Jopp, Tobias A.; Spoe e , Ma k
A icle
The Ge man Cliome ics Da abase
Vie eljah sch i ü Sozial- und Wi scha sgeschich e (VSWG)
P o ided in Coope a ion wi h:
F anz S eine Ve lag, S u ga
Sugges ed Ci a ion: Jopp, Tobias A.; Spoe e , Ma k (2024) : The Ge man Cliome ics Da abase,
Vie eljah sch i ü Sozial- und Wi scha sgeschich e (VSWG), ISSN 2365-2136, F anz S eine
Ve lag, S u ga , Vol. 111, Iss. 2, pp. 209-219,
h ps://doi.o g/10.25162/ swg-2024-0007
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Vie eljah sch i ü Sozial- und Wi scha sgeschich e 111, 2024/2, 209–219
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Tobias A. Jopp/ Ma k Spoe e
The Ge man Cliome ics Da abase
Abs ac : This sho a icle in oduces he Ge man Cliome ics Da abase as he ounda ion
o an a icle by Jopp and Spoe e (2024) who ace cliome ic esea ch on Ge man his o y.
This newly cons uc ed da abase o e e y publica ion ha (1) con ibu es o he his o iog aphy
o Ge many and (2) employs, as a baseline, in e en ial s a is ics enables esea che s o ind cli-
ome ic s udies ela ed o hei own wo k much mo e e icien ly. E en hough no ull ex s a e
p o ided alongside he da a ile, he collec ed abs ac s o , espec i ely, summa ies o e e y
publica ion in he da abase allow o some baseline ex mining app oaches. Along wi h he
emaining in o ma ion p o ided, hey may also o m he basis o b oade bibliome ic o his-
o iog aphical s udies.
Keywo ds: cliome ics, economic his o y, Ge many, Ge man his o y, quan i a i e his o y, social
his o y
JEL Codes: B4, B16, C01, N01
1. In oduc ion
In he 1970s, quan i a i e me hods inc easingly ound hei way in o Ge man his o ical
s udies. On he one hand, his was due o his o ians’ inc eased in e es in economic and
social s uc u es and de elopmen s, and on he o he hand o he easie applicabili y o
s a is ical me hods h ough he inc easing use o mic ocompu e s and co esponding
so wa e.1 Howe e , as we show in ou a icle in he Handbook o Cliome ics2, in which
we speci ically ace cliome ic esea ch on Ge man his o y, he e was by no means a
s aigh line om his o ical social science o he Biele eld School o he inc eased use
o quan i a i e me hods, o en e e ed o as cliome ics. The ea ly cliome ic wo ks on
Ge man his o y in he ini ial pe iod, which we da e o he yea s 1977 o 1991, deal o a
la ge ex en wi h social and poli ico-his o ical opics such as demog aphy, c ime and
o ing beha io and we e w i en by his o ians wi h an in e es in quan i a i e me hods.
In he 1990s, his his o ical oo o cliome ics was joined by an economic oo , which
1 Fo a ecen s udy acing he business cycle o quan i a i e me hods in Ge man his o iog aphy, see Buch-
ne e al. (2020). Ruggles and Magnuson (2019) p o ide a me hodically compa able, ye geog aphically
b oade s udy.
2 See Jopp and Spoe e (2024).
© by he au ho (s), published by F anz S eine Ve lag, S u ga 2024
obias a. jopp/ ma k spoe e 210
soon became dominan and has emained so o da e. Au ho s in his ield had s ud-
ied economics and, as pa o his, had also unde gone solid s a is ical aining, making
i easie o hem han he his o ians o adop he inc easingly di e en ia ed canon o
econome ic me hods. Thei esea ch in e es na u ally ocused on genuinely econom-
ic-his o ical ques ions, so ha oday cliome ics is o en unde s ood as he quan i a i e
pa o economic his o iog aphy. Howe e , we belie e ha his equa ion is oo simplis-
ic, p ecisely because ea ly cliome ic wo k shows ha quan i a i e me hods can also be
used e y ui ully o add ess non-economic-his o ical issues.
