T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XVII, No. 2, 2022
14
pp. 14-25, DOI: 10.35182/ ses-2022-0005
DETERMINATION OF OZONE CONCENTRATION AND ITS EFFECT
ON DEGRADATION OF MATERIALS
Romana FRIEDRICHOVÁ1, Jan KARL2, Milan RŮŽIČKA3, Anna VYSKOČILOVÁ4,
Ma ek MARTINEC5, Ma in VESELÝ6, Jan ŠKUBNÍK7,
Vladimí a SVOBODOVÁ PAVLÍČKOVÁ8, Sil ie RIMPELOVÁ9, Ma in KUCHAŘ10
1 Minis y o In e io , Fi e Rescue Se ice o he Czech Republic, Technical Ins i u e o Fi e P o ec ion, P ague,
Czech Republic, Romana.F ied icho a@hzsc .cz
2 Minis y o In e io , Fi e Rescue Se ice o he Czech Republic, Technical Ins i u e o Fi e P o ec ion, P ague,
Czech Republic, Ka l@hzsc .cz
3 Minis y o In e io , Fi e Rescue Se ice o he Czech Republic, Technical Ins i u e o Fi e P o ec ion, P ague,
Czech Republic, Milan.Ruzicka@hzsc .cz
4 Minis y o In e io , Fi e Rescue Se ice o he Czech Republic, Technical Ins i u e o Fi e P o ec ion, P ague,
Czech Republic, Anna.Vyskocilo a@hzsc .cz
5 Uni e si y o Chemis y and Technology P ague, P ague, Czech Republic, [email p o ec ed]
6 Uni e si y o Chemis y and Technology P ague, P ague, Czech Republic, [email p o ec ed]
7 Uni e si y o Chemis y and Technology P ague, P ague, Czech Republic, [email p o ec ed]
8 Uni e si y o Chemis y and Technology P ague, P ague, Czech Republic, [email p o ec ed]
9 Uni e si y o Chemis y and Technology P ague, P ague, Czech Republic, [email p o ec ed]
10 Uni e si y o Chemis y and Technology P ague, P ague, Czech Republic, [email p o ec ed]
Abs ac : The ongoing Co id-19 pandemics showed he need o he e ec i e decon amina ion
o en i onmen and su aces. One o he op ions could be he use o gas ozone. Ozone
has been well known o i s disin ec ion p ope ies, which we e in he pas used o
decon amina e wa e . In his a icle, we p esen a de elopmen o an easy-made and
eady- o-use po able de ec o o ozone, which could be used o easily de ec ozone in
he en i onmen . In addi ion, we s udied deg ada ion impac o ozone on di e en
ma e ials, which no mally occu in households o a wo king places. Ozone is well
de ec able and does no cause any damage o ma e ials a concen a ions needed o
decon amina ion o he en i onmen .
Keywo ds: De ec o , FTIR Spec oscopy, Ma e ial Deg ada ion, Ozone, Disin ec ion.
Resea ch a icle
In oduc ion
In 2020, we me wi h he wo ldwide COVID-19
pandemic o he i s ime. The issue o disin ec ion/
decon amina ion o su oundings began o be
sol ed a he same ime. In he ollowing pe iods,
disin ec ion was ca ied ou in la ge quan i ies,
whe he i was he space o hospi als, o ices o e en
bus s ops, playg ounds and o he open and closed
spaces. A his ime, he ma ke was sa u a ed wi h
a ious manu ac u e s o disin ec an s wi h di e en ,
e en magical p ope ies. Disin ec ion p ocedu es
o space decon amina ion we e clea ly se by Fi e
and Rescue Se ice o he Czech Republic. S ill,
new simple p ocedu es we e s ill being sough ,
which could be used as addi ional disin ec ion a e
ho ough cleaning o , o example, o ices.
