Liu, Peng; Lai, Yangjie; Liu, Dege
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A i icial in elligence esea ch in o ganiza ions: a
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A ificial in elligence esea ch in o ganiza ions: a
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A i icial in elligence esea ch in o ganiza ions: a bibliome ic
app oach
Peng liu, Yangjie lai and Dege liu
school o Managemen , guangzhou Highe educa ion Mega Cen e , guangzhou uni e si y, guangzhou, People’s Republic o
China
ABSTRACT
al hough mo e and mo e esea che s ha e paid a en ion o a i icial in elligence
esea ch in o ganiza ions ac oss di e en subdi ided ields in ecen yea s, he e is s ill
a lack o in eg a i e and comp ehensi e esea ch on ai in o ganiza ions. Building upon
p e ious quan i a i e and quali a i e s udies in he a i icial in elligence li e a u e, his
s udy p esen s a bibliome ic analysis o a icles on a i icial in elligence in he ields o
managemen , business, and applied psychology up o June 2nd, 2023. he esea ch
explo es he landscape o a i icial in elligence a icles, highligh ing key in ellec ual
con ibu ions and esea ch cons i uen s such as jou nals, au ho s, coun ies, ins i u ions,
and opics. addi ionally, he s udy in es iga es he in ellec ual s uc u e and o e lay
isualiza ion o keywo ds o iden i y popula opics and ends in ecen a i icial
in elligence esea ch. he indings o e eade s a sys ema ic unde s anding o a i icial
in elligence de elopmen and p o ide new insigh s ha expand upon exis ing
knowledge in a i icial in elligence wi hin managemen , business, and applied
psychology.
1. In oduc ion
since he o mal in oduc ion o a i icial in elligence (ai) in 1956, he e ha e been signi ican echnolog-
ical ad ancemen s in his ield. Miles ones such as iBM’s Deep Blue de ea ing he chess champion in
1997, google’s alphago de ea ing he go mas e in 2016, and he launch o Openai’s cha gP in 2020
all exempli y he ema kable p og ess in ai echnology. O e he pas decade, due o he as po en ial
o ai echnology, ai has become in eg al o o ganiza ional ope a ions (alnam ou i e al., 2022). en e p ises
le e age ai o conduc p ecise cus ome po ai analysis, iden i y consume beha io pa e ns, and dis-
ce n cus ome needs h ough echnologies like social public opinion analysis and na u al language p o-
cessing (Da enpo e al., 2020; Da idsson e al., 2020; Fan e al., 2020; gaspa e al., 2016). ai also aids
in candida e sc eening and e alua ion o businesses (Black & an esch, 2020; hamil on & Da ison, 2018),
and p o ides c edi assessmen and isk s a egies o en e p ises (sood, 2020). Mo e speci ically, ne lix’s
ecommenda ion sys ems, google’s sea ch engines, iBM’s Wa son, and Mic oso ’s azu e a e all ypical
examples o how ai can be used in he en e p ise.
While mo e and mo e en e p ises a e using ai in hei daily ope a ions, he e has been signi ican
g ow h in ai esea ch wi hin he ealms o managemen , business, and applied psychology (Dwi edi
e al., 2021; Ma ínez-lópez & casillas, 2013; Mikale & gup a, 2021). se e al no able e iews ha e exam-
ined he cu en landscape and ad ancemen s in ai esea ch wi hin speci ic domains. Fo ins ance,
lou ei o e al. (2021) sc u inized 404 a icles in business- ela ed ields spanning om 1970 o 2019,
e ealing ha ai esea ch in business can be ca ego ized in o ou p ima y a eas and 18 opics. a senyan
and Piepenb ink (2024) conduc ed a e iew o 6,324 a icles in managemen - ela ed ields om 1990 o
© 2024 he au ho (s). Published by in o ma uK Limi ed, ading as aylo & F ancis g oup
CONTACT Dege Liu [email p o ec ed] school o Managemen , guangzhou uni e si y, no. 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, guangzhou
Highe educa ion Mega Cen e , guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic o China
supplemen al da a o his a icle can be accessed online a h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2024.2408439.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2024.2408439
his is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons a ibu ion License (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/), which
pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. he e ms on which his a icle has been
published allow he pos ing o he accep ed Manusc ip in a eposi o y by he au ho (s) o wi h hei consen .
ARTICLE HISTORY
Recei ed 25 June 2024
Re ised 16 augus 2024
accep ed 19 sep embe
2024
KEYWORDS
a i icial in elligence;
bibliome ic e iew;
VOS iewe ; scien i ic
isualiza ion; landscape
SUBJECTS
Wo k & O ganiza ional
Psychology; a i icial
in elligence; in o ma ion
echnology
2 P. liU e al.
2020, highligh ing ha p io ai esea ch p edominan ly ocused on 41 dis inc opics. lee e al. (2023)
unde ook a sys ema ic e iew and analysis o a icles on ai published in 31 jou nals co e ing in o ma-
ion sys ems, business, managemen , and ope a ions managemen , pinpoin ing 70 esea ch opics.
Dhamija and Bag (2020) analyzed 1,854 a icles be ween 2018 and 2019 o unco e six eme ging clus e s
o ai in ope a ions managemen . Ma iani e al. (2023) ca ied ou a comp ehensi e analysis o 1,448
published ai esea ch a icles ac oss ma ke ing, consume esea ch, and psychology, iden i ying ou he-
ma ic clus e s o ai ac oss hese ields. Pla ho am e al. (2023) del ed in o he esea ch li e a u e on ai
and machine lea ning in manu ac u ing, ou lining he po en ial bene i s and challenges o hei applica-
ion in he manu ac u ing sec o .
