T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XV, No. 1, 2020
8
THE EXPLOSION HAZARD RESEARCH OF THE POLYETHYLENE
DUST
Ma ina SKLENÁROVÁ1, Pe ŠTROCH2, Aleš BERNATÍK3
1 VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a, Facul y o Sa e y Enginee ing, Os a a, Czech Republic and
SLOVNAFT,a.s., B a isla a, Slo ak Republic, [email p o ec ed]
2 VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a, Facul y o Sa e y Enginee ing, Os a a, Czech Republic, RSBP spol. s .o.,
Os a a, Czech Republic, [email p o ec ed]
3 VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a, Facul y o Sa e y Enginee ing, Os a a, Czech Republic,
[email p o ec ed]
Abs ac : The aim o he a icle is o poin ou he dange s a ising om he p ope ies o plas ic
dus and wha in luence i s p ope ies ha e on he o igin and cou se o he explosion.
The p esen p ojec analyzed he sample o polye hylene dus ,by-p oduc o g anula e
p oduc ion and s o age. The explosion es s we e pe o med on con aine s o a simila
shape o hose ound in a plan s. By examining he p ope ies o plas ic dus and i s
beha io in he e en o an explosion we ha e obse ed ha he isk o explosion in
echnological equipmen can no be unde es ima ed. Knowledge abou explosi eness o
dus samples will be used in comp ehensi e sa e y solu ion o a pa icula echnological
node.
Keywo ds: Polye hylene dus , Maximum explosion p essu e, Maximum a e o p essu e ise,
Cons an o dus s, Flame olume.
Resea ch a icle
In oduc ion
The dus consis s o solid pa icles smalle han
0.5 mm. Fo ibe s, he ibe leng h can be g ea e
han 0.5 mm. Some a ypical ma e ials can beha e
like dus s e en wi h la ge pa icle sizes. The e m
dus hus includes g ound solids e e ed o as
powde , lou , ibe agmen s and he like (O líko á
and Š och, 1999).
Dus is conside ed explosi e i , a e igni ion
o a mix u e o dus and ai wi h a sui able sou ce,
he lame sp eads in combina ion wi h an inc ease
in p essu e (Ba knech , 2011).
The basic condi ion o he occu ence o an
explosion is a subs ance wi h i s p ope ies, which
ep esen s he dange o an explosion. Fac o s
esponsible o he occu ence as well as o
he sp ead o he explosion en e his condi ion.
Rele an p ope ies o dus s a e gi en by
i e- echnical cha ac e is ics, a e de e mined
expe imen ally in labo a o ies and a e no physical
cons an s (Damec, 2005), he e o e he gi en
subs ance may no show he same alues o i e-
echnical cha ac e is ics i i is p oduced and
p ocessed in di e en pa s echnological equipmen
and unde di e en ope a ing condi ions.
In o de o assess he dange o explosion
o plas ic dus , a pa o he echnology was
selec ed, in which plas ic g anula e is anspo ed
and s o ed oge he wi h he dus . The subjec o
he in es iga ion was dus , which is a by-p oduc o
he p oduc ion and s o age o g anules.
The explosion haza d esea ch was based on
es ing samples o polye hylene dus and hus ob ain
explosion cha ac e is ics o dus , hei espec i e
p ope ies.
Combus ible dus is only capable o explosion o
a limi ed ex en , gi en he lowe (LEL) and uppe
(UEL) explosion limi s. Explosion limi s a e he i s
o wa n o an imminen dange . The lowe explosion
limi cha ac e izes he deg ee o dange o explosi e
dus s in p oduc ion p ocesses (O líko á and Š och,
1999).
The maximum explosion p essu e pmax
ep esen s he maximum alue o he inc eased
p essu e gene a ed in a closed con aine by
he explosion o an explosi e a mosphe e unde
he speci ied es condi ions and unde no mal
a mosphe ic condi ions. I is ac ually he maximum
alue o he explosion p essu e pmax de e mined by
es s in he ange o explosion o dus concen a ion
(STN EN 14034-1 + A1 (38 9684), 2011).
pp. 8-14, DOI 10.35182/ ses-2020-0002
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XV, No. 1, 2020
9
The maximum a e o p essu e ise (dp/d )max is
he maximum alue o p essu e inc ease pe uni
ime du ing explosions o all explosi e a mosphe es
in he ange o explosion o lammable subs ance in
a closed con aine unde speci ied es condi ions
(STN EN 14034-2 + A1 (38 9684), 2011).
