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h p://doi.o g/10.29227/IM-2021-01-10
1) Mg . PhD.; VŠB-Technical uni e si y o Os a a, Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, Lud íka Podéš ě 1875/17, 708 33 Os a a-Po uba, Czech
Republic; email: dagma .dlouha@ sb.cz
2) RND . PhD.; VŠB-Technical uni e si y o Os a a, Facul y o Ci il Enginee ing, Lud íka Podéš ě 1875/17, 708 33 Os a a-Po uba,
Czech Republic; email: ik o .dubo sky@ sb.cz
Speci ica ion o he Clima e Cha ac e in he S udy
A ea o P ojec ed Hyd ic Reclama ion
Dagma DLOUHÁ1), Vik o DUBOVSKÝ2)
Abs ac
Hyd ical eclama ion o he esidual pi o Mos -Ležáky is pa o he comp ehensi e e i alisa ion o he land a ec ed in he pas by
mining ac i i y wi h an a ea o 1264 ha. Thus, in e ms o emedia ion and eclama ion, he mos app op ia e way o eclaim he
esidual pi , as one o he inal s ages o he long- e m eclama ion ac i i ies ha ha e been going on in he a ea o mo e han hal a
cen u y, occu s unde he gi en condi ions. The Lake Mos , ou s udy a ea, was planned and c ea ed as a hyd ic ecul i a ion o he
o me su ace Mos -Ležáky mine loca ed nea he own o Mos , in he oo hills o he O e Moun ains, app oxima ely 80 kilome e s
no hwes o he capi al o he Czech Republic - P ague. The Lake Mos ep esen s ex ensi e hyd ic eclama ion, which is unique in he
sense ha i does no ha e a na u al in low and uno , he e o e an a i icial eede om he Ohře Ri e had o be buil . The main goal
o he ongoing esea ch is o cons uc a ma hema ical model p edic ing he wa e balance o Lake Mos . The e o e, i is impo an o
sepa a e amoun o wa e ha is los by he e apo a ion and amoun o wa e ha is los in o he subsoil. I we do no wish o use only
empe a u e equa ions bu mo e complex me hods and equa ions o calcula e e apo a ion ins ead, we need o ha e ela i e humidi y,
a mosphe ic p essu e, wind speed, and dayligh leng h alues. In addi ion o he clima ic da a needed o calcula e he e apo a ion,
he amoun o p ecipi a ion is needed o cons uc he balance equa ion o he a ea. An impo an objec i e in planning all hyd ic
eclama ions is o ensu e hei long- e m sus ainabili y, which is based on a de ailed desc ip ion o he s udy a ea's clima e and local
hyd ological condi ions. In ou a icle we ocus on assessing he e olu ion o clima e in he a ea o his hyd ic eclama ion. We ha e
p ocessed a long- e m se ies o measu emen s in mon hly a e ages om he Kopis y me eos a ion da a p o ided by he Ins i u e o
A mosphe ic Physics o he CAS.
Keywo ds: clima e, e apo a ion, hyd ic eclama ion, Lake Mos
In oduc ion
The issue o ee wa e su ace e apo a ion is highly opi-
cal in ela ion o he sinking o pi s a e su ace mining, gi en
he na u e o he wea he in ecen yea s. The impac o wa e
su ace e apo a ion on he o e all hyd ological balance o a i -
e basin can be signi ican , especially in yea s wi h low annual
p ecipi a ion. Cu en ly, he inc easing ai empe a u es appea
o be he bigges p oblem, esul ing in inc eased e i o ial as
well as wa e su ace e apo a ion. These wa e losses om he
hyd ological sys em a e no su icien ly compensa ed by annual
p ecipi a ion, which is une enly dis ibu ed ac oss he e i o y
o he Czech Republic, and hus he e a e a eas in he Czech
Republic whe e he o al e apo a ion exceeds p ecipi a ion and
d ough e ec s can be obse ed, see, e.g. (Be an & Hanel, 2015).