al hough his body o li e a u e signi ican ly en iches ou unde s anding o ai esea ch in manage-
men , business, and applied psychology, he e a e se e al limi a ions o conside . Fi s ly, he majo i y o
e iew a icles employ quali a i e me hods o analyze esea ch ac oss a ious ime pe iods (e.g. Jan
e al., 2023). he analysis o esea ch opics and con en is o en in luenced by he au ho s’ subjec i e
pe spec i es and unde s anding o he ield. secondly, cu en esea ch ends o ocus mo e on speci ic
a eas such as manu ac u ing (li e al., 2017), human esou ce managemen (li e al., 2023), ma ke ing
(Don hu, Kuma , Pa naik, e al., 2021), and heal hca e (ali e al., 2023), ins ead o p o iding a comp e-
hensi e o e iew o o ganiza ional issues ela ed o ai. hi dly, hese s udies o en o e look he chang-
ing popula i y o di e en opics o e ime, key con ibu o s (such as au ho s, coun ies, and ins i u ions),
and he in ellec ual s uc u e o ai esea ch. las ly, he e is a lack o in-dep h explo a ion o au ho
coope a ion ne wo ks and keywo d co-occu ence ne wo ks in hese a icles. he e o e, signi ican
ques ions highligh ing he need o in eg a i e and comp ehensi e esea ch on ai in o ganiza ions
emain unanswe ed. his is su p ising, gi en he g owing use o ai-based echnologies in o ganiza ions
and he long-s anding calls om esea che s o such in eg a i e and comp ehensi e s udies (Von
K ogh, 2018).
in ecen yea s, bibliome ics has gained popula i y among esea che s in he managemen and busi-
ness ields due o i s dis inc ad an ages (Don hu, Kuma , Pandey, e al., 2021; Don hu e al., 2020; Khan
e al., 2021; Me igó & Yang, 2017). h ough bibliome ic analysis, schola s can isually ep esen he cu -
en esea ch s a us, knowledge s uc u e, and de elopmen con ex o one o mo e opics. his me hod
also helps in iden i ying he mos in luen ial a icles and jou nals in he esea ch ield, au ho collabo a-
ions, and eme ging ends and e olu ion o esea ch opics (Don hu, Kuma , Pandey, e al., 2021; Ve ma
& gus a sson, 2020). o add ess he limi a ions o p e ious s udies and ill he esea ch gap in he ai
li e a u e, his s udy aims o u ilize bibliome ic quan i a i e esea ch me hods o analyze he comp e-
hensi e landscape o ai esea ch in he ields o managemen , business, and applied psychology, and
add ess speci ic esea ch ques ions.
1. Wha a e he publishing and ci a ion ends in ai esea ch?
2. Wha is he knowledge s uc u e o he ields o managemen , business, and applied psychology
ela ed o ai?
3. in wha di ec ion should u u e esea ch ad ance he de elopmen o ai?
his s udy con ibu es by p esen ing he la es ends in publica ion and ci a ion in ai esea ch, aiding
bo h new and expe ienced esea che s in e alua ing p oduc i i y and impac . addi ionally, he analysis
o co-ci a ion and keywo d co-occu ence ne wo ks sheds ligh on he knowledge s uc u e o he ield,
acili a ing a deepe unde s anding o i s de elopmen . las ly, h ough scien i ic mapping o keywo ds,
he s udy ou lines he e olu ion and ends o ai esea ch, o e ing aluable insigh s o u u e esea ch
di ec ions.
his s udy con inues wi h he ollowing s uc u e. sec ion 2 will ou line he me hodology employed.
sec ion 3 will hen p esen he key esul s, such as ends in publica ions/ci a ions o e ime, insigh s
in o in luen ial au ho s/ins i u ions/coun ies, a co-au ho ship ne wo k analysis, co-ci a ion mappings,
co-occu ence ne wo ks, and o e lay isualiza ion o keywo ds. sec ion 4 will discuss he con ibu ions
o he cu en wo k and po en ial limi a ions. a enues o u u e esea ch in his domain will also be
ou lined. sec ion 5 will conclude he s udy by summa izing he main indings and akeaways.
cOgen BUsiness & ManageMen 3
2. Me hod
he Web o science co e collec ion da abase was sea ched o pee - e iewed a icles on ai opics in he
ields o managemen , business, and applied psychology as o June 2nd, 2023. We selec ed his da abase
as i con ains mo e han 250 subjec ca ego ies ac oss he sciences, social sciences, a s, and humani ies
spanning back o 1990 (and e en ea lie ) and is an in luen ial da abase accep ed o e he wo ld.1 ini ially,
a o al o 5,864 a icles we e iden i ied. a e an ini ial sc eening p ocess, 5,561 a icles con aining ‘a i i-
cial in elligence’ in hei i les, abs ac s, o keywo ds we e e ained o u he analysis. hese a icles
we e hen used o bibliome ic analysis. he sea ch s a egy employed o his analysis is depic ed in
Figu e 1.
in o de o enhance he e ec i eness o VOS iewe ’s ( e sion 1.6.19) bibliome ic analysis, keywo ds
we e ecoded o accoun o synonyms, singula and plu al o ms, spelling a ia ions, and symbol dis-
c epancies. ini ially, 119 wo ds we e ex ac ed om a pool o 5,561 a icles. subsequen ly, synonyms o
iden ical opic wo ds we e consolida ed. Fo ins ance, e ms like ‘ai’, ‘a i icial in elligence’, ‘a i icial in el-
ligence (ai)’, ‘a i icial-in elligence’, ‘dis ibu ed a i icial in elligence’, and ‘explainable a i icial in elligence’
we e all uni o mly ecoded as ‘ai’. simila ly, ‘decision-making’ was s anda dized as ‘decision making’, while
a ia ions like ‘neu al ne wo k’, ‘neu al ne wo ks’, ‘neu al-ne wo k’, and ‘neu al-ne wo ks’ we e all coded as
‘nn’. addi ionally, o e ly b oad e ms such as ‘model’, ‘sys em’, ‘in o ma ion’, and ‘ne wo ks’ we e excluded
om he ecoding p ocess. o enhance he isual p esen a ion o ou esul s in co-au ho ship ne wo k
analysis, co-ci a ion analysis, keywo d co-occu ence analysis, and o e lay isualiza ion o keywo d anal-
ysis, we adjus ed ce ain pa ame e s in he ‘analysis ab’ o he ‘ac ion panel’. Fo ins ance, when pe o m-
ing co-au ho ship ne wo k analysis, we se he ‘a ac ion’ and ‘Repulsion’ pa ame e s o 2 and –1,
espec i ely (see supplemen al ma e ial o speci ic se ings).
