THE FOUR-MASTED BARQUE PEKING IN VIRTUAL REALITY
AS A NEW FORM OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
T. P. Ke s en1, *, D. T au1, 2, F. Tschi schwi z3
1 Ha enCi y Uni e si y Hambu g, Pho og amme y & Lase Scanning Lab, Übe seeallee 16, D-20457 Hambu g, Ge many
(Thomas.Ke s en, Dominik.T au)@hcu-hambu g.de
2 Agency o Geoin o ma ion and Su eying, Neuen elde S aße 19, D-21109 Hambu g, Ge many Dominik.T au@g .hambu g.de
3 IB&T So wa e GmbH, An'n Slagboom 51, D-22848 No de s ed , Ge many - Felix.T[email p o ec ed]
Commission IV, WG IV/9
KEY WORDS: 3D, Anima ion, Games Engine, In e ac ion, Modelling, Recons uc ion, Visualisa ion
ABSTRACT:
Vi ual Reali y (VR) has es ablished i sel in ecen yea s in he geosciences h ough i s applica ion in he imme si e isualiza ion o
spa ial da a. In pa icula , VR o e s new possibili ies o he use o acqui e knowledge h ough play ul in e ac ion wi hin a i ual
en i onmen . This pape de ails he de elopmen and implemen a ion o a new o m o knowledge ans e , based on in e ac i i y
wi hin a VR sys em. The pa icula use-case discussed is a VR applica ion ocusing on he ou -mas ed ba que Peking. F om 2023 on,
he es o ed ship will o m an impo an exhibi in he u u e Ge man Ha enmuseum in Hambu g. The new VR applica ion o e s use s
he possibili y o en e and explo e a i ual model o he Peking and ind ou mo e in o ma ion a h ee sepa a e poin s o in e ac ion
(3D objec models, sails and ship lags). These in e ac ion poin s p o ide a imely oppo uni y o examine se e al o he heo e ical
aspec s o knowledge ans e h ough in e ac i i y and in eg a e hem in he de elopmen o he VR applica ion. Abo e all, he VR
applica ion should be an impo an pa o he lea ning p ocess o he use . The e emains s ill much po en ial o u he esea ch in o
mo e ad anced app oaches such as suppo o use -inpu ques ions and ailo ed con en .
1. INTRODUCTION
In he ea ly days o VR, he e we e limi ed applica ions ou side
o la ge esea ch labo a o ies and mili a y acili ies (Dö ne
2013). Howe e , hanks o he ad en o low-cos i ual eali y
sys ems in he mid-2010s (Oculus Ri , HTC Vi e) and imp o ed
a ailabili y and licensing possibili ies o game engines, his
echnology is now a ailable o a wide public and is expec ed o
make an impo an con ibu ion o he u u e media landscape.
Mo e and mo e VR expe iences deal wi h a eas o objec s ha
a e no longe in exis ence, such as his o ical ci ies o cul u al si es
(Deggim e al. 2017; Tschi schwi z e al. 2019; Walmsley,
Ke s en 2019). The ull po en ial o hese gene a ed i ual
en i onmen s using speci ic game engines o e s mo e han s a ic
isualisa ion and p esen a ion o cul u al asse s o he use . The
in eg a ion o in e ac i e elemen s can be used o p omo e
educa ion h ough en e ainmen (known commonly by he
po man eau “edu ainmen ”), in pa icula o younge audiences
and use g oups ha a e no so well- e sed in he subjec .
Fu he mo e, he implemen a ion o dynamic elemen s o e s an
enhancemen o he imme si e expe ience o he iewe .
Using he example o he ou -mas ed ba que Peking, a ious
poin s o in e ac ion allowing addi ional in o ma ion o be
con eyed ha e been de eloped and es ed wi hin he i ual
en i onmen . Wha esul s is a new o m o knowledge ans e
ha includes bo h his o ical in o ma ion pe aining o he ship, as
well as in o ma ion abou he de elopmen p ocess o he VR
applica ion. This la e subjec is impo an o p esen as he VR
expe ience is a ge ed a he gene al public and no only a
selec ed expe s.