Basically he e a e i e me hods o de e mining e apo a-
ion: wa e budge me hod, mass ans e me hod, ene gy bud-
ge me hod, pan e apo a ion me hod and combined me hod,
see (B u sae , 2005), (Maidmen , 1993). Each o hese me hods
could yield di e en equa ions despi e he basic ideas being he
same. This could be caused by di e en app oaches o de e mi-
na ion o in ol ed empi ical cons an s and coe icien s (Dlouhá
& Dubo ský, 2019).
Cha ac e is ics o he a ea
Ou s udy a ea, Lake Mos (Fig.1) was c ea ed by he hyd ic
ecul i a ion o Mos – Ležáky qua y, which was si ua ed in he
cen al pa o he No h Bohemian b own coal basin. Be o e he
looding o he a ea o he esidual pi a whole lo o sani a ion
wo ks had o be done, such as building sewe age o he u u e
lake, cons uc ion o he unde g ound sealing wall, cons uc-
ion o he banks, acco ding o he law in he Czech Republic.
All hese landscape in e en ions we e done wi h espec o he
u u e usage o he lake (Dlouhá & Dubo ský, 2019). The Lake
Mos is a closed sys em wi hou na u al in low o ou low. The e-
sidual pi o he lake was illed h ough a eede om Nech anice
indus ial wa e pipeline om he Ohře Ri e in 2008-2014. The
cu en lake a ea is 309.4 hec a es wi h a wa e olume o 70.5
million cubic me e s and a maximum dep h o 75 me e s. Un il
Sep embe 2020, he wa e wo ks was ope a ed in he alida ion
egime, now i se es as a ec ea ional a ea.
Ma e ials and me hods
We ha e p ocesed a long- e m se ies o measu emen s in
mon hly a e ages om he Kopis y me eos a ion da a p o ided
by he Ins i u e o A mosphe ic Physics o he CAS. The esul s
in annual a e ages a e complemen ed by a end as well as a e-
g ession line. The end line is a line d awn o e pi o al heigh s
o below he pi o al minimum ha indica es he p edominan
di ec ion o he quan i y o be moni o ed. The eg ession line is
in e spe sed wi h a se o pi o al heigh s.
The end is no unequi ocal when compa ing annual p e-
cipi a ion o als (Fig. 2). Using he end line (a), i s a ia ion
Submission da e: 29-01-2021 | Re iew da e: 06-05-2021
76 Inżynie ia Mine alna — S yczeń – Cze wiec 2021 Janua y – July — Jou nal o he Polish Mine al Enginee ing Socie y
wi h he a ia ion in annual p ecipi a ion can be seen. I he
eg ession line is used, he e is an upwa d end (b).
Tempe a u e p ocessing esul s indica e ha he a e age
annual empe a u e (Fig. 3) is inc easing in end using bo h
he end line (a) and he eg ession line (b). This ise is es ima -
ed o be 2°C, o he epo ing pe iod 1970-2018.
Annual wind speed a e ages (Fig. 4) luc ua e g ea ly, so
does he end line (a). Howe e , when he eg ession line (b) is
in e sec ed, we can alk abou a small dec ease.
The compa ison o annual sunshine a e ages (Fig. 5) clea ly
shows an inc easing end using bo h me hods (a), (b).
Mois u e, which has been on a sus ained end h oughou
he moni o ed pe iod, has expe ienced luc ua ions in ecen
yea s (Fig. 6) which a e ollowed by he end line (a). In a linea
eg ession, he line is sligh ly ising (b), despi e he e apo a ion
being mo e subno mal in ecen yea s.
Compa ison o annual e apo a ion ETh om he Kopis y
me eos a ion da a in he pe iod 1970-2018
Da a om 1970-2018 is a ailable in mon hly a e ages.
The e o e, he Tho n hwai e me hod o he mon h s ep (1) was
chosen o calcula e he e apo a ion.
The Tho n hwai e me hod is he mos equen ly ci ed
me hod o de e mining e apo a ion. A mo e de ailed desc ip-
ion o he me hod can be ound in books (Wilson, 1974), (Da-
ie, 2008), o (Ge osa, 2011). In hose books e e ence is made
o an a icle (Tho n hwai e, 1948) in which Tho n hwai e de-
i es he o mula and u he uses i o classi y he clima e, i.e.
o di ide i in o pe humid, humid, mois subhumid, d y subhu-
mid, semia id and a id egions.
