Klesel, Michael; Messe , Uwe
Wo king Pape
Subs an i e use o a i icial in elligence: The ole o
indi idual di e ences
Wo king Pape s, No. 32
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
Facul y o Business and Law, F ank u Uni e si y o Applied Sciences
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Klesel, Michael; Messe , Uwe (2024) : Subs an i e use o a i icial in elligence:
The ole o indi idual di e ences, Wo king Pape s, No. 32, F ank u Uni e si y o Applied Sciences,
Fachbe eich 3: Wi scha und Rech , F ank u a. M.,
h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/8d9d-b049
This Ve sion is a ailable a :
h ps://hdl.handle.ne /10419/306858
S anda d-Nu zungsbedingungen:
Die Dokumen e au EconS o dü en zu eigenen wissenscha lichen
Zwecken und zum P i a geb auch gespeiche und kopie we den.
Sie dü en die Dokumen e nich ü ö en liche ode komme zielle
Zwecke e iel äl igen, ö en lich auss ellen, ö en lich zugänglich
machen, e eiben ode ande wei ig nu zen.
So e n die Ve asse die Dokumen e un e Open-Con en -Lizenzen
(insbesonde e CC-Lizenzen) zu Ve ügung ges ell haben soll en,
gel en abweichend on diesen Nu zungsbedingungen die in de do
genann en Lizenz gewäh en Nu zungs ech e.
Te ms o use:
Documen s in EconS o may be sa ed and copied o you pe sonal
and schola ly pu poses.
You a e no o copy documen s o public o comme cial pu poses, o
exhibi he documen s publicly, o make hem publicly a ailable on he
in e ne , o o dis ibu e o o he wise use he documen s in public.
I he documen s ha e been made a ailable unde an Open Con en
Licence (especially C ea i e Commons Licences), you may exe cise
u he usage igh s as speci ied in he indica ed licence.
h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Subs an i e Use o A ificial
In elligence:
The Role o Indi idual Diffe ences
Michael Klesel
Uwe Messe
Wo king Pape s
Fachbe eich Wi scha und Rech
F ank u Uni e si y o Applied Sciences
www. ank u -uni e si y.de/ b3
Sep embe 2024
ISSN-N . 2702-5802
DOI:h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/8d9d-b049
N . 32
Fachbe eich 3
Wi scha und Rech | Business and Law
1
Das U hebe ech lieg bei den Au o *innen.
Wo king Pape s des Fachbe eichs Wi scha und Rech de F ank u Uni e si y o Applied Sciences
dienen de Ve b ei ung on Fo schungse gebnissen aus lau enden A bei en im Vo eld eine
spä e en Publika ion. Sie sollen den Ideenaus ausch und die akademische Deba e be ö de n. Die
Zugänglichmachung on Fo schungse gebnissen in einem Fachbe eichs Wo king Pape is nich
gleichzuse zen mi de en endgül ige Ve ö en lichung und s eh de Publika ion an ande em O und
in ande e Fo m ausd ücklich nich en gegen.
Wo king Pape s, die om Fachbe eich Wi scha und Rech he ausgegeben we den, geben die
Ansich en des/de jeweiligen Au o *innen wiede und nich die de gesam en Ins i u ion des
Fachbe eichs Wi scha und Rech ode de F ank u Uni e si y o Applied Sciences.
Bi e zi ie en als:
Klesel, Michael; Messe , Uwe (2024): Subs an i e Use o A ificial In elligence: The Role o Indi idual
Di e ences. Wo king Pape N . 32 des Fachbe eichs 3 Wi scha und Rech . F ank u Uni e si y o
Applied Sciences. h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/8d9d-b049
F ank u Uni e si y o Applied Sciences
Fachbe eich 3: Wi scha und Rech
Nibelungenpla z 1
2
Abs ac English
A ificial in elligence (AI) is becoming inc easingly powe ul, enabling use s o pe o m asks mo e
e icien ly and e ec i ely. Howe e , no all use s a e equally able o ake ad an age o i s capabili ies.