Ou knowledge his o y o cliome ic his o ical esea ch, i you will, is based on he
quan i a i e e alua ion o a da abase o o e 800 publica ions ha ha e been collec ed
speci ically o his pu pose. The publica ions mee wo condi ions: Fi s ly, hey deal
wi h Ge man his o y (as esea ched by au ho s ins i u ionally a ilia ed in- as well as
ou side Ge many); and, secondly, hey use ad anced s a is ical me hods. Along wi h
his a icle, we a e publishing ou “Ge man Cliome ics Da abase” so ha o he e-
sea che s can con inue o wo k wi h i and help supplemen i i necessa y.
Fo mally, we hink ou da abase can se e wo main pu poses. Fi s ly, i helps e-
sea che s ind cliome ic s udies ela ing o a speci ic opic o Ge man his o y much
quicke han by sea ching in o he ways. Secondly, and mo e impo an ly, since we
analyzed he da abase using only e y simple me hods o desc ip i e s a is ics o, o
example, highligh ce ain ends in publica ion beha io , he egional dis ibu ion o
in ol ed esea ch acili ies, and he business cycle o esea ch opics, many mo e ques-
ions may be answe ed wi h he assembled (bibliome ic) da a in combina ion wi h ap-
p op ia e me hods. To gi e jus a ew hough -p o oking impulses: F om a gende -his-
o ical pe spec i e, i may be in e es ing o see whe he publica ions by emale au ho s,
which ha e been coming a a nume ical disad an age in quan i a i e and, speci ically,
economic his o y, sys ema ically ocus on di e en opics han publica ions by male au-
ho s. O , since he da ase p o ides all au ho s and con ains in o ma ion on hei a ili-
a ion, he inc eased in e na ionaliza ion o Ge man his o ians can be s udied in g ea e
de ail, he eby iden i ying esea ch(e ) ne wo ks and hei publica ion success.
The g ea es po en ial o insigh in o he his o y o he discipline would p obably
come om a compa ison o he summa y cha ac e is ics o he co pus, which we e-
e o as cliome ic and p esen he e, wi h he much la ge g oup o all publica ions on
Ge man his o y, ha is, all emaining quan i a i e and he many mo e quali a i e pub-
lica ions. The uni e se o ele an publica ions would no necessa ily ha e o be com-
piled indi idually as he e– he o de o magni ude is p obably in he six- igu e ange (a
leas acco ding o Cha GPT)– bu migh be aken om bibliog aphic da abases. In ou
handbook a icle and p e ious wo k, we app oached he issue o he ue p opo ion o
quan i a i e his o iog aphical s udies only e y c udely.
This a icle p oceeds by explaining he sea ch and selec ion mechanism leading o a
publica ion’s inclusion in he da abase (Sec ion 2), in oducing he s uc u e o he da a
ile (Sec ion 3), and p o iding a sho desc ip i e o e iew o he co pus’s basic ea u es
(Sec ion 4). The a icle ends wi h a sho conclusion.
