K i oshapkina, Ma ga i a; Choi, Young-Seo; Lis an Be nal, Ma ia; Yeo, Gi-Tae
A icle
Vi alizing logis ics s a egies o Tiksi Po using he
in e p e i e s uc u al modelling me hod
Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics (AJSL)
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Ko ean Associa ion o Shipping and Logis ics, Seoul
Sugges ed Ci a ion: K i oshapkina, Ma ga i a; Choi, Young-Seo; Lis an Be nal, Ma ia; Yeo, Gi-Tae
(2024) : Vi alizing logis ics s a egies o Tiksi Po using he in e p e i e s uc u al modelling
me hod, Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics (AJSL), ISSN 2352-4871, Else ie , Ams e dam, Vol.
40, Iss. 1, pp. 36-41,
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Vi alizing logis ics s a egies o Tiksi Po using he in e p e i e s uc u al
modelling me hod
Ma ga i a K i oshapkina
a
, Young-Seo Choi
a
, Ma ia Lis an Be nal
a
, Gi-Tae Yeo
a
,
*
a
G adua e School o Logis ics, Incheon Na ional Uni e si y, Incheon 22012, Sou h Ko ea
ARTICLE INFO
Keywo ds:
Tiksi Po
No he n Sea Rou e
Vi alizing logis ics s a egies
ISM
MICMAC
ABSTRACT
Tiksi Po is a Russian seapo loca ed on he Lap e Sea sho e in he Cen al A c ic egion and holds po en ial as
a c ucial and e sa ile hub o he imp o emen o he Eas e n A c ic sec o . I is one o he main po s on he
No he n Sea Rou e and can po en ially become he p ima y poin o anspo ing a ious ypes o ca go.
Cu en ly, Tiksi Po is shallow and incapable o ecei ing la ge sea essels and al hough i was ini ially equipped
wi h handling equipmen , signs o decline a e isible. This s udy aims o iden i y he c i ical logis ics elemen s o
Tiksi Po and classi y hem acco ding o hei le el o signi icance in i alizing he logis ics ac i i ies o he po
o u he p ac ical use. In e p e i e S uc u al Modelling and he Ma ix o C oss Impac s Mul iplica ion
Applied o a Classi ica ion (MICMAC) me hod was used in his s udy. The s udy indings e ealed en ac o s ha
appea ed a h ee le els o impo ance. Acco ding o he analysis esul s, “comba ing oil spills” was p esen a
Le el 3, which is he i s and mos undamen al le el o be imp o ed. Tiksi Po o icials and go e nmen
minis ies can use hese esul s as a e e ence o de elopmen and o suppo he es ablishmen o a cos -
e ec i e and agile logis ics sys em o ela ed companies.
1. In oduc ion
Tiksi was es ablished in 1932 as a po on he No he n Sea Rou e
(NSR) du ing he expansion o he So ie Union in o he A c ic. By 1936,
Tiksi was acknowledged as an o icial po on he NSR and wen h ough
a signi ican pe iod o g ow h be ween 1930–1950 s when he local
popula ion was en i ely sus ained by ma i ime ac i i ies (Schwei ze &
Po o oznyuk, 2022). Tiksi Po is loca ed be ween he NSR and he
Russian hin e land, and i is na u ally posi ioned o ha e had a signi i-
can impac on he socio-economic de elopmen o he expansi e egion
(Baklano e al., 2021).
Ne e heless, Tiksi Po is shallow and incapable o ecei ing la ge
sea essels (Poleshkina, 2021). Roads ead dep hs ange be ween 9–10
m, while he inne ha bo ypically measu es app oxima ely 5 m in
dep h (Ragne , 2000). Despi e he ac ha he po was ini ially
equipped wi h handling equipmen , signs o decline a e isible
(Schwei ze & Po o oznyuk, 2022). The e o e, he po equi es p o-
cedu es such as d edging, and in as uc u e mus be enewed and un-
de go mode niza ion (Schwei ze & Po o oznyuk, 2022).
Many NSR po s o he eas o Dikson, including Tiksi, can no longe
accommoda e he expec ed ca go a ic olumes. Speci ically,
in as uc u e limi a ions p e en la ge- onnage essels, such as mode n
oil anke s and con aine ships, om accessing hese po s, posing a
sa e y isk o na iga ion (Kuzmin e al., 2019).
