O iginal a icle
Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om
a Colombian public uni e si y
Ma ía de los Ángeles Rod íguez-Gázquez1
Sa a Chapa o-He nandez2
José Ra ael González-López3
1 RN, Ph.D. P o esso , Uni e sidad de An ioquia. UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. email: [email p o ec ed]
2 Unde g adua e s uden . Uni e sidad de An ioquia. UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. email: [email p o ec ed]
3 RN, Ph.D. P o esso , Uni e sidad de Se illa, Spain. email: [email p o ec ed]
A icle linked o esea ch: Es ilos de ida saludables en es udian es de en e me ía de la Uni e sidad de An ioquia y de la Uni e sidad de
Se illa (España).
Sub en ions: Facul ad de En e me ía de la Uni e sidad de An ioquia (Colombia) y Facul ad de En e me ía, Fisio e apia y Podología de la
Uni e sidad de Se illa (España).
Con lic s o in e es : none.
Recei ed on: Oc obe 1, 2015.
App o ed on: Decembe 4, 2015.
How o ci e his a icle: Rod íguez-Gázquez MA, Chapa o-He nández S, González-López JR. Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian
public uni e si y. In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1): 94-103.
DOI: 10.17533/udea.iee. 34n1a11
Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a
colombian public uni e si y
Objec i e. To assess he li es yles o nu sing s uden s
om a Colombian public uni e si y. Me hods. A c oss-
sec ional s udy was conduc ed in 2014. 380 s uden s
answe ed by sel - epo ing he adap ed e sion
in Spanish o FANTASTIC Li es yles Assessmen
Ques ionnai e o Wilson and Ciliska. Resul s. Li es yles
we e poo in 9.2%, ai in 31.3%, good in 53.7%, and
excellen in only 5.8% o he pa icipan s. S a is ically-
signi ican di e ences o he o al mean sco e we e
no ound when compa ing wi h gende , age g oup,
and cou se yea , bu we e de ec ed in wo domains
by gende : a) physical ac i i y (highe sco e in men)
and b) ciga e e smoking (highe sco e in women).
Conclusion. An impo an p opo ion o ou nu sing
s uden s has inadequa e li es yles, which means
de e ed isks o he de elopmen o ch onic diseases.
Uni e si ies should p omo e he aining o he u u e
p o essionals in nu sing wi h knowledge and skills
aimed a heal hy li es yles.
Key wo ds: c oss-sec ional s udies; li e s yle;
ques ionnai es; s uden s, nu sing.
Es ilos de ida de es udian es de
En e me ía de una uni e sidad pública
colombiana
Obje i o. E alua los es ilos de ida de los es udian es
de En e me ía de una uni e sidad pública colombiana.
Mé odos. Se ealizó un es udio desc ip i o de ipo
as e sal en 2014. 380 alumnos po au o epo e
con es a on el FANTASTIC Li es yle Assessmen
Ques ionnai e, e sión adap ada al español.
Resul ados. La pun uación de los es ilos de ida
ue bajo en el 9.2%; en el 31.3%, egula ; en el
53.7%, bueno y solo en el 5.8%, an ás ico. No se
de ec a on di e encias es adís icamen e signi ica i as
del p omedio de la pun uación o al cuando se
compa ó con sexo, g upo e a io y año de cu so, pe o
en sí en dos dominios del cues iona io: ac i idad ísica
(pun uación mayo en homb es que muje es) y b)
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In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1)
Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y
11
consumo de abaco (p omedio de pun uación mayo
muje es que en homb es). Conclusión. Una p opo ción
impo an e de alumnos de En e me ía de la uni e sidad
pública es udiada iene inadecuados es ilos de ida,
lo que signi ica iesgos aplazados pa a el desa ollo
de en e medades c ónicas. Las uni e sidades ienen
el debe de p omo e en los u u os en e me os los
conocimien os y des ezas o ien ados a es ilos de ida
saludables.
Palab as cla e: es udios ans e sales; es ilo de ida;
cues iona ios; es udian es de en e me ía.
Es ilos de ida de es udan es de
En e magem de uma uni e sidade
pública colombiana
Obje i o. A alia os es ilos de ida dos es udan es de
En e magem de uma uni e sidade pública colombiana.