© by he au ho (s), published by F anz S eine Ve lag, S u ga 2024
211The Ge man Cliome ics Da abase
2. Rema ks on he da a ga he ing p ocess
We made he ollowing decisions on wha would cons i u e “Ge many”, which applied
me hods would quali y as “cliome ic”, and which ypes o publica ion o include.3 As
o he geog aphical aspec , we decided o ocus on egions in Cen al Eu ope whe e
he Ge man language was dominan , bu explici ly excluding Aus ia and Swi ze land in
oday’s bo de s.4 Hence, he Ge many we e e o o he pu pose o selec ing sui able
publica ions may bes be imagined as Ge many in he bo de s o 1937. No e ha we no
only included s udies dealing exclusi ely wi h Ge man his o y bu also hose which deal
wi h Ge many as one o se e al Eu opean o wo ld egions. In he la e case, howe e ,
we decided o include only hose s udies ha p o ide explici his o iog aphical discus-
sions o he empi ical indings on Ge many.5
Fu he mo e, we de ined a s udy o be cliome ic i , as a baseline, i applied in e en-
ial s a is ics o his o ical da a on Ge many, beginning wi h showing signi icance al-
ues o desc ip i e measu es like co ela ion coe icien s.6 To ha d co e cliome icians,
his may seem like a qui e low en y h eshold, bu i was impo an o us o include
(o “hono ”) ea ly quan i a i e wo k in he co pus. By using his de ini ion, we do pu
he ocus on he ip o he icebe g o quan i a i e his o iog aphical s udies, i you will,
and una oidably exclude qui e many o hem ha would be empi ical, bu pu ely (and,
possibly, ex ensi ely) desc ip i e in na u e. This decision was made because we wan ed
o pu emphasis on s udies pu ing o wa d causal a gumen s in a o mal way; besides,
we he eby also kep he e o manageable. Howe e , we made an excep ion o his se-
lec ion ule in ha we addi ionally included s udies applying non- i ial ma hema ical
me hods like g ow h accoun ing and p oduc i i y decomposi ion, ne wo k analysis, o
ex mining app oaches based on p obabilis ic algo i hms.
As o he ypes o publica ion, we decided o no na ow down he ocus on jou nal
a icles, bu conside also monog aphs, book chap e s, and he mos ecen wo king
pape s ( ha is, hose published in 2020 o la e ). Howe e , we excluded unpublished
cumula i e disse a ions i he pape s hey consis o would appea as a jou nal a icle
(bu we kep non-cumula i e ones).7
Finally, some ema ks on ou sea ch s a egy o , espec i ely, e o s a e needed. Fo
all s eps we b ie ly go h ough in he ollowing i holds ha we collec ed and manually
checked e e y publica ion ha seemed o be a po en ial candida e o ou da abase–
be i because he publica ion’s i le sugges ed so o because an a ailable abs ac , co e
page, o summa y did; when in doub , we a he checked han neglec ed he publica-
3 The ocus on wo ks dealing wi h Ge man his o y i sel was p ede e mined by he edi o s o he handbook.
4 This also uled ou Alsace-Lo aine and egions in he Eas whe e he p edominan language was, o ex-
ample, Polish.
5 In o he wo ds, i is no su icien o de i e empi ical esul s pa ly om da a on Ge many; he esul s’
implica ions o Ge man his o y mus be explici ly discussed.
6 Fo he de ini ion o his o ical da a, implici ly used by us, see Jopp and Spoe e (2023).
7 An example o he la e would be he unpublished disse a ion o Ki chhain (1973).
© by he au ho (s), published by F anz S eine Ve lag, S u ga 2024
obias a. jopp/ ma k spoe e 212
ion. I goes wi hou saying ha we skimmed h ough a mo e publica ions han ac u-
ally made i in o ou da abase.
In a i s s ep, we manually wen h ough all issues o his o iog aphical jou nal ou -
le s– economic-his o ical and o he wise– we suspec ed ele an quan i a i e s udies
o ha e been appea ing in on a mo e egula basis.8 In o med by some chance inds oc-
cu ing in la e s eps, we also did so wi h some Ge man-language economics jou nals.9
Addi ionally, we pe o med keywo d sea ches di ec ly on he homepages o many e-
maining economics and also se e al miscellaneous jou nals ha we suspec ed o yield-
ing po en ially ele an con ibu ions.10 In a second s ep, we sc eened ele an book
se ies, and in a hi d s ep, we wen , i a ailable, h ough he CVs o , espec i ely, lis o
publica ions o all (economic) his o ians who came o ou mind based on he p eceding
s eps and checked up on each publica ion’s ele ancy; he la e was especially help ul in
iden i ying a co e o collec i e olume a icles and some jou nal a icles in a he exo ic
ou le s. Only in a ou h s ep did we u n o es ablished bibliog aphic da abases like
JSTOR, EconLi , and His o ical Abs ac s and pe o med ano he ound o keywo d
and Boolean sea ches o iden i y ye s ill missing publica ions. Finally, i is wo h no ing
ha we did no sys ema ically b owse h ough he e e ence lis s o all publica ions we
p e-selec ed o checking; he eason being ime cons ain s.