Hence, Tiksi Po holds po en ial as a c ucial and e sa ile hub o he
imp o emen o he Eas e n A c ic sec o . Besides i s anspo , ene gy,
and secu i y oles, i can also play a signi ican ole in economic g ow h
and social well-being in he spa sely popula ed no heas e n a ea o he
coun y (Baklano e al., 2021).
Hill e al. (2015) s a ed ha Tiksi Po was he mos comme cially
impo an among Russia’s A c ic po s. Howe e , despi e i s impo ance
on he NSR, esea che s mo e o en a ge issues conce ning he en i e
NSR. I ano ich (2011) and Wan e al. (2021) highligh ed ha he Lap e
Sea was dange ous due o i s shallow dep hs. I ano a and Po a naya
(2020); Mo d ino a (2021), Poleshkina (2021); Schwei ze and Po o -
oznyuk (2022) concluded ha d edging was a p e equisi e o he u u e
use o NSR po s. Dalaklis e al. (2018); Pas usiak (2016); Vylegzhanin
e al. (2020); Heinemann e al. (2021) ha e no ed he impo ance o
using iceb eake s.
I ano a and Po a naya (2020), Milako ic e al. (2018), and
Maka o a e al. (2022) ha e documen ed he p oblema ic na u e o he
en i onmen al componen o he A c ic; in pa icula , hey highligh ed
* Co esponding au ho .
E-mail add ess: [email p o ec ed] (G.-T. Yeo).
Con en s lis s a ailable a ScienceDi ec
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics
jou nal homepage: www.else ie .com/loca e/ajsl
h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.ajsl.2023.12.004
Recei ed 19 No embe 2023; Accep ed 20 Decembe 2023
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics 40 (2024) 36–41
37
he p oblems o sc ap me al on he sho es and oil spills. Mo d ino a
(2021) spoke abou he digi aliza ion o he NSR, which is no su icien
o he e iciency o no he n po s. Na iga ion echnologies in his e-
ga d a e also ou da ed, as emphasized by Hill e al. (2015); Pugache
e al. (2022) a gued abou he economic side o he mode niza ion o
A c ic po s, calling no he n po s o he NSR a weak link because o he
lack o a p ope budge o u u e de elopmen .
Hence, he e is a conside able body o esea ch conce ning he NSR,
wi h ecen s udies unco e ing a mul i ude o issues; howe e , he e is a
no iceable sca ci y o esea ch ocused on he logis ics o Tiksi Po .
The e o e, his s udy can lay he g oundwo k o Tiksi’s u u e de el-
opmen by iden i ying c ucial logis ics componen s o i s seapo and
ca ego izing hem based on hei signi icance in enhancing po logis ics
o p ac ical implemen a ion. Using he In e p e i e S uc u al Model-
ling (ISM) me hod and Ma ix o C oss Impac s Mul iplica ion Applied o
a Classi ica ion (MICMAC) analysis, hese componen s can be consid-
e ed and classi ied in a hie a chical o de , which could po en ially
become an example o an ac i a ion plan o he logis ics ac i i ies o
Tiksi Po .
2. Li e a u e e iew
Tiksi Po is called he “A c ic sea-ga e o Yaku ia” (Schwei ze &
Po o oznyuk, 2022), as i is he only po o he Republic o Sakha
(Yaku ia), which his o ically con ibu ed o he su i al o A ic pop-
ula ions. Al hough he po is no ully unc ioning a p esen , as i was
du ing he So ie Union, i is s ill o s a egic ele ance among po s on
he NSR and has he po en ial o become he p ima y poin o ans-
po ing a ious ca go. Among he A c ic po s in he Russian Fede a ion,
Tiksi Po holds he u mos signi icance (Hill e al., 2015).
Va ious s udies, bo h Russian and o eign, conside di e se ac o s o
ac i a ion o he logis ics ac i i y o Tiksi Po , highligh ing i s socio-
economic impo ance.
