Col he , C is ian; Doussoulin, Jean Pie e
A icle
A i icial in elligence: D i ing o ce in he e olu ion o
human knowledge
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge (JIK)
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A i icial in elligence: D i ing o ce in he e olu ion o human knowledge
C is ian Col he , D .
a,*
, Jean Pie e Doussoulin, PhD
a,b
a
Depa men o Economics, Uni e sidad Aus al de Chile – Valdi ia, Chile
b
Resea ch G oup on he Use o Panel Da a in Economics (ERUDITE EA 437) Uni e si ´
e Gus a e Ei el, F-77454 Ma ne-la-Vall´
ee, F ance
ARTICLE INFO
JEL:
D80 O33 O32 O39
Keywo ds:
A i icial in elligence
E olu ion knowledge
Noosphe e
E hical conside a ions
Fu u e scena ios
ABSTRACT
This a icle p oposes ha a i icial in elligence (AI) is posi ioned as a key d i e o a new e olu iona y s age o
human knowledge, complemen ing human in elligence and acili a ing he c ea ion and de elopmen o so-
phis ica ed collec i e in elligence, de ined as he noosphe e, unde s ood as he sphe e o collec i e human
hough . The s udy e eals se e al key insigh s in o he ans o ma i e po en ial o AI, including i s capaci y o
accele a e, media e, and di use human knowledge. I concludes ha AI no only ca alyzes he exis ence o he
noosphe e bu also ede ines he s uc u es and mechanisms h ough which human knowledge is expanded and
democ a ized. Addi ionally, he documen p esen s po en ial isks and signi ican e hical, social, and legal
challenges o an AI-media ed noosphe e, o e ing ecommenda ions and a esea ch agenda a ound he opic, and
limi a ions and p oposals o imp o emen o be conside ed in he u u e.
In oduc ion
In he las 20 yea s, echnological ad ances in compu a ional powe ,
s o age capaci y, access o in o ma ion h ough he in e ne , he abili y
o gene a e con en h ough digi al pla o ms and media, social ne -
wo ks and g owing global in e connec i i y ha e p o ided new capa-
bili ies o humani y o gene a e knowledge (Ajani e al., 2024).
This is d i en by he de elopmen o elecommunica ions echnolo-
gies (such as ibe op ics, sa elli es, and wi eless echnologies such as Wi-
Fi, 5G-6 G, Li-Fi, and quan um-dash lase s), which allow he ans-
mission and ecep ion o an e e -inc easing olume o da a and enable
new ways o in e ac ing wi h in o ma ion. This echnological e olu ion
allows he as and eliable ansmission o la ge olumes o da a, hus
acili a ing wide and mo e e icien access o in o ma ion in a ious
o ma s (Kizza, 2024).
Mo eo e , he expansion o in o ma ion ne wo ks, cloud compu ing,
and online pla o ms, along wi h he p oli e a ion o mobile de ices, has
democ a ized he exchange o in o ma ion, acili a ing access and
knowledge c ea ion (Gill e al., 2022). On he o he hand, compu a ional
powe inc eases wi h each new gene a ion o PCs and culmina es in he
ealiza ion o quan um compu e s, which p omises o e olu ionize
mode n compu ing by p o iding p ocessing capabili ies ha a e incon-
cei able om cu en echnology (de Wol , 2017; Fauseweh, 2024; Ladd
e al., 2010).
Addi ionally, he de elopmen o he me a e se, which ep esen s a
con e gence o i ual wo lds, augmen ed eali y, and he in e ne , o -
e s an ad anced and imme si e expe ience in 3D en i onmen s,
p o iding new ways o gene a ing and sha ing knowledge (Yu, 2024).
These ad ances ha e con ibu ed o c ea ing a mo e in e connec ed
wo ld, whe e adi ional limi a ions o dis ance and ime ha e been
conside ably educed, ede ining he way socie y accesses, sha es, and
consumes in o ma ion and c ea es new knowledge. They ha e also
impac ed a ious business pa adigms. In he business ealm, digi ali-
za ion has enabled he c ea ion o new business models based on digi al
pla o ms and social ne wo ks, enhancing globaliza ion and in e -
connec i i y (Hu e al., 2024).
Technological elemen s ha e ecen ly enabled he accele a ed
de elopmen o a i icial in elligence (AI). A new gene a ion o in o -
ma ion echnologies can be de ined as he use o echniques, echnolo-
gies and applica ion sys ems o eplica e, imp o e and augmen human
in elligence and ha e e olu ionized sec o s such as heal h ca e, edu-
ca ion, and inance; op imizing p ocesses; imp o ing decision-making;
and managing unce ain y in companies’ decisions (Liu e al., 2024).
The echnical concep s and applica ions o a i icial in elligence, such as
Cha GPT (Fosso Wamba e al., 2024), blockchain Dha Dwi edi e al.
(2024) and p edic i e main enance (Uca e al., 2024), ha e been widely
add essed by schola s; he e o e, his pape con ibu es o he li e a u e
om a heo e ical pe spec i e h ough se e al dis inc i e elemen s, such
as he noosphe e.
The in eg a ion o AI in o he business ealm has signi ican ly
* Co esponding au ho .
E-mail add esses: [email p o ec ed] (C. Col he ), [email p o ec ed] (J.P. Doussoulin).
Con en s lis s a ailable a ScienceDi ec
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge
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h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100625
Recei ed 3 July 2024; Accep ed 12 No embe 2024
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100625
A ailable online 16 No embe 2024
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ans o med business models, d i ing e iciency and enhancing global
ma ke esponsi eness (Mish a & T ipa hi, 2021). AI has enabled p o-
cess au oma ion, op imized decision-making, and be e managemen o
unce ain y, he eby boos ing compe i i eness and inno a ion in key
sec o s such as inance, logis ics, and heal h ca e (Enholm e al., 2022).
This phenomenon no only imp o es ope a ional p oduc i i y bu also
c ea es new oppo uni ies o alue c ea ion h ough he analysis o
la ge da ase s, and companies ha ha e adop ed AI ha e ound new
ways o iden i y consump ion pa e ns and make mo e accu a e p e-
dic ions, leading o be e adap a ion o p oduc s and se ices o global
ma ke demands (Ås ¨
om e al., 2022).
The plane a y e olu ion o AI has been linked o speci ic sec o s and
coun ies. As T an e al. (2019) men ioned, AI applica ions in he
medical and heal h sciences sec o ha e been led by he USA, China,
I aly, Ge many and Canada. Acco ding o Jha e al. (2019), Sou h Ko ea,
China, and No h Ame ica ha e in es ed conside able sums in AI o
imp o e hei pe o mance in e ms o ag icul u e. The imp o emen in
he sus ainabili y o he mining indus y has been ca alyzed in pa ia
inno a ion and a i icial in elligence in coun ies such as China,
Aus alia and Canada (Jenkins & Yako le a, 2006; Liang e al., 2024). In
he cons uc ion sec o , AI is no only applied o imp o e he cha ac-
e is ics and cons uc ion me hods o buildings bu also used o p e en
acciden s in he cons uc ion o buildings in he USA (Zhang e al., 2013)
and Sou h Ko ea (Jo e al., 2017).