E en hough we canno be su e o ha e iden i ied i ually e e y publica ion on Ge -
man his o y mee ing ou c i e ia, we a e con iden ha , wi h ou sea ch s a egy, we
ha e been coming up wi h a easonably good ini ial guess.
3. O ganiza ion o he da a ile
The p o ided da a ile consis s o wo sp eadshee s, wi h he i s one con aining he
ac ual da a on he collec ed publica ions and he second one epo ing a lis o jou nal
abb e ia ions used o he sake o con enience. The da a sp eadshee ’s i s ow con ains
he labels on he a iables ga he ed o , espec i ely, measu ed pe publica ion. The col-
umns a e o ganized as ollows:
8 E. g., he in e na ional op i e economic his o y jou nals (Cliome ica, Economic His o y Re iew, Eu-
opean Re iew o Economic His o y, Explo a ions in Economic His o y, Jou nal o Economic His o y)
as well as he na ional op h ee (Jah buch ü Wi scha sgeschich e, Vie eljah sch i ü Sozial- und
Wi scha sgeschich e, Zei sch i ü Un e nehmensgeschich e); jou nals on quan i a i e his o y (in-
cluding bu no limi ed o he ield o economic his o y), namely His o ical Me hods, His o ical Social
Resea ch, Jou nal o In e disciplina y His o y, and Social Science His o y; and many mo e na ional
and in e na ional economic, business, social, and miscellaneous his o y ou le s like A chi ü Sozialge-
schich e, Business His o y, Business His o y Re iew, Cen al Eu opean His o y, Con inui y and Change,
Geschich e und Gesellscha , His o ische Zei sch i , and so on.
9 E. g., Jah büche ü Na ionalökonomie und S a is ik, Zei sch i ü die gesam e S aa swissenscha (Jou -
nal o Ins i u ional and Theo e ical Economics), and Wel wi scha liches A chi .
10 Among hese we e jou nals such as Ame ican Economic Re iew, Ame ican Poli ical Science Re iew, De-
mog aphy, Jou nal o Economic G ow h, Jou nal o Poli ical Economy, Popula ion S udies, and Qua e ly
Jou nal o Economics.
© by he au ho (s), published by F anz S eine Ve lag, S u ga 2024
213The Ge man Cliome ics Da abase
– Column 1: Con ains he en y numbe ( unning om 1 o N, wi h N being he o al
numbe o publica ions, namely 816).
– Column 2: Iden i ies all au ho s o a publica ion by las and i s names, wi h he
au ho s sepa a ed by semicolon. Fo each publica ion, au ho s a e gi en in he o de
hey appea in he publica ion, which in mos cases is alphabe ical. The so ing o de
o he publica ions is ch onological and wi hin a yea alphabe ical by he i s gi en
au ho ’s las name.
– Column 3: S a es he publica ion’s yea o publica ion.
– Column 4: S a es he publica ion’s ull i le in he o iginal publica ion language (we
lea e i o he use s o implemen sui able ansla ions in case hey a e needed).
– Column 5: P o ides summa ies o he publica ion’s da a basis, me hodical app oach,
and main esul s. In mos cases, his summa y is he publica ion’s abs ac i sel , o
be ound ei he in he ex ile we secu ed o on he espec i e jou nal’s o publishe ’s
homepage (o someplace else on he in e ne ). In qui e a ew ins ances (o mos ly
olde publica ions) hough, namely 156, he e was no abs ac a ailable, wha soe e .