I uses a mon hly o annual empe a u e index o de e -
mine he mon hly e apo a ion a e alone, im=(Tam )/5)1,514 esp.
I=∑12
m=1 im, whe e Tam, whe e Tam is he a e age ai empe a u e
in he m- h calenda mon h. The annual empe a u e index I
is hus calcula ed om he long- e m/mon hly empe a u e
a e ages o Tam o he whole yea . In he calcula ion o ETh i -
sel , Tam indica es he a e age ai empe a u e in he mon h in
which we a e o de e mine he e apo a ion and he esul ing ETh
alue co esponds o he e apo a ion in millime es pe mon h
(mmm-1).
In mon hs in which he a e age empe a u e o Tam is neg-
a i e, he mon hly index im shall be se equal o ze o, and so
shall ETh i sel be ze o in ha case. Fo posi i e Tam alues, he
mon hly o al o e apo a ion ETh is calcula ed as ollows:
ETh=(10Ta)/I)675.10-9I3-771.10-7 I2+1792.10-5 I+o,49239 (1)
Since his is a empe a u e equa ion, we can see a simila
end and inc ease as o empe a u e (Fig.7).
Compa ison o he annual e apo a ion E_Rom om he
Kopis y me eos a ion da a om he pe iod 1970 – 2019
The Romanenko me hod (2) is, a e he Tho n hwai e
e apo anspi a ion de e mina ion me hod, ano he me hod
ha wo ks in a mon hly s ep. I is desc ibed by he ollowing
ela ionship
ERom= 0,0018∙(100-RH)∙(25+Ta )2 (2)
whe e Ta and RH deno es a e age ai empe a u e and ela i e
ai humidi y, espec i ely.
As in he case o Tho n hwai e, we can see an inc easing
end in e apo a ion in Romanenko, e en hough his equa ion
depends no only on empe a u e bu also on humidi y (Fig. 8).
Resul s and discussion
The esea ch eam, which was es ablished hanks o he
suppo o he "CzechAdap - Sys em o he exchange o in-
o ma ion on clima e change impac s, ulne abili y and adap-
a ion measu es in he Czech Republic" p ojec published hei
p edic ion o he u u e de elopmen o clima e condi ions on
he p ojec 's websi e (www.ecosys emse ices.cz).
A compa ison o he a e age annual p ecipi a ion a e ages
o he pe iod 1970-2018 and he o ecas s o he pe iod 2021-
2100 show ha he amoun o p ecipi a ion should be simila .
Howe e , he a e age ai empe a u e will ise.
When assessing he amoun o wa e in ou landscape, we
ha e o ake in o accoun ha he ex emes o p ecipi a ion ha e
become inc easingly dynamic in ecen yea s. The inc ease in
ai empe a u e o e he pe iod om 1970 o 2018 is demon-
s able, bu he s eady s a e o annual p ecipi a ion is s a is i-
cally con i med. These indings indica e ha he equency o
d ough s may be inc easing, as e idenced by hese e alua ions.
Compa ed o he a e ages o empe a u es and p ecipi a-
ion in he Czech Republic, he a ea o planned hyd ic eclama-
ion is si ua ed in an a ea o se e ely abo e-no mal a e age an-
nual empe a u e, a s ongly sub-no mal o al o p ecipi a ion
and a sub-s anda d numbe o hou s o sunshine.
Each a ea has i s own speci ic condi ions and is also di e -
en wi hin a single s udy a ea. The eason why i is impo an
o ha e he bes measu ed clima e da a in a long-enough ime
se ies is cap u ed by he g aph (Fig. 9) showing he pe cen age
inc ease in annual e apo a ion i he a e age empe a u e in-
c eases by 1 deg ee and i i inc eases by 3 deg ees.