These elemen s help e i e he idea o he noosphe e, a concep ha
e e s o he "sphe e o human hough "— he collec i e in elligence o
humani y—which we p opose in his pape as he new e olu ion o
human knowledge. In his con ex , AI, wi h i s abili y o p ocess and
analyze la ge amoun s o da a, in e p e complex pa e ns, and lea n, is
posi ioned as an en i y ha can accele a e his new e olu iona y s age o
knowledge (Wu, 2024).
I enables he eme gence and media es he de elopmen o his s age
by adding a new subs a e o in o ma ion and knowledge gene a ed by
a i icial in elligence, complemen ing ha gene a ed by human in elli-
gence. The e olu ion o human knowledge can occu wi h o wi hou AI
(Lehoux e al., 2023); howe e , he dilemma posed in his wo k is he
possibili y ha humani y may be le on he sidelines o his new s age i
i is unable o e ol e i s cogni i e capaci y and de elop he necessa y
skills o in e ac wi h AI and his new space o sha ed knowledge.
The gene al objec i e o his esea ch is o analyze and e alua e he
ole o a i icial in elligence as a po en ial ca alys in he e olu ion o
human knowledge owa d he es ablishmen o sophis ica ed collec i e
in elligence, called he noosphe e, and o explo e he e hical, social, and
legal challenges associa ed wi h i s in eg a ion in o he knowledge
socie y.
The documen e iews heo ies a ound he e olu ion o knowledge
de eloped by Nicholas Geo gescu-Roegen, F ancisco Va ela, and Pie e
Teilha d de Cha din, which p esen di e en pe spec i es on how and
why human knowledge has e ol ed and wha could be expec ed in he
u u e. This pape p esen s elemen s o he noosphe e and he hypo-
he ical ole o AI as a media o o his new e olu iona y s age o human
knowledge, ocusing on how his ad anced echnology could acili a e a
deepe and mo e meaning ul connec ion o human knowledge on a
global scale.
To de elop a comp ehensi e unde s anding o he ole o AI in he
e olu ion o human knowledge and i s in eg a ion in o he noosphe e, a
sys ema ic sea ch s a egy was employed. This s a egy in ol ed a
mul idisciplina y app oach, ob aining li e a u e om ields such as
compu e science, e hics, sociology, and neu oscience, and heo e ical
de elopmen s by au ho s, who e lec ed on he e olu ion o human
knowledge o ensu e a b oad bu speci ic collec ion o ele an
ma e ials.
The esea ch ques ions include he ollowing. a) How can a i icial
in elligence accele a e he e olu ion o human knowledge and acili a e
he de elopmen o he noosphe e? b) Wha ole does i play in his
p ocess? c) Wha a e he main e hical, social and legal isks associa ed
wi h he in eg a ion o AI in he noosphe e, and how can hey be mi i-
ga ed? d) How can humani y adap o bene i om his echnology?
The main con ibu ion o his esea ch is ela ed o add essing he
ollowing gaps in he li e a u e by e lec ing heo e ically. Fi s , he e is
a limi ed unde s anding o how AI echnologies can con igu e a new
space o collec i e knowledge and hus accele a e he e olu ion o
human knowledge owa d new o ms o unde s anding, new o ms o
gene a ion, collabo a ion and dissemina ion o knowledge. Second,
he e is limi ed esea ch on he social and cul u al impac s o AI in e-
g a ion in global knowledge ne wo ks. This gap is add essed by exam-
ining how AI can in luence cul u al exchange and social dynamics
wi hin knowledge ne wo ks and i s po en ial o os e global collabo-
a ion and he dissemina ion o human knowledge. Thi d, he e a e
insu icien egula o y amewo ks o manage AI isk and ensu e i s
alignmen wi h human alues a he global le el. This esea ch add esses
his gap by de eloping policies o egula e AI use, ensu ing e hical and
ai AI ope a ions, and in ol ing a wide ange o s akeholde s in AI
policy de elopmen .
Finally, he e is unce ain y abou he long- e m impac s o AI on he
e olu ion o human knowledge (Means, 2021; No ds ¨
om, 2022). This
gap is add essed by e alua ing he ongoing in luence o AI and o e-
cas ing u u e scena ios o AI in eg a ion in he noosphe e. By add ess-
ing hese knowledge gaps, his esea ch aims o p o ide a deepe
unde s anding o he ole o AI in he e olu ion o human knowledge and
o conside he po en ial isks associa ed wi h AI in eg a ion.
The documen was de eloped as ollows. In he i s sec ion, he
opic, i s ele ance and he me hodological app oach and ques ions ha
guide he esea ch a e in oduced. In he second sec ion, a b ie heo-
e ical amewo k is de eloped ha e e s o he e olu ion o human
knowledge de eloped by di e en au ho s, ocusing on he de elopmen
o he concep o he noosphe e p oposed by Teilha d de Cha din and he
hypo he ical ole o AI as a ca alys and media o o his new e olu-
iona y s age. The hi d sec ion p esen s he e hical challenges posed by
he AI-media ed noosphe e. The ou h and i h sec ions p esen he
discussion and conclusions o he esea ch, p esen ing aspec s o be
conside ed in u u e esea ch ela ed o he opic.
Theo e ical amewo k
The e olu ion o human knowledge has been a cen al heme in
unde s anding he p og ess o ci iliza ions and he de elopmen o in-
ellec ual capaci ies. This sec ion explo es he heo e ical unde pinnings
o knowledge e olu ion, ocusing on how a ious pa adigms ha e sha-
ped ou unde s anding o knowledge gene a ion and dissemina ion. The
amewo k p o ided he e will examine he his o ical ajec o y o
knowledge, he mechanisms ha ha e acili a ed i s expansion, and he
eme ging ole o a i icial in elligence as a ca alys in accele a ing his
p ocess. By si ua ing AI wi hin he b oade con ex o knowledge e o-
lu ion, we aim o elucida e i s po en ial impac on he de elopmen o
he noosphe e and he implica ions o human cogni i e ad ancemen .
The e olu ion o human knowledge
The e olu ion o human knowledge e e s o he his o ical and
ongoing p ocess h ough which human knowledge has g own, changed,
and been e ined o e ime. This concep encompasses he accumula ion
o in o ma ion, he imp o emen o cogni i e abili ies, and he de el-
opmen o me hods and echnologies ha acili a e he c ea ion, s o age,
and ansmission o knowledge.
Knowledge is di e en om da a and in o ma ion; da a a e un-
s uc u ed ac s, in o ma ion consis s o s uc u ed da a, and knowledge
is he abili y o judge and use in o ma ion o de ine p oblems and sol e
p oblems (Lambooy, 2004).
Ad anced cogni i e capaci ies in humans e ol ed as a consequence
o s onge selec ion o he e icien ansmission o knowledge, and he
esul was language and he eme gence o mo e sophis ica ed collec i e
C. Col he and J.P. Doussoulin
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100625
2
in elligence, which acili a ed a sha ed in en ionali y and a cumula i e
cul u al p ocess due o inc eased p essu e o e icien cul u al ans-
mission (Migliano & Vinicius, 2021).