3. Resul s
3.1. Desc ip i e esul s
he analysis p esen ed in Figu e 2 demons a es a gene al upwa d end in annual publica ions and
ci a ions wi hin he ield. While o he a eas o ai esea ch expe ienced mo e p og ess in he 1990s, ai
esea ch in managemen , business, and applied psychology did no see signi ican de elopmen un il
ha ime. he e olu ion o ai esea ch in hese ields can be segmen ed in o dis inc s ages: slow g ow h
Figu e 1. Me hodology o esea ch.
4 P. liU e al.
in pape s and ci a ions om 1989 o 1998, a g adual inc ease om 1999 o 2009, a sligh decline be ween
2010 and 2014, and a apid ise in bo h published pape s and ci a ions since 2015. By 2022, he e we e
1,283 annual publica ions and 8,662 ci a ions. his ajec o y aligns wi h haenlein and Kaplan’s (2019)
cha ac e iza ion o he de elopmen o ai esea ch ac oss di e en ime pe iods, indica ing a pe iod o
inc eased p oduc i i y in ai esea ch wi hin he ealms o managemen science, business s udies, and
applied psychology since 2015.
he signi ican inc ease in publica ions since 2015 can be a ibu ed o a ious ac o s. Fi s ly, ad ance-
men s in compu ing powe and algo i hms ha e g ea ly accele a ed p og ess in ai esea ch and i s p ac-
ical applica ions. Fo example, in 2015, google’s alphago, u ilizing a i icial neu al ne wo ks and deep
lea ning, de ea ed a human p o essional chess playe , ma king a signi ican miles one in ai esea ch.
secondly, he widesp ead adop ion o ai echnology by o ganiza ions ac oss di e en domains has c e-
a ed new challenges o manage s, p omp ing esea che s o o e solu ions (Bambe ge , 2018; Von
K ogh, 2018).
3.2. Con ibu ions o esea ch cons i uen s
3.2.1. Mos p oli ic jou nals, coun ies, au ho s, and ins i u ions
able 1 displays he op 10 jou nals based on he numbe o published a icles. expe sys ems wi h
applica ions s ands ou wi h he highes pape coun ( P = 591) and o e 20,000 o al ci a ions. as o
June 2nd, 2023, he jou nal had al eady published 57 a icles in 2023, u he solidi ying i s s ong aca-
demic s anding in he ai ield. Following closely a e echnological Fo ecas ing and social change ( P =
134), he in e na ional Jou nal o P oduc ion Resea ch ( P = 104), and he Jou nal o Business Resea ch
Figu e 2. annual ends in publica ions and ci a ions o ai esea ch om 1989 o 2023 (n = 5561).
Table 1. he op 10 jou nals by numbe o a icles published in his ield.
Rank Jou nal P C JCR iF( i e yea )
1expe sys ems wi h
applica ions
591 20025 Q1 8.3
2 echnological Fo ecas ing and
social Change
134 2935 Q1 12
3in e na ional Jou nal o
P oduc ion Resea ch
104 3453 Q1 8.8
4Jou nal o Business Resea ch 101 2412 Q1 11.5
5eu opean Jou nal o ope a ional
Resea ch
93 3725 Q1 6.4
6annals o ope a ions Resea ch 74 1273 Q1 4.6
7ieee ansac ions on enginee ing
Managemen
58 433 Q2 5.8
8elec onic Ma ke s 43 988 Q1 7.9
9Psychology & Ma ke ing 39 872 Q1 6.3
10 Jou nal o Manu ac u ing
sys ems
37 1892 Q1 11.1
No e: P = o al Publica ions; C = o al Ci a ions; JCR = Jou nal Ci a ion Repo ; iF = impac Fac o .
cOgen BUsiness & ManageMen 5
( P = 101). hese leading jou nals in managemen , business, applied psychology, and ope a ions esea ch
and managemen science e lec he inc easing in luence o ai esea ch in hese ields.
able 2 p esen s da a on he op 10 au ho s wi h he highes numbe o published a icles. Dwi edi,
a ilia ed wi h swansea Uni e si y, holds he highes numbe o publica ions ( P = 22) in he pas ou
yea s. Following closely a e Kie zmann om Vic o ia Uni e si y ( P = 16) and cha e jee om he indian
ins i u e o Managemen ( P = 14). he leading au ho s in his a ea show a p edominan in e es in
ope a ions esea ch and managemen science, business and economics, psychology, and compu e
science.
able 3 displays he op 10 coun ies in e ms o a icle p oduc ion in he ield o ai. leading he lis
is he Uni ed s a es wi h 1,128 a icles, ollowed closely by china ( P = 1,006) and he Uni ed Kingdom
( P = 534). no ably, he Uni ed s a es also boas s he highes o al numbe o ci a ions ( c = 30,629),
indica ing i s signi ican esea ch ou pu and in luence in he ai domain. Fu he mo e, i is no ewo hy
ha a o al o 19 coun ies ha e published o e 100 a icles, unde sco ing he inc easing global impo -
ance and in e es in ai esea ch.
able 4 displays he op 10 uni s based on he numbe o published a icles in he ield. leading he
lis is he hong Kong Poly echnic Uni e si y om china wi h 62 publica ions, ollowed by he Uni e si y
o economic s udies Bucha es om Romania wi h 55, and swansea Uni e si y om he UK wi h 32.
no ably, despi e he na ional Uni e si y o singapo e ha ing only 29 a icles, i ga ne ed a o al o 1,740
ci a ions, esul ing in an a e age o 60 ci a ions pe a icle. his high a e age ci a ion coun among he
op 10 uni s indica es he signi ican impac o he na ional Uni e si y o singapo e in he ield o ai
esea ch.
3.2.2. Landma k wo ks
able 5 p esen s he op 15 mos -ci ed a icles in he ields o managemen , business, and applied psy-
chology, which accoun o 0.26% o he o al 5,561 pape s. huang and Rus ’s (2018) a icle s and ou
as he mos ci ed, wi h a o al ci a ion coun o 777. his a icle del es in o he po en ial o ai o
eplace humans in se ice jobs, p oposing an ai job subs i u ion heo y ha ou lines he e olu ion o
ai in elligence le els om mechanical o empa hic asks. he implica ions o his shi on human
employmen ha e spa ked signi ican schola ly in e es . Following closely is Wi z e al.’s (2018) pape
Table 2. op 10 au ho s by numbe o published a icles in his ield.