Acco ding o he alues o he cons an o dus s,
combus ible dus s a e classi ied in o h ee dus
explosion classes:
• S 1 has KS alues 0 - 200 ba .m/s;
• S 2 has KS alues o 200 - 300 ba .m/s;
• S 3 has KS alues abo e 300 ba .m/s (Ba lo á
and Damec, 2002).
The educed explosion p essu e p ed is
he p essu e c ea ed by he explosion o an explosi e
a mosphe e in a con aine p o ec ed ei he by
he de ona ion o he explosion o by he supp ession
o he explosion (Damec, 2005).
The concen a ion o he explosi e mix u e
a ec s he alues o pmax and (dp/d )max. Wi h
inc easing concen a ion, he maximum explosion
p essu e and he maximum a e o p essu e ise
inc ease (Eckho , 2003).
Wi h dec easing pa icle size:
• he maximum explosion p essu e inc eases
(STN EN 14034-1 + A1 (38 9684), 2011),
• he limi oxygen concen a ion dec eases
(STN EN 14034-4 + A1 (38 9684), 2011; Pang e
al., 2019),
• he maximum a e o p essu e ise du ing an
explosion inc eases (STN EN 14034-2 + A1
(38 9684), 2012).
The o ce and eloci y o he explosion inc eases
wi h inc easing deg ee o ineness o he ma e ial.
The eac ion a e inc eases wi h empe a u e
(Damec, 2005). P essu e educ ion educes
maximum explosion pa ame e s (Ba knech , 2011).
Wi h inc easing ini ia ion ene gy, he maximum a e
o p essu e ise also inc eases (Damec, 2005).
Wi h inc easing con aine olume:
• he maximum explosion p essu e does no change,
• he a e o p essu e ise dec eases.
Howe e , his law applies o dus -ai mix u es
om 40 L. This law does no apply o oblong essels
and pipes. (Ba lo á and Damec, 2002).
The maximum explosion p essu e in closed,
almos sphe ical essels o su icien size
(V ≥ 20 L) is independen o he olume. Howe e ,
he maximum p essu e inc ease depends on
he olume. I dec eases wi h inc easing olume in
acco dance wi h cubic law. The KS alue esul ing
om his law is speci ic o he dus and es me hod,
bu is independen o he essel size o olumes
V ≥ 20 L (Ba knech , 2011).
Ma e ial and me hods
The la ge-scale explosion es s was based
on esul s o he labo a o y measu emen s.
The polye hylene dus samples we e aken om
bigbags, whe e dus om dedus ing and s o age
silos o he polye hylene g anula e is s o ed. Only
1 sample polye hylene dus was used o u he
measu emen s in big olume. The chosen sample
had he highes explosion pa ame e s in labo a o y
measu emen .
Two es essels wi h di e en olumes, a essel
o 1.35 m3 (N1) and a essel o 5.45 m3 (N2), we e
used o es he dus o PE sample in la ge-scale
explosion es s. The essels we e equipped wi h
mul ipoin measu emen s o explosion p essu e.
The dus was weighed and pou ed in o sp eading
anks wi h a olume o 5.4 L a 12 L, which we e
p essu ized o 20 ba wi h ai , sp eading nozzles
we e used o sp eading. Due o clogging o
he sp eading nozzles, he me hod had o be modi ied
du ing he es s and he nozzles had o be emo ed
om he es essels. A e agi a ion, he mix u e
was ini ia ed wi h ene gy om py o echnic ini ia o s
wi h an ene gy o 5 kJ each (Jankůj and Be na ík,
2018). Fo es ing, a en ing a ea was ins alled
on he uppe langes o he essels, a en ing a ea
DN 250 was used on N1 and wo dimensions we e
used on N2 - he en ing a ea DN 585 o DN 775.
The pipes wi h nominal diame e DN 150 and
leng hs o 3, 6 and 10 m we e inco po a ed in o
he es se -up.
All es s we e pe o med a ambien condi ions,
ba ome ic p essu e and ambien empe a u e.
A p essu e measu ing se om Kis le was used,
he s o age o measu ed alues was ensu ed by
means o a C onos FLEX da a logge om IMC.
The es s we e eco ded using wo high-speed
came as.