We d aw on p e ious li e a u e ha has in oduced he concep o “subs an i e use” – he eflec i e
conside a ion o how o use a sys em's ea u es – o be e unde s and indi idual di e ences in he
con ex o AI. We con ibu e o he cu en li e a u e in h ee ways: Fi s , we summa ize he li e a u e
on echnology use and desc ibe i s ele ance o AI- ela ed esea ch. Second, we e iew he
li e a u e and show ha IS has al eady begun o in es iga e indi idual di e ences o unde s and he
use o AI sys ems. Thi d, we p opose a heo e ical model ha accoun s o he di ec and
configu a ional e ec s o indi idual di e ences on subs an i e use beha io .
Abs ac Deu sch
Küns liche In elligenz (KI) wi d imme leis ungs ähige und e möglich es den Nu ze n, Au gaben
e izien e und e ek i e auszu üh en. Alle dings sind nich alle Benu ze gleiche maßen in de Lage,
diese Fähigkei en zu nu zen. Wi s ü zen uns au ühe e Li e a u , die das Konzep "subs an i e use"
einge üh ha – die Übe legung, wie die Funk ionen eines Sys ems genu z we den können –, um
indi iduelle Un e schiede im Kon ex on KI besse zu e s ehen. Wi agen au d ei A en zu
ak uellen Li e a u bei: E s ens assen wi die Li e a u zu Nu zung on Technologie zusammen und
besch eiben ih e Rele anz ü die KI-bezogene Fo schung. Zwei ens sehen wi die bes ehende
Li e a u du ch und zeigen, dass die Fo schung im Be eich Wi scha sin o ma ik be ei s dami
begonnen ha , indi iduelle Un e schiede zu un e suchen, um die Nu zung on KI-Sys emen zu
e s ehen. D i ens schlagen wi ein heo e isches Modell o , das die di ek en und konfigu a i en
Auswi kungen indi iduelle Un e schiede au „subs an i e use“ be ücksich ig .
3
Inhal s e zeichnis / Table o Con en s
1. In oduc ion ................................................................................................................ 4
2. Rela ed Wo k .............................................................................................................. 4
2.1. Concep ualiza ions o sys em use cons uc ........................................................... 4
2.2. Sys em Use wi h AI echnologies ............................................................................ 5
2.3. Indi idual Di e ences ............................................................................................ 7
3. Me hodology ............................................................................................................... 8
3.1. S uc u ed Li e a u e Re iew .................................................................................. 8
3.2. Resul s ................................................................................................................. 9
4. Discussion ................................................................................................................ 10
5. Ou look .................................................................................................................... 11
6. Re e ences ............................................................................................................... 12
Abbildungs e zeichnis
Figu e 1: An Example o an AI-based F aud-De ec ion Dashboa d ........................................... 6
Figu e 2: An In eg a ed Model o Subs an i e Use and T ai s .................................................. 10
Tabellen e zeichnis / Lis o Tables
Table 1: O e iew Concep ualiza ions o Technology Usage ................................................... 5
Table 2: G oup cha ac e is ics ............................................................................................. 8
Table 3: Resul s o he Li e a u e Re iew ............................................................................... 9
4
1. In oduc ion
I is ha d o o e s a e he impac o machine lea ning (ML) and a ificial in elligence (AI) in academia
and in p ac ice. In In o ma ion Sys ems (IS) esea ch, se e al AI- ela ed special issues ha e been
published (Be en e e al., 2021; Benbya, S ich and Tamm, 2024), and all leading con e ences,
including he “In e na ional Con e ence on Wi scha sin o ma ik”, ha e add essed he impac o AI
in a ious domains, such as i s impac on human-compu e -in e ac ion.
