Ac a Mon anis ica Slo aca, Volume 28 (2023), 1; DOI: 10.46544/AMS. 28i1.03
Human Fac o s in he De elopmen o he Hyd aulic
Sys em o he Powe ed Roo Suppo
Bea a BORSKA1, Dawid SZURGACZ2,3, Jiří POKORNÝ4, Se gey ZHIRONKIN5,6* and
Olga ZHIRONKINA7
Au ho s' a ilia ions and add esses:
1 KWK Ruda Ruch Halemba, ul. Halembska 160,
41-717 Ruda Śląska, Poland
e-mail: bo [email protected]
2 Cen e o Hyd aulics DOH L d., ul. Kons y ucji
147, 41-906 By om, Poland
e-mail: dawidszu gacz@ p.pl
3 Polska G upa Gó nicza S.A., ul. Pows ańców
30, 40-039 Ka owice, Poland
4 Facul y o Sa e y Enginee ing, VSB—Technical
Uni e si y o Os a a, Lumí o a 13/630, 700 30
Os a a-Výško ice, Czech Republic
e-mail: ji i.poko ny@ sb.cz
5 Depa men o T ade and Ma ke ing, Sibe ian
Fede al Uni e si y, 79 S obodny a ., 660041
K asnoya sk, Russia
e-mail: szhi onkin@s u-k as. u
6 Depa men o Open Pi Mining, T.F. Go bache
Kuzbass S a e Technical Uni e si y, 28 Vesennya
s ., 650000 Keme o o, Russia
e-mail: zhi onkinsa@kuzs u. u
7 Ins i u e o Philology, Fo eign Languages and
Media Communica ions, Keme o o S a e
Uni e si y, 6 K asnaya S ., 650043 Keme o o,
Russia
e-mail: o-zhi onkina@mail. u
*Co espondence:
Se gey Zhi onkin, Depa men o Open Pi
Mining, T.F. Go bache Kuzbass S a e Technical
Uni e si y, 28 Vesennya s ., 650000 Keme o o,
Russia
e-mail: zhi onkinsa@kuzs u. u
How o ci e his a icle:
Bo ska, B., Szu gacz, D., Poko ný, J., Zhi onkin,
S. and Zhi onkina, O. (2023). Human Fac o s in
he De elopmen o he Hyd aulic Sys em o he
Powe ed Roo Suppo . Ac a Mon anis ica
Slo aca, Volume 28 (1), 27-37
DOI:
h ps://doi.o g/10.46544/AMS. 28i1.03
Abs ac
The g owing demand o mine al esou ces, including ha d coal,
equi es he con inuous imp o emen and de elopmen o
echnologies o imp o e sa e y, p oduc i i y and pe o mance. The
implemen a ion o au oma ion and digi iza ion in mines has been
ongoing o se e al yea s. Machine y and equipmen de elopmen
and imp o emen is also ongoing. The au ho s discuss he
de elopmen and imp o emen o powe ed oo suppo , which is a
c i ical pa o he longwall sys em. The powe ed oo suppo is
esponsible o he sa e y o equipmen and people wo king in he
longwall. I suppo s he ace and immedia e oo and mo es he
longwall sys em o wa d as he shea e emo es he coal and he oo
collapsing (goa ing) behind he shields. The aim o his s udy was o
examine he human ac o s in ol ed in he de elopmen and
imp o emen o he hyd aulic suppo sys em o powe ed oo
suppo . The esea ch was ca ied ou among employees in ha d coal
mines using mainly su eys. The esea ch allowed he au ho s o
examine and analyze he in o ma ion p o ided by he mine s
conce ning powe ed oo suppo in he e a o Indus y 4.0 ( he
Fou h Indus ial Re olu ion). Acco ding o he esea ch indings,
mine s expec imp o emen in he eliabili y o he powe ed oo
suppo , and hey wan he key ope a ing pa ame e s, especially he
equi ed load capaci y, o be moni o ed in eal- ime so adjus men s
and imp o emen s can be made. The esul s o he esea ch poin ou
he needs and expec a ions o mine s. Thei opinions should
de e mine he di ec ion and any esea ch gaps in o powe ed oo
suppo .
Keywo ds
su ey esea ch; wo k sa e y; human ac o ; unde g ound coal
mining; powe ed oo suppo , pe o mance imp o emen s
© 2023 by he au ho s. Submi ed o possible open access publica ion unde he e ms and condi ions
o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion (CC BY) license (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/).