Resul s
Sample o polye hylene dus was es ed in la ge-
scale explosion es s and ials. The basic i e- echnical
cha ac e is ics was ob ained om he labo a o y
es ing which a e summa ized in he ab. 1.
pp. 8-14, DOI 10.35182/ ses-2020-0002
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XV, No. 1, 2020
10
alues such as alues ob ained om labo a o y
measu emen s.
By ins alling en ing a ea on he essels, we
ha e become con inced ha explosion-p oo
measu es in he o m o en ing a ea a e impo an .
In he e en o an explosion and he opening o he
en ing a ea a he same ime, he de ice will be less
s essed by he explosion p essu e. The p oposed
en ing a ea can achie e explosion con ol and hus
p e en damage o he de ice, aking in o accoun
he exis ing p essu e esis ance o he de ice.
Explosion es s wi h ins alled piping
The aim o hese es s was o measu e and
o ob ain o he alues o he maximum educed
explosion p essu e in he essel, he pipes and
he lame eloci y ex and o e i y he in luence o
he ins alled pipes on hei change. Pipes DN 150
wi h leng hs o 3, 6 and 10 m we e ins alled on es
essels N1 and N2:
• he i s ype o es s was o de e mine he e ec
o he leng h o he ins alled piping sys em on p ed
wi hou ins alling a en ing a ea on he essel,
• in he second ype o es s, a en ing a ea was
ins alled on op o he explosion essel.
The pe o med measu emen s show ha wi h
he leng h o he ins alled pipeline, he explosion
p essu e inc eases sligh ly (a he same poin , o
example 3 m, bu a di e en leng hs o pipeline).
F om a p ac ical poin o iew, his indica es he need
o p o ec hese pa s o he echnological equipmen
as well as he ad e se e ec s o he explosion.
Explosion es s in connec ed essels
The aim o he es s was o es he possible
ansmission o he explosion and o de e mine
he lame eloci y ex in he pipeline and he p essu e
alues o he explosion. The es s we e pe o med
on essels N1 and N2 wi h a en ing a ea ins alled
a he op o he essel, in e connec ed by pipes wi h
a diame e o DN 150 and a leng h o 3, 6, 10 m.
The dus -ai mix u e was o med in bo h essels,
wi h he ini ia ion o he agi a ed dus aking
place in only one o he essels. The ansmission
o he explosion was sol ed in bo h di ec ions.
La ge-scale explosion es s
The ollowing ypes o la ge-scale explosion
es s we e pe o med o PE sample:
• maximum explosion p essu e pmax, cons an o
dus s Kmax and maximum a e o p essu e ise in
a closed essel (dp/d )max,
• educed explosion p essu e, educed a e o
p essu e ise (dp/d ) ed and lame eloci y in
essels wi h a en ing a ea and wi h a pipeline
connec ion.
Maximum explosion p essu e and
educed explosion p essu e
The aim was o de e mine he maximum explosion
p essu e and he maximum educed explosion
p essu e on con aine s o a simila shape o hose in
he plan o he p oduc ion o plas ic g anules and o
compa e hem wi h he esul s ob ained in labo a o y
es ing. The in en ion was also o es and e i y
he e ec o he ins alled an i-explosion measu e
on he essel ( en ing a ea on he essels) on
he change o explosion p essu e.
The measu emen s we e pe o med a an op imal
dus concen a ion o 750 g/m3, which was based on
he labo a o y de e mina ion o pmax.
To de e mine he maximum explosion p essu e
and he cons an o dus s PE sample, es s we e
pe o med in closed essels (N1 and N2) wi h
a olume o N1 = 1.35 m3 and N2 = 5.45 m3.
The educed explosion p essu e was measu ed
on essel N1 wi h a en ing a ea DN 250, as well as
on essel N2 wi h a en ing a ea DN 585 o DN 775
ins alled on he uppe langes o he essels. An e en
lowe educed explosion p essu e was achie ed
h ough he la ge en ing a ea. The aim was o ge
unde he p essu e esis ance o he equipmen in
ope a ion.
The esul s om he measu emen s o he la ge-
scale PE es s a e summa ized in he ab. 2.
