Transnational migration and (in)security: challenges, threats and vulnerabilities of the African immigrants in Portugal

Abstract

This research conducts a sociological study on migration and transnationalism as social phenomena that persist and continue to gain significance in contemporary societies. Industrialised nations with low birth rates depend on migrants to fill gaps in the labour market. At the same time, political and economic instability in the Global South propels mass migration to the more stable and prosperous countries of the Global North. This movement has significant consequences and implications for both the countries of origin and those of destination, contributing to the widening of transnational relations. This study expands migration research beyond the borders of Lusophone African countries, as recent migration trends have seen many non-Lusophone African migrants arrive in Portugal. Our study examines the elements of African migration to Portugal in the 21st century, focusing on contemporary (in)security issues: the challenges, threats, and vulnerabilities faced by African immigrants in Portugal. Various factors, from economic aspirations to socio-political challenges, underscore the complex nature of African migration to Portugal. The study utilised semi-structured interviews with participants aged between 20 and 65 (n = 30) and thematic analysis of the collected data. The results indicated that economic prospects in Portugal were the primary factor attracting most migrants. Besides financial difficulties, deficiencies in the education and health systems, political instability, and substandard public services were also cited as motivations for migration by the African immigrants included in the sample of this study. This thesis contributes significantly to understanding the challenges surrounding migration and integration strategies and knowledge of African migration to Portugal and transnationalism. It offers relevant information for future research and policy interventions and aims to inform and enlighten the academic community, policymakers, and individuals interested in migration studies and policy initiatives.