Rank au ho P C H-index ins i u ion
1Dwi edi, Yogesh K. 22 879 22 swansea uni e si y
2Kie zmann, Jan 16 584 24 uni e si y o Vic o ia
3Cha e jee, sheshad i 14 410 35 indian ins i u e o
Managemen Ranchi
4Van esch, Pa ick 13 304 19 Kennesaw s a e uni e si y
5gup a, shi am 12 464 42 neoMa Business sch
6V on is, Deme is 12 356 19 uni e si y o nicosia
7Malik, ashish 11 159 24 uni e si y o newcas le
8Pa ida, Vini 11 690 47 Lulea uni e si y o echnology
9Chaudhu i, Ranjan 10 213 20 Leona d de Vinci Pole uni
10 Haenlein, Michael 10 1261 26 esCP Business school
No e: P = o al Publica ion; C = o al Ci a ion.
Table 3. op 10 coun ies by numbe o a icles published in his ield.
Rank Coun y P Pe cen age (n/5561) C CCP Ls
1 usa 1128 20.28% 30629 27.15 7442
2 CHina 1006 18.09% 18285 18.18 4531
3 engLanD 534 9.60% 14157 26.51 4931
4 inDia 360 6.47% 5257 14.60 2713
5 geRManY 359 6.46% 7942 22.12 2690
6 FRanCe 336 6.04% 7405 22.04 3533
7 aus RaLia 284 5.11% 7369 25.95 2722
8 i aLY 251 4.51% 3618 14.41 1871
9 sPain 244 4.39% 4398 18.02 982
10 CanaDa 223 4.01% 3442 15.43 1444
No e: P = o al Publica ions; C = o al Ci a ions; CPP = Ci a ions pe Publica ion; CPP = o al Ci a ions / o al Publica ions.
6 P. liU e al.
wi h 655 ci a ions, which explo es he oppo uni ies and challenges o se ice obo s compa ed o
on line se ice employees, highligh ing he e hical and social conside a ions a a ious le els. Ranked
hi d in annual ci a ions wi h 646 men ions, ao e al. (2018) discusses he ansi ion o in elligen man-
u ac u ing d i en by in e ne o hings (io ), cloud compu ing, big da a, and ai echnologies. no ably,
Yang e al.’s (2021) a icle, anked hi een h, in oduces a DBn-based s a e classi ica ion mul i-senso
heal h diagnosis me hod le e aging deep machine lea ning o s uc u al heal h applica ions, boas ing
a high ci a ion a e pe yea o 231. Rema kably, each o he op 15 a icles has gained o e 400
ci a ions.
3.3. Co-au ho ship ne wo k analysis
o gain insigh s in o cu en collabo a ions and key esea che s in he ields o managemen , business,
and applied psychology, we u ilized VOS iewe ’s ‘co-au ho ship’ ea u e o isualize he collabo a i e ne -
wo k o esea che s. We es ablished a h eshold o 5 o a icles ela ed o ai esea ch, esul ing in a
ne wo k o 99 esea che s (Figu e 3). node size in he isualiza ion co esponds o he numbe o pub-
lished a icles, wi h la ge nodes indica ing mo e co-publica ions. he connec ions be ween nodes signi y
collabo a i e ies be ween au ho s. no ably, ou o he 47 clus e s iden i ied, 29 consis ed o only one
au ho , p omp ing us o ocus on clus e s wi h 5 o mo e au ho s o u he analysis. able 6 p o ides
de ails on he clus e ing ela ionships among au ho s, numbe o publica ions, a e age publica ion yea ,
and esea ch opics co e ed.
clus e 1 ( ed), led by Dwi edi, comp ises 11 au ho s. he a e age publica ion yea o a icles in his
clus e is 2021.64, wi h an a e age publica ion olume o 8.37, indica ing high p oduc i i y. Resea ch by
hese au ho s ocus on he implemen a ion o eme ging echnologies like ai and blockchain in business
se ings, alongside a ocus on consume beha io and ma ke ends.
clus e 2 (g een), led by gunaseka an, comp ises 7 au ho s. he a e age publica ion yea o a icles
by au ho s in his clus e is 2020.95, making i he clus e wi h he olde a e age publica ion yea . in
e ms o p oduc i i y, au ho s in his clus e publish an a e age o 6.43 pape s, which is lowe han o he
clus e s. hei esea ch ocuses on ad oca ing o an economic g ow h model o he ci cula economy,
wi h a pa icula in e es in explo ing how ai, big da a analy ics, and supply chain managemen echnol-
ogies can acili a e sus ainable business de elopmen .
clus e 3 (s eel blue), led by haenlein, is composed o 6 au ho s. he a e age publica ion yea o
a icles published by au ho s in his clus e is 2020.74, making i he oldes clus e in e ms o a e age
publica ion yea . Wi h an a e age o 8 pape s issued, his clus e demons a es high p oduc i i y. au ho s
in his clus e exhibi a pa icula ocus on p i acy conce ns and mo al and e hical implica ions ela ed
o he applica ion o ai, obo ics, and o he echnologies, dis inguishing hem om o he clus e s.
clus e 4 (yellow), led by Malik, comp ises 5 au ho s. he a e age publica ion yea o a icles by
au ho s in his clus e is 2022.12, making i he younges clus e . hese au ho s ha e been no ably ac i e
in ecen yea s, wi h an a e age publica ion yea o 2022. he a e age numbe o a icles published by
au ho s in his clus e is 7.2. hey excel in bibliome ic analysis, add essing no only human esou ce
managemen and employee expe ience enhancemen wi hin en e p ises bu also sus ainable inance in
socie y.
Table 4. op 10 ins i u ion s by numbe o published a icles in his ield.