One possibili y was he use o ozone in
he gas phase. This me hod is used o example o
clean ca ai condi ione s. Ozone is also used o
he disin ec ion o wa e and o he p oduc ion
o ozone wa e as a disin ec an . Fi s , we we e
hinking abou he possibili ies o use ozone o
he disin ec ion o su ace o ai . In he cou se o
es ing his, many ques ions and unknown answe s
eme ged, which lead us o s a a la ge p ojec
called "Possibili ies o using ozone o ai and
su ace decon amina ion no only o sec ion o
In eg a ed Rescue Sys em o he Czech Republic"
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XVII, No. 2, 2022
15
pp. 14-25, DOI: 10.35182/ ses-2022-0005
om p essu e bo le. Fo he equi ed concen a ions
o O3, he mix u e o O2 and N2 was p o en o be
he mos sui able sou ce.
Fig. 1 Samples o ma e ials p epa ed o ozona ion
The concen a ion in he box wi h he samples
was adjus ed by he change o he O2/N2 a io a
he en ance o he ozone gene a o and by a ia ion
o ozone gene a o ou pu . The concen a ion was
measu ed by FTIR spec ome e (see below) linked
behind he sealed boxed wi h samples. To ensu e
he low o ozone h ough he box and
he spec ome e he ai pump was linked behind
he spec ome e a he end o he appa a us.
The samples o all o he ma e ials we e exposed
o di e en concen a ions o ozone (1400 ppm,
3000 ppm) o a ious in e als (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 24 h).
A e emo ing he samples om he sealed box,
hey we e indi idually inse ed in o glass ials
and hen hey we e subjec ed o in es iga ion o
deg ada ion (see below).
FTIR Spec ome e
FTIR Spec ome e MATRIX-MG2 om Op ik
Ins umen s, s. .o. (B uke ) wi h an op ical pa h
leng h o 2 m, a olume o 200 ml and maximum
gas cell empe a u e o 191 °C was used o
he measu emen o ozone concen a ion
(Fig. 2). The ad an age o his spec ome e is
was c ea ed. This p ojec deals wi h sol ing and
answe ing all ques ions, which appea ed du ing
he i s ozone es s as means o space
decon amina ion. Fi s , i was necessa y o lea n
how o p oduce and measu e he equi ed amoun
o ozone no only in he labo a o y, bu also
in eal condi ions o subsequen use o disin ec ion.
The i s goal was o c ea e a es me hodology o
ozone de e mina ion and o c ea e a po able simple
de ec o o he use in eal condi ions.
A e we we e able o measu e he concen a ion
o ozone p oduced in a gi en space, we s a ed dealing
wi h wo ields o s udy. One o hem is a eac ion o
ozone wi h ma e ials occu ing commonly in ooms.
This issue is e y impo an , because he s udy
o he e ec o disin ec ion on he su oundings
canno be done wi hou he s udy o he e ec
o he disin ec an on he su ounding ma e ials.
I is e y unwan ed o ha e an excellen disin ec an
ha des oys e e y hing i comes in o con ac wi h.
The second ield deal wi h in he p ojec is an
in luence o ozone on mic oo ganisms. This issue
and he esul s o he in luence on mic oo ganisms
will be desc ibed in a sepa a e a icle. Based on
he i s es s, we al eady know ha he p ocess o
killing mic oo ganisms using ozone will equi e
ime o hou s. Fo his eason, he e ec o ozone on
he deg ada ion o ma e ials in he speci ied
condi ions was s udied.
Ma e ials and me hods
Ma e ials and ozona ion
Common ma e ials o dina ily used in in e io s
we e chosen o he s udy o ma e ial deg ada ion,
in pa icula 12 mm hick whi e melamine aced
chipboa d, pine la h o 10x15 mm, 2 mm hick ac ylic
(PMMA) glass, 5 mm hick nylon ca pe , 2.5 mm
hick expanded poly inyl chlo ide loo co e ing,
0.4 mm hick co on T-shi (100% co on). All
he ma e ials we e cu in o small pieces o maximum
10 mm o each dimension o ozona ion. These pieces
we e equipped wi h a hole, which enabled ixing o
he sample by a ishing line in he sealed box (Fig. 1).