In such cases, we ex ac ed a sui able ex pa om a publica ion’s in oduc ion o
conclusion o ill he gap. This handling is indica ed by an exp ession in squa e b ack-
e s a he beginning o he summa y, s a ing om whe e he ex pa was aken (e. g.,
“[Taken om in oduc ion]”). As wi h he i le, he summa y is gi en in he o iginal
publica ion language.
– Column 6: Gi es a publica ion’s place o publica ion. Fo jou nal a icles, his is he
jou nal name, abb e ia ed acco ding o he lis epo ed in sp eadshee wo (e. g.,
“JIH” o “Jou nal o In e disciplina y His o y”).11 Fo collec i e olume a icles,
chap e s, and monog aphs, in u n, his is he publishe and i s geog aphical loca-
ion. Fo (mos ecen ) wo king pape s, his is he ins i u ion p o iding he publica-
ion pla o m (e. g., “CEPR”).
– Column 7: Iden i ies he ype o publica ion, ha is, “chap e ”, “jou nal a icle”, “mo-
nog aph”, and “wo king pape ”.
– Column 8: Fo jou nal a icles, iden i ies he ield o jou nal, ha is, “econhis ” (eco-
nomic his o y), “(Remaining) his o y”, “economics”, and “o he ”; o he wise, i eads
“none”.
– Column 9: Iden i ies publica ions w i en in English by a dummy aking he alue o
1 (0 o he wise).
– Column 10: Iden i ies publica ions w i en by a single au ho by a dummy aking he
alue o 1 (0 o he wise).
– Column 11: Iden i ies publica ions exclusi ely au ho ed o co-au ho ed by (a) emale
au ho (s) by a dummy aking he alue o 1 (0 o he wise).
– Column 12: In he o de o appea ance as pe column 2, p o ides he exac ins i u-
ional a ilia ion o each au ho as epo ed in he publica ion. In case mo e han one
a ilia ion pe au ho is epo ed in he publica ion, we collec ed he i s a ilia ion
11 The chosen abb e ia ions a e o ou own liking, hus may no ully con o m wi h o icially used abb e ia-
ions.
© by he au ho (s), published by F anz S eine Ve lag, S u ga 2024
obias a. jopp/ ma k spoe e 214
men ioned, assuming ha his is he mos impo an one. We only made an excep-
ion o his p ocedu e i he i s epo ed a ilia ion was o an ins i u ion like he
CEPR, o which especially many economis s ha e been esea ch ellows on op o
one o mo e uni e si y a ilia ions. We hen collec ed he i s men ioned uni e si y
a ilia ion ins ead.
– Column 13: In case we we e able o iden i y, we add he o ganiza ional uni (s) o
he au ho (s) he e (again in he o de o appea ance as pe column 2); o he wise, i
eads “none”.
– Column 14: Gi es he coun y in which he ins i u ion as pe column 12 is loca ed.
– Column 15: Iden i ies publica ions exclusi ely w i en by au ho s a ilia ed ou side
Ge many by a dummy aking he alue o 1 (0 o he wise).
– Column 16: Gi es he geog aphical ocus o he publica ion as pe he used da a basis;
ei he Ge many in ull (i. e., “Ge many”) o a pa icula Ge man egion o egions
(e. g., “Baden” o “P ussia”).
– Column 17: Iden i ies he s udied his o ical epoch(s) which we de ined and abb e i-
a ed as “Middle Ages/MA” (<1500), “Ea ly Mode n/EM” (1500–1800), “pos Vien-
na Con e ence Ge many/PV” (1800–1870), “Empi e wi hou WW I/EMP” (1871–
1914), “Wo ld Wa I/WWI” (1914–1918), “Weima Republic/WR” (1919–1932),
“Nazi pe iod wi hou WWII/NZ” (1933–1938), “Wo ld Wa II/WWII” (1939–1945),
“Pos -WWII-Wes /PWW” (>1945), and Pos -WWII-Eas /PWE (1946–1989).