Bea a BORSKA e al. / Ac a Mon anis ica Slo aca, Volume 28 (2023), Numbe 1, 27-37
28
In oduc ion
The global demand o mine al esou ces has been g owing s eadily o e ecen yea s. This is ela ed o
popula ion g ow h, indus y and echnology de elopmen s, global po e y educ ion, p og essi e u baniza ion and
inc easingly di e se echnical applica ions. The inc ease in demand o aw ma e ials gene a es new echnological,
economic and en i onmen al equi emen s and challenges (Wajs e al., 2021), especially conside ing he new
h us o sus ainabili y and g een mining. These help d i e he sea ch o inno a i e solu ions aimed a inc easing
he e iciency o p oduc ion p ocesses (Woźniak and Ha dygó a, 2020; Bajda and Ha dygó a, 2021; Gładysiewicz
e al., 2017; Baiul e al., 2020), educing ene gy consump ion (Kawalec e al., 2020; Bo nowski e al., 2021;
Bo kowski, 2020; Gó alczyk e al., 2020; Kawalec e al., 2018) and imp o ing sa e y (Zim oz e al., 2011; Zię ek
e al., 2020; Dlouhá e al., 2019; Poko ny e al., 2016; Poko ny e al., 2018; Adach-Pawelus and Pawelus, 2021),
as well as he econs uc ion o ecologically dis u bed sys ems (Dlouhá and Dubo sky, 2019; Dlouhá e al., 2021;
Dubo ský e al., 2021). I is necessa y o sea ch o new oppo uni ies o p ocess op imiza ion and au oma ion
(Pa yk e al., 2021; K ól and Kisielewski, 2014; Dlouhá and Hamříko á, 2018). Digi al echnologies, mo e
powe ul compu e s and mode n compu e so wa e a e used o his pu pose (Janus and K awczyk, 2021;
Do oszuk and K ól, 2019; Ba dziński e al., 2020; Dlouhá and Kozlo á, 2019; Hamříko á and Dlouhá, 2017)). An
impo an aspec in he op imiza ion o hese is he collec ion and analysis o da a (G zesiek e al., 2021; Wodecki
e al., 2020).
One o he s a egic aw ma e ials in he Polish economy is ha d coal. Despi e he ongoing ene gy
ans o ma ion, coal emains he coun y's p ima y sou ce o ene gy p oduc ion (Figu e 1). The e o e, coal is s ill
a key aw ma e ial o ensu ing Poland's ene gy secu i y, especially wi h inc easing elec ici y consump ion.
Howe e , he ex ac ion o his aw ma e ial is becoming inc easingly di icul and cos ly due o he inc easing
mining dep h and he mo e complex coal seams emaining (Ko wica e al., 2021).
Fig. 1. Elec ici y p oduc ion in Poland in 2022 (Dusiło, 2023)
In he mining indus y, adical changes ha e been obse ed o se e al yea s al eady, which a e pa o he
ou h indus ial e olu ion. Indus y 4.0 in eg a es people and digi ally con olled machines using wi eless
ne wo ks and in o ma ion echnologies. The doc ine o Indus y 4.0 in mining is mainly aimed a inc easing
e iciency (Świą ek e al., 2021; Rajwa e al., 2019; Ji e al., 2020), educing was e, imp o ing he sa e y o wo ke s
in mines (P os ański, 2017; U h e al., 2019; Szu gacz e al., 2022 a) and educing cos s (K auze e al., 2021).
Indus y 4.0 is no only abou echnology bu also abou new ways o wo king and in eg a ing hese
echnologies wi h he oles o he wo k o ce. Technology canno exis wi hou human in e en ion, analysis and
con ol. I se es people and is c ea ed and used by hem (Dlouhá and Hamříko á, 2019). The e o e, an impo an
elemen in he de elopmen o echnology is also he human ac o .
The aim o his s udy was o examine he human ac o in he u he de elopmen o he hyd aulic sys em o
he powe ed oo suppo . The powe ed oo suppo , he a mou ed con eyo bel , and he cu ing machine
( oadheade , shea e o plow) o m a mechanized longwall sys em. The mechanized sys ems a e he basic
equipmen o longwalls in he Polish ha d coal mining indus y. The pu pose o he suppo is main enance and
con ol o he oo , ensu ing he sa e y and p og ession o he en i e sys em along he longwall ace (Szu gacz e
al., 2022 b). The e o e, he imp o ed de elopmen and ope a ion o powe ed oo suppo a e necessa y o ensu e
e icien and sa e coal exploi a ion.