The appa a us o ozona ion o ma e ials
was assembled om he sou ce gasses,
he ozone gene a o , he sealed box wi h a small an,
he FTIR spec ome e and he ai pump. The pa s
o he appa a us we e connec ed by silicone and
e lon ubes ( o p e en decomposi ion o ozone).
Fi s , we es ed which sou ce would be he mos
sui able o he p oduc ion o ozone. In pa icula ,
we e alua ed ai om he su oundings, he mix u e
o O2 and N2 om p essu e bo les and clean O2
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XVII, No. 2, 2022
16
wa e disin ec ion, deodo iza ion and he p oduc ion
o concen a ed ozone wa e .
The in a ed spec oscopy me hod was used o
de e mine ozone concen a ion. A spec um o ozone
has a cha ac e is ic peak in he egion o 1055 cm-1
ha is well sui able o e alua ing quan i a i e da a -
c ea ing a calib a ion cu e (see Fig. 3).
Fig. 3 IR spec um o ozone
Fi s , he measu ing se was assembled o
e icien ly p oduce he equi ed ozone concen a ions,
which would be hen used as indi idual calib a ion
poin s o calib a ing he po able de ec o
(see Fig. 4). Based on he expe imen s ca ied ou ,
N2 and O2 in a io o 1:1 we e selec ed as inpu gasses.
In case o p oducing lowe concen a ions o ozone,
his a io was educed in a o o N2. The p oduc ion
o ozone di ec ly om pu e O2 did no wo k because
he p oduc ion o ozone was oo high, e en wi h
he educ ion o he gene a o 's powe o a minimum.
When we used ambien ai , NO2 was p oduced,
and when we used ai om a p essu e cylinde ,
i was no possible o achie e he p oduc ion o low
concen a ions o ozone. The ozone gene a o was
placed in a labo a o y ume hood (Fig. 4 - 1).
In he beginning, he measu ing se o
de e mining he ozone concen a ion was composed
o p essu e cylinde s o he inpu gasses. A cons an
gas low o 6 l.min-1 in o he ozone gene a o was
ensu ed using a lowme e (see Fig. 4 - 2). The ou pu
was se on he gene a o o p oduce he equi ed
amoun o ozone (see Fig. 4 - 3). The p oduced
ozone lowed in o he gas cell o FTIR Spec ome e
using a gas pump connec ed behind he spec ome e
(see Fig. 4 - 6, 9). The low o ozone h ough he
gas cell was educed o 2 l.min-1 (see Fig. 4 - 7, 8).
So a needle al e was connec ed behind he ozone
gene a o , which se ed bo h o emo e excess
ozone and e i y he measu ed ozone concen a ion
using de ec ion ubes (see Fig. 4 - 4). Fo he
calib a ion o he po able de ec o , a glass langed
he cooling o he de ec o using a c yocoole (S i ling
coole ) wi hou he need o liquid ni ogen. Fo
measu ing ozone concen a ion, a me hodology o
1-500 ppm o ozone has al eady been p epa ed by
he supplie . Since i was necessa y o measu e highe
concen a ions o ozone du ing he expe imen s,
in coope a ion wi h he supplie o he equipmen ,
he me hodology was modi ied o measu e highe
concen a ions as well. The spec a was con inuously
measu ed wi h he ollowing pa ame e s: spec al
ange o 4800-750 cm-1, numbe o scans equal o
10 ( o one poin o he concen a ion cu e o e
ime), spec al esolu ion o 0.5 cm-1.
Fig. 2 FTIR spec ome e MATRIX-MG2
The comp ehensi e so wa e OPUS GA (OPUS
Gas Analysis) au oma ically e alua ed he measu ed
spec a in eal- ime in o de o iden i y and quan i y
he gas compounds. The me hodology de eloped o
he measu emen o ozone concen a ion a oom
empe a u e includes o he gasses wi h ega d o
possible occu ence in an a mosphe e o in e e ence
in he quan i ied a ea. Following componen s we e
moni o ed du ing he measu emen s: O3, CO2,
H2O, NO and NO2. The cu en concen a ion
o he measu ed gasses was possible o moni o
du ing he con inuous measu emen . The esul
o he measu emen was he dependence o
he moni o ed componen concen a ion on ime
was. Concen a ion is gi en in uni s o ppm.