* Co esponding au ho
The goal o his p ojec was o i ually e-cons uc a his o ical
ship in de ail in 3D in o de o de elop a VR applica ion including
in e ac ions o demons a e he po en ial o i ual eali y o
knowledge ans e in museums.
2. METHODS
Fo he de elopmen o he in e ac i e VR applica ion and
isualiza ion o he ou -mas ed ba que Peking, he game engine
Un eal Engine 4.22.3 om he so wa e company Epic Games
Inc. was used. Fo he ha dwa e, he Vi e P o head-moun ed
display om HTC and Val e Co po a ion was chosen.
Fo he upcoming pe manen exhibi ion in he u u e Ge man
Ha enmuseum, he ou -mas ed ba que Peking (Figu e 1 le ) was
i ually es o ed o i s 1927/1928 s a e. To c ea e he i ual ship
Peking (Figu e 1 igh ), 3D models and plans we e acqui ed om
sou ces in he shipping indus y, and in o ma ion on he ship and
he ship's in en o y eco ded by geode ic me hods
(pho og amme y and e es ial lase scanning (TLS)).
The Peking is a ou -mas ed s eel ba que, commissioned by he
F. Laeisz shipping company and buil om 1910 o 1911 by he
Blohm + Voss shipya d in Hambu g. The ship is o e 115 m long
and has ou mas s o up o 50 m in heigh . I s long and a ied
his o y has been desc ibed in de ail by he associa ion "F eunde
de Vie mas ba k PEKING e.V." (2020) ("F iends o he ou -
mas ed Ba que Peking"). Un il sho ly a e he yea s 1927/1928,
he ship was used o anspo sal pe e om Chile o Eu ope and
hen, a e some con e sions, se ed as a aining ship o na al
o ice candida es. In 2017 he Peking e u ned om New Yo k
o Ge many a e se e al changes o owne ship. The his o ic ship
is cu en ly unde going es o a ion a he Pe e s shipya d in he
ISPRS Annals o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume V-4-2020, 2020
XXIV ISPRS Cong ess (2020 edi ion)
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155
illage Wewels le h (60 km no hwes o Hambu g nea
Glücks ad ), and will likely be one o he lagships o he u u e
Ge man Ha enmuseum in Hambu g om 2023.
In he ollowing, special emphasis is gi en o hose pa s o he
isualisa ion p ocess ha di e signi ican ly om p e ious
app oaches in VR isualiza ion. Fi s , he en i e wo k low is
p esen ed, wi h special a en ion gi en o he da a o ma s used,
be o e he implemen a ion o dynamic and in e ac i e elemen s
is desc ibed in mo e de ail.
2.1 De elopmen o he VR applica ion
The Hansa Ha bou in Hambu g's Kleine G asb ook qua e was
chosen as he " i ual be h" o he Peking, as i o e s a isually
closed-o a ea and was indeed he ship’s his o ical ancho age
du ing i s ac i e pe iod. Su ounding en i onmen al objec s such
as buildings, quay walls and ege a ion we e only udimen a ily
gene a ed so as no o educe dis ac ion om he main objec o
in es iga ion, he ship i sel . An o e ly de ailed design isks
ocusing he iewe 's a en ion on hese en i onmen al elemen s
a he expense o he ship. The LoD2 (Le el o De ail) models
om he Hambu g 3D ci y da ase we e used o he placemen
o building meshes lining he ha bou , limi ing he use ’s iew
om he ship deck and con ibu ing o he o e all imme si e
e ec o he en i onmen . These da a as well as he digi al e ain
model (g id wid h = 1 me e ) used o he landscape opog aphy
a e eely a ailable om he Agency o Geoin o ma ion and
Su eying Hambu g.