Schwei ze and Po o oznyuk (2022) highligh ed ha in bo h Russia
and Yaku ia he e a e s a egies o A c ic zone de elopmen ha
an icipa e he g owing impo ance o he NSR, which a ge esiden s
and in e na ional ca go ansi . Se e al municipal dec ees and docu-
men s, as well as public speeches e e o Tiksi Po as an essen ial ma k
on he NSR. Fo hese easons, I ano ich (2011); Hill e al. (2015); Wan
e al. (2021) no ed ha he Lap e Sea is shallow which comp omises
sa e y. Hence, I ano a and Po a naya (2020); Mo d ino a (2021);
Poleshkina (2021), and Schwei ze and Po o oznyuk (2022) conclude
ha d edging is a equi emen o he u u e u iliza ion o Tiksi Po and
o he s along he NSR.
Cu en ly, he e a e many obs acles o e i ing he NSR. Fo
ins ance, Dalaklis e al. (2018) highligh ed ha iceb eake s a e
inc easingly equi ed o b eak h ough sea ice, es ablish passages, o aid
s anded essels. Russia’s has a signi ican ad an age wi h i s subs an ial
numbe o iceb eake s and hei au onomy which is highligh ed. The
impo ance o iceb eake suppo was e ealed by Pas usiak (2016);
Vylegzhanin e al. (2020); Heinemann e al. (2021).
Fu he p oblems ha equi e solu ions o achie e po ac i a ion
ha e been a ge ed by di e en s udies. I ano a and Po a naya (2020)
s a ed ha many en i onmen ally damaged a eas a e concen a ed in
he A c ic egion, wi h accumula ions o sc ap me al om mili a y and
indus ial ac i i ies, such as he emains o ships and ba els.
Acco ding o Ragne (2000), Tiksi Po p o ided se ice acili ies,
including ha bo pilo age, be hing, ice-condi ioning owage, esh
wa e , was e disposal (excep o sewe age wa e ), mino epai s, and
di ing se ices. Howe e , Wan e al. (2021) highligh ed ha acili ies on
he NSR a e oo old. The designa ion o in as uc u e and se ices, such
as communica ion, na iga ion, ice-b eaking, and o he s emain inade-
qua e along he NSR (Wan e al., 2021). The impo ance o u he
de elopmen o hose ac o s was highligh ed in he esea ch by Pas u-
siak (2016); Vylegzhanin e al. (2020); Baklano e al. (2021); Mo d-
ino a (2021); Wan e al. (2021).
I ano a and Po a naya (2020) discussed he enhancemen o he
po in as uc u e, sugges ing he cons uc ion o a ma ine epai plan
in Tiksi, p o iding o he comple e econs uc ion o be hing acili ies,
and de elopmen o shipbuilding and cons uc ion o new ypes o
anspo based on he p oduc ion acili ies o he Lena Uni ed Ri e
Shipping Company. Absence o epai ing acili ies was highligh ed by
Pas usiak (2016); Dalaklis e al. (2018); Wan e al. (2021); Schwei ze
and Po o oznyuk (2022).
Mo d ino a (2021) highligh ed ha he di ec o a e o he NSR is
de eloping a single digi al pla o m o he NSR, which began in Augus
2020. Howe e , he issue o po digi aliza ion is signi ican . The e is
s ill a need o in oduce mode n in o ma ion and communica ion ech-
nology ools in o he A c ic zone because his ac o is de ined as a key
condi ion o he success ul de elopmen o A c ic e i o ies. Hill e al.
(2015) highligh ed ha na iga ion echnology is insu icien in he e-
gion. The e ec i eness o global posi ioning sys ems (GPS) is con-
s ained by he lack o sa elli e co e age a hese la i udes. The e o e,
sa e na iga ion using hese ins umen s is challenging.
Milako ic e al. (2018) and Maka o a e al. (2022) s a ed ha due o
he agile pola ecosys em, oil spill p epa edness (OSP) cons i u es a
c ucial elemen o he NSR logis ics sys em. The p esence o sea ice has
an impac on he beha io o oil spills. Russian laws s ipula e ha op-
e a o s a e esponsible o co e ing he expenses ela ed o cleanup
ope a ions and ecological ha m in he e en o an oil spill. Calcula ions
o he en i onmen al damage caused by oil spills along he NSR a e
conduc ed acco ding o me hods endo sed by he Fede al Agency o
Fishe ies and he Minis y o Na u e Resou ces and Ecology o Russia.