A spec um measu ed a a gi en ime can be assigned
o each measu emen poin o concen a ion.
De ec o calib a ion
In o de o calib a e he designed po able
de ec o , i was i s necessa y o e ec i ely p oduce
and measu e he equi ed ozone concen a ion.
We used PROFIZON-X 7G ozone gene a o wi h
a maximum ou pu o 7 g O3 pe hou wi h a gas
low a e o 6 l.min-1 and he possibili y o supply
ai om an in e nal comp esso o oxygen om an
ex e nal inpu . This de ice can wo k con inuously
and can be used o he disin ec ion o la ge spaces,
pp. 14-25, DOI: 10.35182/ ses-2022-0005
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XVII, No. 2, 2022
17
o high concen a ions. These ma e ials, om
which he measu ing ci cui is assembled, ha e high
conduc i i y in clean ai , bu in he p esence o gas
(ozone) he conduc i i y o he senso dec eases wi h
inc easing gas concen a ion. By simply con e ing
he conduc i i y measu emen o he ci cui ,
he co esponding ou pu concen a ion o he gas
(ozone) can be ob ained. The MQ-131 ozone senso
has such a high sensi i i y o ozone, bu i is also
pa ially sensi i e o s ong oxidan s such as Cl2,
NO2, e c. Howe e , i eac s o o ganic in e e ing
gasses in he opposi e way, by sligh ly inc easing
he conduc i i y o he ci cui .
The p oposed po able de ec o was cons uc ed
using wo MQ-131 ozone sensi i e gas senso s,
a 128x64 pixel 1.8" LCD g aphic display,
a DHT22 empe a u e and humidi y senso , 2x 18650
3.7 V 3500 mAh Li-Ion ba e y, a Li-Ion ba e y
cha ging con ol ci cui , a Li-Ion ba e y s a us
indica o and an A duino Nano R3 mic ocon olle
wi h ATmega328P chip. A con ol p og am
in C++ p og amming language was de eloped o
he con ol uni . Fo he men ioned componen s,
a package made o colo ed PETG ma e ial was
designed in Au odesk Au oCAD and p in ed using
a P usa i3 MK2S MMU1 3D p in e (see Fig. 5).
Fig. 5 Designed and cons uc ed po able ozone
de ec o
GC-MS
The e ec o ozone on he su ace o a ious
ma e ials has been p e iously in es iga ed. As can
be seen om he li e a u e e iew, ozone in luences
he ma e ials ha a e exposed o i . These ma e ials
hen exhibi a change in he chemical s uc u e o
he subs ances ha make up he su ace laye s o
hese ma e ials. Mos o en, ozone causes oxida ion
o he subs ances con ained in he ma e ials, esul ing
in he o ma ion o a ious oxides o pe oxides
(Des ailla s e al., 2006; Shu e al., 2011; Rim e al.,
2016; K uza e al., 2017; Louis, 1967). The mos
common me hods chosen o he analysis o samples
o ma e ials exposed o ozone we e HPLC-MS o
essel was included in he measu ing se (see Fig. 4
- 5). A po able de ec o was placed in his essel.
Di e en ou pu o he ozone gene a o was se o
p oduce di e en concen a ion o ozone sui able
o po able de ec o calib a ion. The p oduced
ozone lowed in o he gas cell o he MATRIX MG2
FTIR spec ome e using a gas pump connec ed
downs eam o he spec ome e .