In o de o examine he human ac o in he de elopmen o powe ed oo suppo , esea ch su eys we e
ca ied ou . Su eys a e a commonly used me hod o examining opinions conce ning a speci ic opic. They a e
used in a ious b anches o he economy (S ephens e al., 2021; Smi niako a e al., 2021; Lu e al., 2022),
educa ion, de elopmen (Hamdan e al., 2021; Kjellg en e al., 2021), heal h (Dame y e al., 2021; Vale i e al.,
2021; Benede i e al., 2021; Va gas e al., 2021; Al Awaji e al., 2021) and social li e (Díaz-Jiménez e al., 2021;
U bana iciu e e al., 2021; A apo ic-Johansson e al., 2020; Tsui, 2021).
The esea ch conduc ed o his pape was ca ied ou in ha d coal mines in Poland. The esea ch co e ed
se e al aspec s. The au ho s e i ied he mine s' awa eness o he implemen a ion o new echnologies in mines
o he
coal
ligni e
na u al gas
enewable
ene gy sou ces
Bea a BORSKA e al. / Ac a Mon anis ica Slo aca, Volume 28 (2023), Numbe 1, 27-37
29
and hei knowledge o Indus y 4.0. They assessed exis ing echnological solu ions, wi h pa icula emphasis on
powe ed oo suppo . They also iden i ied he expec a ions and needs o mine s in he imp o ed de elopmen and
ope a ion o powe ed oo suppo .
Acco ding o he esea ch, he u u e de elopmen o powe ed oo suppo s is necessa y no only because o
he new equi emen s imposed on he mining indus y bu also because o he mine s' needs. The mine s expec ,
among o he s, imp o emen in he eliabili y o powe ed oo suppo s, con ol o he pa ame e s o hei wo k and
imp o emen o sa e y condi ions a hei wo kplaces.
Ma e ials and me hods
The human ac o in he ope a ion o a powe ed longwall suppo
P o iding employees wi h as high a le el o sa e y as possible is o pa icula impo ance in mining, which
because o he na u e o mining, can be haza dous. The sa e y o ope a ing a mechanized longwall lining is he
esul o impo an basic elemen s: he echnical condi ion o he mechanized housing, he c ew and he impac o
na u al haza ds. Thus, he in luence o he human ac o on he ope a ion o mechanized longwall sho ing can be
desc ibed by he ollowing (G enda and Tu zyńska, 2016):
𝐻𝐹=𝑅
100∙𝑇𝐶∙𝑁𝐻−∑𝑆 (1)
whe e:
HF – he ac o ha de e mines he human ac o in he ope a ion o a mechanized longwall lining,
R – he magni ude o he isk o a haza dous e en ela ed o he main enance o he longwall wo kings oo ,
TC – coe icien de e mining he echnical condi ion o mechanized longwall suppo ,
NH – coe icien de e mining he impac o na u al haza ds on he ope a ion o mechanized longwall suppo ,
∑S – coe icien de e mining he sys ems used o con ol he ope a ion o he powe ed oo suppo .
Su ey esea ch
In o de o examine he human ac o in he de elopmen o powe ed oo suppo , esea ch su eys we e
ca ied ou . The esea ch was o a diagnos ic na u e o lea n he opinions o employees in ha d coal mines ela ed
o he de elopmen o powe ed oo suppo in he e a o Indus y 4.0. The ool used in he esea ch was a ca e ully
c a ed ques ionnai e.
The guidelines adop ed du ing he p epa a ion o he ques ionnai e we e a clea and anspa en o m and he
sho ime needed o comple e i . The ques ionnai e consis ed o mul iple choice ques ions, o which he
esponden s eplied: YES, NO, and I DON'T KNOW. Ques ions and answe s we e w i en in abula o m o make
i easie o he esponden o comple e he su ey quickly. The ques ionnai e con ained a o al o 40 ques ions and
pe sonal da a ques ions.