Figu e 2 illus a es he a ea o he Hansa Po , which was
econs uc ed as an en i onmen al backd op o he expe ience
and which is di ided in h ee hema ic hemes. I is explici ly no
he aim o his econs uc ion o depic he eal en i onmen , bu
a he o gi e an imp ession o he ypical po cha ac e is ics ha
exis in his a ea.
In he no he n a ea, con aine s, loading c anes and walls we e
added o he scene in addi ion o he exis ing logis ics complexes.
The second hema ic a ea in he sou h encloses he headqua e
buildings o he Hambu g Po Au ho i y (HPA) and is, in i s
cu en s a e, mainly hidden behind ees and bushes. Meanwhile,
Figu e 1. The Peking in he yea 2017 a e i s ans e om New Yo k o he Pe e s shipya d in Wewels le h a he en ance o
he i e S ö (le , pho o: S i ung Hambu g Ma i im) and he i ual econs uc ion o he ship ( igh )
Figu e 2. The i ual be h o he Peking in he VR applica ion: Hambu g's Hansa ha bou wi h su ounding buildings ac ing as
isual ba ie s
ISPRS Annals o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume V-4-2020, 2020
XXIV ISPRS Cong ess (2020 edi ion)
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156
he hi d hema ic a ea is loca ed a he wes e n end o he po
basin and encloses he his o ic sheds no. 50 and 51, which se ed
as a ca go handling a ea a he beginning o he 20 h cen u y.
Today he e a e s ill many c anes and wagons p esen , which
we e in eg a ed in o he VR applica ion as scene y p ops.
One o he cen al objec i es o he p ojec was o c ea e a
de ailed 3D model o he Peking o be isi ed and expe ienced
i ually om a Fi s Pe son View (FPV). To his end, digi al 3D
models om companies in ol ed in he es o a ion o he ship
we e used o he c ea ion o he hull. To o e come he di e ing
s a es o de elopmen and complexi y o hese 3D models, o he
sou ces such as a dense poin cloud o he hull om e es ial
lase scanning, as well as he o iginal cons uc ion plan om
1910, we e also exploi ed. F om all hese da a sou ces, he mos
ex ensi e and de ailed a eas we e selec ed and he ship i ually
cons uc ed o e se e al de elopmen s ages.
Fo he modelling o he deck supe s uc u e (e.g. Figu e 3
bo om), de ails we e ca ied o e om he Peking’s iden ical
sis e ship, he Passa (Figu e 3 op), ancho ed in T a emünde
( he po o he Hansea ic ci y o Lübeck) as a museum ship. In
addi ion, he o iginal ship cons uc ion egula ions o he Peking
p o ided impo an in o ma ion. The gene al p ocess o CAD
modelling on he basis o a ious da a has al eady been deal wi h
in de ail in he li e a u e and in o he p ojec s. Two examples o
a de ailed 3D modelling wo k low can be ound in Ke s en,
Linds aed (2012a) o Ke s en e al (2014).
Figu e 3: View o e he main deck o he sis e ship Passa ( op)
and o e he i ual main deck o he Peking (bo om)
The Peking was no accessible o his p ojec ’s du a ion as i is
in he shipya d o es o a ion (see Ul ich 2020a). The only wo
elemen s o he ship a ailable in Hambu g ( he auxilia y s ee ing
wheel in he Museum o Hambu g His o y and he igu ehead in
he In e na ional Ma i ime Museum Hambu g) we e eco ded
using pho og amme y and in eg a ed wi hin he i ual ship as
in e ac ion poin s. A o al o 544 wo king hou s we e spen on
he isualisa ion o he ship and i s su oundings including he
de elopmen o in e ac i e elemen s. A la ge pa o his wo k
(238 hou s) was spen on CAD modelling; a igu e simila o
o he modelling p ojec s (e.g. he "Old-Segebe g Town House"
in Ke s en e al. (2014) and he "Impe ial Ca hed al Königslu e "
in Ke s en, Linds aed (2012b)). The ime spen de eloping he
VR applica ion (222 hou s) is co espondingly ex ensi e, since
indi idual concep s i s had o be de eloped. Fo simila p ojec s
in he u u e he numbe s o hou s necessa y can be assumed o
be lowe due o he expe ience gained on his p ojec .