Mé odos. Se ealizou um es udo de co e ans e sal
em 2014. 380 alunos po au o - epo e esponde am o
FANTASTIC Li es yle Assessmen Ques ionnai e, e são
adap ada ao espanhol. Resul ados. A pon uação dos
es ilos de ida oi baixo em 9.2%, em 31.3% oi egula ,
em 53.7% oi bom e só em 5.8% oi an ás ico. Não se
de ec a am di e encias es a is icamen e signi ica i as
da média da pon uação o al quando se compa ou com
sexo, aixa e á ia e ano de cu so, mas em si em dois
domínios do ques ioná io: a i idade ísica (pon uação
maio em homens de que mulhe es) e b) consumo de
abaco (médio de pon uação maio mulhe es de que
em homens). Conclusão. Uma p opo ção impo an e
de alunos de En e magem da uni e sidade pública
es udada em inadequados es ilos de ida, o que
signi ica iscos adiados pa a o desen ol imen o de
doenças c ónicas.
Pala as cha e: es udos ans e sais; es ilo de ida;
ques ioná ios; es udan es de en e magem.
In oduc ion
Acco ding o da a om he Wo ld Heal h
O ganiza ion1 non- ansmissible ch onic diseases
a e he main cause o mo ali y and p ema u e
disabili y h oughou he wo ld, and he s udy o
heal hy li es yles is gaining special impo ance.
Li es yle ac o s including alues o belie s a e
in luenced by he local cul u e2 and o Pende e
al.3 hese a e in luenced by indi idual and collec i e
cons uc ions o heal h and disease, and a e ca ied
ou h ough he indi idual’s mo i a ion o p o ec ing
o imp o ing hei own heal h and a oiding disease.
Al hough o p o ide ca e one mus ca e o
onesel , esea ch shows ha he li es yles in
nu sing s uden s a e inadequa e,4,5 which means
ha ing de e ed isks o he de elopmen o
ch onic diseases. Agg a a ing his si ua ion, i
has also been epo ed ha du ing he cou se o
he Nu sing deg ee some unheal hy li es yles in
s uden s no only wo sen, bu may also s a .6
This jus i ies ha du ing he yea s o uni e si y
aining hei li es yles be assessed o design
in e en ions aimed a imp o ing he heal h
conduc s o he u u e p o essionals, who should
se e as examples in he p omo ion o heal hy
li es yles o he popula ion.7 The aim o his s udy
was o assess he li es yles o nu sing s uden s
om a Colombian public uni e si y by using he
FANTASTIC ins umen by Wilson and Ciliska.8
Me hods
A c oss-sec ional s udy was conduc ed including
nu sing s uden s in 2014 in he Uni e si y in
An ioquia, loca ed in Medellín (Colombia, Sou h
Ame ica). S uden s olun a ily accep ed o
pa icipa e in he esea ch h ough an in o med
signed consen . No sample was calcula ed,
gi en ha he whole popula ion was s udied.
Resea che s used he class assignmen ime
o he da a collec ion. A e explaining he
objec i es, me hodology, and esul s expec ed
in he in es iga ion, he s uden s we e in i ed o
pa icipa e olun a ily in he s udy, and hose who
p o ided hei consen illed ou he FANTASTIC
ques ionnai e h ough sel - epo .
To ob ain in o ma ion, a o m was used which
included sociodemog aphic da a (cou se yea , age,
96 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1)
Ma ía de los Ángeles Rod íguez-Gázquez • Sa a Chapa o-He nandez •José Ra ael González-López
gende , and ma i al s a us) and ques ions om he
FANTASTIC Li es yle Assessmen Ques ionnai e.8
The Spanish e sion o his ins umen used was
he adap ed in Chile o you h popula ion9 and
which p o ides in o ma ion on he indi idual’s
beha io wi hin he las 30 days. The o igin o he
wo d “FANTASTIC” (FANTASTICO in Spanish), is
he ac onym o he names o he 10 dimensions
in which 30 i ems a e dis ibu ed: F=Family and
iends (2 i ems); A=Ac i i y and Associa i i y
(3 i ems); N=Nu i ion (3 i ems); T=Tobacco
(2 i ems); A=Alcohol and o he subs ances (6
i ems); S=Sleep and s ess (3 i ems); T=Type
o pe sonali y (3 i ems); I=In ospec ion (3
i ems); C=Con ol o heal h (3 i ems); and
O=O he conduc s (2 i ems). Each i em has
h ee Like - ype esponse op ions (0 o 2). The
o al sco e co esponds o he sum o he alues
o he i ems mul iplied by wo; highe alues
indica e be e li es yles. The ca ego iza ion o
he o al scale sco e was: ≤46=dange ous,
47-72=poo , 73-84= ai , 85-102=good, and
103-120=excellen .