The esea ch was ca ied ou on a g oup o 200 wo ke s employed in he 15 ha d coal mines belonging o he
Polish Mining G oup. People wo king on a daily basis on he longwall we e in i ed o ake pa in he su ey, as
hey could o e ele an opinions. The esponden s included mine s, mechanics and elec icians. The s udy
in ol ed bo h manual wo ke s as well as medium and highe supe ision wo ke s. The age o he esponden s
anged om 21 o 50 yea s, and hei wo k expe ience anged om 1 o 31 yea s. The di ision o he examined
g oup acco ding o he depa men in which hey wo k is shown in Figu e 2a, and Figu e 2b p esen s he di ision
o esponden s by posi ion.
Fig. 2. The b eakdown o he esponden g oup by (a) depa men hey wo k in; (b) posi ion
(a)
(b)
32%
36%
32%
Elec icians
Mechanics
Mine s
58%
22%
20%
Manual wo ke s
Medium supe ision
Highe supe ision
Bea a BORSKA e al. / Ac a Mon anis ica Slo aca, Volume 28 (2023), Numbe 1, 27-37
30
The main objec i e o he esea ch p ojec was o assess he cu en and u u e de elopmen o powe ed oo
suppo wi h pa icula emphasis on he hyd aulic sys em. The esea ch was conduc ed in ou s ages. The i s
s age conce ned he knowledge o Indus y 4.0 and he app oach o mine s o inno a i e solu ions. The second
s age was aimed a lea ning he opinions o mine wo ke s conce ning he ield o au oma ion and digi iza ion o
mining, as well as hei wo k sa e y. The esponden s' opinions on he cu en s a e o powe ed oo suppo s we e
examined in he hi d s age. In he ou h and inal s age, he es s ocused on he expec a ions o mine s in e ms
o u u e de elopmen o he echnology o powe ed oo suppo s.
Tables 1-4 p esen he su ey ques ions. The ques ions we e di ided in o 4 g oups. Each g oup con ains 10
ques ions om a gi en esea ch a ea. The ollowing ables (Table 1-4) p o ide examples o esponses.
Table 1. Ques ions on he de elopmen o echnology o unde g ound mining in he e a o Indus y 4.0
Ques ion
Numbe
Ques ion
Answe
1
Do you know wha Indus y 4.0 is?
No
2
A e you in e es ed in new solu ions in he ield o Indus y 4.0?
No
3
In you opinion, does he de elopmen o echnology ansla e in o a as e
a e o economic g ow h?
Yes
4
In you opinion, does he implemen a ion o inno a i e solu ions a ec he
success o he company?
Yes
5
In you opinion, can Indus y 4.0 solu ions educe p oduc ion cos s?
Yes
6
Do you hink ha companies need o in oduce inno a i e solu ions in o de
o be compe i i e in he in e na ional ma ke ?
Yes
7
Would you like you wo k o be pa ially eplaced by in elligen machines?
No
8
A e you conce ned ha au oma ion, oge he wi h Indus y 4.0, could lead o
job educ ions?
Yes
9
Do you no ice inno a i e solu ions in you daily wo k?
Yes
10
Do you us new echnologies?
Yes
Table 2. Ques ions conce ning inno a i e solu ions in mining
Ques ion
Numbe
Ques ion
Answe
1
Do you hink mines need inno a i e solu ions?
Yes
2
Do you suppo he in oduc ion o au oma ion and digi iza ion in
mines?
Yes
3
In you opinion, is he ex ac ion a he app op ia e le el?
Yes
4
In you opinion, does au oma ion a ec an inc ease in p oduc ion?
Yes
5
Do you hink ha he p og ess o he longwall should be inc eased?
I don' know
6
Do you hink i is possible o inc ease he numbe o daily wo k cycles
o he oadheade ?
I don' know
7
Do you hink ha he Mines should s i e o in ensi y p oduc ion and
he concen a ion o ex ac ion?
Yes
8
Do you eel sa e in you wo kplace?
Yes
9
Do you hink ha new echnologies imp o e wo k sa e y?
Yes
10
Do you hink ha new solu ions should be sough o imp o e wo k
sa e y?
Yes
Table 3. Ques ions conce ning cu en solu ions ega ding powe ed oo suppo s
Ques ion
Numbe
Ques ion
Answe
1
Do you hink ha he cu en de elopmen o powe ed oo suppo s is
a an app op ia e le el?
Yes
2
Do you hink ha he powe ed oo suppo sec ions mee hei
equi emen s?
Yes
3
Do you know wha he load capaci y o powe ed oo suppo is?