A undamen al p omise o cu en ad ances o AI is he inc ease in pe o mance. F om a
echnological pe spec i e, his p og ess is well documen ed. Mode n machine lea ning models
exceed he pe o mance o p e ious gene a ion by a . Fo example, he cu en e sion o GPT
ou pe o ms i s p edecesso s in many ways. Simila ly, he cu en li e a u e has shown how ML and
AI can be used o c ea e business alue (Shollo e al., 2022).
Despi e all he op imism su ounding AI, he IS li e a u e o da e has epea edly shown ha
echnology canno be used equally by all indi iduals. In ac , mos e-sea ch sugges s ha he e a e
significan indi idual di e ences when i comes o echnology use. Fo example, s udies ha e shown
ha indi idual ai s such as being mind ul wi h IT, a e significan ly ela ed o echnology adop ion
(Tha che e al., 2018). Howe e , ou li e a u e e iew (see Sec ion 3) shows ha he e is a pauci y o
esea ch ha has in eg a ed he e ec s o indi idual di e ences wi h subs an i e use o echnology
wi h AI. As a esul , he e is a lack o heo e ical knowledge o in o m how o p omo e subs an i e
use o AI o how o suppo indi iduals who s uggle o do so.
We seek o add ess his impo an issue and con ibu e o he exis ing li e a u e in h ee ways: Fi s ,
we e iew he exis ing li e a u e on echnology use and iden i y he concep ualiza ion o subs an i e
use as he mos p omising o heo izing in he field o AI. Second, we consolida e he cu en
li e a u e on indi idual di e ence ai s and iden i y hose mos ele an o AI esea ch. Finally, we
p opose a concep ual ame-wo k ha allows schola s o s udy subs an i e use beha io o AI.
In eg a ing p e ious li e a u e, ou concep ual model in eg a es wo mechanisms: 1) isola ed impac
o indi idual di e ence ai s on subs an i e use, and 2) configu a ional impac o indi idual
di e ence ai s on subs an i e use.
The pape is s uc u ed as ollows: In sec ion 2.1, we e iew p e ious li e a u e ha has
concep ualized sys em use in o de o iden i y he mos p omising concep ualiza ion o he domain
o AI. In sec ion 2.2, we demons a e he sui abili y o subs an i e use o echnology h ough an
example in he applica ion o Explainable AI (XAI). Sec ion 3.3 is de o ed o p e ious li e a u e on
indi idual di e ences. In sec ion 3, we will p esen he me hodological app oach used o e iew he
cu en li e a u e on he in e sec ion o AI use and indi idual di e ences. We discuss he esul s o
his s udy in sec ion 4 and p o ide an ou look o u u e esea ch in sec ion 5.
2. Rela ed Wo k
2.1. Concep ualiza ions o sys em use cons uc
The “(sys em) usage” cons uc is a guably one o he mos widely dissemina ed cons uc in IS
esea ch. I is he undamen al dependen a iable in he echnology accep ance and adop ion
s eam (Venka esh e al., 2003) and has been applied in a ious domains and wi h di e en
applica ions (Venka esh, Thong and Xu, 2016). I has also unde gone a ious econcep ualiza ions
ha ecognize he ichness o he cons uc . Fo ins ance, i has been shown ha sys em use can be
measu ed wi h di e en deg ees o ichness, ecognizing h ee domains: use , ask, and sys em (Bu -
on-Jones and S aub, 2006). This concep ualiza ion has pa ed he way o mo e comp ehensi e
concep ualiza ions o (sys em) use. O he s udies ha e sugges ed ha echnology use is bes
unde s ood when i is concep ualized as in e ac ion beha io , which has been concep ualized as a
use- ela ed ac i i y (Ba ki, Ti ah and Bo o, 2007). O he s ha e emphasized how ea u es o a
5
pa icula echnology a e used (Jaspe son, Ca e , and Zmud, 2005), wi h a pa icula ocus on how
use s change hei IT use a e he adop ion phase (Bagayogo, Lapoin e and Bassellie , 2014). To
be e unde s and how and why use s use specific ea u es o an in o ma ion sys em, he concep
o adap i e use has been p oposed and e alua ed (Sun, 2012). Mo e ecen ly, i has also been a gued
ha he use cons uc should be s udied beyond a specific domain, such as he wo k domain, and
ins ead should be concep ualized as an o e a ching cons uc ha spans mul iple domains. Fo his
eason, he no ion o ansg essi e use has been sugges ed (Klesel e al., 2017). An o e iew o
concep ualiza ions o echnology use is p o ided in Table 1.
