Dhanabagiyam, S. e al.
A icle
Fac o s in luencing g ow h o mic o en ep eneu ship in
he hospi ali y indus y: An empi ical s udy in India
Cogen Business & Managemen
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en ep eneu ship in he hospi ali y indus y: An empi ical s udy in India, Cogen Business &
Managemen , ISSN 2331-1975, Taylo & F ancis, Abingdon, Vol. 11, Iss. 1, pp. 1-14,
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2023.2285260
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Fac o s influencing g ow h o mic o
en ep eneu ship in he hospi ali y indus y: An
empi ical s udy in India
S. Dhanabagiyam, M. Blessy Doe, M. Thamizhsel i, Mohammad I an,
Sanjee Kuma Thala i & P.C. Libeesh
To ci e his a icle: S. Dhanabagiyam, M. Blessy Doe, M. Thamizhsel i, Mohammad
I an, Sanjee Kuma Thala i & P.C. Libeesh (2024) Fac o s influencing g ow h o mic o
en ep eneu ship in he hospi ali y indus y: An empi ical s udy in India, Cogen Business &
Managemen , 11:1, 2285260, DOI: 10.1080/23311975.2023.2285260
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MANAGEMENT | RESEARCH ARTICLE
Fac o s in luencing g ow h o mic o en ep eneu ship
in he hospi ali y indus y: An empi ical s udy in India
S. Dhanabagiyam
1
*, M. Blessy Doe
2
, M. Thamizhsel i
3
, Mohammad I an
1
,
Sanjee Kuma Thala i
4
and P.C. Libeesh
1
Abs ac : En ep eneu ship is he p ocess o economic g ow h, de elopmen ,
c ea ion, and po e y educ ion while all Sus ainable De elopmen Goals (1),
in eg a ed owa ds No Po e y, is he sync ha make he pa h in he needle o
majo li elihood. This a icle examines he in e nal and ex e nal ac o s ha
in luence he g ow h o mic o en ep eneu ship in he hospi ali y indus y.
In e nal ac o s include mo i es and issues and challenges o en ep eneu s and
he ex e nal ac o s include socio-economic ac o s and inancial ac o s ela ed
o ho el indus y. A c i ical examina ion wi h ew li e a u e sugges s o p oceed
u he o unde s and he mo i es and challenges aced by he small hospi ali y
business en ep eneu s along wi h socio-economic ac o s. As a esul o he
assessmen o li e a u e, iden i ica ion o gaps in a ious sec o s and as he
wo ld has ecen ly been expanded o include socio-economic and inancial kinds
o en ep eneu ial ac ion, he esea che s ha e na owed he sea ch o e alua e
mo i a ions and business obs acles aced by small business en ep eneu s in he
hospi ali y indus y. Conside ing some quan i a i e app oach among di e en
small hospi ali y business en ep eneu s, opinion owa ds he a ibu es like
mo i a ion ac o , issues and challenges, g ow h and de elopmen o
S. Dhanabagiyam
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
S. Dhanabagiyam holds a Doc o al deg ee in Managemen , wi h MBA., MBA (T&H). She is Specialized
in Human Resou ce, O ganiza ional Beha io , S a egic Human Resou ces, Ma ke ing. Tou ism and
Hospi ali y Sec o . She is a ib an , en husias ic p o essional wi h nea ly 13 yea s o Academic,
Resea ch and Indus y expe ience in a ious ins i u ion app o ed by AICTE/UGC. Ample expe ience
in academic, esea ch, also cu iculum design in Managemen , Tou ism and T a el Managemen
cou ses. Au ho o book “Mul i a e Feedback o Succession Planning: A S udy on Banking Sec o ”,
and con ibu e egula ly in a icles o Jou nals. She is a p o en esea che on a ious aspec s o
Managemen especially Human Resou ce, Ma ke ing, Tou ism and Hospi ali y Jou nals. She has
published many a icles in in e na ional and na ional jou nals ew o he a icles in UGC Ca e Lis ,
WOS, Scopus and epu ed Jou nals. She is se ing as Edi o ial Membe and Re iewe o Else ie and
Repu ed Jou nals. Also, she has a ended Re eshe Cou ses/STTP/FDP/Wo kshop o ganized by
MHRD, HRDC, UGC, AICTE, ATAL, e c., She has o ganized a ious na ional semina , wo kshop, con-
e ences, indus ial isi s, in e nship, OBT. FDP o S uden s, Resea che and Facul y Membe s. She is
also in membe Boa d o S udies and membe in a ious p o essional bodies like IAAC Socie y, ITHC.