Yes
4
In you opinion, does he powe ed oo suppo wo k wi h he equi ed
load capaci y?
No
5
Do you hink ha he oo o he longwall is p ope ly suppo ed?
No
6
In you opinion, a e he cu en sec ion con ol sys ems eliable?
No
7
Do you no ice any p oblems when mo ing a sec ion o he powe ed oo
suppo ?
Yes
8
In you opinion, a e he e equen ailu es o he hyd aulic sys em o
he oo suppo , e.g. leakage o he p ops?
Yes
9
Do you belie e ha powe ed oo suppo s equi e imp o emen s and
inno a i e solu ions?
Yes
10
In you opinion, can eliable ope a ion o he powe ed oo suppo
a ec he inc ease in ex ac ion?
Yes
Table 4. Ques ions conce ning echnology de elopmen in he ield o powe ed oo suppo
Ques ion
Numbe
Ques ion
Answe
1
Do you hink ha e o s should be made o educe he ailu e a e o
Yes
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31
he powe ed oo suppo s' sec ions?
2
Do you hink ha he eliabili y o he sec ion should be imp o ed?
Yes
3
In you opinion, should he ope a ing pa ame e s o he powe ed oo
suppo be moni o ed?
Yes
4
Do you hink i is necessa y o check ha he sec ions ob ain he ini ial
load capaci y?
Yes
5
In you opinion, is i possible o ully au oma e he eloca ion o
sec ions?
No
6
Do you hink ha he cu en sec ion con ol sys ems should be
imp o ed?
No
7
Do you expec suppo in he p ocess o expanding he sec ions and
ob aining he equi ed load capaci y?
Yes
8
In you opinion, does he ime o eloca ing he sec ions o he powe ed oo
suppo s a ec he amoun o ex ac ion?
Yes
9
Do you hink i is possible o speed up he ope a ion o eloca ing he
sec ions?
I don' know
10
In you opinion, should we look o new solu ions aimed a educing he
ime o eloca ing he sec ions?
I don' know
Resul s
Human ac o esea ch in de eloping he hyd aulic sys em o powe ed oo suppo was ca ied ou in ou
a eas, as men ioned ea lie .
S age 1 – echnology de elopmen o unde g ound mining in he e a o Indus y 4.0
The esul s o esea ch in he scope o he i s a ea conce ning he de elopmen o echnology o
unde g ound mining in he e a o Indus y 4.0 a e p esen ed in Figu e 3.
Fig. 3. Resul s o A ea Numbe 1 Su eys o Table 1
The conduc ed esea ch shows ha 36.5% o esponden s knew wha Indus y 4.0 is, and 22% o esponden s
we e in e es ed in he new solu ions possible using Indus y 4.0 echnologies. The concep o Indus y 4.0 was
known o bo h manual wo ke s as well as supe iso s, he as majo i y o whom ha e seconda y o uni e si y
educa ion. Rega dless o he knowledge o he concep o Indus y 4.0, almos all esponden s ag eed ha he
u he de elopmen o echnology should ansla e in o a as e a e o economic g ow h.
The as majo i y o he su eyed employees belie ed ha he implemen a ion o inno a i e solu ions also
a ec ed he success o he company. 84.5% o he esponden s answe ed ques ion 4 in he a i ma i e. Mo e han
hal o he esponden s ound i di icul o assess whe he Indus y 4.0 solu ions could educe p oduc ion cos s.
Only 22% o esponden s belie ed ha Indus y 4.0 could ha e an impac on educing p oduc ion cos s, and 1.5%
disag eed wi h his s a emen . On he o he hand, he ques ion o whe he inno a i e solu ions we e necessa y o
he company o be compe i i e in he in e na ional ma ke was posi i ely answe ed by as many as 90% o he
esponden s.
Mo e han hal o he employees (52%) would like hei wo k o be eplaced by in elligen machines. 38% o
he esponden s did no exp ess such willingness, and 10% had no opinion. A he same ime, as many as 40% o
esponden s we e a aid o job educ ions caused by au oma ion and Indus y 4.0. Only 30% o esponden s did
no ha e conce ns abou job educ ions, and he same amoun o esponden s did no ha e an opinion on his
subjec . Mo e han hal o he esponden s (56%) no iced inno a i e solu ions in hei daily wo k. Despi e conce ns
abou job cu s, he as majo i y, 91% o esponden s, decla ed ha ing us in new echnologies.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
12345678910
Numbe o esponses
Ques ion numbe
I don '
know
No
Yes

Bea a BORSKA e al. / Ac a Mon anis ica Slo aca, Volume 28 (2023), Numbe 1, 27-37
32
S age 2 – inno a i e solu ions in mining
Figu e 4 summa izes he answe s o he second a ea - he ield o inno a i e solu ions in mining.