By measu ing he explosion p essu es on la ge
essels N1 and N2, i was ound ha pmax and KS
on equipmen o la ge olumes each highe alues
compa ed o equipmen in he labo a o y, om
which i can be concluded ha he explosion p essu e
in ope a ion equipmen is likely o each highe
Tab. 1 P e iew o explosion pa ame es PE sample in he labo a o y measu emen s
Sample
Medium
size g ain
[mm]
LEL ±
10%
[g/m3]
pmax ± 10%
[ba ]
KS ± 20%
[ba .m.s-1]
(dp/d )max
± 20%
[ba /s]
E1 < MIE
< E2
[mJ]
Es
[mJ]
LOC ± 1%
[% obj.]
PE sample
3> 1 20.00 6.40 68.00 251 30 < 100 80 < 14.00
pp. 8-14, DOI 10.35182/ ses-2020-0002
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XV, No. 1, 2020
11
Tab. 2 Explosion pa ame es PE sample measu ed in essels N1, N2 wi h pipes o leng h 3, 6, 10 m
No. Type o
de ice
Pipe leng h
[m]
Type o
de ice
pmax
[ba ]
(dp/d )
[ba /s]
p ed
in N1
[ba ]
p ed
in N2
[ba ]
p ed
in pipe
[ba ]
ex
[m/s]
in leng h
3 m
in leng h
6 m
in leng h
10 m
1. VA 20
au ocla e
X 6.400 251.00 X
2. N1
X 7.170 74.201 X
3. N1
DN 250
X 108.587 0.440 X
4. N1
3
X
90.490 2.185
X
0.275 - - 71.5
6 2.175 0.640 0.210 - 111.5
10 2.470 - 1.150 0.620 207.0
5. N1
DN 250
3
X
99.548
0.340
X
0.020 - - 57.3
6 0.365 0.305 0.020 - 117.5
10 0.396 - 0.396 0.080 144.0
6. N1
DN 250
ini ia ion
3 N2
DN 775
X
171.930 (N1)
229.133 (N2)
0.985 0.459 0.441 - - 35.5
6 0.528 0.281 - 0.263 - 38.0
10 0.300 0.239 - - 0.255 36.0
7. N2
X
7.140 75.620
X
8. N2
DN 585
X
160.905
X
0.660
X
9. N2
DN 775
X 138.731 0.190 X
10. N2
3
X
65.385
X
4.525 1.385 - - 262.0
6 4.615 2.210 1.390 - 267.5
10 4.805 - 1.790 1.185 267.5
11. N2
DN 775
3
X
135.320
X
0.185 0.013 - - 205.0
6 0.170 0.160 0.014 - 132.5
10 0.150 - 0.140 0.013 116.5
12. N1
DN 250
3 N2
DN 775
ini ia ion
X
152.377(N2)
159.261(N1)
0.865 0.225 0.590 - - 43.5
6 1.002 0.205 - 0.855 - 44.5
10 0.888 0.218 - - 0.133 63.0
Legend o ab. 2:
p ed measu ed on
N
1 o
N
2;
p ed measu ed on pipe len
g
h 3 m;
p ed measu ed on pipe leng h 6 m;
p ed measu ed on pipe leng h 10 m;
Designa ion o he essel wi h he i s
ini ia ion and he di ec ion o he sp ead o he explosion.

pp. 8-14, DOI 10.35182/ ses-2020-0002
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XV, No. 1, 2020
12
Fig. 1 Example o lame ans e in essels
connec ed by piping du ing explosion es s
Ini ializa ion was i s pe o med on essel N1
and he explosion was ans e ed ia pipeline o
essel N2, whe e a p essu e d op was obse ed.
Subsequen ly, he opposi e possibili y was es ed,
in which he ini ia ion was pe o med on essel N2
and he explosion was ans e ed ia a pipeline
o essel N1, whe e an inc ease in p essu e was
obse ed. The lame eloci y, he on o he lame
was always measu ed om he essel on which he
i s ini ia ion was pe o med.
Explosion es s wi h connec ed essels ha e
shown ha he p opaga ion o an explosion om
essel N2 (la ge olume) o essel N1 (smalle
olume) leads o a signi ican inc ease in educed
explosion p essu e, despi e he ins alled en ing
a ea on bo h essels. The lame ans e in essels
connec ed by piping du ing explosion es is
shown in ig. 1. In his es ing, we ha e come o
he conclusion ha he ins alla ion o en ing a ea,
as a o m o explosion p o ec ion, will no be qui e
su icien and o he elemen s will ha e o be used o
ensu e su icien explosion p o ec ion.