She also isi ed a ious coun ies like Singapo e and Malaysia. She cu en ly con ibu es he ac i e
pa icipa ion academics, guiding doc o al schola s and a ious adminis a i e ac i i ies like NAAC,
IQAC, Communi y Social Se ice ac i i ies, o ganizing con e ence/semina and wo kshops, and she
ecei ed no able awa ds like Young Facul y and Resea che awa d by NFED, Bes Women Facul y
awa d.
Dhanabagiyam e al., Cogen Business & Managemen (2024), 11: 2285260
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2023.2285260
Page 1 o 14
Recei ed: 14 Sep embe 2022
Accep ed: 15 No embe 2023
*Co esponding au ho :
S. Dhanabagiyam,
NSB Academy – Business School,
Bengalu u, India
E-mail: dhanabagiyam am1@gmail.
com
Re iewing edi o :
T e o Wilmshu s , Accoun ing and
Co po a e Go e nance, Uni e si y o
Tasmania - Launces on Campus,
Aus alia
Addi ional in o ma ion is a ailable a
he end o he a icle
© 2024 The Au ho (s). Published by In o ma UK Limi ed, ading as Taylo & F ancis G oup.
This is an Open Access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion
License (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/), which pe mi s un es ic ed use, dis ibu-
ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed. The e ms on
which his a icle has been published allow he pos ing o he Accep ed Manusc ip in
a eposi o y by he au ho (s) o wi h hei consen .
en ep eneu s we e collec ed om a sample o 250 esponden s om
Coimba o e dis ic . To gauge he same, he esea ch p oposed a model ha
assess he in luence o in e nal and ex e nal ac o s on he g ow h o small
business ope a o s. Resul s indica e ha he e exis some in luence among ew
o he in e nal and ex e nal ac o s on p og ess o he en ep eneu s based on
he mo i a ion hey unde go o o e come he challenges and keep hem
engaged in he hospi ali y sec o .
Subjec s: En ep eneu ship; Economics; Indus y & Indus ial S udies; Educa ion – Social
Sciences; Hospi ali y; Tou ism
Keywo ds: mo i a ion; issues and challenges; socio-economic ac o ; inancial ac o
1. In oduc ion
Mos o he de elopmen s in he hospi ali y sec o o he pas wo decades we e highly signi ican
o he g ow h o small businesses. Many philan h opis and decision make s o his pa icula
sec o wan o iden i y he hind ances and e amp wi h inno a ion and g ow h. Many esea che s,
howe e , ex ended beyond he bounda ies o unde s and he economic geog aphy. The e a e
o he unce ain ies s imula ed h ough heo e ical enqui y ha equi ed o e eal how small
businesses “wo ked” and how hey a icula ed wi h he economies o des ina ions. Resea ch
has, howe e , ex ended ac oss he bounda ies o economic geog aphy. Mos in ellec ual e o
needs o be indulged wi h he mo i es, challenges and socio-economic a ibu es. This esea ch
p o ides a comp ehensi e e iew o shape he gaps ha ha e aken place o he las ew decades;
he e a e some challenges iden i ied as he abo e-men ioned a ibu es and hese a ibu es a e
analysed wi h a ious s uc u ed li e a u es.
En ep eneu ship is he engine ha p opels each success ul sec o o company o wa d. The e
a e some sec o s ha a e apidly e ol ing like hospi ali y, ou ism and leisu e sec o wo ldwide
(Bane jee, 2011). Thomas (2000) men ioned ha ou ism always o e s oppo uni ies o s a up
a ious ypes o i s associa ed segmen s, especially in o small o mic obusiness as a sole p op ie o
and in pa ne ship. En ep eneu ship is designed o de elop a g ea e conside a e o he p ocedu e
and backg ound o en ep eneu ship as well as o p o ide key concep s ha enable o become
mo e en ep eneu ial hemsel es (Reijonen, 2007). “An en ep eneu is a pe son who o ganises,
manages, and accep s he isks o a business o en u e,” acco ding o Me iam-Webs e
Dic iona y. The e m en ep eneu ship has many di e en meanings in di e en indus ies and
ields, leading o misunde s anding in bo h he co po a e and academic wo lds (Mohan y, 1992).