Fig. 4. Su ey esul s o A ea Numbe 2 o Table 2
Almos all esponden s (88%) ag eed ha he Mines need inno a i e solu ions. Responden s also ag eed on
he in oduc ion o au oma ion and digi iza ion in mines. As many as 77.5% o esponden s suppo such
ope a ions.
The mine s wo king in he longwall a e no sa is ied wi h he cu en le el o ex ac ion. 63.5% o he
esponden s belie e ha he ex ac ion is no a an app op ia e le el. Only 26.5% o esponden s claim o be
sa is ied in his si ua ion. Mos esponden s (66.5%) claim ha au oma ion a ec s he inc ease in ex ac ion. In
addi ion, mos mine s belie e ha he p og ess o he longwall should be inc eased. This opinion is sha ed by as
many as 88% o he esponden s. A he same ime, 54% o esponden s belie e ha i is possible o inc ease he
numbe o oadheade ope a ing cycles pe day. The mine s also see a need o in ensi y he p oduc ion and
concen a ion o ex ac ion. 66.5% o he su eyed employees suppo such ac i i ies, only 1.5% say he con a y,
and 33% ha e no opinion on his issue.
Mo e han hal o he mine s (60.5%) deemed hei wo kplace sa e. 25.5% o he su eyed employees ha e
no sense o secu i y in hei daily wo k. The esponden s ag ee ha new echnologies imp o ed wo k sa e y. As
many as 88% o mine s sha ed his opinion. Al hough mo e han hal o mine s eel sa e in hei wo kplace, as
many as 94.5% o esponden s see he need o look o new solu ions in he ield o imp o ing sa e y.
S age 3 – cu en solu ions o he powe ed oo suppo
In he hi d s age, he ocus was on he assessmen o cu en solu ions in he ield o powe ed oo suppo s.
The esul s o he esea ch a e p esen ed in Figu e 5.
Fig. 5. Su ey esul s o A ea Numbe 3 o Table 3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
12345678910
Numbe o esponses
Ques ion numbe
I don' know
No
Yes
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Numbe o esponses
Ques ion numbe
I don' know
No
Yes
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33
Almos hal (49%) o mine s belie e ha he cu en de elopmen o powe ed oo suppo s is a he igh
le el. 40% o esponden s did no exp ess sa is ac ion wi h he cu en ly used powe ed oo suppo s, and 11% o
esponden s do no ha e an opinion on his subjec . Simila answe s we e ob ained o he ques ion o whe he he
powe ed oo suppo s me hei equi emen s co ec ly. 41.5% o esponden s answe ed a i ma i ely, 36.5% said
no, and 22% did no exp ess a clea opinion.
The as majo i y o employees( 86%) knew wha powe ed oo suppo 's load capaci y is. A he same ime,
when i came o ob aining he equi ed load capaci y and he igh suppo o he exca a ion oo , he opinions
we e di ided. 40% o he esponden s belie ed ha he powe ed oo suppo s wo k wi h he equi ed load capaci y,
and 12% said hey do no . In u n, 45.5% o he esponden s answe ed ha he exca a ion oo is p ope ly
suppo ed, and 37% belie ed he opposi e.
On he o he hand, he mine s we e unanimous on he eliabili y o he powe ed oo suppo s. Only 10% o
esponden s belie e ha he cu en sec ion con ol sys ems we e eliable. As many as 82.5% o esponden s we e
no sa is ied wi h he eliabili y o he con ol sys ems. 60% o mine s saw p oblems in eloca ing he powe ed
oo suppo sec ion. In addi ion, mo e han hal o he esponden s (65.5%) said ha hyd aulic sys em ailu es
occu equen ly. Mine s esponded wi h a majo i y o o es (73.5%) ha powe ed oo suppo s equi ed
imp o emen s and inno a i e solu ions. As many as 81.5% o he esponden s belie ed ha eliable ope a ion o
he powe ed oo suppo could a ec he inc ease in ex ac ion.