Fu he mo e, OSP equipmen is s a egically posi ioned a po s such as
Dikson, Tiksi, P o ideniya, and Pe ek.
Hence, he mode niza ion o Tiksi Po is highly ecommended by
a ious esea che s. Mo d ino a (2021) commen ed ha he econ-
s uc ion o he po will ensu e a sa e en y o sea essels wi h a d a o
up o 10 m and will imp o e he ca go handling olume, including he
ca go o ci il essels. Pugache e al. (2022) s a ed ha he ini ial
challenges and h ea s endange ing he imp o emen o he A c ic s em
om weak in as uc u e de elopmen o he NSR. The weakes aspec o
he NSR lies in he A c ic po s, p ima ily because he e has been min-
imal unding di ec ed owa ds upg ading he echnical equipmen .
P e ious s udies a e summa ized in he able below.
3. Resea ch me hodology
This s udy employed ISM-MICMAC, i s desc ibed by Wa ield
(1974), o selec he ac o s ha i alize logis ics s a egies in Tiksi Po .
ISM is a decision-making ool ha in ol es o ganizing a a ie y o
in e connec ed elemen s in o a comp ehensi e sys emic model. Addi-
ionally, i allows o classi ica ion and o ien a ion o he ela ionships
be ween elemen s in a complex sys em. ISM has been u ilized in a eas
ha ha e no ye been s udied o ac i a ed. I is ad an ageous o un-
de s and he in luence o he complex ela ionships among se e al
ac o s.
The p ocedu e o ISM analysis is as ollows:
1. To selec ac o s ela ed o he esea ch pu pose, ac o s we e
ex ac ed om p e ious s udies and expe in e iews.
2. Compa e he ac o s selec ed in S ep 1 and es ablish con ex ual
ealiza ions.
3. A S uc u al Sel -In e ac ion Ma ix (SSIM) ep esen ing a compa i-
son be ween he pai s o ac o s is c ea ed. The a iables consis ed o
symbols V, A, X, and O. To es ablish he di ec ions o he ela ionship
be ween ac o s i and j, he ollowing ques ionnai e was used:
4. The ini ial eachabili y ma ix (IRM) was c ea ed acco ding o he
SSIM, and he ansi i i y ma ix was e iewed. The basic assump-
ion o he concep ual ela ionship is ha i Fac o 1 is co ela ed
wi h Fac o 2 and Fac o 2 is co ela ed wi h Fac o 3, hen Fac o 1 is
M. K i oshapkina e al.
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics 40 (2024) 36–41
38
co ela ed wi h Fac o 3. In he IRM, he ou s eps V, A, X, and O
we e eplaced wi h 1 o 0, as lis ed in Table 3.
5. When he IRM was c ea ed, se e al s eps we e pe o med acco ding
o he esul s o he p e ious s ep. The Final Reachabili y Ma ix
(FRM) was hen e iewed acco ding o he undamen al assump ions
o he ISM o iden i y he d i ing and dependence powe .
6. The inal ISM model was comple ed by classi ying he ac o s a each
s age based on he FRM. A MICMAC analysis allows analysis o he
a iables acco ding o hei d i ing powe and dependence, and
classi ies hem in o ou egions. The ou h quad an is so ed in o
ou g oups: au onomous ac i a ion, dependen ac i a ion, connec-
ion ac i a ion, and independen ac i a ion, as shown in Fig. 1. These
ac o s a e displayed in each quad an .
7. The nex s ep uses he FRM o pe o m he MICMAC analysis.
4. Empi ical analysis
The s udy objec i e was o asce ain he c i ical logis ics elemen s o
Tiksi Po and classi y hem acco ding o hei le el o signi icance in
i alizing he logis ics ac i i ies o he po o u he p ac ical use. To
achie e he ini ial goal, he ISM me hodology was implemen ed owing
o i s p ima y unc ion o iden i ying eminen issues and de ining he
ela ionships be ween hem. The s udy con inued wi h a MICMAC
analysis o complemen he ISM app oach. The so wa e used o he
ISM-MICMAC me hodology was EXsimp o ISM.