En ep eneu ship is “ he desi e, mo i a ion, and abili ies equi ed o es ablish and ope a e
a success ul i m” (Hansen, 2011), which poin ou ha he concep o en ep eneu ship di e s
depending on how oppo uni y is de ined. A clea -cu and con o e sy- ee de ini ion is no whe e
wi hin g asp (Sikalieh, 2010). Many people con la e en ep eneu ship wi h inno a ion; ye , he e is
a signi ican dis inc ion be ween he wo e ms. Mo ison has no iced ha en ep eneu s in he
ou is and hospi ali y indus ies a e p ima ily mo i a ed by a desi e o li e a speci ic social
li es yle, wi h economic mo i a ions playing a seconda y ole. This s udy explains hospi ali y and
ou ism i ms as a leas a minimum o en pe sons a e ec ui ed o execu e he plans in his
pa icula sec o . The e a e many s a -ups inclined owa ds his business o ea ning mo e p o i
o secu i y (A elje ic, 2000). Thomas e al. (2011) explained abou he en ep eneu ial mo i a ion
based on hei li es yle and business o ien a ion. The ype o en ep eneu ial mo i a ion in ou ism
and hospi ali y has been an impo an opic in he li e a u e, which is no mally classi ied as ei he
business o ien ed o li es yle o ien ed. Li es yle en ep eneu s c ea e a business o al e hei
business and li es yle. They a e igni ed wi h ull o aspi a ion o explo a ion and s a some
business away om hei home coun y, o gene a e li es yle bene i s and quali y o li e
(S einsdó i , 2020).
Dhanabagiyam e al., Cogen Business & Managemen (2024), 11: 2285260
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2023.2285260
Page 2 o 14
The de elopmen o en ep eneu ship is impo an and c ucial o he economic g ow h and
well-being o indi iduals o an a ea o a coun y. Since he e is a dea h o go e nmen and p i a e
jobs globally, which is mo e so in he de eloping wo ld, people conside en ep eneu ship as
a ewa ding ca ee op ion (Shubhawi a, 2006). The wo d hospi ali y means “ iendly and gene ous
ecep ion and en e ainmen o gues ”. Acco ding o Singh & Onah ing (2019), hospi ali y indus y
consis s o all ypes o accommoda ion and ca e ing ou le s like ho els, lodges, mo els, boa els,
es au an , bake y, kiosk, milk ba , dhabas, nigh club, disco heque, ake away, banque , as ood
se ice, e c. The ho els and ca e ing houses cons i u e he mos impo an segmen a he
des ina ion. The e o e, he hospi ali y indus y is measu ed as he cen e pilla o he ou ism
indus y. An adequa e de elopmen o ho el and ca e ing houses wi h he o iginal scene y o
a des ina ion, spo ing and en e aining acili ies will no su ice o sus ain a good olume o ou is
ade. I is a ac ha ou ism indus y encou ages he hospi ali y sec o o g ow and ice- e sa
(OECD, 2020). Bill Ga es, o me CEO o Mic oso Co po a ion, in one o his in e iew, ema ked ha
in he coming yea s, se ice sec o (hospi ali y indus y is a pa o se ice sec o ) would be he
la ges indus y in he wo ld.
People a e d awn o en ep eneu ship o he sole pu pose o ounding a i m. These a e some o
hem: En ep eneu s a e in cha ge o hei own des iny. They a e he ones who make he decisions.
They ge o selec who hey do business wi h and wha kind o wo k hey do. They selec how long
hey will wo k, how much hey will be paid, and whe he o no hey will ake holidays. Wo king o
someone else has a lowe chance o a aining big inancial bene i s han en ep eneu ship. I
allows one o be a pa o he en i e business p ocess, om concep o design and de elopmen ,
om sales o business ope a ions and cus ome se ice. I comes wi h he digni y o being in
command. En ep eneu ship p o ides people wi h he oppo uni y o make a di e ence. Mos new
en ep eneu s make a choice decision o pu sue en ep eneu ship a e assis ing local budge
ca ee s whe e hey dwell. The inn indus y is in cha ge o a wide ange o gues accommoda ions.