The e olu ion o human knowledge and he p ocesses o disc e iza-
ion and syn hesis in ela ion o he inc ease in knowledge a e also pa
o his analysis (Wilson, 2017). O he au ho s, such as
Geo gescu-Roegen, F ancisco Va ela and Pie e Teilha d de Cha din,
ha e conside ed his aspec o knowledge.
Geo gescu-Roegen de elops he idea o he e olu ion o knowledge
h ough science (Geo gescu-Roegen, 1971), whe e he men ions memo y
as he s o ehouse o knowledge and w i ing and i s means o eco ding
(papy i, pape , s one, e c.) as a mechanism o ansmi ing knowledge
om gene a ion o gene a ion and he p ocesses o classi ying knowl-
edge as a mechanism o apid access o speci ic knowledge.
O e he cen u ies, hese biological and ma e ial mechanisms o
s o ing knowledge ha e e ol ed and made hei s o age and ans-
mission mo e complex. Geo gescu-Rogen conside ed ha he logical
e olu ion o science, which gene a es cu en knowledge, will be he
knowledge gene a ed by elec onic b ains, which will ha e he capaci y
o s o e in o ma ion (digi al memo y) and i s classi ica ion and ans-
mission and o do so as e and mo e e icien ly han a human being can.
Glimpsing in his book published in 1971 wha we now unde s and as
AI. In his con ex , Ru h Da is wa ns ha mo e e o s a e cu en ly
being de o ed o imp o ing compu e s han o pe ec ing he human
mind and ha his condi ion will be agg a a ed by au oma ons ha will
ha e he abili y o syn hesize knowledge as e and mo e e icien ly han
human beings.
Ne e heless, he c ea i e acul ies o he human being o disco e
he egula i ies o eali y, de ise new concep s wi h which o syn hesize
appa en ly di e se ac s, and o mula e and demons a e p oposi ions
a e s ill o exclusi e human o mula ion. Howe e , science is a li ing
o ganism ha ep oduces, g ows and p ese es i sel ; i AI begins o
media e i s de elopmen , he e is a isk o al e ing he subs an ial
mechanisms o gene a ing human knowledge and p opelling i o new
s a es, di e en om hose possibly eached by human beings, pa ic-
ula ly i human beings abandon hei con empla i e capaci y and idle
cu iosi y, which has made he gene a ion o human knowledge possible.
Va ela, on he o he hand, men ioned ha human knowledge and
memo y a e aspec s o human consciousness, and he e olu ion o
knowledge is explained h ough he concep o au opoiesis, de eloped in
collabo a ion wi h Humbe o Ma u ana (Ma u ana & Va ela, 2009;
Va ela e al., 1974). Au opoiesis desc ibes li ing sys ems as au onomous
en i ies capable o main aining and ep oducing hei o ganiza ion
h ough componen p oduc ion ne wo ks ha con inuously egene a e
and speci y he same ne wo k o p ocesses. This concep has been c ucial
o unde s anding how li ing sys ems, including humans, sel -o ganize
and e ol e.
In he e olu ion o knowledge con ex , Va ela a gues ha cogni i e
p ocesses canno be unde s ood solely as in e nal ep esen a ions o he
ex e nal wo ld. Ins ead, he p oposes a iew in which cogni ion is an
enac i e p ocess, ha is, an ac i e p ocess o c ea ing and ans o ming
meaning h ough in e ac ion wi h he en i onmen . This enac i e
app oach holds ha knowledge a ises om he code e mina ion be-
ween he o ganism and i s en i onmen , challenging he adi ional
dicho omy be ween he subjec and he objec (Va ela, 2000).
Va ela iden i ied h ee key momen s in he e olu ion o knowledge.
The i s is he de elopmen o he senso imo o loop, which enables
basic pe cep ion and ac ion and is ounda ional o all animals. The
second is s uc u al plas ici y, pa icula ly in mammals, which allows
adap a ion and changes in esponse o en i onmen al s imuli, con ib-
u ing o beha io al and cogni i e complexi y. The hi d is he in en ion
o language, which is unique o humans and acili a es coo dina ion and
communica ion wi hin a species, enhancing cogni i e and social capa-
bili ies (Ke en Poulin, 2015; Ma u ana & Va ela, 1992).
The e olu ion o knowledge acco ding o Va ela is in e wined wi h
he de elopmen o li e, and he abili y o he cogni i e sys em o adap
and change in esponse o new expe iences and en i onmen s (plas ici y
o knowledge) is c ucial o unde s anding how li ing o ganisms,
including humans, can lea n and e ol e cogni i ely ( o a deepe
explo a ion o hese ideas, Va ela’s wo k, " he embodied mind", ex ends
hese concep s by in eg a ing hem wi h phenomenology and discussing
he impo ance o s uc u al plas ici y in shaping cogni ion in esponse
o en i onmen al s imuli, Va ela e al., 1991, 2017). AI can accele a e
he nex e olu iona y phase o knowledge, which in ol es g ea e
in eg a ion and complexi y in how cogni i e sys ems in e ac wi h hei
en i onmen and each o he .
Gi en ha human memo y is he mani es a ion o s uc u al modi-
ica ion, which is closely ela ed o lea ning, he noosphe e, as a space
o he de elopmen o his ou h e olu iona y momen o knowledge,
can change ou unde s anding o wha we cu en ly unde s and as dig-
i al memo y, which is bina y and eco ds knowledge ans o med in o
language, o a g ea e s a e o unde s anding o he en i onmen and
humani y i sel . I is an ac i e p ocess o engaging wi h pas e en s in he
p esen a he han a s a ic eposi o y o in o ma ion.
Di e en ypes o memo y (associa i e, episodic) a e linked o he
e olu ion o he b ain. Va ela wa ned agains wo majo pi alls in he
unde s anding o knowledge: he ce ain y ha he wo ld is ixed and
immu able, leading o dogma ism and in lexibili y, and he mis aken
idea ha a ionali y and emo ion a e dis inc when hey a e inhe en ly
in e wined in cogni i e p ocesses. The noosphe e would allow he
e olu ion o mul iplexed memo y, enabling he in eg a ion o knowl-
edge, i s apid access, and i s complex de elopmen , which would allow
in elligen sys ems (humans and machines) o in e ac wi h each o he .
He e, he challenge mus be unde aken by humans, who should
de elop hei cogni i e abili ies h ough educa ion ha emphasizes
lexibili y and adap abili y o e me e con en acquisi ion. This implies
me hods ha in eg a e he body and emo ion in o he lea ning p ocess o
os e deepe unde s anding and e en ion. Acco ding o Va ela, ue
au onomy in ol es he capaci y o sel -o ganiza ion and adap a ion
wi hin cons ain s, no jus independence om ex e nal in luences.
Communica ion and language a e seen as in e nal eo ganiza ions o
in e ac ing sys ems, c ea ing sha ed meaning a he han me ely
exchanging in o ma ion.
In his e olu iona y p ocess o knowledge, Pie e Teilha d de Cha -
din p oposes a new e olu iona y phase in which a new space o in e -
ac ion o human knowledge is con igu ed, which he calls he noosphe e,
o which we b ie ly de elop i s cha ac e is ics below.