Since we ha e daily s ep da a o 2014-2018, we we e able
o de e mine he e ec o empe a u e ise on ee wa e su -
ace e apo a ion using he Penman – Mon ei h equa ion, which
wo ks wi h daily s ep da a.
Fig. 1. The Lake Mos
Rys. 1. Jezio o Mos
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Inżynie ia Mine alna — S yczeń – Cze wiec 2021 Janua y – July — Jou nal o he Polish Mine al Enginee ing Socie y
Fig. 2. Compa ison o he annual p ecipi a ion based on he da a om he Kopis y me eos a ion in 1970 – 2018 supplemen ed wi h he end line (a) and he
eg ession line (b)
Fig. 3. Compa ison o he annual empe a u e a e ages om he Kopis y me eos a ion da a om he pe iod 1970-2018 supplemen ed wi h he end line (a)
and he eg ession line (b)
Fig. 5. Compa ison o he annual sunshine a e ages om he Kopis y me eos a ion da a om he pe iod 1970-2018 supplemen ed wi h he end line (a)
and he eg ession line (b)
Fig. 5. Compa ison o he annual sunshine a e ages om he Kopis y me eos a ion da a om he pe iod 1970-2018 supplemen ed wi h he end line (a)
and he eg ession line (b)
Fig. 4. Compa ison o he annual wind speed a e ages om he Kopis y me eos a ion da a om he pe iod 1970-2018 supplemen ed wi h he end line (a)
and he eg ession line (b)
Rys. 2. Po ównanie opadów ocznych na pods awie danych z me eos acji Kopis y w la ach 1970 - 2018 uzupełnionych o linię endu (a) i linię eg esji (b)
Rys. 3. Po ównanie ocznych ś ednich empe a u z danych me eo ologicznych Kopis y z la 1970-2018 uzupełnionych o linię endu (a) i linię eg esji (b)
Rys. 5. Po ównanie ocznych ś ednich nasłonecznienia z danych me eo ologicznych Kopis y z la 1970-2018 uzupełnionych o linię endu (a) i linię eg esji (b)
Rys. 5. Po ównanie ocznych ś ednich nasłonecznienia z danych me eo ologicznych Kopis y z la 1970-2018 uzupełnionych o linię endu (a) i linię eg esji (b)
Rys. 4. Po ównanie ocznych ś ednich p ędkości wia u z danych me eo ologicznych Kopis y z la 1970-2018 uzupełnionych o linię endu (a) i linię eg esji (b)
78 Inżynie ia Mine alna — S yczeń – Cze wiec 2021 Janua y – July — Jou nal o he Polish Mine al Enginee ing Socie y
In he wo k (Allen e al., 1998) FAO (Food and Ag icul u e
O ganiza ion o he Uni ed Na ions) ecommended The Pen-
man-Mon ei h equa ion in he o m (3) as s anda d es ima ion
me hod.
(3)
The EFAO deno es he e apo anspi a ion in ensi y in mmd-1
and i is calcula ed using he ollowing a iables and cons an s.
The e m ∆ ep esen s he slope o he wa e apo sa u a ion
cu e a a gi en ai empe a u e, Rn is he ne adia ion on he
su ace, and G is he hea s o age change in soil o in wa e , bo h
Rn and G a e exp essed in MJm-2 d-1. Acco ding o Linac e a icle
(Linac e, 1993) o daily o mon hly es ima es o he e apo a ion
a e o ee wa e le el he e m G can be neglec ed, i.e. se G=0.
The e m (es-ea ) in kPa, is he di e ence o sa u a ion apo p es-
su e and ac ual apo p essu e, u2 deno es wind speed in heigh
2m abo e su ace in ms-1. The cons an γ depends on a mosphe -
ic p essu e P in kPa, Ta is ai empe a u e in °C.