Mul iple isualisa ion modes a e p esen ed o he iewe by
means o in e ac i e elemen s wi hin he VR applica ion. In his
p ojec wo objec s we e selec ed as examples, which a e
p esen ed as poin cloud, iangula meshing, CAD model and
pho og aphy. Fo his pu pose he o iginal igu ehead and he
auxilia y s ee ing wheel o he Peking we e pho og amme ically
cap u ed wi h a Nikon D800 and p ocessed acco dingly o
gene a e he co esponding da a o ma s. In he cou se o he
pho og amme ic e alua ion an accu acy o 0.2 mm ( igu ehead)
and 1.8 mm (s ee ing wheel) was achie ed o scaling he poin
clouds, hough his high le el o p ecision has no signi ican
in luence on he modelling o he ship.
To imp o e he un- ime e iciency o he VR applica ion, i was
decided no o anima e he sails pe manen ly o simula ing wind
condi ions, bu ins ead s a he expe ience wi h hem u led a
he booms only a use ´s eques . Th ough a simple in e ac ion
wi hin he i ual wo ld (see also chap e 2.3.), a ma inee (Epic
Games 2020), an anima ion sequence, can be igge ed,
ac i a ing he hois ing o selec ed sails. Wi hin i e seconds,
selec ed g oups o sails a e i e a i ely scaled un il he sails a e
ully se , simula ing unin e up ed mo emen (Figu e 4). By
ac i a ing and in e ac i ely hois ing he sails, he use is
encou aged o ge in o ma ion and/o o lea n knowledge abou
he sails independen ly, including hei posi ion and designa ion
(see chap e 2.3.).
2.2 Dynamic componen s o he VR applica ion
I is also possible in VR o simula e na u al mo emen s o objec s
due o en i onmen al s imuli such as o make he scene y appea
mo e ali e. Con en ional applica ions ha ep oduce eali y as a
isualised 3D model may ha e scien i ic accu acy, bu
imme sion o use s is limi ed h ough a lack o o he senso y
s imuli. In his VR expe ience, he wa es and swell o he wa e
in he ha bou is simula ed by applying a p ede e mined anima ed
o se , such ha ce ain poin s on he wa e ’s su ace mo e
e ically in space o e ime. The e ec is heigh ened by he use
o special ligh maps ha p o ide o he game engine in o ma ion
on he no mal di ec ion and specula i y o he wa e ’s su ace,
depending on he angle o iew o he obse e .
Fu he mo e, he e ec o sails lapping in he wind is simula ed
using he Ve le algo i hm (Jakobsen 2001). Fo his pu pose,
planes we e gene a ed and hen subdi ided o p oduce housands
o aces. Each o hese aces was classi ied in o a numbe o
e ex g oups, some o which we e designa ed as s a ic while
o he s as mobile, and hus could de ia e om he assigned
posi ion unde he in luence o ex e nal o ces such as wind and
g a i y. These condi ions we e c ea ed in he game engine, hus
allowing he sails o be a ec ed co espondingly.
ISPRS Annals o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume V-4-2020, 2020
XXIV ISPRS Cong ess (2020 edi ion)
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2.3 Implemen a ion o in e ac i e elemen s
In addi ion o he isualisa ion, in e ac ion poin s we e in eg a ed
o boos he imme si e e ec o he en i onmen . These
in e ac ions, as well as he esul ing p ocesses, ha e been
designed wi h ega ds o di e en o ms o knowledge ans e as
well as o he equi emen s o in e ac i i y in o de o in es iga e
he sui abili y o VR sys ems o his pu pose.