Noosphe e: he space o human knowledge
The noosphe e is conside ed he collec i e de elopmen o con-
sciousness and knowledge (Pe e s & Re eley, 2015), a laye ha has
eme ged h ough he in e ac ion and accumula ion o human knowl-
edge and is cha ac e ized by he p esence and p edominance o human
hough .
I can also be unde s ood as a supe o ganism, which is no composed
o human b ains bu o a b ain o b ains, whe e each componen o he
collec i e b ain is i sel a cen e o e lec ion. Unlike o he na u al su-
pe o ganisms (such as e mi e mounds, an hills, and beehi es), which
a e o ganized a ound a amilial s uc u e, he human noosphe e o su-
pe o ganism is based on he ex ao dina ily binding p ope y o
hough , which can uni e gene ically un ela ed indi iduals in o unc-
ionally o ganized g oups (Wilson, 2023).
The e m is de i ed om he G eek
ν
οῦ
ς
("nous") meaning "mind" and
σ
φ
α
ῖ
ρα
("sphai a") meaning "sphe e.” The concep o he noosphe e,
o iginally coined concu en ly by Russian geochemis Vladimi Ve -
nadsky and F ench Jesui paleon ologis Pie e Teilha d de Cha din in
he mid-20 h cen u y, is b oadly in e p e ed as he wo ld ans o med by
humans and human hough . Ve nadsky de ined i as he physical
mani es a ion o human hough in he biosphe e, he wo ld ans o med
by man (Wyndham, 2000). Cha din desc ibed he noosphe e as he
hinking laye ; ou side and abo e he biosphe e, he noosphe e exis s
C. Col he and J.P. Doussoulin
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100625
3
(Cha din, 1964).
Addi ionally, i has been p oposed ha he in e ne is he medium
ha b ings he noosphe e o li e, specula ing on he possibili y o a
hypo he ical machine, called he "Nooscompu e " o N-compu e , which
would consume less ene gy and allow ci iliza ion o each he poin o
echnological singula i y and he eme gence o human‒machine su-
pe in elligence (Lahoz-Bel a, 2018). In he noosphe e con ex , he
“omega poin ,” exp essed as he end o which human knowledge con-
e ges, can be de ined in he con ex o he concep o Teilha d de Ja din
Flo io, (2016), which concep ualizes he na u al e olu ion o how
human knowledge no only in eg a es bu also ans o ms human
eali y.
The exis ence o his space may imply se e al aspec s in he gene -
a ion and ansmission o human knowledge, as ollows (see Table 1).
Table 1 shows key aspec s o he noosphe e in he knowledge socie y.
In pa icula , he noosphe e sugges s a high deg ee o connec i i y and
in e connec ion among indi iduals and socie ies. This in e connec ed-
ness is undamen al because i acili a es he apid and e icien
exchange o in o ma ion and knowledge. In a globally connec ed wo ld,
ba ie s o in o ma ion low a e minimized, enabling no only as e
communica ion bu also he syn hesis o di e se ideas ac oss di e en
cul u es and disciplines. This ubiqui ous connec i i y can lead o an
accele a ed pace o inno a ion and a deepe unde s anding o global
issues.
The noosphe e in eg a es knowledge om a ious domains and
anscends adi ional disciplina y bounda ies. By os e ing an en i-
onmen whe e knowledge om dispa a e ields can me ge, he
noosphe e con ibu es o a iche , mo e comp ehensi e unde s anding
o complex phenomena. This in eg a ion mo es us om basic knowledge
acquisi ion o deepe comp ehension and expe ien ial lea ning, acili-
a ing a mo e enligh ened app oach o educa ion and in ellec ual in-
qui y ha is e lec i e o a uly in e connec ed wo ld.
The eme gence o a collec i e consciousness h ough he noosphe e
implies a sha ed unde s anding and pooling o knowledge among in-
di iduals. This phenomenon expands he cogni i e each o indi iduals
by p o iding access o a as ne wo k o human expe iences and in-
sigh s. As a esul , decision-making becomes mo e in o med and
nuanced, e lec ing he collec i e wisdom accumula ed o e gene a ions
and sha ed h ough con empo a y digi al pla o ms.
By enabling as e syn hesis and collec i e enhancemen o ideas, he
noosphe e plays a pi o al ole in he e olu ion o knowledge. I no only
accele a es he pace a which knowledge is gene a ed bu also enhances
he quali y o ou pu s by le e aging collec i e in ellec ual esou ces.
This dynamic en i onmen encou ages con inuous inno a ion and
adap a ion, which a e c ucial o add essing he apidly changing needs
o socie y.
The noosphe e’s acili a ion o global collabo a ion posi ions i as an
essen ial ool o sol ing complex global challenges such as clima e
change, sus ainable de elopmen , and pandemic esponse. By ha ness-
ing collec i e wisdom, he noosphe e enables a mo e cohesi e and co-
o dina ed app oach o p oblem sol ing ha anscends na ional and
cul u al ba ie s, po en ially leading o mo e sus ainable and e ec i e
solu ions.
The noosphe e encou ages he de elopmen o new modes o in e -
ac ion be ween humans and hei collec i e knowledge. These new
modes o in e ac ion no only make knowledge mo e accessible bu also
he possibili y o accessing collec i ely en iched knowledge, po en ially
al e ing he way knowledge is consumed and u ilized in socie y. This
signi ies change in he way ha knowledge is in e connec ed, applied
and in eg a ed, and i s ad ancemen holds he po en ial o c ea e so-
phis ica ed collec i e in elligence ha can s imula e c ea i e p oblem-
sol ing complexes and b oaden ou comp ehension o he knowledge
ha cu en ly exis s and opens new ways o unde s anding and gene -
a ing knowledge. An ini ial example o his ype o knowledge could be
expe ienced wi h espec o he COVID-19 pandemic, whe e collec i e
e o made i possible o sol e a di icul puzzle in a sho ime (Wu
e al., 2024).
Howe e , he e a e also e hical and p i acy challenges ha hese
cha ac e is ics pose o humani y. Wi h such a high le el o in e con-
nec ion, ques ions a ise abou mo al aspec s conce ning knowledge
managemen , p i acy, knowledge con ol, and owne ship o knowl-
edge/copy igh , as well as he e hical managemen o a as ne wo k o
sha ed knowledge ha enables he ansi ion om a knowledge socie y
o a socie y o unde s anding.
Wilson (2017) p esen ed a sys em in eg a ing he biosphe e,
noosphe e and echnology. We a gue in Fig. 1 ha o ganisms and sys-
ems inc ease hei amoun o in e ac ion depending on an inc ease in
complexi y, as has al eady been examined by many w i e s.bib48
An in e media e s a e o complexi y in which ela ionships occu in
he noosphe e wi hou echnology, connec ed o Teilha d de Ja din’s
s udies; inally, we p opose a s a e media ed by echnology, whe e e-
la ionships occu h ough a me a e se in he Technosphe e. This p i-
ma y s a e o physical complexi y is illus a ed by Ve nadsky’s
biosphe e (Ve nadsky, 1945), and he ela ionships o biological
Table 1
Key Aspec s o he Noosphe e and I s Impac on Human Knowledge and Socie y.