S age 4 – echnology de elopmen conce ning powe ed oo suppo
In he las s age, he opinions o mine s on he scope o u he di ec ions o he de elopmen o powe ed oo
suppo s we e examined. The answe s a e p esen ed in Figu e 6.
Fig. 6. Su ey esul s o A ea numbe 4 o able 4
Rega ding he de elopmen o powe ed oo suppo s, he mine s ag eed on he need o s i e o educe hei
ailu e a e. This opinion was sha ed by (80,5%) o he esponden s. The emaining 19.5% did no ha e an opinion
on his subjec . As many as 89% o mine s also saw he need o imp o e he eliabili y o he powe ed oo suppo s.
The majo i y o he su eyed employees (77.5%) belie ed ha he pe o mance o he powe ed oo suppo s
should be moni o ed. In addi ion, he as majo i y o esponden s (89%) saw he need o con ol whe he he
sec ions ha e been expanded o he ini ial load capaci y.
Rega ding he au oma ic eloca ion o sec ions, he opinions o mine s we e di ided. 40% o esponden s
accep he possibili y o using au oma ic eloca ion o sec ions. 33% o esponden s belie ed ha his solu ion is
no possible, and 27% had no opinion on his subjec . A he same ime, mine s expec he implemen a ion o new
solu ions. 56% o esponden s belie ed ha he cu en sec ion con ol sys ems should be imp o ed. 67.5% o
esponden s expec ed suppo in he p ocess o sec ion expanding and ob aining he equi ed load capaci y.
Acco ding o he esponden s, he ime o eloca ing he sec ion a e a longwall panel was comple ed a ec ed
he amoun o ex ac ion. This opinion was sha ed by 75.5% o he esponden s. A he same ime, 47.5% belie ed
ha he p ocess o sec ion eloca ion could be accele a ed, and 30% denied i . 44% o esponden s said ha new
solu ions should be sough o sho en he ime o sec ion eloca ion. 32.5% o esponden s did no see such a need,
and 23.5% o esponden s emained neu al in his ega d.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Numbe o esponses
Ques ion numbe
I don' know
No
Yes
Bea a BORSKA e al. / Ac a Mon anis ica Slo aca, Volume 28 (2023), Numbe 1, 27-37
34
Discussion
Figu e 7 shows he answe s o indi idual g oups o esponden s o each s udied a ea. Manual wo ke s om
mechanical, elec ical and mining depa men s as well as supe ision employees, we e no ed he e. In he end, each
o he ou s udied a eas was summa ized. The pe cen age a es o esponses o indi idual a eas we e shown.
Fig. 7. A summa y o su ey esul s
The esponses o indi idual g oups o esponden s we e e y simila and did no di e signi ican ly.
Rega dless o he posi ion held, employees ha e simila iews. Al hough he concep o Indus y 4.0 was no
widely known among mine employees, hey belie ed ha inno a ion gene a es economic g ow h and posi i ely
a ec ed he compe i i eness and success o he company. A he same ime, hey decla ed ha ing us in new
echnologies.
Employees no iced he need o in ensi y p oduc i i y and inc ease ex ac ion. A he same ime, hey expec ed
he implemen a ion o inno a i e solu ions in mines. Al hough mo e han hal o he esponden s el sa e in hei
wo kplace, employees belie ed ha e o s should be made o imp o e sa e y.