Concep Me hod
Technology
Subs an i e use beha io
(Jaspe son, Ca e and Zmud, 2005)
Concep ual No speci ic echnology
Sys em usage
(Bu on-Jones and S aub, 2006)
Su ey Mic oso Excel
IS- ela ed ac i i y
(Ba ki, Ti ah and Bo o, 2007)
Su ey No speci ic echnology
Adap i e use
(Sun, 2012)
Su ey Mic oso O ice
Enhanced use
(Bagayogo, Lapoin e and Bassellie ,
2014)
G ounded Theo y No speci ic echnology
T ansg essi e use
(Klesel e al., 2017)
Case S udy No speci ic echnology
Table 1: O e iew Concep ualiza ions o Technology Usage
Mos s udies ha ha e examined he na u e o sys em use ha e aken a echnology-agnos ic
pe spec i e o ha e ocused on Mic oso O ice p oduc s such as Mic oso Excel. While hese
concep ualiza ions a guably ha e a di e en emphasis on specific aspec s, mos concep s allow o
a mo e nuanced pe spec i e on how indi iduals use echnology wi h espec o specific ea u es.
This is made e y explici in he no ion o subs an i e use (Jaspe son, Ca e and Zmud, 2005),
adap i e use (Sun, 2012), and he no ion o enhanced use o echnology (Bagayogo, Lapoin e and
Bassellie , 2014), whe e he au ho s examine specific ea u es o a class o sys ems.
While we acknowledge ha he e is an ongoing discou se on he concep ualiza ion o one o he
mos undamen al cons uc s o he IS discipline, we also no e ha he e is only li le esea ch
a ailable ha has e-e alua ed he sui abili y o cu en concep ualiza ions wi h mode n
echnologies such as AI. Fo his eason, we will now e iew why AI is a class o sys ems ha equi es
a con ex ualized o m o he use cons uc .
2.2. Sys em Use wi h AI echnologies
In a numbe o s udies, au ho s ha e a gued ha AI sys ems ha e dis inc cha ac e is ics ha
dis inguish hem om exis ing sys ems. Resea ch has also shown ha people con on ed wi h AI a e
o en influenced by wha is known as “algo i hm a e sion” (Tu el and Kalhan, 2023). Consequen ly,
6
i has been a gued ha new ways o managing AI is needed o ealize he po en ial o AI echnologies
in o ganiza ions (Be en e e al., 2021).
IT managemen can be s udied om di e en le els, which means ha he in es iga ion o AI can
also be conduc ed wi h a ocus on he en i e o ganiza ion o a he indi idual le el. While he e is a
ich body o knowledge ha in es iga es IT managemen a he fi m le el (Li e al., 2021), mos
esea ch on adop ion akes an indi idual pe spec i e. In pa icula , esea ch ha ocusing on
human-compu e -in e ac ion is ypically conduc ed a he indi idual le el. The e o e, in he
ollowing, we also ocus on he indi idual le el.