The seman ic legibili y alida ion o he
ques ionnai e was conduc ed wi h se en nu sing
s uden s. The p ocedu e ca ied ou was as
ollows: 1s , hand ou a w i en copy o he
ques ionnai e o each pa icipan o ill i ou ;
2nd, s uden s we e asked hei opinion on each o
he i ems ega ding comp ehension and adequacy
o he language; 3 d, wi h wo ds o ph ases wi h
di icul y, s uden s we e asked o sugges synonyms
o s a emen s wi h hei own wo ds; 4 h, he
esea che s e alua ed he obse a ions in his ial
and compa ed he heo e ical concep s, seeking o
measu e each o he i ems on he ques ionnai e
wi h he s a emen s p oposed by he pa icipan s
du ing he seman ic alida ion, es ablishing i
equi alency exis ed - in he case o di e ences, he
s a emen o each i em was de e mined h ough
esea che consensus; 5 h, he inal e sion was
app o ed h ough esea che consensus. The
in e nal consis ency (C onbach’s alpha: 0.7) o
FANTASTC was conside ed adequa e.10
The in o ma ion ga he ed was analyzed using
SPSS . 21.00. All quan i a i e a iables we e
examined o ou lie s and abno mal dis ibu ions.
When no mali y c i e ia we e ul illed, hei
a e age, s anda d de ia ion, and minimum and
maximum alues we e calcula ed. Fo quali a i e
a iables p opo ions we e es ima ed. In explo ing
he ela ionship be ween by o al and domains
sco es o FANTASTIC and he age g oup, gende ,
and cou se a iables, one-way ANOVA s a is ic
was used. When ANOVA esul was s a is ically
signi ican (p<0.05) and he independen
a iables had mo e han wo ca ego ies, pos -
hoc analysis was pe o med o assess among
which o he g oups di e ences exis ed by using
he Dunne ’s T3 me hod – assuming ha he
a iances a e equal.
This s udy has been independen ly e iewed
and app o ed by he E hics Commi ee in he
Facul y o Nu sing a Uni e sidad o An ioquia.
The pa icipan s g an ed hei in o med consen
and he su ey was answe ed olun a ily and
anonymously. Each copy o he ques ionnai e
con ained an annex ha in e p e ed he sco e
ob ained in he FANTASTIC and i had ad ices
abou how o imp o e he heal h conduc s.
Resul s
380 s uden s o he 506 nu sing s uden s
pa icipa ed in he s udy, co esponding o 75.1%
o he o al popula ion (Figu e 1). The mean age o
he pa icipan s was 21.6±3.5 yea s (minimum
16; maximum 37); 27.6% we e less han 20
yea s; emales p e ailed (80.5%), 31.8% we e
in he second yea o aining and 89.7% we e
single (Table 1).