Aspec Desc ip ion Au ho s
Connec i i y and
In e connec ion
The noosphe e sugges s a high
deg ee o connec i i y and
in e connec ion among
indi iduals and socie ies, which
acili a es he apid and
e icien exchange o
in o ma ion and knowledge.
(Shoshi aish ili,
2021)
Collec i e
Consciousness
The noosphe e in eg a es
knowledge and anscends
a eas and disciplines, leading o
a deepe unde s anding o
knowledge— om knowing o
unde s anding and
expe iencing.
(A guelles, 2011;
Beigi & Heylighen,
2021)
In eg a ion o Human
Knowledge
Implies he exis ence o a
collec i e consciousness o
sha ed unde s anding, whe e
he knowledge and expe iences
o indi iduals a e in eg a ed
in o a b oade ne wo k o
human knowledge.
(Pe e s & Re eley,
2015)
E olu ion o
Knowledge
The noosphe e could accele a e
he e olu ion o knowledge,
s imula ing new ways o
o ganizing knowledge and new
ways o using knowledge
(Che niko a e al.,
2021)
Impac on
unde s anding
Knowledge and
Lea ning
The exis ence o a noosphe e
could ans o m he way we
lea n and each. I makes i
possible o imp o e he
cogni i e abili ies o he human
being, pe sonalizing access o
knowledge acco ding o he
needs and lea ning s yles o
each indi idual
(Goncha enko e al.,
2020)
Sol ing Global
P oblems
The noosphe e could acili a e
global collabo a ion in
p oblem-sol ing, le e aging
collec i e wisdom o add ess
global challenges o in e es o
humani y o ha h ea en i s
exis ence, such as: clima e
change, sus ainable
de elopmen , and he su i al
o humani y in he ace o
pandemics o disas e s.
(Go bache e al.,
2012; Tu ko , 2019)
C ea ion o New Fo ms
o In e ac ion
The noosphe e may gene a e
new o ms o in e ac ion
be ween humans and hei
knowledge in socie y.
(Houben e al., 2013;
Shoshi aish ili,
2021)
Sou ce: he au ho s.
C. Col he and J.P. Doussoulin
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100625
4
sel -dependence a e closely ela ed o he au opoiesis o Ma u ana and
Va ela (Va ela e al., 1974).
The concep o he noosphe e has been c i icized. Galleni and
G oessens-Van Dyck (2017) men ioned ha i s eligious o igin can make
con e sa ion wi h o he a eas ha use he concep di icul . Wilson
(2017) a gues ha i can be con used wi h he biosphe e, especially i we
conside Venadsky’s concep , and Lahoz-Bel a (2018) c i icizes he
noosphe e, which can unc ion as a limi ing ac o o each he poin o
echnological singula i y ela ed o a i icial in elligence.
The exis ence o a noosphe e would ha e p o ound implica ions o
he way we gene a e, sha e, and use knowledge, po en ially ans-
o ming he social, educa ional, and echnological s uc u es o ou so-
cie y and posing signi ican challenges o humani y. The media ing ole
o AI in he noosphe e in oduces a ange o po en ial isks ha need
ca e ul conside a ion and managemen . We add ess hese challenges in
he nex sec ion.
AI as a b idge o he noosphe e
AI is posi ioned as a ans o ma i e agen in he ealm o human
knowledge. This echnology is no only a ool o au oma ing p ocesses
o analyzing la ge olumes o da a bu also a c ucial b idge o con-
nec ing and expanding humani y’s collec i e wisdom. How can a i icial
in elligence accele a e he e olu ion o human knowledge and acili a e
he de elopmen o he noosphe e, and wha ole does i play in his
p ocess? AI can play a key ole in he de elopmen o he noosphe e in
wo essen ial aspec s, such as becoming an in eg a ing agen o human
knowledge and a media ing agen o his new space, which a e desc ibed
below.
AI as an in eg a ing agen o humani y’s knowledge
One o he mos impac ul aspec s o AI is i s abili y o p ocess and
analyze da a a a scale and speed ha a exceeds human capabili ies
(Dwi edi e al., 2021). This no only allows o a be e unde s anding o
pa e ns and ends ac oss a ious a eas o knowledge bu also enables
he disco e y o ela ionships and insigh s ha we e p e iously inac-
cessible. Fo example, in he ield o medicine, AI can analyze millions o
pa ien eco ds o iden i y ends and co ela ions ha may lead o new
ea men s and he apies (Lin & Wu, 2022).
Addi ionally, AI democ a izes access o knowledge and enables i s
c ea ion. Th ough adap i e lea ning sys ems and pe sonalized educa-
ional pla o ms, AI can p o ide ailo ed lea ning expe iences o in-
di iduals wo ldwide, ega dless o hei geog aphical loca ion o
economic esou ces. This no only enhances educa ion and aining bu
also enables a la ge numbe o people o con ibu e o he global
knowledge pool (Maghsudi e al., 2021).
AI is also ans o ming he way we in e ac and collabo a e. AI-
d i en communica ion pla o ms acili a e connec ions be ween in-
di iduals and g oups wi h common in e es s and goals, o e coming
linguis ic and cul u al ba ie s (Ogie e al., 2018). This os e s mo e
e ec i e collabo a ion and as e dissemina ion o knowledge and ideas.
AI can acili a e communica ion and connec i i y on a global scale,
o e coming language and geog aphical ba ie s, and au oma ic ans-
la ion sys ems and i ual assis an s can enable smoo he and mo e
comp ehensible in e ac ions be ween people om di e en egions and
languages and imp o e communica ion and connec i i y (Zempl´
enyi
e al., 2023).
AI echnologies can enhance collabo a ion pla o ms, os e ing he
c ea ion o online communi ies whe e in o ma ion and knowledge a e
exchanged, and collabo a i e p ojec s a e conduc ed on a global scale o
sol e p oblems and challenges as a human species, ealizing one o he
pu poses o he Noosphe e (Pe e s & Re eley, 2015).
Th ough i ual and augmen ed eali y and de ices ha in e ac wi h
humans, AI can c ea e new o ms o in e ac ion, whe e imme si e en-
i onmen s o educa ion, wo k, and leisu e o e new ways o expe i-
ence and sha e knowledge (Lehman-Wilzig & Lehman-Wilzig, 2021).
AI is eme ging as a ca alys o human knowledge, acili a ing
b oade and deepe access o knowledge, enhancing global collabo a-
ion and communica ion, and accele a ing inno a ion and disco e y
(Hols ein e al., 2020; Ja ahi e al., 2023).
AI as a media o o he noosphe e
AI can no only enable he exis ence o he noosphe e bu also
acili a e he e olu ion o he way knowledge is gene a ed, ac ing as a
Fig. 1. The noosphe e ep esen s a signi ican e olu ion in he way knowledge.
Sou ce: Au ho s’ inspi ed by Geo gescu-Roegen, (1971); Ma u ana e al. (2003); Teilha d de Cha din, (1930).