AI echnologies a e ubiqui ous and can be ound in a wide ange o applica ions. The e o e, we use a
specific human-compu e in e ace (HCI) example which is used o demons a e ha a specific
con ex ualiza ion o he use cons uc is equi ed. We use a simplified AI-based aud de ec ion
dashboa d ha allows use s o iden i y audulen documen s (see Figu e 1). While his example is
simplified, i con ains all basic and necessa y componen s. I includes a machine lea ning model
(i.e., o classifica ion) and an Explainable AI (XAI) componen ha allows use s o lea n mo e
in o ma ion abou he decision made by he sys em. In his case, wo ds ha inc ease he likelihood
o a aud case a e highligh ed ( ed, unde lined). This ype o dashboa d has p e iously been
de eloped and e alua ed in he IS li e a u e o s udy ha e speech (Meske and Bunde, 2022), diabe es
sel -managemen (Van De Waa e al., 2021), and signa u e o ge y de ec ion (Hamm e al., 2023).
The XAI module is mos commonly implemen ed using SHapley Addi i e exPlana ion (SHAP alues)
(Lundbe g and Lee, 2017; Lundbe g e al., 2020).
Figu e 1: An Example o an AI-based F aud-De ec ion Dashboa d
Gi en he p io li e a u e on algo i hmic a e sion, he use o an AI-based dash-boa d may a y
significan ly om use o use . Fo example, a use may comple ely dis us he sys em and igno e i
al oge he . Al e na i ely, a use may be guided by a so-called au oma ion bias and use he
in o ma ion p o ided wi hou u he elabo a ion. To concep ualize he use o AI, we d aw on p e ious
li e a u e. In pa icula , we acknowledge he no ion ha sys em use is an in e play be ween a use , a
ask, and an (AI) sys em (Bu on-Jones and S aub, 2006). Fu he mo e, we adap he no ion o
subs an i e use (Jaspe son, Ca e and Zmud, 2005), which is defined as “an indi idual’s eflec i e
conside a ion o use a single ea u e (o a selec subse o ea u es) a ailable in an IT applica ion”
(Jaspe son, Ca e and Zmud, 2005, p. 535). In he con ex o ou example, he delibe a e use o he
XAI componen would be conside ed as an example o subs an i e use.
The e a e a leas wo undamen al easons why we a gue ha a subs an i e use o an AI-based
sys em is p e e able: Fi s , he li e a u e has shown ha engaged beha io leads o posi i e
ou comes. Fo example, a mind ul use o echnology has been shown o be posi i ely associa ed
wi h ou come a iables (Tha che e al., 2018). As a esul , subs an i e use o an AI sys em is
7
p e e able. Second, p io li e a u e has shown ha use s who a e no engaged a e mo e likely o
p oduce e o s (Reason, 1990). This is pa icula ly ele an o AI applica ions, because hey a e
o en used o suppo decision making in high-s akes si ua ions, such as diagnos ic decisions in
medical con ex s (Jussupow e al., 2021).
The e is p elimina y e idence ha he use o AI dashboa ds is influenced by con ex ual a iables. In
he field o XAI, i has been shown ha he e a e di e ences in ou come a iables depending on he
ype o XAI (Van De Waa e al., 2021). O he s ha e shown ha socio-demog aphic a iables a e also
ele an when i comes o how use s engage wi h AI-based sys ems (Hamm e al., 2023). Howe e ,
he e is a significan gap in e ms o a comp ehensi e unde s anding o he ela i e impo ance o
con ex ual a iables and hei impac on AI use. Agains his backg ound, we p oceed wi h a e iew
o indi idual di e ences ha allows o add ess his gap.
2.3. Indi idual Di e ences
Indi idual di e ences a e ela i ely s able cha ac e is ics o indi iduals ha pe sis ac oss ime and
con ex , al hough s abili y does no imply ha hey a e unchangeable (Sacke e al., 2017).