VA20
N1
N1
DN250
N1+
3mpipe
N1DN250+
3mpipe
N1DN250+
3mpipe
p edinN1
N1DN250+
3mpipe
p edinN1
N1+
6mpipe
N1DN250
+6mpipe
N1DN250+
6mpipe
p edinN1
N1DN250+
6mpipe
p edinN1
N1+
10mpipe
N1DN250
+10mpipe
N1DN250+
10mpipe
p edinN1
N1DN250+
10mpipe
p edinN1
N2
N2DN775
N2+
3mpipe
N2DN775
+3mpipe
N2DN775+
3mpipe
p edinN2
N2DN775+
3mpipe
p edinN2
N2+
6mpipe
N2DN775
+6mpipe
N2DN775+
6mpipe
p edinN2
N2DN775+
6mpipe
p edinN2
N2+
10mpipe
N2DN775+
10mpipe
N2DN775+
10mpipe
p edinN2
N2DN775+
10mpipe
p edinN2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
CLOSEDVESSEL VESSELWITHVENTINGAREA CONNECTEDVESSELSWITH
VENTINGAREA‐ INITIATIONIN
N1
CONNECTEDVESSELSWITH
VENTINGAREA‐ INITIATIONIN
N2
EXPLOSIONPRESSURE(ba )
Fig. 2 Compa ison o alues o he explossion p essu e ( om ab. 2) in di e en essels
pp. 8-14, DOI 10.35182/ ses-2020-0002

T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XV, No. 1, 2020
13
Conclusion and discussion
The i e- echnical cha ac e is ics o subs ances,
which ep esen hei p ope ies, can be d awn om
he li e a u e, bu hese alues a e mos ly indica i e,
because hey depend on se e al condi ions such
as mois u e con en , size, shape o dus pa icles,
bu h ough esea ch we ealized how hei
beha io a ies depending on ope a ing condi ions.
Unde es ima ing his s ep can lead o inco ec
de e mina ion o he dange o explosion and hus o
unde es ima ion o an i-explosion measu es.
Th ough esea ch, we ha e wo ked on
he speci ic p ope ies and beha io o PE dus no
only in labo a o y condi ions, bu also in la ge-
scale es s. La ge-scale es s simula ed he eal
design o he gi en echnological equipmen ,
in which selec ed dus samples a e loca ed. Selec ed
condi ions o he cou se o he explosion, such as
olume, shape, a angemen o essels, u bulence,
we e in es iga ed.
We ound ha :
• Some samples con ained pa icles o di e en
sizes. E en e y small pa icles (less han
0.5 mm), bu also pa icles la ge han 1 mm and
a e a he a ypical, ib ous ma e ials and beha e
like dus s.
• The i e- echnical cha ac e is ics o pmax and KS
on equipmen o la ge olumes each highe
alues compa ed o equipmen in he labo a o y,
he explosion p essu e in he equipmen o
he plan is o each highe alues han he alues
ob ained om labo a o y measu emen s.
• Based on he cons an o dus s, samples o PE
dus can be classi ied in class S 1 wi h alues
up o 200 ba .m/s. The u bulence was e iden in
la ge-scale es s causing inc eases o he a e o
p essu e ise and i a ec s he alues o maximum
explosion pa ame e s.
• The p oposed en ing a ea can be used o achie e
explosion con ol and hus p e en damage o
he equipmen , aking in o accoun he exis ing
p essu e esis ance o he equipmen .
• Piping sys ems connec ed o echnological
equipmen mus also be p o ec ed agains he
ad e se e ec s o an explosion.
• When he explosion sp eads om a la ge
olume essel o a smalle olume essel, he e
is a signi ican inc ease in he educed explosion
p essu e, despi e he ins alled opening on bo h
essels. In addi ion o he elease openings,
o he elemen s mus be used o ensu e su icien
explosion p o ec ion.
Tab. 2 summa izes he esul s o he la ge-scale
explosion es s, om which he di e ences in pmax,
p ed and (dp/d ) alues occu ing in closed essels
and essels wi h a en ing a ea and wi h piping
connec ed o he essels can be easily seen. The ex
lame eloci y is o he connec ed pipe.
• Row 1 also summa izes he p ope ies om
he labo a o y ins umen VA-20; when compa ed
wi h la ge-scale explosion es s, i is possible o see
di e ences in he alues o explosion pa ame e s.
• The alues o pmax we e de e mined o
he closed con aine s ( ows 1, 2, 7).