To de ine he in luence o each ac o on he o he s and c ea e a
s uc u e wi h a hie a chy o show he p io i y le el o each ac o , a
su ey o 21 expe s wi h an a e age wo k expe ience o 22 yea s was
conduc ed (see Table 4). To implemen he ISM me hodology in his
Table 1
Logis ics ac o s ex ac ed.
Fac o s selec ed Rela ed esea ch
1 Inc easing wa e dep hs I ano ich (2011)
Hill e al. (2015)
I ano a and Po a naya
(2020)
Mo d ino a (2021)
Wan e al. (2021)
Poleshkina (2021)
Schwei ze and
Po o oznyuk (2022)
2 Iceb eake suppo Pas usiak (2016)
Vylegzhanin e al. (2020)
Heinemann e al. (2021)
Wan e al. (2021)
3 Cleaning o sc ap me al and disposal o
abandoned hal -subme ged ships
I ano a and Po a naya
(2020)
4 Pilo age and Tug suppo Vylegzhanin e al. (2020)
Wan e al. (2021)
5 S e edo ing se ices Pas usiak (2016)
I ano a and Po a naya
(2020)
Baklano e al. (2021)
Mo d ino a (2021)
6 Ship chandling se ices Pas usiak (2016)
Wan e al. (2021)
7 Repai ing acili ies Pas usiak (2016)
Dalaklis e al. (2018)
I ano a and Po a naya
(2020)
Wan e al. (2021)
Schwei ze and
Po o oznyuk (2022)
8 Digi aliza ion Hill e al. (2015)
I ano a and Po a naya
(2020)
Vylegzhanin e al. (2020)
Mo d ino a (2021)
Wan e al. (2021)
9 Comba ing oil spills Milako ic e al. (2018)
Vylegzhanin e al. (2020)
Maka o a e al. (2022)
10 Mode niza ion o po Mo d ino a (2021)
Pulyae skaya and
Vinoku o a (2021)
Pugache e al. (2022)
Table 2
A S uc u al Sel -In e ac ion Ma ix (SSIM) Symbology.
De ini ion Symbol
Fac o i in luences ac o j.
Fac o i is no in luenced by ac o j.
V
Fac o j in luences ac o i.
Fac o j is no in luenced ac o i.
A
Fac o s i and j in luence each o he . X
Fac o s i and j do no in luence each o he . O
Table 3
IRM om SSIM.
SSIM i em (i, j) Reachabili y Ma ix De ini ion
V i em (i, j) becomes 1
i em (j, i) becomes 0
A i em (i, j) becomes 0
i em (j, i) becomes 1
X i em (i, j) becomes 1
i em (j, i) becomes 1
O i em (i, j) becomes 0
i em (j, i) becomes 0
No e: SSIM, S uc u al Sel -In e ac ion Ma ix; IRM, Ini ial eachabili y
ma ix
Fig. 1. D i ing Powe and Dependence Powe Diag am.
Fig. 2. S uc u al Sel -In e ac ion Ma ix (SSIM).
M. K i oshapkina e al.
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics 40 (2024) 36–41
39
s udy, en ac o s we e ex ac ed om he li e a u e.
The ex ac ed ac o s in he li e a u e e iew a e he ollowing: “A1:
Inc easing wa e dep hs,” “A2: Iceb eake suppo ,” “A3: Cleaning o
sc ap me al and disposal o abandoned hal -subme ged ships,” “A4:
Pilo age and ug suppo ,” “A5: S e edo ing se ices,” “A6: Ship chan-
dling se ices,” “A7: Repai ing acili ies,” “A8: Digi aliza ion,” “A9:
Comba ing oil spills,” and “A10: Mode niza ion o po .” Using ISM
me hodology, he ac o s i alizing he logis ics ac i i ies o Tiksi Po
we e sys ema ized. The ini ial s ep o ISM analysis is he o ma ion o a
SSIM o he ex ac ed ac o s.
An IRM was designed acco ding o he SSIM (Fig. 3). The da a
ecei ed om he SSIM we e ansmu ed in o bina y alues o 0 and 1.