The o al a e age o he FANTASTIC scale was
86±10.2 (minimum 62; maximum 114). 9.2%
sco ed poo ; 31.3% sco ed ai ; 53.7% had a
good sco e and only 5.8% sco ed excellen . Table
2 shows ha no s a is ically-signi ican di e ences
we e ound when compa ing he a e age o he
o al sco e ob ained by gende , age g oup, and
cou se yea , bu signi ican di e ences we e
indeed ound when compa ing hese domains
o gende : in physical ac i i y he a e age sco e
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In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1)
Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y
was highe in men and in ciga e e smoking, he
a e age sco e was highe in women. Pos -hoc
analyses o s a is ically-signi ican ela ionships
be ween he sco es o he domains and he
s udy a iables showed ha in consump ion o
alcohol and o he subs ances, he a e age sco e
o hose younge han 20 yea s o age was highe
han ha o hose om 20 o 24 yea s o age
(p<0.001); and by cou se, h ee s a is ically
signi ican di e ences exis : ha o he i s yea
wi h he hi d yea (p=0.002) and wi h he
ou h yea (p<0.001), and ha o he second
yea wi h he ou h (p<0.012). In sleep and
s ess, hose younge han 20 yea s o age had
an a e age sco e highe han hose om 20 o 24
yea s o age. Rega ding he gene al equencies
o he i ems o he domains, he ollowing can be
highligh ed.
Figu e 1. Flow cha o s uden pa icipa ion in he su ey
98 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1)
Ma ía de los Ángeles Rod íguez-Gázquez • Sa a Chapa o-He nandez •José Ra ael González-López
Table 1. Gene al cha ac e is ics o he s udy pa icipan s
Cha ac e is ics F ecuency Pe cen aje
Gende
Male 66 17.4
Female 306 80.5
Missing da a 8 2.1
Age g oup
<20 yea s 105 27.6
20-24 yea s 198 52.1
25+ yea s 63 16.6
Missing da a 14 3.7
Yea s o aining
1º 92 24.2
2º 121 31.8
3º 84 22.1
4º 83 21.8
Single
Yes 341 89.7
No 26 6.8
Missing da a 13 3.4
Family and iends. A good p opo ion o he
s uden s a e suppo ed by hei amilies and
iends, who o e hem a ec ion (81.8%) and
wi h whom hey can speak abou hemes ha a e
impo an o hei li es (73.9%).
Ac i i y and associa i i y. Only 24.7% engage in
igo ous physical ac i i y o a leas 30 minu es
h ee o mo e imes pe week and 62.1% engage
in mode a e ac i i y wi h he same du a ion and
equency. I is o conce n ha he emaining 13.2%
engage in li le physical ac i i y. Rega ding he
componen o associa i i y, i is in e es ing ha only
one in e e y i e nu sing s uden s (20.8%) is an ac i e
membe o spo s o sel -ca e g oups o o ganiza ions.
Nu i ion. Only 18.9% o he pa icipan s
consume wo po ions o ege ables and h ee
po ions o ui e e y day and 90.3% epo ed
consuming junk ood. Al hough mos o he
nu sing s uden s ha e inadequa e ea ing habi s,
80.0% had he pe cep ion ha hey we e nea o
hei ideal weigh .
Tobacco. 16.3% o he s uden s epo ed ha
hey we e cu en smoke s, 10.0% we e o me
smoke s, and 73.7% ne e ha ing smoked.
Alcohol and o he subs ances. 94.7% o hose
su eyed ha e less han se en d inks o alcoholic
be e ages consumed du ing he same week,
64.5% d ink mo e han ou glasses du ing
he same occasion, and 13.4% ha e used an
au omobile o mo o bike a e d inking alcohol,
o ha e been a passenge when he d i e had
d unk. 11.6% o he s uden s consume mo e
han h ee cups o co ee pe day. Consump ion
o medica ions wi hou medical p esc ip ion is a
common p ac ice in 57.1% o he pa icipan s.
Rega ding consump ion o illegal psychoac i e
subs ances (ma ijuana, cocaine, o o he s) he li e
p e alence was 11.1%.
Sleep and s ess. 30% o nu sing s uden s sleep
well, 40.8% eel capable o con olling he s ess
o daily li e and only 54.7% enjoy hei leisu e
ime.