• The alues o p ed we e de e mined o he essels
wi h an ins alled en ing a ea ( ows 3, 8, 9).
• In he case o connec ing he piping o
he essel ( ows 4, 5, 10, 11) we e measu ed p ed on
he essel i sel as well as on he connec ed piping.
• In he case o bo h essels wi h en ing a ea and
in e connec ed by pipes ( ows 6, 12), he p essu e
on bo h essels was measu ed. In he i s case
( ow 6), he dus -ai mix u e was ini ia ed in N1
and sp ead h ough he pipes o N2. In he second
case ( ow 12), he mix u e was ini ia ed in N2 and
sp ead in he di ec ion o N1.
The g aphical ep esen a ion o he ob ained
explosion p essu es on he VA-20, N1 and N2 is
exp essed in he ig. 2.
Flame olume
Du ing he la ge-scale explosion es s, we also
made es ima es on he olume o he lame ha
occu s du ing he explosion in he N1 and N2 essels.
The lame olume was es ed on a essel N1 wi h
he en ing a ea DN 250 and N2 wi h he en ing
a ea DN 775 and a pipe DN 150 wi h a leng h o
6 m.
The lame olume inc eases wi h inc easing
he essel olume and he size o he en ing a ea.
The lame olume is always g ea e in he case o
lame ans e om essel o essel han in he essel
i sel . The la ges lame olume was eco ded on
essel N2, when ans e ed om essel N1 o N2.
Tab. 3 The lame olume du ing explosion ansmission
Type o de ice Flame olume [m3]
N1 wi h pipe 8.77
Connec ed essels -
ini ia ion in N1 185.63
N2 wi h pipe 130.99
Connec ed essels -
ini ia ion in N215.10
pp. 8-14, DOI 10.35182/ ses-2020-0002
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XV, No. 1, 2020
14
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a mosphe es.
STN EN 13237 (38 9612):2013. Po en ially explosi e a mosphe es.Te ms and de ini ions o equipmen and
p o ec i e sys ems in ended o use in po en ially explosi e a mosphe es.
STN EN 14034-1+A1 (38 9684):2011. De e mina ion o explosion cha ac e is ics o dus clouds.Pa
1:De e mina ion o he maximum explosion p essu e pmax o dus clouds.
STN EN 14034-2+A1 (38 9684):2012. De e mina ion o explosion cha ac e is ics o dus clouds.Pa
2:De e mina ion o he maximum a e o explosion p essu e ise (dp/d )max o dus clouds.
STN EN 14034-3 (38 9684):2012. De e mina ion o explosion cha ac e is ics o dus clouds.Pa 3:De e mina ion
o he lowe explosion limi LEL o dus clouds.
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4:De e mina ion o he limi ing oxygen concen a ion LOC o dus clouds.
say ha he echnology is explosion-sa e. The e o e,
he nex s ep, a e assessing he p ope ies o
he dus , mus be o de e mine he concen a ion
o dus inside he echnological equipmen and o
assess he possibili y and e ec i eness o ini ia ion
sou ces ha may lead o he ini ia ion o an explosi e
a mosphe e.
Acknowledgemen s
This a icle was w i en in connec ion wi h
esea ch p ojec suppo ed by wo ins i u ions,
SLOVNAFT, a.s. and he Facul y o Sa e y
Enginee ing VŠB in Os a a and i was implemen ed
on he basis o a mu ual Se ice con ac numbe
4220003851 o De e mine EX pa ame e s o
powde s.
We ha e come o he conclusion ha PE dus
gene a ed in he echnology o p oduc ion and
s o age o PE g anules is e y explosi e in a mix u e
wi h ai , i canno be unde es ima ed in e ms o
c ea ing an explosi e a mosphe e and he isk o
explosion.
The isk o explosion occu s whe e e i canno
be comple ely uled ou . The e o e, i is impo an
o know he subs ances wi h hei p ope ies ha
a e p esen in he echnology, he echnological
p ocesses ha ake place in he echnology and
he ope a ing condi ions unde which he p ocess
akes place. These indings a e impo an ac o s o
pe o ming a de ailed analysis.
I he concen a ion o he mix u e inside
he echnological equipmen is below he alue o
he dange ous concen a ion and a he same ime
he e is no se ling and s icking o dus , hen we can
pp. 8-14, DOI 10.35182/ ses-2020-0002