The nex s ep was o di ide he ac o s in o le els. In conjunc ion
wi h all he ac o s wi hin he FRM, eachabili y and p edecesso se s
we e es ablished. The a iable i sel and he possibly a ec ed a iable
cons i u e he eachabili y se , while he p edecesso se includes he
a iable and i s possibly a ec ed coun e pa s. All a iables we e
examined o in e sec ions. When a comple e ma ch occu s, he ela ed
indica o s a e alloca ed o he maximal le el o he ISM hie a chy
s uc u e and le ou om subsequen calcula ions. This p ocess is
epea ed i e a i ely un il e e y a iable inds i s place, ul ima ely
leading o he cons uc ion o a g aph and i s esul ing inal ISM model.
Based on he esul s o he implemen ed analysis, he inal ISM hi-
e a chy s uc u e dig aph disclosed he ollowing: he ac o “A9:
Comba ing oil spills” was loca ed a he bo om o he s uc u e meaning
ha i has mo e in luence in i alizing he logis ics ac i i ies o Tiksi
Po . The e o e, his ac o could ini ia e he ac i a ion o logis ics in he
po . To use he emaining ac o s in ac ion, Tiksi Po mus i s esol e
his issue. As s a ed in he li e a u e e iew, OSP is one o he majo
elemen s o he NSR logis ics sys em, and OSP equipmen is p esen a
ou A c ic po s, including Tiksi Po .
The second le el o he hie a chy sys em co esponds o he ac o s
“A1: Inc easing wa e dep hs,” “A2: Iceb eake suppo ,” “A3: Cleaning
o sc ap me al and disposal o abandoned hal -subme ged ships,” and
“A7: Repai ing acili ies.” The de elopmen o Tiksi Po ega ding
d edging and cleaning he wa e s will help la ge essels na iga e he
po a ea, which can also inc ease he le el o p ocessed ca go c ucial o
he popula ion o he A c ic egion. Simila ly, iceb eake suppo will
play a signi ican ole in ex ending he na iga ion pe iod o he po .
Repai ing acili ies as a po se ice may help manage ships coming
h ough. The ac o s o he second le el a e in e ela ed and ha e a
di ec e ec on he i s le el ac o s, which a e “A4: Pilo age and ug
suppo ,” “A5: S e edo ing se ices,” “A6: Ship chandling se ices,”
“A8: Digi aliza ion,” and “A10: Mode niza ion o po .” The e o e, o
sol e he logis ics issues o Tiksi Po , i is impo an o use a hie a chical
s uc u e as a guide o implemen he i aliza ion o logis ics ac i i ies.
The MICMAC analysis complemen s he ISM app oach h ough an
analysis o bo h d i ing powe and dependence powe among he
es ablished ac o s, and he aim is o asce ain he key elemen s ha
signi ican ly in luence he en i e sys em. This g aph con ains ou
sec ions:
1. Au onomous ac o s e e o he weak dependen a iables wi h low
d i e powe
2. Dependen ac o s e e o he s ong dependen a iables wi h low
d i e powe
3. Linkage ac o s e e o he s ong dependen a iables wi h high
d i e powe
4. Independen ac o s e e o he weak dependen a iables wi h s ong
d i e powe .
As shown in he g aph, ac o s A1, A2, A3, A7, A4, A5, A6, A8, and
A10 a e loca ed in he linkage a ea wi h d i e powe a 9 and depen-
dence le els a 9 and 10. These ac o s appea o hold he highes p i-
o i y and signi icance because he elemen s o he linkage sec o a ec
o he elemen s. The analysis also showed ha he e we e no ac o s in
he Au onomous and Dependen clus e s. Thus, all iden i ied ac o s play
a signi ican ole in i alizing po logis ics. Au onomous ac o s p esen
weak dependence and low d i ing powe , meaning ha hey do no
a ec he sys em. The Dependen ac o s also ha e low d i e powe ,
al hough hei dependence is s ong, indica ing ha hey ha e no e ec
on he o he ac o s. Howe e , he only ac o lis ed in he Independen
Table 4
Summa y o he expe ’s ques ionnai e.