C. Col he and J.P. Doussoulin
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100625
5
media ing en i y o he knowledge ha is de eloped by humani y. This
media ing ole o AI enhances in e connec ion and in o ma ion ex-
change, p omo ing a collec i e consciousness and a ansdisciplina y
in eg a ion o knowledge (Pe e s & Re eley, 2015).
Th ough enhanced communica ion pla o ms and da a analysis, AI
enables he o ma ion o global i ual communi ies and os e s a ho-
lis ic unde s anding o human knowledge, aligning wi h he noosphe e’s
objec i es o o e come disciplina y di isions and os e knowledge
syn hesis (Hall & Kilpa ick, 2011).
AI inno a es in c ea ing new o ms o in e ac ion and communica-
ion, s imula ing he e olu ion o social and cul u al dynamics. This ole
o AI no only ede ines he way we in e ac wi h knowledge and each
o he bu also ein o ces he idea o he noosphe e as a cons an ly
e ol ing en i y, expanding and deepening h ough he in eg a ion o
echnology in o he ab ic o human collec i e consciousness. In Table 2,
we explo e se e al o hese aspec s, which summa ize he dimensions o
he noosphe e ha a e likely o be a ec ed by he de elopmen o AI and
he eme ging ools and echnologies ha a e enabling media ion.
AI eme gence echnologies, such as ad anced neu al ne wo k-based
models designed o gene a e human-like ex on he basis o he inpu
hey ecei e (GPT-4, BERT, e c.), play c ucial oles in o e coming lan-
guage ba ie s and acili a ing global communica ion h ough ad anced
na u al language p ocessing (Panchend a ajan & Zubiaga, 2024).
Addi ionally, neu al ne wo ks a e designed o ecognize pa e ns and
lea n om la ge olumes o da a and hus sol e complex asks (Lapo &
Cumbicus-Pineda, 2024).
AI can acili a e collabo a ion h ough social media and collabo a-
ion pla o ms ha allow people o exchange ideas and wo k oge he on
global p ojec s ( ools such as Mi o AI and No ion AI), allowing collab-
o a ion and ecen ly becoming a collabo a o (Schmu z e al., 2024). An
online communi y pla o m is a digi al space whe e indi iduals wi h
sha ed in e es s, goals, o iden i ies ga he o in e ac , sha e in o ma-
ion, and collabo a e i ually. These pla o ms se e as hubs o
os e ing connec ions, discussions, and he exchange o ideas among
membe s, and AI can manage knowledge bases and sol e p oblems be-
ween use s, becoming a specialized assis an o he communi y (Kim
e al., 2023).
High-p o ile successes deploying AI in domains such as p o ein
olding ha e highligh ed AI’s po en ial o unlock new on ie s o sci-
en i ic knowledge by analyzing and syn hesizing da a om mul iple
sou ces, leading o in e disciplina y disco e ies, syn hesizing in o ma-
ion om a ious disciplines o c ea e a comp ehensi e unde s anding
o complex issues, in eg a ing human knowledge and posi ioning AI as a
ca alys o scien i ic disco e y (Law ence & Mon gome y, 2024).
Howe e , o consolida e hese AI de elopmen s, an open da a science
en i onmen ha p o ides he bene i s o AI in all a eas o he sciences is
needed. Tools eme gen o AlphaFold, IBM Wa son Disco e y, Google
DeepMind’s, Mic oso Azu e Synapse Analy ics, Zyme gen, Seman ic
Schola .
AI can acili a e he c ea ion o echnologies ha allow knowledge
o ganiza ions o help b eakdown silos and acili a e he iden i ica ion
and access o exis ing ele an siloed knowledge (Lo z e al., 2023).
Recen wo k has explo ed he cu en capabili ies o knowledge in e-
g a ion echnologies (la ge language models (LLMs), simila i y g aphs
(SGs), and knowledge g aphs (KGs)).
As Va ela no ed, a cu en challenge is he need o human beings o
imp o e hei cogni i e abili ies, along wi h de elopmen s in AI. In his
sense, he e a e now a ious echnologies ha make i possible o
pe sonalize access o knowledge acco ding o he needs and lea ning
s yles o each indi idual (Peso ski e al., 2024). This implies me hods
ha in eg a e he body and emo ion in o he lea ning p ocess o os e
deepe unde s anding and e en ion and aining he plas ici y o he
b ain, c ea ing sha ed meaning a he han me ely exchanging
in o ma ion.
AI can acili a e he in e ac ion o knowledge in he noosphe e o be
e icien and luid, gene a ing syne gy in scien i ic collabo a ion and
echnological p og ess h ough ools ha acili a e he loca ion o ele-
an knowledge and imp o e he unde s anding o mul idimensional
p oblems ha a lic o may a lic humani y in he u u e, acili a ing
as e indings. An incipien example o his le el o deep collabo a ion
Table 2
Summa y o he dimensions o he sphe e o knowledge and he possible
media ing e ec s o AI and eme ging AI ools and echnologies.
Dimensions AI Eme ging AI Tools and
Technologies
Connec i i y and
In e connec ion
O e comes language and
geog aphical ba ie s,
acili a ing global
communica ions h ough
au oma ic ansla o s,
i ual assis an s and i ual
collabo a o /men o .
Na u al language
p ocessing (NLP) is a
b anch o a i icial
in elligence, which
combines compu a ional
linguis ics, machine
lea ning, and deep
lea ning models o p ocess
human language
(Cha GPT, Bing, Ba d,
e c.). Neu al Ne wo ks:
F amewo ks such as
(Tenso Flow, PyTo ch)
Collec i e
Consciousness
Enhances social ne wo king
and collabo a ion
pla o ms, c ea ing online
communi ies o
in o ma ion exchange and
collabo a ion on global
p ojec s.
AI-d i en Collabo a ion
Tools o enhancing eam
collabo a ion (Mi o AI,
No ion AI) and
Communi y Pla o m.
In eg a ion o
Human Knowledge
Analyzes and syn hesizes
da a om mul iple sou ces,
acili a ing in e disciplina y
disco e ies and
ad ancemen s.
I allows use s o ex ac ,
analyze, and syn hesize
la ge olumes o
in o ma ion om mul iple
sou ces (IBM Wa son
Disco e y, Google
DeepMind’s AlphaFold,
Mic oso Azu e Synapse
Analy ics, Zyme gen,
Seman ic Schola ).
Quan um Compu ing o
sol ing complex p oblems
(IBM Quan um Sys em
One, Google’s Sycamo e)
E olu ion o
Knowledge
S imula ing new ools o
o ganizing knowledge and
new ways o using i
knowledge-o ganizing
echnology (KGs, and SGs)
Impac on
unde s anding
knowledge and
Lea ning
I makes i possible o
imp o e he cogni i e
abili ies o he human
being, pe sonalizing access
o knowledge acco ding o
he needs and lea ning
s yles o each indi idual
Adap i e Lea ning
Sys ems: Technologies
like Knew on and Sma
Spa ow o pe sonalized
educa ion. AI Tu o s:
Tools like Squi el AI and
Cen u y Tech o e ing
ailo ed lea ning
expe iences and eal- ime
eedback.