– Column 18: Based on he publica ion’s epochal ocus as pe column 17, iden i ies a
publica ion as a long- e m s udy by a dummy aking he alue o 1 (0 o he wise). To
quali y as a publica ion wi h a long- e m ocus, a publica ion had o mee one o he
ollowing wo condi ions: (1) i shows he epochal ocus “MA-EM”, “MA-EM-PV”,
“EM-PV” o “PV-EMP; o (2) i spans a leas i e epochs wha soe e , a de ini ion
helping o a oid coun ing he combina ion “WW1-WR-NZ-WW2” which makes o
oo b ie a s udy pe iod in ou iew.
– Column 19: Iden i ies he main, o me a, opic o he publica ion as pe ou de ini ion
(see Sec ion 4 o he abb e ia ions used). We de ined 20 me a opics (see Table 2
below o an o e iew), and each publica ion was assigned exac ly one such opic.
The de ining wo k and assignmen p ocedu e was en i ely done by hand (o , pu di -
e en ly, by “close eading”), meaning, wi hou suppo by a (seemingly) objec i e
algo i hm like opic modelling allowing o “dis an eading”. We a i ed a he num-
be o 20 me a opics by epea edly g ouping he publica ions acco ding o sub- op-
ics (see he ollowing column) un il we ound a seemingly s able dis ibu ion. The
numbe o wen y he e o e is a chance p oduc .12
– Column 20: Mean o p o ide some di e en ia ion is-à- is he assigned me a opic,
addi ional sub- opics a e p o ided o each publica ion; assignmen was again pe
hand.
12 Weh heim e al. (2022) is an example o an app oach suppo ed by such an algo i hm. Howe e , we saw
some me hodical and echnical issues wi h ou da ase (e. g., di e en ypes o publica ions meaning di -
e en ex leng hs) ha le us o abs ain om a opic modelling app oach o a i e a me a opics.
© by he au ho (s), published by F anz S eine Ve lag, S u ga 2024
215The Ge man Cliome ics Da abase
No e again ha we do no p o ide ull ex s along wi h he da a ile in he ZBW Jou nal
Da a A chi e by de aul , bu abs ac s/summa ies only. Howe e , we do ha e ull ex s
on each en y in ou da abase a hand.
4. Da a desc ip ion
As o Ma ch 2023, when we s opped including s udies o he ime being, ou da abase
comp ises N=816 publica ions– unsu p isingly, mos o hem jou nal a icles and linked
wi h he sub ield o economic his o y. Table 1 p o ides a basic o e iew o ou co pus’s
ea u es; o a mo e de ailed look a ends in he da a, we e e eade s o ou handbook
a icle.
Among he 816 publica ions in ou da abase we labeled “cliome ic” a e 686 jou nal
a icles, 43 chap e s o , espec i ely, collec i e olume a icles, 66 monog aphs, and 21
wo king pape s, wi h he e y i s wo s udies w i en by G eek economis John S. Pes-
mazoglu in 1950 and, espec i ely, 1951; bo h a e jou nal a icles published in English in
wo leading Ge man economics jou nals o he ime, namely Wel wi scha liches A chi
and Zei sch i ü die gesam e S aa swissenscha .13 We ound 252 mo e a icles in econom-
ics jou nals as well as 281 in economic his o y ou le s, 99 in emaining his o y jou nals,
and 52 in jou nals ela ing o disciplines o he han his o y o economics. In o al, al-
mos ou i hs o he publica ions ha e been w i en in English; as migh be expec ed,
he pe cen age is signi ican ly highe o jou nal a icles and ecen wo king pape s han
o he o he wo ypes o publica ion.
Fu he mo e, only abou eigh pe cen o he publica ions ha e been exclusi ely au-
ho ed by emale au ho s, wi h an addi ional en pe cen a leas co-au ho ed by emale
au ho s; i is no an exagge a ion he e o e o say ha he sub ield o cliome ic esea ch
on Ge man his o y is domina ed by male au ho s and, po en ially, “male subjec s”.