Rank ins i u ion Coun y P C CCP Ls
1Hong Kong Poly ech uni China 62 2232 36.00 46
2Bucha es uni econ s udies Romania 55 59 1.07 8
3swansea uni B i ain. 32 1111 34.72 92
4nanyang echnol uni singapo e 31 719 23.19 19
5neoma Business sch F ance 31 812 26.19 71
6na l uni singapo e singapo e 29 1740 60.00 58
7uni Johannesbu g sou h a ica 29 822 28.34 52
8 Mi ame ica 26 829 31.88 10
9swinbu ne uni echnol aus alia 26 638 24.54 30
10 singhua uni China 25 357 14.28 13
No e: P = o al Publica ions; C = o al Ci a ions; CPP = Ci a ions pe Publica ion; CPP = o al Ci a ions / o al Publica ions; Ls = o al Link
s eng h.
cOgen BUsiness & ManageMen 7
clus e 5 (pu ple), led by Kie zmann, comp ises 5 au ho s wi h an a e age publica ion yea o 2021.15,
indica ing a ela i ely ma u e body o wo k. his clus e s ands ou o i s high p oduc i i y, wi h an
a e age o 9 pape s pe au ho . hei esea ch has signi ican ly con ibu ed o he ad ancemen o ai in
managemen , business, and applied psychology. hese au ho s specialize in machine lea ning, pa icu-
la ly in he ealms o ai-d i en B2B ma ke ing, he dissemina ion o ue and alse in o ma ion on social
media, and del ing in o he cus ome expe ience wi hin ma ke ing.
clus e 6 (aqua), ep esen ed by Wamba, comp ises 5 au ho s. he a e age publica ion yea o a icles
by hese au ho s is 2021.65. Wi h an a e age o 5.8 pape s published pe au ho , his clus e has he
Table 5. Landma k ai esea ch in managemen , business, and applied psychology.
Rank Yea i le au ho Jou nal C C/Y
1 2018 a i icial in elligence in
se ice
Huang, Ming-Hui; Rus ,
Roland .
Jou nal o se ice
Resea ch
777 155.40
2 2018 B a e new wo ld: se ice
obo s in he on line
Wi z, Jochen; Pa e son,
Paul g; Kunz, We ne
H.; e al.
Jou nal o se ice
Managemen
655 131.00
3 2018 Da a-d i en sma
manu ac u ing
ao, Fei; Qi, Qinglin; Liu,
ang; e al.
Jou nal o Manu ac u ing
sys ems
646 129.20
4 2013 applica ion o
decision-making
echniques in supplie
selec ion: a sys ema ic
e iew o li e a u e
Chai, Junyi; Liu, James
n. K; ngai, e ic W. .
expe sys ems wi h
applica ions
604 60.40
5 2004 C edi a ing analysis wi h
suppo ec o
machines and neu al
ne wo ks: a ma ke
compa a i e s udy
Huang, Z; Chen, Hc;
Hsu, Cj; e al.
Decision suppo
sys ems
595 31.32
6 2007 Yahoo! o amazon:
sen imen ex ac ion
om small alk on he
Web
Das, sanji R; Chen,
Mike Y.
Managemen science 593 37.06
7 2018 sma manu ac u ing Kusiak, and ew in e na ional jou nal o
P oduc ion Resea ch
587 117.40
8 2019 si i, si i, in my hand: Who’s
he ai es in he land?
on he in e p e a ions,
illus a ions, and
implica ions o a i icial
in elligence
Kaplan, and eas;
Haenlein, Michael
Business Ho izons 574 143.50
9 2019 Building dynamic
capabili ies o digi al
ans o ma ion: an
ongoing p ocess o
s a egic enewal
Wa ne , Ka s.R; Waege ,
Maximilian
Long Range Planning 552 138.00
10 2009 a su ey o dynamic
scheduling in
manu ac u ing sys ems
ouelhadj, Djamila;
Pe o ic, sanja
Jou nal o scheduling 547 39.07
11 2004a he s a e o he a o
nu se Ros e ing
Bu ke, ek; De
Causmaecke , P;
Vanden Be ghe, g;
e al.
Jou nal o scheduling 539 28.37
12 2017 he Fu u e o Re ailing g ewal, Dh u ;
Rogge een, anne L;
no d al , Jens
Jou nal o Re ailing 478 79.67
13 2021 Hunge games sea ch:
Visions, concep ion,
implemen a ion, deep
analysis, pe spec i es,
and owa ds
pe o mance shi s
Yang, Yu ao; Chen,
Huiling; Heida i, ali
asgha ; e al.
expe sys ems wi h
applica ions
462 231.00
14 2013 Failu e diagnosis using
deep belie lea ning
based heal h s a e
classi ica ion
amilsel an, P asanna;
Wang, Ping eng
Reliabili y enginee ing &
sys em sa e y
434 43.40
15 2020 How a i icial in elligence
will change he u u e
o ma ke ing
Da enpo , homas;
guha, abhiji ;
g ewal, Dh u ; e al.
Jou nal o he academy
o Ma ke ing science
420 140.00
C: o al Ci a ion; C/Y: Ci a ion pe yea .
14 P. liU e al.
equency o keywo d occu ence, while he lines be ween nodes signi y co-occu ence ela ionships
a he han causal connec ions. each clus e exhibi s unique cha ac e is ics wi hin he ne wo k.
opic clus e 1 ( ed) is known as ‘algo i hms and applica ions o Machine lea ning’. his clus e com-
p ises 25 keywo ds, wi h an a e age publica ion yea o 2016.88, placing i in he olde esea ch ield
among he ou clus e s. i co e s a ious common algo i hms in machine lea ning, including gene ic
algo i hms, deep lea ning, suppo ec o machines, and neu al ne wo ks. addi ionally, i includes p ac-
ical applica ions such as decision suppo , na u al language p ocessing, and p edic ion. gene ic algo-
i hms, neu al ne wo ks, suppo ec o machines, and decision suppo a e conside ed olde opics
wi hin his clus e , while deep lea ning, na u al language p ocessing, and p edic ion a e seen as newe .