To be su e, he lodging indus y is associa ed wi h opulen ho els and eso s, bu i also ecalls
sho - e m accommoda ions such as gues houses, mo els, ho els, and inns (Ho el Re iew and
Su ey Commi ee, 1967). The undamen al pu pose o inns is o p o ide ood, be e ages, se ices,
and a sa e ha en o isi o s while hey a e away om home. Ho el managemen en ails o e -
seeing e e y hing ela ing o he ho el sec o . I one wan s o ge in o his indus y, one will need
o lea n abou all aspec s o ho el managemen , including ma ke ing, ho el adminis a ion, ca e -
ing managemen , cleaning, and accoun ing (J ea , 2004). The majo pu pose o s udying he ins
and ou s o ho el managemen is o p ope ly ope a e a ho el while also managing o he elemen s
o he business.
Inn he boa d is a highly concen a ed ac ion ha needs bo h knowledge and expe ise. As
an innkeepe , one should inc ease he adequacy o he inn’s o ices and asse s o modi y limi s
and eques s (Kadam, 2013). One should also be awa e o he g owing numbe o on-line a el
agencies, which ha e gi en his business a new dimension. The execu i es’ objec i e o
inc easing inn e enue is o accep inno a i e ac ics wi h he inal goal o inc easing cus ome
loyal y. While ho el p omo ion and e enue managemen migh be puzzling, he e a e ce ain
low-cos and e ec i e ac ics one can employ in hei inn (Ge s lbe ge , 2021). In his backd op,
he s udy aims o iden i y he mo i es and business challenges by en ep eneu s o he
hospi ali y indus y.
Fo long yea s, nea ly a ound i een yea s, S ee Business School (SBS) majo ly empowe ed
nea ly housands o women o s a hei small scale business o iple hei income. Many o he
women ea n hei pocke money be e by hei small business like handic a s, dai y, cooke y and
o he s. Also, hey suppo hei amily and educa e hei child en, which inc eases he sus ainable
communi ies.
Dhanabagiyam e al., Cogen Business & Managemen (2024), 11: 2285260
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Page 3 o 14
2. Re iew o li e a u e
2.1. In e nal ac o s (mo i es, issues and challenges)
Acco ding o Vincen Cha les (2013), a desi e o independence, mone a y incen i e, lack o
employmen o ca ee possibili ies, and a need o wo k– amily balance a e among he main pull
and push mo i es o becoming an en ep eneu . Popula mo i es o s a ing a business include
a desi e o independence and inancial gain, ime lexibili y, balancing job du ies and ea ning
po en ial, and amily esponsibili ies (Wal owe , 2022), and iden i y mo i a o s such as a desi e o
sel -ac ualiza ion o independence, mo e income, o he abili y o be one’s own boss (Sapple on,
2009). Komppula (2007) disco e ed a ious pe o mance d i e s in small ou is en e p ises
h ough hei esea ch, including unde lining he signi icance o mo i a ion and challenges o
cus ome o ien a ion, excellen leade ship abili ies, in e nal ma ke ing, and a solid i m and
p oduc epu a ion. Al hough he e a e nume ous easons o company ailu e, inance, demand
o ecas ing, managemen , and ma ke ing s a egy and planning a e among he mos ypical
challenges wi h small businesses, pa icula ly hose unde h ee yea s old. Manage ial incapabili y,
quali y managemen ailu e, and insu icien esou ces a e all examples o ailu e ied o in e nal
and ex e nal issues like socio-economic a ibu es (Mo ison, 2004). In his ega d, se e al o hese
ailu es ha e a signi ican link o he mo i a ion and challenges o en ep eneu ial leade ship
(Pe e s, 2008). Many hospi ali y sec o s in Canada say ha a lack o ou is ma ke ing and suppo
om he go e nmen and inancial ins i u ions hampe s hei company g ow h (Chen, 2019),
po en ial egions based on he ac o s, namely he coun o ho els, numbe o ooms and numbe
o beds in he i s pa ; and in he second pa , ou is in o ma ion cen e s, and a el agen s and
a ailabili y o compu e ized sys em o ese a ion o he sea s in he buses. The main indings in