Conclusion
A long- e m se ies o clima e da a shows ha he a e age
annual ai empe a u e in he pe iod 2014-2018 inc eased by
abou 2°C in compa ison wi h he pe iod 1970-2013. As a e-
sul , ee wa e su ace e apo a ion is 5-6% highe . Simula ing
and p edic ing he u he de elopmen o he hyd ological bal-
ance o he s udy a ea ollowing p ecipi a ion and ai empe a-
u e scena ios o u u e pe iods and assessing he impac o cli-
ma e change scena ios on he hyd ological balance o he pilo
a ea is he e o e an essen ial pa o p epa ing planned hyd ic
eclama ion. This is he only way o es ima e he expec ed ee
wa e su ace e apo a ion and use i o es ablish a long- e m
sus ainable wa e balance in he s udy a ea.
Acknowledgmen
This con ibu ion has been comple ed hanks o he inancial
suppo p o ided o VSB-Technical Uni e si y o Os a a by he
Czech Minis y o Educa ion, You h and Spo s om he bud-
ge o concep ual de elopmen o science, esea ch and inno a-
ions o he 2020 yea . The au ho s would like o exp ess u he
hanks o The Ins i u e o A mosphe ic Physics CAS o he p o-
ided me eo ological da a om hei measu ing s a ion Kopis y.
Fig. 7. Compa ison o he annual e apo a ion ETh om he Kopis y me eos a ion da a om he pe iod 1970-2018 supplemen ed wi h he end line (a) and
he eg ession line (b)
Fig. 9. Pe cen age inc ease in annual e apo a ion
Fig. 8. Compa ison o annual e apo a ion ERom om he Kopis y me eos a ion da a o he pe iod 1970 – 2018 supplemen ed wi h he end line (a) and he
eg ession line (b)
Rys. 7. Po ównanie ocznego ETh pa owania z danych me eo ologicznych Kopis y z ok esu 1970-2018 uzupełnionych o linię endu (a) i linię eg esji (b)
Rys. 9. P ocen owy wz os ocznego pa owania
Rys. 8. Po ównanie ocznego ERom pa owania z danych me eo ologicznych Kopis y z ok esu 1970 - 2018 uzupełnionych o linię endu (a) i linię eg esji (b)
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Inżynie ia Mine alna — S yczeń – Cze wiec 2021 Janua y – July — Jou nal o he Polish Mine al Enginee ing Socie y
Li e a u a – Re e ences
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i elnos i-a-adap acnich-opa enich-na-uzemi-c /
10. Allen, R. G., Pe ei a, L., Raes, D., Smi h M. (1998) “C op e apo anspi a ion-Guidelines o compu ing c op wa e
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11. Linac e, E. T. (1993). “Da a-spa se es ima ion o lake e apo a ion, using a simpli ied Penman equa ion”, Ag icul u -
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Słowa kluczowe: klima , pa owanie, ekul ywacja wodna, jezio o Mos
Ok eślenie cha ak e ys yki klima u w badanym obsza ze p ojek owanej ekul ywacji wodnej
Jezio o Mos jes wyją kowe w ym sensie, że nie ma na u alnego dopływu i odpływu, dla ego konieczne było wybudowanie
sz ucznego dopływu zeki Ohře. Głównym celem p owadzonych badań jes zbudowanie modelu ma ema ycznego p ognozu-
jącego bilans wodny jezio a Mos . Dla ego ważne jes , aby zbilansować ilość wody aconej w wyniku pa owania od ilości wody
aconej do podłoża. Poza zależnościami od empe a u y, wyko zys ano ba dziej złożone me ody i ównania do obliczenia e ek u
pa owania, uwzględniające wa ości wilgo ności względnej, ciśnienia a mos e ycznego, p ędkości wia u i długości dnia. Op ócz
danych klima ycznych po zebnych do obliczenia pa owania, w ównaniach bilansu uwzględniono ilość opadów. Ważnym ce-
lem p zy planowaniu ekul ywacji wodnej jes zapewnienie długo e minowej wałości, co opie a się na szczegółowym opisie
klima u i lokalnych wa unków hyd ologicznych badanego obsza u. W naszym a ykule skupiono się na ocenie ewolucji klima u
w badanym obsza ze ekul ywacji wodnej. P ze wo zono se ię długo e minowych pomia ów w ś ednich miesięcznych z danych
me eo ologicznych Kopis y dos a czonych p zez Ins y u Fizyki A mos e y CAS.