Figu e 5. The in e ac i e menu "Flags o he Peking" ( op) and
a ge ed locomo ion h ough elepo a ion in he VR model
(bo om)
In he ollowing, all h ee in e ac i e menus de eloped o he
applica ion a e desc ibed and explained. Wi hin he VR wo ld,
he use is able o elepo om one loca ion o ano he by means
o a hand con olle (Figu e 5 bo om). Upon en e ing ce ain
ma ked a eas (indica ed by o a ing ques ions ma ks, see Figu e
9 a he a e deck), in e ac i e menus appea allowing iewe s o
access addi ional in o ma ion by selec ing om di e en op ions
and h ough his gain new knowledge abou he ship. The
in e ac ion always esul s in a change in he en i onmen and he
display o addi ional in o ma ion in he o m o images, 3D
models and anima ions. This p ocess ep esen s a conside able
ad an age o e he ga he ing o in o ma ion in eali y, since on a
eal sailing ship such e ec s o anima ions a e no possible a he
push o a bu on.
Figu e 5 ( op) shows he i s in e ac i e menu. Th ough his
in e ac ion, he use can iew each o he lags o he Peking and
ob ain mo e in o ma ion abou each. The s uc u e o he menu is
e y simila o he wo examples ha ollow, minus a sho
in oduc o y ex . By p essing one o he bu ons, he
co esponding lag is hois ed on he lagpole a he s e n o he
ship and an explana o y ex appea s on he igh -hand side o he
in e ace (Figu e 5 op).
Figu e 6. The in e ac i e menu "Flags o he Peking" ( op) and
a ge ed locomo ion h ough elepo a ion in he VR model
(bo om)
Figu e 4. Hois ing o he p e- oyal sail as a ma inee sequence
ISPRS Annals o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume V-4-2020, 2020
XXIV ISPRS Cong ess (2020 edi ion)
This con ibu ion has been pee - e iewed. The double-blind pee - e iew was conduc ed on he basis o he ull pape .
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158
A second in e ac i e menu allows use s o access in o ma ion
abou he sails o he Peking (Figu e 6). Like he o he menus, he
layou is di ided in o h ee sec ions. The sec ion heading is
loca ed a he op o he in e ace. Below his he e is always an
in oduc o y pa ag aph. Mos o he sc een space o he in e ace
is dedica ed o he in e ac i e elemen i sel . Besides being able
o iew a se ies o his o ical images in he bo om le -hand
co ne , he use is able o selec one, se e al o all checkboxes o
he g aphic on he igh -hand side o he in e ace (Figu e 6
bo om). Depending on which checkboxes a e icked, he sails o
he espec i e mas a e hen highligh ed on he diag am, so ha
he name and posi ion o he sails can be lea ned. A he same
ime, he hois ing anima ion plays on he 3D model in he i ual
wo ld, as desc ibed in chap e 2.1 (Figu e 6 op). This p ocess
can also be e e sed by clicking again on he selec ed checkbox.
The hi d menu o e s he possibili y o display objec s o he ship
( igu ehead and auxilia y s ee ing wheel) using di e en
isualisa ion me hods. The in e ac ion is designed in such a way
ha he use can ac i a e di e en op ions when in he immedia e
icini y o he igu ehead a he on o he ship (Figu e 7
bo om) o he auxilia y wheel on he midship deck (Figu e 7
op). The s uc u e o he in e ace is simila o he o he
in e ac i e menus. Wi h he help o se e al checkboxes, he
iewe can selec a p e e ed isualisa ion o m, whe eupon he
objec appea s acco dingly in on o he use . Fo he poin
cloud and meshing o ma , i is also possible o show di e en
le els o de ail. In addi ion, an explana o y panel appea s o he
le o he objec , di ided in o ex ual and isual pa s and
explaining he c ea ion p ocess o he espec i e da a o ma s
o e se e al pages. This p o ides he use wi h explana ions o
how pho og amme y and CAD modelling can be used o
gene a e such i ual objec s.