he i s pa a e in e ms o ho el ooms and beds. Manali has eme ged as in ensi ely e y
signi ican ou is po en ial place (TPP); in he second pa , he e a e ou ou is po en ial egions,
namely, Kullu Manali, Simla, Dha amsala-Palampa , and Kang a. Ou o hese, Manali occupies he
i s place as i s TPP has a ained a e y signi ican a ac ion o a high deg ee and consequen ly, i
has placed i sel o e he wo ld ou is map. Domes ic a elle s mos ly use he Indian lodging
indus y, whe eas weal hy ou is s use he luxu y ho el sec o . Only a ew p emium ho els, he
claims, o e sophis ica ed en e ainmen acili ies, while o he s lack any ype o amily en e ain-
men (J ea , 2004). Cu en ly, he hospi ali y sec o aces a lo o challenges and mo i a ion wi h
he p esen ax sys em, because basic in as uc u e is neglec ed. The en ep eneu s a e demo i-
a ed, and inally basic inpu s a e sugges ed like (i) he go e nmen can gi e s onge inancial
incen i es and aid o businesses and (ii) he ooms sold in he ho el a e o be calcula ed on pa
wi h commodi ies sold (S able & Goodall, 1997).
2.2. Ex e nal ac o (social, economic and s a egies)
(Salleh Mohd Radzi, 2015) Many Tou ism De elopmen Co po a ion’s inancial pe o mances a e
calcula ed wi h inancial a ios like ixed asse s a io, wo king capi al a io, ne capi al employed
a io, ne wo h a io, di ec cos a io, g oss p o i a io, in e es a io, e u n on in es men a io,
ope a ing p o i a io, g oss p o i a io, and sala y o sales a io o o e all ou ism de elopmen
co po a ion. Al hough many ou ism de elopmen co po a ions ac oss coun ies use inancial a io
calcula ion (Ge s lbe ge , 2021), he sec o has been a ibu ed o a a ie y o ac o s. She
esea ched and discussed g ow h pa e ns using pe cen ages, g aphs, index numbe s, and linea
and exponen ial g ow h ends. She has also looked a he p esen spa ial o ganisa ion, ocusing
on oom–bed capaci y. Second, she examined he na u e and cha ac e is ics o a pa ial ansi ion
ha occu ed o e he p e ious decade and p edic ed he indus y’s u u e s uc u e. She has also
made an analysis o concen a ion o ho el indus y by using Index, En opy index and Linda Index.
She has also s udied po en ial compe i ion and a i s uc u e in he indus y by using eg ession
analysis. Fu he , by applying G on oos Model, she has s udied he quali y o ho el se ices. She
concludes ha he g ow h o highe spending ho els is mo e imp essi e, and he ho els a e
concen a ed in only six ci ies. Due o he sca ci y o da a, he s udy could no pu sue o he issues
like ac o p oduc i i y, p o i abili y, b eak-e en poin , capi al:ou pu a io, quali y ou pu a io, e c.
(Mohan y, 1992). The bigges challenge be o e he p i a e companies is ha hey ha e o econcile
Dhanabagiyam e al., Cogen Business & Managemen (2024), 11: 2285260
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311975.2023.2285260
Page 4 o 14
hei expansion plans wi h u u is plans o 21s cen u y; o he wise, much o he in es men would
be was e ul. Michael Schmid (2021) ecommended in hei indings ha accommoda ion we e o
gi e a bundle o mone a y, iscal, and o he incen i es in o de o p omo e in es men in he
indus y. Kamya Jaiswal (2012) belie es ha he go e nmen ’s me iculous planning in e ms o
mone a y and iscal incen i es will de ine he u u e o he hospi ali y indus y, encou aging many
young hospi ali y en ep eneu s o en e and in es in he sec o in he u u e, assu ing he
coun y’s con inuous g ow h and de elopmen . He claims ha he ho el sec o is designed o
se e as an in as uc u e o he ou is indus y, which has a huge p o i po en ial owing o
p ospec i e ou ism expansion. The sec o has made a signi ican con ibu ion o he na ional
budge and gi en a conside able numbe o job oppo uni ies, in addi ion o nume ous addi ional
mul iplie e ec s in all segmen s o he business.