1 - labo a o y ume hood; 2 - inpu gas o ozona ion
(Q1 = 6 l.min-1); 3 - ozone gene a o wi h adjus able
ou pu ; 4 - conduc ing o excess O3 egula ed by a needle
al e; 5 - glass langed essel wi h a po able de ec o ; 6 -
FTIR gas cell; 7 - ou le om he gas cell (Q3 = 2 l.min-1);
8 - needle al e; 9 - gas pump
Fig. 4 The measu ing se o calib a ion o
a po able de ec o
De ec o s
As an addi ional me hod o eal- ime ozone
concen a ion measu emen s we designed and
cons uc ed a po able handheld ozone de ec o
ha ope a es in wo concen a ion anges o
low concen a ions o 10-1000 ppb and high
concen a ions o 10-1000 ppm. Two MQ-131
semiconduc o s we e used o ozone de ec ion.
These de ec o s ope a e on he p inciple o changing
he he mal conduc i i y o he measu ing ci cui
wi h espec o he e e ence ci cui . The senso
is hea ed o a high empe a u e (150-450 °C)
a which oxygen molecules a e abso bed on o
he su ace due o ee elec ons which changes
he esis ance o he semiconduc o . When an
ozone molecule app oaches he abso bed oxygen o
he sensing oxide laye , a mu ual eac ion occu s and
he esis ance o he semiconduc o changes, which
is di ec ly p opo ional o he ozone concen a ion
(S a ke e al., 2002).
The sensing ma e ial o he MQ-131 gas
senso is a semiconduc o doped wi h a ious
me al oxides. WO3 is he sensi i e ma e ial o
he de ec ion o low ozone concen a ions and SnO2
pp. 14-25, DOI: 10.35182/ ses-2022-0005
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XVII, No. 2, 2022
18
Scanning elec on mic oscopy
The analysis o sample mo phology wi h and
wi hou ozoni ica ion was in es iga ed using
scanning elec on mic oscopy (SEM) wi h a FEG
elec on gun (FIB-SEM TESCAN LYRA3GMU,
Czech Republic) a he accele a ion ol age o
5 kV. P io o he SEM measu emen , he sample
was placed on a ca bon conduc i e ape and coa ed
by 10 nm hin gold laye in a spu e coa e (Quo um
Q150R S, Uni ed Kingdom). Each sample was
analyzed a 6 di e en magni ica ions.
Resul s and discussion
Calib a ion o de ec o s
The assembled de ec o was calib a ed using an
FTIR spec ome e . The ins umen was placed in
a glass con aine and exposed o a ious
concen a ions o ozone which we e simul aneously
measu ed using he FTIR spec ome e .
The measu emen s show ha he esponse o
he MQ-131 senso s has a powe -law dependence
on he de ec o esponse. Fo calib a ion pu poses,
he de ec o esponse was calcula ed as he a io
o he esis ance o he measu ing ci cui in clean
ai R0 o he esis ance o he measu ing ci cui in
he p esence o ozone o a gi en concen a ion Rs
as shown in Fig. 6.
Calib a ion o he senso o ppm concen a ions
is shown in Fig. 7.
GC-MS o his eason GC-MS analysis was chosen
o he pu pose o ou expe imen s.
To de e mine he e ec o exposu e o he selec ed
ma e ials o he di e en ozone concen a ions
he samples we e exposed o 1400 ppm and
3000 ppm o ozone o 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 24 hou s.
These samples we e subjec ed o GC-MS analyses
o de e mine he chemical composi ion. Samples o
GC-MS analyses we e ea ed p io o ac ual analysis
acco ding o US EPA Me hod SW-846 Tes Me hod
3550C: Ul asonic Ex ac ion o he ex ac ion o
non- ola ile and semi- ola ile compounds om
solid ma e ials (U.S. EPA, 2007). The weighed
samples we e ex ac ed wi h hexane, me hanol
and dichlo ome hane in an ul asonic ba h o
30 minu es o swabbed om he sample su aces and
hen ex ac ed in he ul asonic ba h. The samples
we e hen il e ed h ough a 0.45 µm PTFE il e and
concen a ed using a Kude na-Danish appa a us.