Di e en ial psychology has adi ionally s udied indi idual di e ences and hei assessmen . He e,
we ocus on he mos impo an among hese ai s. Howe e , de e mining he numbe o ai s ha
exis is no a s aigh o wa d ask. The e a e mo e han se e al hund ed ai s, some o which ha e
been labeled di e en ly by di e en esea che s and esea ch adi ions, e en hough hey a e
essen ially e y simila (Coope , 2019). T ai axonomies ha e been de eloped o o ganize findings in
he field. One o he mos well-known models is he Big Fi e ac- o model o pe sonali y. In his
model, pe sonali y is di ided in o fi e highe o de ac o s, including conscien iousness and
ag eeableness, which a e u he di ided in o lowe o de ace s (C owe, Lynam and Mille , 2017).
The mos commonly s udied disposi ional cha ac e is ics include abili y, in e es , and pe sonali y
(Lubinsky, 2000).
To iden i y he mos impo an o hese ai s, we e iewed s udies published in leading di e en ial
psychology jou nals, including he “Jou nal o Pe sonali y and Social Psychology”, “Pe sonali y and
Indi idual Di e ences”, and “Psychological Bulle in”. By excluding ai s un ela ed o echnology use
(e.g., psychopa hological ai s, oca ional in e es s, and psychomo o abili ies), we na owed he
ai s o a manageable numbe and a i ed a a lis o six ai s (see Table 2).
14
Rabl, T., Pe zsche, V., Baum, M., and F anzke, S. (2023), 'Can suppo by digi al echnologies
s imula e in ap eneu ial beha iou ? The mode a ing ole o managemen suppo o
inno a ion and in ap eneu ial sel ‐e icacy', In o ma ion Sys ems Jou nal, 33(3), 567-597.
Reason, J. T. (1990) Human E o . Camb idge; New Yo k: Camb idge Uni e si y P ess.
Sacke , P. R., Lie ens, F., Van Iddekinge, C. H., and Kuncel, N. R. (2017), 'Indi idual di e ences
and hei measu emen : A e iew o 100 yea s o esea ch', Jou nal o Applied Psychology,
102(3), 254.
Salgado, J. F., Ande son, N., Moscoso, S., Be ua, C., and De F uy , F. (2003), 'In e na ional alidi y
gene aliza ion o GMA and cogni i e abili ies: A Eu opean Communi y me a‐analysis',
Pe sonnel Psychology, 56(3), 573-605.
Salgado, J. F., Ande son, N., Moscoso, S., Be ua, C., De F uy , F., and Rolland, J. P. (2003), 'A
me a-analy ic s udy o gene al men al abili y alidi y o di e en occupa ions in he
Eu opean communi y', Jou nal o applied psychology, 88(6), 1068.
Schwa ze , R., and Je usalem, M. (1995), 'Gene alized sel -e icacy scale', in J. Weinman, S.
W igh , & M. Johns on (eds.), Measu es in heal h psychology: A use ’s po olio. Causal and
con ol belie s, 35, 37.
Shollo, A. e al. (2022) ‘Shi ing Ml Value C ea ion Mechanisms: A P ocess Model o Ml Value
C ea ion’, The Jou nal o S a egic In o ma ion Sys ems, 31(3), p. 101734. doi:
10.1016/j.jsis.2022.101734.
S ein, J. P., Liebold, B., and Ohle , P. (2019), 'S ay back, cle e hing! Linking si ua ional con ol and
human uniqueness conce ns o he a e sion agains au onomous echnology', Compu e s
in Human Beha io , 95, 73-82.
Sun (2012) ‘Unde s anding Use Re isions When Using In o ma ion Sys em Fea u es: Adap i e
Sys em Use and T igge s’, MIS Qua e ly, 36(2), p. 453. doi: 10.2307/41703463.
Tha che , J. B. e al. (2018) ‘Mind ulness in in o ma ion echnology use: de ini ions, dis inc ions,
and a new measu e’, MIS Qua e ly, 42(3), pp. 831–847. doi: 10.25300/MISQ/2018/11881.