Acco ding o Kadam (2013), he p ima y cause o a se back in he hospi ali y sec o includes
lack o sui able in as uc u e such as ai po s, oad anspo a ion, communica ion, and so on. He
eminds ou ha p emium and deluxe ho els s ill ha e a sca ci y o oom acili ies. He ends by
s a ing ha adequa e ou is planning is equi ed o small company en ep eneu s, admi ed o
being independen and in cha ge o hei own a e. Howe e , he u h migh be qui e di e en .
Owne s, o example, ha e no in luence on inancial, ma ke ing, adminis a i e, economic, ech-
nological, o employee- ela ed issues, as well as go e nmen ules and ini ia i es (Vaugh , 2010);
his can easily esul in co po a e ailu e. Acco ding o K ishnaswamy (1980), a coun y mus ha e
ho els a a ied si es in o de o inc ease ou ism. He u he claims ha he na ions om which
India used o a ac ou is s ha e expe ienced a hal in g ow h. The sluggish g ow h a e o ou is
a i als is caused by ac o s such as poli ical un es , inc eases in gasoline p ices, in la ion, and
ecession. I was e ealed in a case s udy ha a company’s accoun ing sys em assis s in unco e -
ing he ue s a e o a ai s in he hospi ali y indus y. Mason (2003) sugges s ha managemen
u ilise ope a ional cha s o a ious depa men s o show p o i /loss, sales, and a ious ope a ing
expendi u es o hese depa men s, as well as hei con ibu ion o he company’s ne p o i abili y,
o e ime, he ex en o which he e is a need o accommoda ion se ices. Many elemen s, such
as he leng h o a isi o ’s s ay and he occupancy a es o ou is lodgings, should be conside ed
when de e mining he numbe o ooms equi ed. The numbe o ooms o beds equi ed o
isi o s inc eases as he yea ly occupancy ises, and ice e sa. The co ec supply, in he igh
place, a he igh ime, and he igh p ice, mus be buil up in e ms o demand. Failu e o accoun
o u u e demand would esul in ei he accommoda ion bo lenecks, which will hu he ou ism
business, o su plus accommoda ion, which will cos he ho el sec o money. Because hese
incomes a e denied o o he de eloping sec o s due o he imp ope alloca ion o sca ce esou ces
o his pu pose, he en i e economy su e s. Bane jee (2011) conduc ed a s udy in his a ea and
looked a he capaci y o ho els in wel e majo ou is ho spo s in U a P adesh. The s udy’s key
conclusions we e ha domes ic ou is s a e no picky abou whe e hey s ay o expec g ea e
se ice. Fo eign isi o s, on he o he hand, wan highe -quali y accommoda ions. As a esul , he e
is a housing sca ci y in esponse o o eign ou is s when enigma ic undamen al b eakdowns a e
p esen ly seen as solidly looming (Apos olopoulos & Lia go as, 2018).
2.2.1. En ep eneu ial g ow h
Zhang & Enema k (2016) analysed he ac o s ha in luence business pe o mance in ho els and
es au an s. Acco ding o he s udy, business success is assessed by u no e pe employee, and is
a ec ed by a a ie y o ac o s, including i m-in e nal ac o s, ex e nal economic and demand
ac o s, loca ional ac o s, and signi ican quan i ies ac o s. Using an economic model and da a
om small businesses, he hypo heses we e pu o he es . The indings demons a e ha
adi ional explana o y a iables including ea nings, company in es men le els, egional p oduc-
i i y o ho els and es au an s, i m’s in ensi y a e posi i ely co ela ed wi h business pe o mance
in he hospi ali y and es au an indus ies. En ep eneu s mus ha e a dynamic mindse and
a esh app oach because business is a sys em made up o ce ain ex e nal ci cums ances. When
examining he ac o s in luencing o ganisa ion e ec i eness in he ho el indus y o Nepal, Chalise
(2021) s a ed ha employee quali ica ion, adminis a i e e iciency o ho el managemen , and
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aining and expe ience supplied o he employee a e ound o be impo an p edic o s o o gani-
sa ional pe o mance; howe e , he loca ion ac o was no ound o be he componen o
o ganiza ional pe o mance in he Nepalese ho el sec o .