The concen a ed 1 ml samples we e quan i a i ely
ans e ed in o 2 ml ials o he GC-MS analysis.
All samples we e analyzed on a The mo Finnigan
T ace GC-MS wi h an AS2000 au osample and
a The mo DSQ II mass de ec o wi h single
quad upole. The GC-MS analysis condi ions
o he ex ac s in me hanol/hexane/dichlo ome hane
we e as ollows: capilla y column DB-5ms UI,
60 m x 0.32 mm x 0.25 um, empe a u e p og am
50 °C (3 min), 15 °C.min-1, 300 °C (5 min), ca ie
gas low a e 0.7 ml.min-1 (helium), spli less, injec o
empe a u e 250 °C, ion sou ce empe a u e 250 °C,
ans e line empe a u e 250 °C. Used chemicals:
Me hanol UHPLC, sui able o mass spec ome y
(MS), CAS: 110-54-3, Me ck; n-Hexane o gas
ch oma og aphy ECD and FID, CAS 110-54-3,
Me ck; Dichlo ome hane p.a., CAS: 75-09-2, Me ck.
Fig. 6 The e ec o ozone concen a ion on he change in senso esis ance a io Rs/R0 o ozone concen a ions
in he ange o 10-1000 ppb a 25 °C and 0 % humidi y
pp. 14-25, DOI: 10.35182/ ses-2022-0005

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Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XVII, No. 2, 2022
19
condi ions, especially empe a u e and humidi y.
Fo his eason, he esponse o he senso was ound
o be wi hin he empe a u e ange o -10 o 50 °C
and humidi y ange o 30 % o 85 %.
The nex de ec o es ed was he comme cially
a ailable GasAle Mic o5 de ec o wi h he Cl2
senso . The Cl2 senso used in his de ec o esponds
o ozone in addi ion o chlo ine, bu wi h lowe
sensi i i y. The de ec ion ange o his senso is only
0-50 ppm o Cl2 and in he case o ozone i esponds
o concen a ions o 0-93 ppm O3 bu wi h lowe
sensi i i y han ou handheld de ec o , see Fig. 9.
In addi ion o he possibili y o using
he calcula ion o he de ec o esponse depending
on he a io o esis ances, he ac ual senso
ol age measu ed by he mic ocon olle can be
used o calib a ion. The de ec o esponse abo e
he manu ac u e 's maximum concen a ion o
1000 ppm was also es ed and he de ec o esponse
could be obse ed o concen a ions up o
1400 ppm bu wi h lowe de ec o sensi i i y as
a la ge inc ease in concen a ion caused a small
change in de ec o ol age, see Fig. 8.
The p inciple o ope a ion o he MQ-131 senso
shows ha he esponse o his semiconduc o
de ec o will depend on he ambien a mosphe ic
Fig. 7 E ec o ozone concen a ion on he change in senso esis ance a io Rs/R0 o concen a ions
in he ange o 10-1000 ppm a 25 °C and 0 % humidi y
Fig. 8 The e ec o ozone concen a ion on he change in senso ol age in he ange o 0-1400 ppm a 25 °C
and 0 % humidi y
pp. 14-25, DOI: 10.35182/ ses-2022-0005
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XVII, No. 2, 2022
20
Fig. 10 Measu ed esponse o chlo ine senso 0-50 ppm Cl2 in GasAle Mic o5 o ozone concen a ion 0-93 ppm
a 25 °C and 0 % humidi y
Fig. 9 In luence o empe a u es om -10 °C o 50 °C and 30 %, 60 % and 85 % humidi y on he senso
esis ance a io Rs/R0
pp. 14-25, DOI: 10.35182/ ses-2022-0005
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XVII, No. 2, 2022
21
a e a he una ec ed by 3000 ppm ozone, plas ic
samples unde go deg ada ion.
The sho es ime (1 h) o exposu e o ozone
needed o any changes o he su ace mo phology
was measu ed by he linoleum samples ( ig. 13 B).