Figu e 7. In e ac i e menus "Peking wheel" ( op) and "Peking
igu ehead" (bo om)
3. RESULT
Following he de elopmen o he VR applica ion o he Peking,
a di e en ia ed analysis o he esul s ook place. Fo his pu pose
di e en c i e ia ha e been aken in o conside a ion. Quali a i e
ea u es, such as he in e ac i e elemen s, a e examined mo e
closely be o e he equi ed compu ing powe is e lec ed om a
quan i a i e poin o iew.
3.1 In e ac i e knowledge ans e in he case o he Peking
This chap e is di ided in o wo pa s, wi h he ocus on
knowledge ans e . Fi s , some cen al heo ies o knowledge
ans e a e lis ed and examined wi h ega d o he VR applica ion
c ea ed. In he second pa a s epwise scale o in e ac i i y is
in oduced, which is compa ed o he in e ac i e elemen s
implemen ed in his VR expe ience.
In he ollowing, cen al heo ies o knowledge ans e (Benke
2001; Issing, Klisma 2002; Dö ne 2013) a e lis ed oge he wi h
a sho explana ion and a sho conside a ion as o wha ex en
hey could be implemen ed in he VR applica ion:
•Si ua edness and au hen ici y – These ac o s play an
impo an ole in he success o he lea ning p ocess.
Knowledge ans e is acili a ed i , on he one hand, he
lea ning con en is pu in o con ex wi h espec o exis ing
knowledge and, on he o he hand, i lea ning akes place
in a speci ic o au hen ic en i onmen .
- In he VR applica ion, he ou -mas ed ba que o e s an
au hen ic en i onmen and knowledge acquisi ion
akes place using amilia s uc u es. All in e ac ion
menus ha e a consis en scheme (simila keys always
gene a e addi ional in o ma ion and cause a change in
he i ual wo ld), suppo ing he use in lea ning he
p inciple o ac ion.
•Mul iple con ex s – Ano he ac o ha acili a es lea ning
is he occasional change o pe spec i e and a ia ion o
si ua ions and asks.
- Due o he p ope mo ion in he i ual en i onmen ,
he use can a y his pe spec i e a will.
•Social con ex – In addi ion, he ans e o knowledge is
a ou ably in luenced when he e is an exchange wi h o he
people, ega dless o hei expe ise.
- Social in e ac ion wi h o he people is cu en ly only
possible o a limi ed ex en .
•Sel -con ol and coope a ion – Fu he mo e, he lea ne
is mo i a ed o acqui e mo e in o ma ion i he o she has
ee choice o lea ning me hod. Coope a ion wi h
addi ional pe sons also helps o open up new pe spec i es.
- Wi h he de eloped VR applica ion, he iewe is ee
o choose hei own lea ning s a egy.
Ano he issue is in e ac i i y, o which he e is no uni o m
classi ica ion due o he many disciplines in ol ed. Issing and
Klisma (2002) es ablish he ollowing scale, which ep esen s he
g adual inc ease o in e ac i i y and is compa ed sec ion by
sec ion wi h he VR applica ion desc ibed abo e.
•Access o speci ic in o ma ion
- In he VR applica ion se e al in e ac ion possibili ies
a e implemen ed allowing u he in o ma ion o be
displayed.
•Yes/no and mul iple choice answe op ions
- All in e ac i e menus allow he selec ion o indi idual
op ions, as well as allowing o he combined selec ion
o se e al checkboxes.
•Ac i a ion o ce ain addi ional in o ma ion
- The in e ac i e componen s a e designed o p o ide
addi ional explana ions and in o ma ion.
•Complex ques ions wi h in elligen eedback
- The use in his VR applica ion can only choose
be ween ce ain answe op ions and canno de ine
independen ques ions.
• F ee unbounded dialogue wi h he sys em
- This unc ion has no been implemen ed.
ISPRS Annals o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume V-4-2020, 2020
XXIV ISPRS Cong ess (2020 edi ion)
This con ibu ion has been pee - e iewed. The double-blind pee - e iew was conduc ed on he basis o he ull pape .