2.3. Ho el indus y
Acco ding o he Ho el Re iew and Su ey Commi ee (1967), he main a ea o conce n o he
Commi ee was o e iew he classi ica ion o all ho els loca ed a di e en loca ions, including
he ho els ha a e newly cons uc ed and a e willing o be classi ied. The Commi ee was also
en us ed wi h he esponsibili y o calcula ing he o al oom equi emen a he end o he 4 h
Fi e Yea Plan. Ano he impo an ask ha was gi en o his commi ee was o e iew he a es
cha ged by hese ho els and o de e mine he a ional basis o s anda dizing he a e s uc u e.
The Commi ee isi ed 221 ho els and 94 es au an s loca ed a di e en loca ions h oughou
he coun y and no iced ha only 178 ho els and 59 es au an s we e ound sui able o be
app o ed. As ega ds a e s uc u e, he Commi ee ecommended ha he ho els should be
gi en a ee hand o ix hei a es wi hin he modi ied Hube Fo mula. The Commi ee es ima ed
ha by he end o 1981, he equi emen o ooms in 3, 4, and 5 S a ho els will be 29,025.
Ano he main ecommenda ion o he Commi ee was o ha e a pe manen commi ee o
inspec he ho els o classi ica ion, as and when he need a ises. Spa ial planning, which s i es
o examine he geog aphical pa e n o dis inc empo al s ages, may be used o make physical
planning decisions. The au ho in es iga ed he geog aphic o ganisa ion o he ho el sec o in
Myso e (Mahade , 2010).
Bandu a (2001) explained he mo i a ions and ac i i ies, en ep eneu s p oduce, and expe ience
om he unc ional neu obiological like symbolic, social, psychomo o , and o he skills. The na u e
o such expe iences depends g ea ly on he social and physical en i onmen s ha people selec
and cons uc . An agen ic pe spec i e con ibu es o a biopsychosocial unde s anding o human
de elopmen , adap a ion, and change. Expe ience depends g ea ly on he ex e nal en i onmen
like he socio-economic and in e nal ac o like mo i a ion (Fon , 2016).
The abo e li e a u e e iew shows ha a comp ehensi e iew mus be es ablished o examine
he in e nal ac o s like mo i es, issues and challenges, along he ela ion wi h ex e nal ac o s like
social and economic ac o s and s a egies o he de elopmen o en ep eneu ial g ow h and
de elopmen . A concep ual amewo k Figu e 1. (Hussain e al., 2013) o his s udy is o in es iga e
such issues, as i can explain en ep eneu ship in en ion om he iew o in e nal pe sonal ac o s
and he en i onmen al acili a o s.
En ep eneu ship is mul i-dimensional and ocuses on bo h he in e nal and ex e nal ac o s ha
ha e impac ed small en ep eneu ial businesses su i al and success (Ce one e al., 2001).
3. Me hod
The design o he s udy was quan i a i e esea ch, and he pa icipan s we e chosen using a non-
p obabili y sampling p ocedu e in o de o mee he esea ch’s goal. Local ho el en ep eneu s in
and a ound Coimba o e we e chosen as he demog aphic o he s udy’s esponses. The s udy’s
sample size is 250 people. Con enience sampling was u ilised as he sample me hod. The sampling
is chosen based on he ease wi h which isi o s may ge i . The p ima y c i e ion o selec ing his
sampling p ocess is he sample uni . Con enience sampling is a non-p obabili y sampling me hod
in which subjec s a e chosen o hei ease o access and closeness o he esea che s.