Deep lea ning, a concep based on a i icial neu al ne wo ks, has demons a ed supe io pe o mance
compa ed o shallow machine lea ning models and adi ional da a analysis me hods in many scena ios,
pa ing he way o ad ancemen s in ai (Janiesch e al., 2021).
opic clus e 2 (g een) ocuses on ‘a i icial in elligence and Ma ke se ices’, encompassing 23
keywo ds. he clus e explo es he u iliza ion o ai echnology in a ious business sec o s like obo s,
social media, e-comme ce, and ma ke ing. no ably, obo s ea u e p ominen ly in discussions, pa ic-
ula ly in he con ex o ho el and ou ism managemen and b oade se ice indus ies (shin, 2022).
e hical conside a ions su ounding ai, including e hics, us , and p i acy, a e key a eas o in e es
wi hin his clus e . O hese, us and p i acy, a e eme ging opics. While ai ad ancemen s o e
subs an ial ad an ages o o ganiza ions, he apid expansion o ai p esen s no able challenges ela ed
o da a secu i y and p i acy (Villegas-ch & ga cía-O iz, 2023). Fu u e endea o s in ai echnology
mus p io i ize sa egua ding use p i acy and enhancing consume us . Despi e he inc easing
implemen a ion o obo s in cus ome se ice by businesses, conce ns pe sis ega ding consume
us and accep ance (P akash e al., 2023). go e nmen s play a c ucial ole in add essing da a p i acy
and secu i y conce ns in ai applica ions o ensu e ha ai se ices enhance con enience and e i-
ciency in ci izens’ li es (Kankanhalli e al., 2019). addi ionally, his clus e del es in o he consume
expe ience wi hin ai applica ions, examining aspec s like cus ome sa is ac ion and use accep ance.
O e all, he clus e ep esen s a ela i ely new a ea o s udy, wi h an a e age publica ion age o
2020.89.
opic clus e 3 (blue) ocuses on ‘Decision making, inno a ion, and Managemen ’, encompassing 22
keywo ds wi h an a e age publica ion yea o 2020.08. Rep esen a i e e ms include decision making,
inno a ion, pe o mance, and knowledge managemen , all c ucial in business o ganiza ions. While knowl-
edge managemen and decision making a e conside ed mo e es ablished opics, inno a ion and pe o -
mance a e seen as mo e ecen . Resea ch by Mikale and gup a (2021) highligh s he bene i s ai
echnology can b ing o o ganiza ional inno a ion and pe o mance, wi h ai capabili ies u he enhanc-
ing o ganiza ional inno a ion. addi ionally, he clus e explo es big da a and au oma ion echnologies.
Big da a is seen as a aluable esou ce o en e p ises, d i ing inno a ion in ai and enabling e icien
business ope a ions h ough da a analysis. au oma ion, pa icula ly in he se ice sec o , is shown o
boos p oduc i i y and mi iga e p oduc ion isks (Meye e al., 2020).
Clus e opic Links occu ences a g. pub. yea
4indus y 4.0 echnologies(yellow)
Big Da a analy ics 59 99 2021.57
Blockchain 61 119 2021.11
Co id-19 56 79 2021.71
Fin ech 47 53 2021.36
Heal h 56 80 2021.35
indus y 4.0 62 168 2021.26
in e ne 75 136 2020.62
io 61 126 2020.54
Li e a u e Re iew 72 79 2021.19
sCM 46 64 2019.75
secu i y 45 45 2021.13
supply Chain 53 73 2020.00
sus ainabili y 56 75 2021.61
sum 12112 2019.49
No e: a g. pub. Yea = a e age Publica ion Yea , ai = a i icial in elligence, DL = Deep Lea ning, Dss = Decision suppo sys ems, DX = Digi al ans o ma ion,
es = expe sys ems, ga = gene ic algo i hms, io = in e ne o hings, i = in o ma ion echnology, KM = Knowledge Managemen , ML = Machine
Lea ning, nLP = na u al Language P ocessing, nn = neu al ne wo ks, RL = Rein o cemen Lea ning, sVM = suppo Vec o Machines, sCM = supply Chain
Managemen .
Table 9. Con inued.
cOgen BUsiness & ManageMen 15
opic clus e 4 (yellow) is ‘indus y 4.0 echnologies’. he clus e has a o al o 13 keywo ds, and he
a e age publica ion yea is 2021.02. he clus e con ains many e ms ela ed o indus y 4.0, such as
big da a analy ics, blockchain, io , he e o e, he clus e heme is iden i ied as indus y 4.0 echnolo-
gies. in his clus e , big da a analy ics, blockchain a e ela i ely ‘newe ’ and he io is ela i ely ‘olde ’.
in he con ex o indus y 4.0, big da a analy ics echniques can be applied in many a eas o ope a ions
and supply chain managemen , such as supply chain isk in es iga ion (Wu e al., 2017), social and
en i onmen al sus ainabili y (Dubey e al., 2019), supply chain and o ganiza ional pe o mance
(gunaseka an e al., 2017). in eg a ion be ween blockchain and ai can enable mul iple pa ies o sha e
la ge amoun s o da a o analysis, lea ning, and decision making wi hou a cen al au ho i y o
hi d-pa y in e media y (cha les e al., 2023). he in eg a ion o io and ai plays an impo an ole in
he digi al de elopmen o en e p ises, p o iding many oppo uni ies o echnological inno a ion,
sigo e al. (2022) p edic ha indus y 4.0 will con inue o adop cu ing-edge echnologies, and ai
echnology will d i e scien i ic and echnological inno a ion and con inue o con ibu e signi ican ly o
he de elopmen o indus y 4.0 in he u u e. he clus e also inco po a es concep s o science and
echnology de elopmen , such as secu i y and sus ainabili y. sus ainabili y is essen ial o he main e-
nance o he ea h’s ecosys ems and an ideal quali y o li e o humans (ca adonna, 2022; gla ič &
lukman, 2007). P e ious indus ial e olu ions ha e bo h di ec ly and indi ec ly led o majo changes
in he economy, en i onmen and socie y, making he sus ainabili y impac o indus y 4.0 widely con-
ce ned by schola s (ghobakhloo, 2020). O e all, he clus e is ela i ely ‘newe ’, wi h none o he hemes
being ‘olde ’.