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159

3.2 Technical equi emen s
The p esen a ion o digi al elemen s in i ual eali y sys ems
equi es e y low la encies o gene a e a smoo h VR expe ience
ee om mo ion sickness and nausea. In o de o c ea e he ideal
condi ions o VR, a "mo ion- o-pho on ime" ( ime be ween
senso de ec ion o he mo emen and he eac ion on he sc een)
o less han 20 milliseconds (ms), co esponding o 50 FPS
( ames pe second), is aimed o (McCa ey 2017). To
in es iga e he pe o mance o he compu e o he VR
applica ion, h ee scenes we e selec ed as examples based on he
di e en complexi y o he scenes (Figu e 8). A compu e loca ed
in he Pho og amme y & Lase Scanning Lab o Ha enCi y
Uni e si y Hambu g was used o he subsequen in es iga ion.
As summa ised in Tab. 1, he compu e equipmen used exceeds
he ecommended sys em equi emen s, which is a good
quali ica ion o op imal VR isualisa ion.
Figu e 8. Pe o mance o di e en scena ios: View o e he
ha bou scene ( op), iew o he whole ship (cen e) and physics
simula ion o a sail (bo om)
Rende ing a iew o he ha bou wi h only a ew en i onmen al
p ops and a low le el o de ail, peak alues o up o 54 FPS/19
ms (Figu e 8 op) a e achie ed. As he numbe o models and
ex u es inc eases, he pe o mance co espondingly dec eases,
as is he case when he en i e ship is in iew (∅: 21 FPS/48 ms -
Figu e 8 cen e). Due o he simula ion o physics p ocesses (such
as he wind in he sails), he equi ed compu ing powe inc eases
g ea ly and hus he isualisa ion is delayed, o he poin ha
when looking a he sails (∅: 15 FPS/67 ms - Figu e 8 bo om)
he use can clea ly pe cei e he la encies a close ange due o
he dynamic p ocess in he scene y.
4. CONCLUSION & OUTLOOK
The objec i e o his p ojec was o isualise he ou -mas ed
ba que Peking in i s s a e a ound he yea s 1927/1928 wi hin a
i ual eali y applica ion. A his poin in ime, he ship was s ill
sailing on he Hambu g-Chile ou e as a sailing ca go ship. As an
impo an pa o Hambu g's his o y, his ship ep esen s a unique
subjec o an imme si e i ual expe ience (Figu e 9 and Figu e
10). In he cou se o his p ojec , he o mula ed heo e ical
equi emen s o knowledge ans e h ough in e ac i i y we e
examined and o he mos pa success ully implemen ed. I
could hus be shown ha Vi ual Reali y is capable o enabling a
new o m o knowledge ans e . The e is po en ial o u he
op imiza ion o his applica ion wi h ega ds o allowing
in e ac ions wi h o he people, a ea u e ha was no
implemen ed in his i s e sion o he VR applica ion. Howe e ,
echnologies do exis ha allow coope a ion and communica ion
be ween se e al use s a di e en loca ions in VR and ha e
al eady been success ully es ed in o he p ojec s a Ha enCi y
Uni e si y Hambu g (Ke s en e al. 2018; Tschi schwi z e al.
2019). Rega ding in e ac i i y, i can be concluded ha VR
sys ems a e only in e ac i e o a ce ain deg ee and, impo an ly,
ha he handling o independen ly- o mula ed ques ions canno
ye be implemen ed comp ehensi ely. The VR applica ion and
he in e ac i e elemen s o knowledge ans e we e es ed by
di e en use s who a e amilia wi h he ship. The eedback o
hese use s was e y posi i e bu no documen ed by a
ques ionnai e. Howe e , a Hambu g jou nalis om he daily
newspape Hambu ge Abendbla desc ibes he i ual isi o
he Peking as a e y ealis ic expe ience wi h op ions o b oaden
one's knowledge ho izon (Ul ich 2020b).