Coimba o e is he s udy a ea’s loca ion. Coimba o e was chosen because i is a la ge indus ial
ci y in Tamil Nadu, some imes e e ed o as he “Manches e ” o “De oi ” o India. I is well-
known o p oducing mo o pump se s and o he echnical p oduc s. Coimba o e is no ed o i s
nume ous indus ies, enginee ing i ems, ex ile mills, educa ional ins i u ions, heal h-ca e acil-
i ies, pleasan clima e, iendly cul u e, and hospi ali y. I is on he banks o he Noyyal Ri e in
wes e n Tamil Nadu, wi h he Wes e n Gha s on all sides. By oad, ain, and ai , i is well
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connec ed o India’s majo ci ies and owns. Coimba o e has a o al land a ea o 246.8 squa e
kilome es. This ci y has a popula ion o 1,601,438 people. The ele a ions a e 411 me es abo e
sea le el.
A s uc u ed ques ionnai e was used o ob ain p ima y da a. The a ibu es included in his
esea ch a e he mo i es, challenges and oppo uni ies. The ques ionnai e used o he s udy
consis ed mainly o wo kinds o ques ions, namely mul iple choice ques ions and a ing scale
ques ions. The esponden s illed he mul iple choice ques ions and Like ’s a ing scale ques ions.
F om he collec ed esponses ou o he ques ionnai e, u he coding and analysis we e pe o med
in o de o ge a he s udy’s indings, ecommenda ions, and conclusion. The esea ch app oach
o he ques ionnai e employed a 4-poin like ’s scale as he scaling ool. I ook in o accoun
ac o s such as s ongly ag ee, ag ee, neu al, disag ee, and ex emely disag ee. SPSS 20 was used
o conduc he s a is ical analysis like F equencies, Analysis o Va iance and Reg ession.
4. Need o he s udy
The pu pose o his esea ch is o ga he in o ma ion on he ea u es and quali ies o small and
medium-sized ho el (SMSH) owne s in o de o disco e unique p oblems in beginning and unning
en e p ises. Some o he ac o s ueling business isiona ies’ ini ia i es include he desi e o be
inancially independen , o be one’s own boss, o con ibu e o a p i a ely held en e p ise, and he
p ospec s in he ho el sec o (Founda ion, 2022). Among he key business obs acles highligh ed by
SMSH owne s a e i m oubles in he ho el indus y, highe labou cos s, educed in e es , and
a sho age o skilled ep esen a i es. To deal wi h hese issues, a ew essen ial sys ems ha e been
implemen ed. Con ibu ion-based aluing, imp o ed ad e ising and p omo ion channels,
imp o ed adminis a ion quali y, and supe io clien se ice a e only a ew o hem.
5. Resea ch objec i es
The objec i e o he esea ch is o unde s and he opinion di e ences among di e en gende , age
g oup, educa ional quali ica ion owa ds ac o s included in he s udy (Mo i e ac o , Issues and
challenges, Go e nmen - ela ed p oblems and S a egies) o en ep eneu s in he hospi ali y
sec o .
To en isage and e ol e wi h a esea ch model o small business ope a o s wi h mo i es o
o e come he challenges and engaging hem in he hospi ali y sec o is p oposed.
6. Da a analysis and in e p e a ion
Table 1 shows he equency dis ibu ion o he esponden s’ demog aphics. I is e iden om he
esul ha majo i y (93.2%) o he esponden s a e ho el owne s. Gende dis ibu ion has shown
ha majo i y (98%) o he esponden s a e male. I can be in e ed om he abo e able ha
unde he age dis ibu ion o he esponden s, he ca ego y 46–55 yea s has he highes equency
alue o 98 (39 pe cen ). Ma i al s a us o he esponden s has shown ha majo i y o hem a e
ma ied (84 pe cen ). I is e iden om he esul ha mos (33%) o he esponden s hold an
unde g adua e deg ee as hei Educa ional quali ica ion. I is in e ed ha 23.2 pe cen
In e nal Fac o s
Mo i es
Issues and Challenges
En ep enue ial G ow h
and De elopmen
Ex e nal Fac o s
Socio-economic Fac o
Financial Fac o
Figu e 1. Resea ch concep ual
amewo k.
Sou ce: Hussain e al. (2013):
Fac o s A ec ing he G ow h o
En e p ises: A Su ey o he
Li e a u e om he Pe spec i e
o Small- and Medium-Sized
En e p ises.
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li es yle en ep eneu s’mo i es o engage in sus ain-
able des ina ion de elopmen .
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