Sol ing Global
P oblems
Facili a e global
collabo a ion in p oblem-
sol ing, le e aging
collec i e wisdom o
add ess global challenges o
in e es o humani y o ha
h ea en i s exis ence
C ea ion o New
Fo ms o
In e ac ion
D i es c ea i i y and
inno a ion, may gene a e
new o ms o in e ac ion
be ween humans and hei
knowledge in socie y.
Vi ual Reali y (VR):
Eme ging pla o ms like
Oculus Ques 3 and HTC
Vi e P o 2 o imme si e
lea ning and in e ac ion.
Augmen ed Reali y (AR):
Tools like Mic oso
HoloLens and Magic Leap
o enhancing eal-wo ld
en i onmen s wi h digi al
in o ma ion.
Sou ce: Au ho s’ own elabo a ion.
C. Col he and J.P. Doussoulin
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100625
6
a ound a global challenge was he COVID-19 pandemic, which chal-
lenged humani y o ind an e ec i e cu e in he sho es possible ime
(Wu e al., 2024).
Technologies such as i ual eali y (VR) o e imme si e lea ning
en i onmen s ha ans o m how knowledge is expe ienced and sha ed.
Simila ly, augmen ed eali y (AR) enhances eal-wo ld en i onmen s
wi h digi al in o ma ion, c ea ing new oppo uni ies o in e ac ion and
collabo a ion ha b idge he physical and digi al wo lds. The me a e se
will ha ness ad ancemen s om a ious echnologies, such as a i icial
in elligence, ex ended eali y (XR) and mixed eali y (MR), o p o ide
pe sonalized and imme si e se ices o i s use s and gene a e new o ms
o in e ac ion be ween humans and hei knowledge in socie y (Alkaeed
e al., 2024; Schmid e al., 2024).
These eme ging AI ools and echnologies a e no jus suppo ing he
dimensions o he noosphe e— hey a e ac i ely expanding and ans-
o ming hem. The ans o ma i e po en ial o AI in he noosphe e, as
ou lined in Table 2, demons a es how eme ging echnologies d i e
connec i i y, inno a ion, and knowledge in eg a ion. Howe e , his
same po en ial esul s in signi ican e hical and social isks ha mus be
ca e ully managed.
AI, he e o e, is no only a ool wi hin he noosphe e bu also a
ans o ma i e elemen ha ede ines and expands i s capabili ies and
each (Up e i, 2023). The idea o a noosphe e media ed by AI aises
nume ous e hical challenges, isks, and dange s, as well as signi ican
social implica ions (Jaseˇ
cko ´
a e al., 2022), as p oposed in Fig. 1.
One o he main isks associa ed wi h AI as a media o in he
noosphe e is he po en ial concen a ion o con ol o e AI sys ems
hemsel es (Tweed, 2018). I hese sys ems a e p edominan ly de el-
oped and con olled by a ew la ge ech companies o s a es, he e could
be an unp eceden ed cen aliza ion o powe o e how knowledge is
selec ed, sha ed, and accessed. This cen aliza ion could lead o a
monopoliza ion o he "ma ke place o ideas," whe e ce ain na a i es
a e p omo ed o e o he s, which could s i le di e si y and plu ali y in
global knowledge (Ingbe , 1984).
Ano he isk is ela ed o da a p i acy and secu i y, as AI sys ems
equi e access o as amoun s o pe sonal da a. The isk ex ends beyond
me e unau ho ized access o da a and includes conce ns abou how da a
a e used o shape indi idual and collec i e knowledge expe iences.
Wi hou s ic sa egua ds, he po en ial o su eillance and manipula-
ion o cogni i e and lea ning p ocesses could pose a se ious isk o he
au onomy and e olu ion o knowledge (Lee & Pe ina, 2018).
AI sys ems, o he ex en ha hey a e ained wi hou ega d o
e hical p inciples o sa egua d he occu ence o sys emic biases in
aining da a, can lead o AI-media ed knowledge ha pe pe ua es
exis ing biases (Ande son & Ande son, 2007; Man a o & Tu ubalin,
2018). In addi ion, he po en ial o AI o unin en ionally sp ead
misin o ma ion due o algo i hmic e o s o ulne abili ies could lead o
widesp ead misconcep ions and hinde in o med decision-making on a
global scale.
Adding o his di icul y, he sca ci y o a ie y in massi e da abases,
which acili a es he de elopmen o di e se in elligence, can lead o
segmen a ion o knowledge and seg ega ion o hose who canno access
hese sou ces o in o ma ion, limi ing he po en ial de elopmen o
knowledge (Fox, 2017). He e is he isk o commodi ying access o he
knowledge space and hus limi ing he de elopmen o knowledge ha is
u ili a ian and economically aluable o he de imen o necessa y
knowledge linked o he common good and uni e sal bene i
(Ve degem, 2022).
Ano he p esen isk is ha he inc easing eliance on AI o media e
knowledge and lea ning p ocesses could lead o a decline in c i ical
hinking and p oblem-sol ing skills among humans. This dependency
could lead o a scena io in which humans a e less capable o hinking
independen ly and a e o e ly dependen on AI o cogni i e and in el-
lec ual asks, which could lead o a deg ada ion o human in ellec ual
capabili ies o e ime and limi he e olu iona y de elopmen al capa-
bili ies o he noosphe e.
These isks a e in addi ion o hose cu en ly discussed in he li e -
a u e, such as he ollowing. a) E hics and biases: AI can pe pe ua e and
ampli y exis ing biases in aining da a, leading o un ai and disc imi-
na o y decisions (Gio anola & Ti ibelli, 2023). b) Da a p i acy and se-
cu i y: AI equi es la ge amoun s o pe sonal in o ma ion, which aises
conce ns abou da a p i acy and secu i y (N ou si e al., 2020). c)
Inequali y in access o echnology: he e is a isk ha AI will exace ba e
inequali ies i i is a ailable only o ce ain popula ions (Mülle , 2014).
d) T anspa ency and explainabili y: he need o imp o e he ans-
pa ency and explainabili y o algo i hms o os e use con idence and
accep ance (Felzmann e al., 2020). e) Monopolize and con ol AI: a oid
monopoliza ion and con ol o AI by a small numbe o la ge co po a-
ions, p omo ing di e si y (Roche e al., 2023).
These challenges highligh he complexi y o in eg a ing AI in o so-
cie y in a way ha maximizes i s bene i s and minimizes i s isks,
espec ing undamen al human alues and igh s and ul ima ely helping
he e olu ion o knowledge. Fig. 2 summa izes he challenges and isks
conside ed p e iously.
E hical challenges posed by he AI-media ed noosphe e
The e a e e hical implica ions ha need o be add essed in he
e en uali y ha a space equi alen o he noosphe e powe ed by AI and
i s abili y o manage human knowledge is consolida ed (Felzmann e al.,
2020; Roche e al., 2023). In his sense, i is ele an o conside he main
e hical, social, and legal isks associa ed wi h he in eg a ion o AI in o
he noosphe e and how hese isks can be mi iga ed h ough app op ia e
policies and egula ions. We add ess hese aspec s below.