Tu el, O. and Kalhan, S. (2023) ‘P ejudiced Agains he Machine? Implici Associa ions and he
T ansience o Algo i hm A e sion’, MIS Qua e ly, 47(4), pp. 1369–1394.
doi: 10.25300/MISQ/2022/17961.
Van De Waa, J. e al. (2021) ‘E alua ing XAI: A Compa ison o Rule-Based and Example-Based
Explana ions’, A i icial In elligence, 291, p. 103404. doi: 10.1016/j.a in .2020.103404.
VandenBos, G. R. (2007), APA dic iona y o psychology, Ame ican Psychological Associa ion.
Venka esh, V. e al. (2003) ‘Use Accep ance o In o ma ion Technology: Towa d a Uni ied View’,
MIS Qua e ly, 27(3), pp. 425–478. doi: 10.2307/30036540.
Venka esh, V., Thong, J. and Xu, X. (2016) ‘Uni ied Theo y o Accep ance and Use o Technology: A
Syn hesis and he Road Ahead’, Jou nal o he Associa ion o In o ma ion Sys ems, 17(5),
pp. 328–376. doi: 10.17705/1jais.00428.
15
Bishe e schienene Wo king Pape s des Fachbe eich 3:
N . 31 Bülbül, Dilek (2024): In e na ional Coope a ion in Resea ch: Coope a i e Doc o a es in
Finance. DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/gyx4-g297
N . 30 K ause, Tobias; I ano , Igo ; Sidki, Ma cus (2023): Blame o Gain? Is Ins i u ional T us
impac ed by he Pe cep ion o Poli ical In-fluence in S a e-owned En e p ises? DOI:
h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/p69 -1y25
N . 29 Ande ie, Lu z (2023): NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) – Funk ion und Po enzialanalyse. DOI:
h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/k9ak-b724
N . 28 Rosenbusch, Ch is oph e al. (2023): Building a Eu opean Uni e si y Conso ium: he
Case o he U!REKA-Ne wo k. DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/je0y-9q78
N . 27 Ande ie, Lu z; Hönig, Michaela (2023): Un e suchungen zum Po enzial on Me a e se.
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/6xxa-c637
N . 26 Lämmlein, Ba ba a; Ge diken, Ul ike (2002): Von Bigband bis U ban Ga dening.
Mo i a ionale G ünde S udie ende ü ein kul u elles Engagemen an Hochschulen.
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/ wym-pw08
N . 25 Jung, Cons an in (2022): Sus ainable Co po a e Go e nance in he Uni ed Kingdom.
En i onmen al Sus ainabili y in Di ec o s’ Decision-Making. DOI:
h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/1k89-pj62
N . 24 Schlegle , Ma en; Koch, Susanne (2022): Pilo s udy on he lea ning success o s uden s
in se ice-lea ning compa ed o o he eaching and lea ning o ma s. DOI
h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/n9 y-c 17
N . 23 Hagen, Tobias; Hamann, Jonas; Saki, Sia ash (2022): Disc e iza ion o U ban A eas
using POI-based Tessela ion. DOI h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/7jj -1c66
N . 22 Balioamoune, Mina; Bausony, Mohamed A.K.; Lu z, S e an; K.A. Mohamed, Ehab
(2022): In e na ional Owne ship and SMEs in Middle Eas e n and A ican Economies.
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/c5sy-3h14
N . 21 G a , E ika; F anz, Ca ha ina; Rugba h, Ma hias; Schmid , Leona d (2021): Wie
beeinflussen die Namen on Fleische sa zp oduk en die Akzep anz de Ve b auche ?
DOI: h ps://doi.o g/10.48718/smsh-p640
N . 20 Hagen, Tobias; Saki, Sia ash; Scheel-Kopeinig, Sabine (2021): s a 2pa k – De e -
mining, Explaining and P edic ing C uising o Pa king.
N . 19 G a , E ika (2021): Banken au dem Holzweg? Eine empi ische Un e suchung de
Bewe ung on K edi ka en aus Holz.