Type Con en
In e iew Da e Decembe 2022 o Feb ua y 2023
In e iew Pu pose Vi alizing logis ics s a egies o Tiksi Po using he ISM me hod
Expe s Expe ience Academic Go e nmen al Logis ics- ela ed Fo wa de
Less han 10 yea s 1 3 1 0
10–15 yea s 0 4 0 0
16–20 yea s 0 2 1 0
21–25 yea s 1 1 0 0
Mo e han 25 yea s 2 3 1 1
To al expe s 21
No e: ISM, In e p e i e S uc u al Modelling
Fig. 3. Ini ial Reachabili y Ma ix (IRM).
Fig. 4. Final Reachabili y Ma ix (FRM).
M. K i oshapkina e al.
The Asian Jou nal o Shipping and Logis ics 40 (2024) 36–41
40
a ea o he g aph is “A9: Comba ing oil spills,” which is he ac o placed
a he lowes o he ISM hie a chy sys em signi ying a weak le el o
dependence a 2, bu simul aneously a s ong d i ing powe a 6. This
ac o is also called a “key enable ” indica ing i s impo ance. Conse-
quen ly, he inal ISM hie a chy s uc u e de ines he ela ionships be-
ween he ex ac ed ac o s. The es ablished s uc u e ensu es a be e
iew o he ac i a ion o logis ics s a egies o Tiksi Po . As i was
disco e ed du ing he analysis, he “Comba ing oil spills” ac o is
decla ed he mos subs an ial, meaning ha i is independen o he
o he ac o s and has he abili y o in luence he i alizing o logis ics
ac i i ies. Addi ionally, he inal model demons a ed ha Le el 2 and 1
ac o s we e highly in e connec ed, implying ha any ac ion a ec s
each o he ac o s lis ed in he s uc u e.
5. Conclusion
This s udy used he ISM-MICMAC me hodology o sugges e i ali-
za ion s a egies o Tiksi Po . Ten ac o s we e selec ed, and ques-
ionnai e esponses we e collec ed om 21 expe s in ou g oups:
academics, go e nmen minis ies, logis ics o icials, and o wa de s.
The s udy indings e ealed a o al o en ac o s ha appea ed a h ee
le els. Acco ding o he analysis esul s, “comba ing oil spills” was
p esen a Le el 3, which is he i s and mos undamen al le el o be
imp o ed. This ac o is a key enable , being he mos impo an among
he en ac o s ha mus be imp o ed o e i alize logis ics a Tiksi Po .
The second le el o he hie a chy sys em co esponds o he ac o s
“Inc easing wa e dep hs,” “Iceb eake suppo ,” “Cleaning o sc ap
me al and disposal o abandoned hal -subme ged ships,” and “Repai ing
acili ies.” The ac o s a Le el 2 a e in e ela ed and di ec ly a ec hose
in Le el 1. Finally, Le el 1 comp ises “Pilo age and ug suppo ,”
“S e edo ing se ices,” “Ship changing se ices,” “Digi aliza ion,” and
“Mode niza ion o po ” which we e deemed he lowes -le el ac o s.
MICMAC analyzed dependence powe and d i ing powe by classi-
ying ac o s in o ou qua e s. The analysis esul s showed ha he
ac o s we e no loca ed in au onomous o dependen a eas. Nine ac o s
we e loca ed in he linkage a ea, all o which comp ised Le els 1 and 2 in
he hie a chical analysis. The ac o loca ed in he independen a ea was
he “comba ing oil spills” ound a Le el 3. This s udy has academic
implica ions o using he ISM-MICMAC me hodology o dis inguish
causes and in luencing ac o s o s eng hening he compe i i eness o
Tiksi Po , which has no been conduc ed p e iously, and e alua e p i-
o i ies be ween ac o s. Fu he mo e, Tiksi Po o icials and go e n-
men minis ies can use he s udy esul s as a e e ence o he
de elopmen o Tiksi Po and o suppo he es ablishmen o a cos -
e ec i e and agile logis ics sys em o ela ed companies.
Acknowledgmen s
This esea ch was suppo ed by he 4 h Educa ional T aining P o-
g am o he Shipping, Po and Logis ics om he Minis y o Oceans
and Fishe ies.
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