Al eady a e 5 h o ozoniza ion appea ed iny c acks
in he su ace o he linoleum. Wi h p olonging
ime, he damage o he su ace deepened. Plexiglas
( ig. 12 A) was damaged by ozone a 3000 ppm
concen a ion i s a e 7 h, when mic oscopic
c acks appea ed in he sample, which we e isible
a he highes magni ica ion used ( ig. 12 A, sample
a ea 10 µm2). The mos d ama ic mo phological
changes o he plexiglas su ace we e obse ed
a e 24 h exposu e o ozone. A his condi ion,
he su ace o he sample was co e ed wi h
mic oscopic ape u es. Simila e ec was obse ed
on he sample o syn he ic ibe ( ig. 12 B), which
los i s smoo h cha ac e a e 7 h o exposu e o
ozone and was a he ough wi h c acks and holes
on i s su ace. The longe he exposu e, he g ea e
he damage o he ibe was obse ed.
Deg ada ion o ma e ial su ace
1. Scanning elec on mic oscopy
I is well known ha ozone can due o i s
s ong oxida i e p ope ies cause he deg ada ion
o ce ain ma e ials. This e ec is obse ed mainly
a highe concen a ions o ozone o a e longe
o epea ed exposu e o he ma e ial o ozone.
I has been desc ibed ha ozone causes co osion
o me al su aces (Yang e al., 1993), damages
na u al ma e ials and ex ile ibe s (D ahokoupilo á,
2018; Siswan o e al., 2020) o deg ades plas ics
and ubbe s. In his p ojec , he e ec o ozone on
he deg ada ion o 6 di e en ma e ials - plexiglas,
linoleum, nylon ibe (ca pe ), co on ibe (T-shi ),
chipboa d and pine wood - was s udied. These
ma e ials we e exposed o wo concen a ions o
ozone (1400 and 3000 ppm) o a ious imes
(1, 3, 5, 7, 9 a 24 h). The changes o mo phology
we e subsequen ly analyzed by scanning elec on
mic oscope. As i can be seen in he panels o SEM
pic u es, ozone a concen a ion o 1400 ppm does
no cause any damage o he es ed ma e ials (da a
no shown), howe e , when inc eased o 3000 ppm,
ce ain changes in he mo phology o ma e ials
we e obse ed ( ig. 11-13). While na u al ma e ials
Fig. 11 Scanning elec on mic oscopy images o chipboa d (A) and co on ibe (B) samples exposed o ozone
o 0-24 h a concen a ion o 3000 ppm. Di e en magni ica ions a e indica ed as he depic ed a ea o
he sample (5 mm2 o 10 µm2)
pp. 14-25, DOI: 10.35182/ ses-2022-0005
T ansac ions o he VSB - Technical Uni e si y o Os a a
Sa e y Enginee ing Se ies, ISSN 1805-3238
Vol. XVII, No. 2, 2022
22
linoleum and ca pe and pa ly also o Plexiglas and
co on -shi . I is e iden om he da a ha when
ozone is applied o he su ace o hese ma e ials,
he subs ances p esen in he ma e ials a e pa ially
oxidized, esul ing in a g ea e o ma ion o
2. GC-MS
The esul s o he analyses o swabs and ex ac s
o samples no exposed and exposed o ozone
show a signi ican e ec o ozone on he su ace o
he es ed ma e ials, especially o chipboa d, wood,
Fig. 12 Scanning elec on mic oscopy images o plexiglas (A) and syn he ic ibe (B) samples exposed
o ozone o 0-24 h a concen a ion o 3000 ppm. Di e en magni ica ions a e indica ed as he depic ed a ea
o he sample (5 mm2 o 10 µm2)
Fig. 13 Scanning elec on mic oscopy images o pine wood (A) and linoleum (B) samples exposed o ozone
o 0-24 h a concen a ion o 3000 ppm. Di e en magni ica ions a e indica ed as he depic ed a ea
o he sample (5 mm2 o 10 µm2)
pp. 14-25, DOI: 10.35182/ ses-2022-0005