E hical aspec s
Al hough AI has he po en ial o democ a ize access o knowledge,
he e is also a isk ha i could exace ba e exis ing inequali ies. Dis-
pa i ies in access o AI echnologies could lead o a digi al di ide whe e
only ce ain popula ions bene i om AI-media ed ad ancemen s in
knowledge, while o he s a e le behind.
To mi iga e hese isks, a comp ehensi e amewo k in ol ing obus
egula o y s anda ds, anspa en AI de elopmen p ocesses, and ac i e
pa icipa ion om a b oad spec um o s akeholde s is essen ial (Walz &
Fi h-Bu e ield, 2019). Such measu es would ensu e ha AI’s in e-
g a ion in o he noosphe e is bene icial and equi able, suppo ing he
collec i e ad ancemen o global knowledge wi hou comp omising
e hical s anda ds o human alues.
Figs. 1 and 2 p esen he ela ionship be ween complexi y and e hics.
We a gue ha when sys ems become complex, he e is a g ea e e hical
obliga ion. Add essing hese e hical challenges is c i ical o ensu ing
ha AI’s ole as a media o in he noosphe e con ibu es posi i ely o he
ad ancemen o human knowledge and socie al de elopmen . By
es ablishing comp ehensi e e hical s anda ds and egula o y ame-
wo ks, we can ha ness AI’s po en ial while sa egua ding undamen al
alues and p omo ing a sus ainable and equi able knowledge ecosys em.
A i icial in elligence assumes a pi o al ole in he managemen and
gene a ion o human knowledge. These challenges s em p ima ily om
AI’s in luence on he low and accessibili y o in o ma ion, i s impac on
collec i e consciousness, and i s ole in he e olu ion o human knowl-
edge. Fi s and o emos , access o massi e amoun s o aining da a and
access o AI-enabled lea ning a e a he o e on . The ex ensi e da a
equi ed o powe AI wi hin he noosphe e necessi a e obus sa egua ds
o p e en he monopoly o knowledge (Sa adi & Wa son, 2023),
ensu ing ee access o human knowledge, he he i age o all. Addi-
ionally, he consen and anspa ency ega ding AI ope a ions mus be
clea . Use s should be ully awa e o how hei da a a e used and mus
ha e he abili y o op ou o da a collec ion, ensu ing ha hei
engagemen wi h he noosphe e emains olun a y and in o med
(Gaspa ini & Kau onen, 2022).
Ano he c i ical issue is he po en ial o bias and disc imina ion in
AI algo i hms (Gio anola & Ti ibelli, 2023). AI sys ems o en e lec he
C. Col he and J.P. Doussoulin
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100625
7
biases p esen in hei aining da a, which could lead o skewed
knowledge and ein o ced socie al inequali ies wi hin he noosphe e.
P oac i e measu es, including he di e si ica ion o aining da ase s
and igo ous es ing o bias, a e essen ial o cul i a ing ai ness and
objec i i y in AI-media ed in e ac ions.
The impac o AI on collec i e consciousness implies ha he
noosphe e does no expe ience es ic ions ega ding he ype o
hinking and lines o esea ch o be de eloped o ha he need o o m
new knowledge is ins umen alized. Mo eo e , he au onomy and
human agency wi hin he noosphe e mus be p ese ed. O e eliance on
AI could unde mine human in ellec ual engagemen and decision-
making capabili ies. I is c ucial o design AI sys ems ha complemen
and augmen human in elligence a he han eplace i , he eby
encou aging meaning ul human con ibu ions and main aining indi-
idual au onomy (Edwa ds, 2021).
The sus ainabili y o knowledge wi hin an AI-media ed noosphe e
equi es ca e ul conside a ion. AI sys ems should be designed o suppo
he di e si y and g ow h o knowledge, a oiding na ow ocuses on
p edominan o p o i able in o ma ion s eams. P ese ing a b oad
spec um o knowledge and cul u al exp essions ensu es ha he
noosphe e emains a ich, dynamic eposi o y o human unde s anding.
Social aspec s
The in eg a ion o AI in o sys ems as complex and global as he
noosphe e could ha e p o ound social implica ions, such as changes in
he na u e o wo k, educa ion, and social in e ac ion (Hols ein e al.,
2020). A new dynamic in he ela ionship be ween echnology and so-
cie y migh eme ge, whe e collec i e decision-making and consensus
o ma ion could be signi ican ly in luenced by au oma ed sys ems.
A noosphe e can cause changes in how socie y unc ions, and i AI
media es his, i can cause signi ican shi s in ele an dimensions o
con empo a y socie y, such as he na u e o wo k and he economy (Lee
& Pe ina, 2018). Educa ion and aining would need o adap o p epa e
people o a wo ld whe e AI is p ominen , os e ing complemen a y and
adap i e skills.
The noosphe e could d ama ically ans o m educa ional me hod-
ologies by emphasizing collabo a i e lea ning and knowledge c ea ion
h ough ne wo ks and impac knowledge o ma ion and lea ning. This
shi p omo es a mo e ac i e, pa icipa o y lea ning expe ience whe e
lea ne s a e no only consume s o in o ma ion bu also con ibu o s o
he collec i e knowledge base. Such an app oach is likely o cul i a e
c i ical hinking and p oblem-sol ing skills, which a e essen ial o
h i ing in a knowledge-d i en economy.
The social in eg a ion o AI aims o mi iga e po en ial con lic s o
ejec ion. The e is a need o mo e agile go e nance in o e seeing
eme ging echnologies such as AI and obo ics. The use o go e nance
coo dina ion commi ees (GCCs) is p oposed as a way o add ess he
e hical and legal challenges associa ed wi h AI (Wallach & Ma chan ,
2019). Addi ionally, hey sugges he implemen a ion o new mecha-
nisms o en o ce "so law" app oaches o AI h ough coo dina ed ins i-
u ional con ols. This app oach could be ele an o o e seeing an
AI-media ed noosphe e, whe e e hical challenges and social implica-
ions a e c i ical.
Legal aspec s
The in eg a ion o a i icial in elligence as a media o in he
noosphe e, a concep ual space whe e human knowledge is concen a ed
and managed, en ails a se ies o legal conside a ions ha mus be
add essed o ensu e i s e hical and equi able use (Walz &
Fi h-Bu e ield, 2019). To ensu e ha AI ope a es e hically and ai ly
wi hin he noosphe e, i is essen ial o es ablish a obus egula o y
amewo k ha includes anspa ency in AI de elopmen . The associa-
ion be ween complexi y and legal challenges is shown in Fig. 1. We
con end ha he e is a g ea e legal obliga ion as sys ems become
inc easingly complex. These legal issues a e linked o a ious da a
managemen issues. The de eloping en i ies mus be anspa en abou
he algo i hms and p ocesses used, allowing o independen audi s and
o e sigh o p e en biases and disc imina ion in he sys em. I is c ucial
Fig. 2. S ages in echnological e olu ion and hei challenges in he ace o inc easing AI.
Sou ce: Own elabo a ion.
C. Col he and J.P. Doussoulin
Jou nal o Inno a ion & Knowledge 9 (2024) 100625
8