N . 18 Ziegle , Y onne; Uli, Vincenzo Uli; K ame , As id; Ta a i, Mahmoud Ta a i (2021):
De elopmen o an inno a i e halal logis ics concep o he ai ca go supply chain.
N . 17 Hagen, Tobias; Scheel-Kopeinig, Sabine (2020): Would Cus ome s be willing o use an
al e na i e (cha geable) deli e y concep o he las mile?
N . 16 Giegle , Nicolas; Schneide , Swen (2020): Leade ship und Digi alisie ung.
N . 15 G aml, Regine; Hagen, Tobias; Ziegle , Y onne; Khacha yan, K is ine; As ida He man,
Ricky (2020): Lesbische F auen in de A bei swel – The L-Wo d in Business.
N . 14 Voig , Ma ina; Ruppe , And ea (2018): Follow-up –S udie: Gende ypische Ve hand-
lungskompe enz und ih e Auswi kungen au Gehal s-und Au s iegs e handlungen.
16
N . 13 Celebi, Kaan; Hönig, Michaela (2018): Dynamic Mac oeconomic E ec s on he Ge man
S ock Ma ke be o e and a e he Financial C isis.
N . 12 Lu z, S e an (2018): R&D, IP, and fi m p ofi s in he No h Ame ican au omo i e supplie
indus y.
N . 11 Voig , Ma ina; Ruppe , And ea (2016): Du chse zungso ien ie , ha ode
sacho ien ie , koope a i e handeln –welche Einschä zungen und E wa ungen haben
S udie ende?
N . 10 Hagen, Tobias (2016): Econome ic E alua ion o a Placemen Coaching P og am o
Recipien s o Disabili y Insu ance Benefi s in Swi ze land.
N . 9 Weissen iede , Cap ice Oona; Spu a, Anas assja (2015): Akzep anz on Füh ungs-
k ä en‐ Analyse wah genommene Ve hal ensweisen on F auen und Männe n in
Füh ungsposi ionen.
N . 8 G a , E ika (2015): Raising Sus ainabili y Awa eness and Unde s anding in Highe
Educa ion.
N . 7 Weissen iede , Cap ice Oona; G aml, Regine; Hagen, Tobias; Ziegle , Y onne (2015):
Explo a i e Un e suchung de Un e nehmenskul u au die Ka ie echancen on F auen.
N . 6 Ruppe , And ea; Voig , Ma ina (2014): Ve handlungss a egien und Ve handlungs-
ak iken in Gehal s e handlungen.
N . 5 Jungmi ag, And e (2014): Combina ion o Fo ecas s ac oss Es ima ion Windows: An
Applica ion o Ai T a el Demand.
N . 4 Jungmi ag, And e (2014): De T ade-o zwischen deu schen Di ek in es i ionen und
Expo en: Wie wich ig sind die e schiedenen Dimensionen de Dis anz?
N . 3 Hagen, Tobias; Waldeck, S e anie (2014): Using Panel Econome ic Me hods o
Es ima e he E ec o Milk Consump ion on he Mo ali y Ra e o P os a e and O a ian
Cance .
N . 2 Hagen, Tobias (2014): Impac o Na ional Financial Regula ion on Mac oeco-nomic and
Fiscal Pe o mance A e he 2007 Financial Shock Econome ic Analyses Based on
C oss-Coun y Da a.
N . 1 Rieck, Ch is ian; Bendig, Helena; Hünnemeye , Julius; Ni zsche, Lisa (2012): Di e si ä
im Au sich s a . S udie übe die Zusammense zung deu sche Au sich s ä e.
Alle Publika ionen des Fachbe eichs 3 Wi scha und Rech finden Sie un e :
h ps://www. ank u -uni e si y.de/de/hochschule/ achbe eich-3-wi scha -und- ech / o schung-
und- ans e /publika ionen/