Howe e , whe he he e a e ypical “male esea ch subjec s”, and he e o e also “ emale
esea ch subjec s”, and whe he he unequal dis ibu ion o sexes among au ho s is e-
p esen a i e o he en i e y o cliome ic s udies on any heme anywhe e in he wo ld
awai s u he in es iga ion.
Table 1 also shows ha no less han almos 45 pe cen o he publica ions we e w i -
en by au ho s who we e, a he ime o inalizing he publica ion, a ilia ed o esea ch
acili ies ou side Ge many.14 Looking in o he ype o publica ion, his pe cen age is
e en highe o a icles published in economics and miscellaneous ield jou nals.
As o he egional ocus, 22 pe cen o he publica ions ha e a decidedly egional o-
cus, in many cases on P ussia which, o a conside able pa , migh be explainable by da a
a ailabili y. In u n, oughly ou i hs o he collec ed s udies mean o di ec ly de i e
esul s o Ge many as a whole. As o he ime pe iods s udied, only se en pe cen o
13 See Pesmazoglu (1950, 1951).
14 No e ha his obse a ion does, o cou se, no imply any hing on he au ho s’ na ionali y, which we did
no collec .
© by he au ho (s), published by F anz S eine Ve lag, S u ga 2024
obias a. jopp/ ma k spoe e 216
Table 1: Basic co pus cha ac e is ics
Type o publica ion Time
co e age
# W i en in
English
Fully male-
au ho ed
Fully emale-
au ho ed
Au ho s ully
a ilia ed ou -
side Ge many
Focus on
speci ic Ge -
man egions
Focus en i ely
on p emode n
pe iod
Long- e m
s udy
Chap e s 1956–2021 43 25 (58.1 %) 35 (81.4 %) 4 (9.3 %) 14 (32.5 %) 12 (28.0 %) 5 (11.6 %) 6 (13.9 %)
Jou nal a icles 1950–2023 686 579 (84.4 %) 564 (82.2 %) 50 (7.3 %) 329 (47.9 %) 149 (21.7 %) 44 (6.4 %) 114 (16.6 %)
Economics jou nals 1950–2023 254 227 (89.4 %) 213 (83.8 %) 7 (2.7 %) 133 (52.4 %) 40 (15.7 %) 9 (3.5 %) 46 (18.1 %)
Economic his o y
jou nals 1973–2023 281 245 (87.2 %) 224 (79.7 %) 32 (11.4 %) 122 (43.4 %) 78 (27.7 %) 20 (7.1 %) 37 (13.2 %)
His o y jou nals 1973–2023 99 64 (64.6 %) 82 (82.8 %) 8 (8.1 %) 39 (39.4 %) 29 (29.3 %) 11 (11.1 %) 19 (19.2 %)
Miscellaneous
jou nals
1976–2022 52 43 (82.7 %) 45 (86.5 %) 3 (5.8 %) 35 (67.3 %) 12 (23.1 %) 4 (7.7 %) 12 (23.1 %)
Monog aphs 1962–2022 66 20 (30.3 %) 54 (81.8 %) 11 (16.7 %) 16 (24.2 %) 15 (22.7 %) 5 (7.6 %) 11 (16.7 %)
Wo king pape s 2020–2022 21 21 (100.0 %) 14 (66.7 %) 2 (9.5 %) 6 (28.6 %) 5 (23.8 %) 3 (14.3 %) 6 (28.6 %)
To al 1950–2023 816 645 (79.0 %) 667 (81.7 %) 67 (8.2 %) 365 (44.7 %) 181 (22.2 %) 57 (7.0 %) 137 (16.8 %)
No es: Pe cen ages gi en o he a ious ypes o publica ion e e o he ypes o publica ion sub o al; pe cen ages in he las ow o he g and o al.
Sou ce: Au ho s’ own depic ion.
© by he au ho (s), published by F anz S eine Ve lag, S u ga 2024