Rega ding he powe ed oo suppo s, o e 40% o esponden s exp essed sa is ac ion wi h he cu en ly used
sys ems. They belie ed ha he powe ed oo suppo ul ils i s unc ion well and ha he exca a ion oo is
p ope ly suppo ed. Howe e , mos esponden s no iced he p oblem o equen ailu es, including ailu es o he
hyd aulic sys em. Thus, mine wo ke s expec ed inno a i e solu ions ha would imp o e he eliabili y o he
ope a ion o he powe ed oo suppo s. The esponden s also saw he need o moni o he ope a ing pa ame e s o
The esul s o he s udy o he human ac o in he de elopmen o he hyd aulic sys em o he powe ed oo
suppo
S age 1
De elopmen o
echnology o
unde g ound mining in
he e a o Indus y 4.0
Mechanics
Yes 52,2%
No 30,3%
I don' know 17,5%
Elec icians
Yes 46,8 %
No 35,0%
I don' know 18,2%
Mine s
Yes 60,4 %
No 26,4%
I don' know 13,2%
Supe iosion wo ke s
Yes 63,3 %
No 22,7%
I don' know 13,9%
S age 1:
Yes 58,4 %
No 26,7%
I don' know 14,9%
S age 2
Inno a i e solu ions in
mining
Mechanics
Yes 66,9%
No 12,5%
I don' know 20,6%
Elec icians
Yes 60,4 %
No 32,1 %
I don' know 7,5 %
Mine s
Yes 61,8 %
No 30,9 %
I don' know 7,3 %
Supe iosion wo ke s
Yes 74,6 %
No 13,9 %
I don' know 11,4 %
S age 2:
Yes 67,8%
No 21,0%
I don' know 11,2%
S age 3
Cu en solu ions in he
ield o powe ed oo
suppo s
Mechanics
Yes 58,4%
No 31,9%
I don' know 9,7%
Elec icians
Yes 49,3 %
No 31,1%
I don' know 19,6 %
Mine s
Yes 47,7%
No 31,1%
I don' know 21,3 %
Supe iosion wo ke s
Yes 61,2 %
No 26,3 %
I don' know 12,5 %
S age 3:
Yes 55,3%
No 29,2%
I don' know 15,5%
S age 4
De elopmen o
echnology in he ield o
powe ed oo suppo
Mechanics
Yes 72,2%
No 13,8 %
I don' know 14,1 %
Elec icians
Yes 66,4 %
No 23,6 %
I don' know 10,0 %
Mine s
Yes 58,8 %
No 27,3 %
I don; know 13,9 %
Supe iosion wo ke s
Yes 69,9 %
No 21,0 %
I don' know 9,2%
S age 4:
Yes 66,7 %
No 22,0%
I don' know 11,4%
Bea a BORSKA e al. / Ac a Mon anis ica Slo aca, Volume 28 (2023), Numbe 1, 27-37
35
he powe ed oo suppo . They no iced he need o con ol he equi ed load capaci y ob ained in he sec ions.
Acco ding o he esponden s, eliable ope a ion o he powe ed oo suppo could a ec he inc ease in ex ac ion.
Conclusions
I can be concluded ha one o he impo an aspec s o he de elopmen o echnology is he human ac o .
Technologies a e used and ope a ed by people, and hei p ima y unc ion is o se e hem. The e o e, new
echnologies should espond o he needs o socie y. The aim o his s udy was o examine he human ac o in he
de elopmen o he hyd aulic sys em o powe ed oo suppo . Fo his pu pose, su eys we e ca ied ou . Mine
employees who wo k wi h powe ed oo suppo s on a daily basis pa icipa ed in his su ey. The opinion
conce ning he ield o Indus y 4.0 and he de elopmen o new echnologies in mining, including mainly powe ed
oo suppo s, was examined.
Based on he assumed ela ionship in sec ion wo, he human ac o should be used in o de o inc ease he
sa e y le el o he powe ed suppo ope a ion. The ac o is de ined as a gene al e m used in a speciali y ha
s udies human-machine ela ions. To imp o e sa e y, bo h man and machine mus be unde s ood as one sys em.
Wha is needed is he bes possible adap a ion o he mechanized longwall lining o coope a e wi h he man
ope a ing i .
The esea ch shows ha mos mine wo ke s see a need o de elop echnology and imp o e he cu en ly used
solu ions in mining. The esponden s suppo he idea o he in oduc ion o au oma ion and digi iza ion in mines.
Employees a e in e es ed in new echnologies ha will help hem in hei daily wo k, and ha will inc ease sa e y.
Employees ela i ely a ely answe ed "I do no know" (Fig. 7), which p o es hei high awa eness.
The esul s o he conduc ed es s and hei analysis indica e he need o u he de elopmen o he powe ed
oo suppo . The esponden s' answe s may be use ul o cons uc o s and p oduce s o powe ed oo suppo s, as
well as p oduce s o con ol hyd aulics. The p esen ed conclusions may help o de e mine he lines o esea ch o
powe ed oo suppo s and he lines o hei de elopmen . Responden s poin ed ou he need o de elop he
powe ed oo suppo in e ms o bea ing capaci y. I is also necessa y o imp o e eliabili y. Mine s also expec
o moni o and con ol he ope a ing pa ame e s o he powe ed oo suppo . In he u u e, he esea ch may be
supplemen ed wi h o he aspec s o he cons uc ion and ope a ion o powe ed oo suppo s.
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