3.6. O e lay isualiza ion o keywo ds o e ime
o ack he ajec o y and ends o ai echnology o e ime, examining he e olu ion o keywo ds
h ough o e lay isualiza ion can be insigh ul. in 2009, he e was a no able ocus on expe sys ems and
case-based easoning in schola ly esea ch (e.g. Faez e al., 2009; si akami & Ka hikeyan, 2009).
subsequen ly, in 2012, a en ion shi ed owa ds decision suppo sys ems, gene ic algo i hms, and uzzy
logic (e.g. sha iei e al., 2012; Vinodh & Vimal, 2012). By 2015, schola s we e del ing in o knowledge
managemen and da a mining (e.g. Bole e al., 2015; Yang & Ying, 2015), while 2016 saw a su ge in
s udies ela ed o neu al ne wo ks and suppo ec o machines (e.g. Becke e al., 2016; guan e al.,
2016). in 2017, ai in eg a ed applica ions and ein o cemen lea ning gained ac ion in esea ch (e.g.
Fe e i e al., 2017; li e al., 2017). hese signi ican keywo ds a e highligh ed in pu ple in Figu e 7.
Figu e 7. empo al mapping o Keywo ds.
16 P. liU e al.
a ound 2019, he applica ion o ai echnology in en e p ises became inc easingly widesp ead, encom-
passing e ms like supply chain managemen , io , in e ne , digi aliza ion, obo , and big da a. By 2020,
wi h he ad ancemen o scien i ic and echnological inno a ion, new e ms such as e-comme ce, ou -
ism, managemen , pe o mance, ma ke s, ma ke ing, decision making, and emo ion signi ied he b oad
u iliza ion o ai in managemen , business science, and applied psychology. Mo ing in o 2021, keywo ds
like us , secu i y, and p i acy indica e a g owing conce n among esea che s and p ac i ione s ega d-
ing sa egua ding p i acy, da a secu i y, and o he secu i y issues in he ace o expanding ai echnology
and da a gene a ion. addi ionally, sus ainabili y and no el co ona i us pneumonia eme ge as ocal poin s
o schola s du ing his pe iod. Finally, in 2022, he appea ance o keywo ds like explainable ai, inancial
pe o mance, and oice assis an s e lec s he eme gence o in e p e able a i icial in elligence aimed a
enhancing use unde s anding and u iliza ion o ai echnology ac oss a ious domains such as in elligen
assis an s and inance o suppo in o med decision-making.
4. Discussion
4.1. Con ibu ion
Ou esea ch aims o conduc a ho ough and sys ema ic e iew o ai esea ch in he domains o man-
agemen , business, and applied psychology using bibliome ic me hods. his analysis seeks o p o ide
insigh s in o he cu en s a e o he ield’s pe o mance and in ellec ual s uc u e o bo h esea che s
and p ac i ione s. By examining 5,561 a icles om he Web o science co e collec ion da abase, we
explo e a ious aspec s such as he ocus o cu en ai esea ch, op jou nals, coun ies, au ho s, and
ins i u ions, in luen ial s udies, au ho collabo a ion ne wo ks, key au ho s and jou nals, keywo d
co-occu ence, and he con ex ual de elopmen o ai esea ch. h ough his s udy, we con ibu e o ou
key a eas.
Fi s o all, his pape p o ides an in-dep h analysis and an o e iew o esea che s o unde s and he
la es esea ch s a us o ai in he ields o managemen , business, and applied psychology. i is di e en
om p e ious quan i a i e analyses o ai esea ch ocusing on a speci ic ield (a senyan & Piepenb ink,
2024;; Ma iani e al., 2023), as his s udy analyzed 5,561 a icles ela ed o ai in he ields o manage-
men , business, and applied psychology om he Web o science co e collec ion da abase, and e ealed
he o e all pic u e o esea ch on ai and en e p ise o ganiza ions. speci ically, ou esea ch: (1) analyzed
jou nals ( able 1), au ho s ( able 2), coun ies ( able 3), and ins i u ions ( able 4) con ibu e mos o ai
esea ch in managemen , business, and applied psychology, as well as wha a e he iconic and in luen ial
s udies ( able 5). (2) Disco e ed he mos in luen ial jou nals in he ields o managemen , business and
applied psychology ( able 7 and Figu e 4). (3) iden i ied he co e and mos in luen ial au ho s o ai
esea ch in he ields o managemen , business, and applied psychology ( able 8 and Figu e 5). (4)
Re ealed he knowledge s uc u e o ai esea ch in managemen , business, and applied psychology
( able 9 and Figu e 6).
second, his s udy del es in o he knowledge s uc u e o ai esea ch wi hin he ealms o business,
managemen , and applied psychology, enhancing esea che s’ comp ehension o he cu en landscape
o ai esea ch. he indings sugges ha cu en ai esea ch can be ca ego ized in o ou clus e s: algo-
i hms and applica ions o machine lea ning, ai and ma ke se ices, decision making, inno a ion and
managemen , and indus y 4.0 echnologies. he i s clus e encompasses undamen al ai echnologies
like uzzy logic, gene ic algo i hms, machine lea ning, and neu al ne wo ks, se ing as he ounda ion o
ai implemen a ion ac oss a ious sec o s. he second clus e explo es ai’s ole in ma ke se ices, includ-
ing consume se ices, e-comme ce, and obo ics. he hi d clus e ocuses on decision making, inno a-
ion, and managemen in ela ion o big da a analysis, digi al ans o ma ion, and in o ma ion sys ems.
las ly, he indus y 4.0 echnologies clus e co e s echnologies pe inen o indus y 4.0 and hei p ac-
ical applica ions, such as blockchain, cloud compu ing, indus ial in e ne o hings, and simula ion
echnologies.
in addi ion, ai, as a apidly e ol ing ield, has gained signi ican a en ion in ecen yea s due o i s
in e disciplina y na u e. h ough ou analysis o he ai knowledge g aph, esea che s ha e he oppo u-
ni y o anscend adi ional esea ch bounda ies and os e collabo a ion be ween di e se a eas o s udy.
cOgen BUsiness & ManageMen 17
Fo ins ance, by in eg a ing ai, indus y 4.0, and deep lea ning, esea che s can explo e new a enues o
esea ch. Ou examina ion o he knowledge s uc u e o ai in business, managemen , and applied psy-
chology o e s a comp ehensi e ounda ion and oadmap o esea che s looking o engage in in e dis-
ciplina y esea ch.
hi d, by disco e ing he e olu ion o di e en esea ch opics ela ed o ai in he ields o manage-
men , business, and applied psychology, we iden i y se e al new ends in u u e ai esea ch and con-
ibu e o he u u e di ec ion o academic de elopmen . Ou analysis o keywo d a e age yea s o
publica ion and o e lay isualiza ions shed ligh on he ajec o y and ends o di e en esea ch opics.