The pe o mance o he VR sys em is s ongly dependen on he
numbe o implemen ed elemen s, in e ac ions and dynamic
componen s. Maximum ame a es o 60 FPS a e achie ed,
while in some sequences only an a e age o 15 ames pe second
is displayed. In pa icula , poin cloud isualisa ions and he
physics simula ions o he ship’s sails equi e la ge amoun s o
compu ing powe . Howe e , pe o mance op imiza ion was no a
p ima y goal in his p ojec .
Ha dwa e Minimal sys em equi e-
men s
Recommended sys em
equi emen s
Used sys em equi e-
men s
P ocesso In el
®
Co e™ i5-4590
3.3 GHz (3.7 GHz)
In el
®
Co e™ i5-4590
3.3 GHz (3.7 GHz)
In el
®
Co e™ i7-6700K
4.0 GHz (4.2 GHz)
G aphic ca d NVIDIA GeFo ce™
GTX 970
NVIDIA GeFo ce™
GTX 1070
NVIDIA GeFo ce™
GTX 1080
Memo y 4 GB 4 GB 16 GB
Ope a ing sys-
em
Windows 7 SP1,
Windows 8.1, Windows 10 Windows 10 Windows 10
Tab. 1: Minimum, ecommended and used sys em equi emen s o he HTV Vi e P o used (HTC Co po a ion 2020)
ISPRS Annals o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume V-4-2020, 2020
XXIV ISPRS Cong ess (2020 edi ion)
This con ibu ion has been pee - e iewed. The double-blind pee - e iew was conduc ed on he basis o he ull pape .
h ps://doi.o g/10.5194/isp s-annals-V-4-2020-155-2020 | © Au ho s 2020. CC BY 4.0 License.
160
Fu he mo e, he e a e nume ous oppo uni ies o de eloping
he p ojec u he , such as in e ac ions, mul iple use s, se ious
games, and s o y- elling. Ano he op ion would be o allow o
he isualisa ion o be iewed in a mobile-based AR applica ion.
In his a ian , a p o agonis in VR would con ol he ac ion while
onlooke s would be able simul aneously o iew he scene y
hough would no be able o in e ene (e.g. acco ding o G oo e
Jones 2017). In summa y, he VR applica ion desc ibed he e is
an example o how i ual eali y can be used as a new means o
knowledge ans e , using in e ac i i y oge he wi h anima ion
o enhance and acili a e he lea ning expe ience. I he e o e has
an inc easingly impo an ole o play in he u u e o educa ional
media.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The au ho s would like o hank U sula Richenbe ge , di ec o o
he Ha enmuseum, o he gene al suppo o he p ojec . We
acknowledge he in o ma ion, echnical d awings and 3D CAD
model o he Peking which was p o ided by Helmu Radebold
(TECHNOLOG se ices GmbH, Hambu g), he 3D model o he
ou -mas ed ba que which was made a ailable by La s
Spiecke mann (De le Löll Ingenieu bü o GmbH, Peenemünde,
Ge many), he e es ial lase scanning da a o he Peking which
was deli e ed by he enginee ing o ice O e a h & Sand
Ve messungsbü o, Rendsbu g, and o he assis ance du ing he
pho og amme ic da a acquisi ion o he auxilia y s ee ing wheel
by D . Ral Wiechmann, Museum o Hambu g His o y.
Figu e 9. O e iew o he deck o he ou -mas ed ba que Peking in he VR applica ion
Fi
g
u e 10. The Pekin
g
isualized in he VR a
pp
lica ion wi h sails se
ISPRS Annals o he Pho og amme y, Remo e Sensing and Spa ial In o ma ion Sciences, Volume V-4-2020, 2020
XXIV ISPRS Cong ess (2020 edi ion)
This con ibu ion has been pee - e iewed. The double-blind pee - e iew was conduc ed on he basis o he ull pape .
h ps://doi.o g/10.5194/isp s-annals-V-4-2020-155-2020 | © Au ho s 2020. CC BY 4.0 License.
161
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