We ound ha expe sys ems and case-based easoning s udies (e.g. choy & lee, 2003; Ruiz-Mezcua
e al., 2011) we e he ea ly ocus o esea che s in managemen , business, and applied psychology. la e ,
esea che s shi ed hei ocus o opics such as gene ic algo i hms, da a mining, neu al ne wo ks, sup-
po ec o machines, deep lea ning, and in eg a ed applica ions o ai (e.g. Fu e al., 2013; s e ano ic,
2015; Za ei iou & Kalles, 2013; li e al., 2015; Ba hla e al., 2019). Resea che s hen shi ed hei ocus o
cu en opics such as pe cep ion, pe sonali y, big da a analy ics, sus ainabili y, p i acy, indus y 4.0, and
explainable ai (e.g. alsubhi e al., 2023; ho man e al., 2022; hu & Min, 2023; Panța & Popescu, 2023;
Rosá io & Dias, 2022; Yigi canla e al., 2023). his shows ha he ocus o esea che s in he ields o
managemen , business, and applied psychology has g adually shi ed o issues such as human cogni ion
and beha io al abili y in he applica ion o ai in indus y 4.0, as well as sus ainable de elopmen , which
is also he end o ai esea ch and applica ion. Fu he mo e, ou esea ch highligh s a ising emphasis
among esea che s and p ac i ione s on da a secu i y, p i acy, and us , despi e he widesp ead applica-
bili y and u ili y o ai ac oss a ious indus ies.
4.2 Limi a ions and u u e esea ch
like all s udies, ou esea ch has limi a ions ha mus be acknowledged. Fi s ly, we only collec ed li e -
a u e om he Web o science da abase, po en ially missing ai li e a u e no indexed in WOs. he e o e,
esea che s should in e p e ou indings in he con ex o ou sample. in he u u e, expanding he
sea ch o include mo e da abases like scopus could enhance he scope. secondly, while ou s udy p o-
ides aluable insigh s in o he esea ch landscape and e olu ion o ai in managemen , business, and
applied psychology, ou bibliome ic app oach did no allow o de ailed analysis o domain-speci ic op-
ics wi hin hese ields. his highligh s he need o u u e esea ch o del e deepe in o hese a eas.
las ly, as ou s udy is explo a o y and based on bibliome ic me hods, u u e esea ch designs, such as
me a-analyses, a e necessa y o p o ide mo e conclusi e esul s.
5. Conclusion
ai is inc easingly being applied in o ganiza ions, making i a cu en esea ch ocus. howe e , he e is a
lack o comp ehensi e bibliome ic s udies o unco e he cu en s a e and u u e ends o ai esea ch
in hese ields. his s udy aims o ill his gap by analyzing ai publica ions om he Web o science
da abase in managemen , business, and applied psychology. he isualiza ion ool VOS iewe was used
o iden i y in luen ial jou nals, au ho s, and publica ions, and o analyze au ho coope a ion, co-ci a ion,
and keywo d co-occu ence ne wo ks. hese analyses no only illumina e he undamen al opics bu also
iden i y he esea ch di ec ions o ai esea ch. Ou indings sugges ha esea che s can ocus on human
cogni ion, beha io al abili y, da a secu i y, p i acy, us , cus ome se ice, social media, big da a analy -
ics, in ech, heal h, dynamic capabili ies, and sus ainable de elopmen , which a e he eme ging ends in
ai esea ch and applica ion ac oss a ious indus ies. O e all, building on hese indings, he s udy p o-
poses u u e esea ch agendas, p o iding schola s wi h a sys ema ic unde s anding o he cu en esea ch
landscape and i s e ol ing ends.
No e
1. in o ma ion was e ie ed om (accessed June 2, 2023): h p://www.isiwebo knowledge.com.
18 P. liU e al.
Au ho con ibu ions
Yangjie lai was in ol ed in analysis and in e p e a ion o he da a, and he d a ing o he pape . Peng liu was
in ol ed in he concep ion and design. Dege liu con ibu ed o c i ical e ision o he d a ing o he pape .
he au ho s ensu e ha all lis ed au ho s mee he c i e ia o au ho ship as pe he icMJe guidelines. all au ho s
ag ee o be accoun able o all aspec s o he wo k, and all au ho s app o ed he inal manusc ip and published
e sion.
Disclosu e s a emen
he au ho s decla e ha he esea ch was conduc ed in he absence o any comme cial o inancial ela ionships
ha could be cons ued as a po en ial con lic o in e es .
Funding
his esea ch was suppo ed by he MOe (Minis y o educa ion in china) P ojec o humani ies and social sciences
[g an iD: 20YJa630044].
Abou he au ho s
Peng Liu, PhD, is assis an p o esso o he school o Managemen a guangzhou Uni e si y, guangzhou, china. he
ecei ed his PhD om he chinese academy o sciences Uni e si y in Managemen . his a ea o esea ch in e es is
a i icial in elligence and ma ke ing.
Yangjie Lai, is an unde g adua e s uden o he school o Managemen a guangzhou Uni e si y, guangzhou, china.
he a ea o esea ch in e es is a i icial in elligence in o ganiza ion.
Dege Liu, PhD, he co esponding au ho , is associa e p o esso o he school o Managemen a guangzhou
Uni e si y, guangzhou, china. he ecei ed his PhD om he sun Ya -sen Uni e si y in Managemen . his a eas o
esea ch in e es a e leade ship, na cissism, en y and being en ied, a i icial in elligence in o ganiza ion.
ORCID
Dege liu h p://o cid.o g/0000-0001-8997-786X
Da a a ailabili y s a emen
he Da a gene a ed du ing he cu en s udy a e a ailable om he co esponding au ho (Dege liu) on easonable
eques .
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