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In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1)
Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y
Table 2. A e ages and SD o he o al sco e and by FANTASTICO
domain acco ding o gende , age g oup, and cou se
Va iables To al Gende Age g oup Cou se
Domain Male Female p* <20 20-24 ≥25 p1s 2nd 3 d 4 h p
Family
and iends 7.0±1.4 6.8±1.6 6.8±1.4 0.155 7.0±1.6 7.0±1.4 7.2±1.3 0.476 7.0±1.6 7.0±1.4 7.2±1.4 7.2 ±1.6 0.653
Ac i i y 6.2±3.2 7.2±1.7 6.0±3.2 0.002 6.0±3.2 6.2±3.0 6.0±3.6 0.701 6.0±3.2 6.2±3.2 6.2±3.2 6.0±3.2 0.859
Nu i ion 7.2±2.2 7.4±2.0 7.2±2.2 0.903 7.2±2.2 7.2±2.0 7.4±2.4 0.799 7.2±2.0 7.2±2.2 7.6±2.0 7.4±2.2 0.331
Tobacco 7.0±1.8 6.2±2.4 7.2±1.6 <0.001 7.2±1.6 7.0±1.8 6.8±2.2 0.274 7.4±1.8 7.0±1.8 7.0±1.8 6.8±2.2 0.161
Alcohol and o he
subs ances 20.4±2.6 22.2±2.6 20.4±2.8 0.349 21.2±2.2 20.0±2.8 20.6±2.8 <0.001 21.4±2.0 20.6±2.6 20.0±3.0 19.4±2.8 <0.001
Sleep and s ess 8.2±2.6 8.8±2.6 8.2±2.4 0.110 7.8±2.6 8.6±2.4 8.0±2.6 0.007 8.2±2.2 7.8±2.6 8.8±2.4 8.4±2.6 0.042
Type o pe sonali y 7.8±2.2 8.0±2.2 7.8±2.0 0.598 7.8±2.0 7.6±2.2 7.8±2.2 0.732 7.8±2.2 7.8±2.2 7.6±2.1 7.6±1.8 0.773
In ospec ion 7.6±2.0 7.4±2.0 7.4±1.8 0.874 7.4±2.0 7.6±2.2 7.6±1.8 0.610 7.6±1.8 7.2±2.0 7.6±2.2 7.6±2.2 0.647
Con ol o heal h 8.6±2.6 8.2±2.8 8.6±2.6 0.176 8.2±2.8 8.6±2.6 9.0±2.6 0.173 8.2±2.6 8.8±2.8 8.8±2.6 8.8±2.4 0.241
O he ac i i ies 7.2±1.2 7.0±1.4 7.2±1.8 0.531 7.2±1.2 7.2±1.4 7.2±1.2 0.834 7.2±1.2 7.2±1.2 7.0±1.4 7.2±1.2 0.765
To al 87.2±10.2 87.2±10.8 86.1±10.2 0.963 87.0±10.0 87.2±9.8 87.1±11.2 0.988 87.6±8.8 87.0±10.8 87.8±10.8 86.0±10.4 0.637
* p- alue o he ANOVA es
100 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1)
Ma ía de los Ángeles Rod íguez-Gázquez • Sa a Chapa o-He nandez •José Ra ael González-López
Type o pe sonali y. I is ala ming ha 84.2% o
he s uden s a e always in a hu y, 73.2% eel
ang y o agg essi e, and 16.3% ne e eel pleased
wi h hei wo k o wi h ac i i ies.
In ospec ion. 64.7% o he pa icipan s epo ed
being posi i e hinke s, i is no ewo hy ha
90.5% o he subjec s epo ed ha hey always
eel ense and 6.8%, which al hough low is s ill o
conce n, s a e hey eel dep essed.
Con ol o he heal h. In spi e o hei being nu sing
s uden s ained in disease p e en ion, only 26.8%
ha e pe iodic heal h con ols. Rega ding sexual
heal h, 52.4% alk o hei pa ne s o ela i es
abou hese hemes and 88.4% wo y abou hei
sel -ca e and abou hei pa ne ’s ca e.
O he beha io s. The i ems ela ed o sa e y
beha io s in anspo a ion and pedes ians,
d i e s, o passenge s e ealed ha 84.5% o
he s uden s espec a ic laws and 75.5% wea
sea bel s as d i e s o as passenge s.
Discussion
In ou in es iga ion he o al sco e o he
FANTASTIC scale was 86 poin s, wi hou
s a is ically-signi ican di e ences by gende .
This sco e was less han he 94 poin s epo ed
by Sil a e al.10 in Po uguese s uden s o heal h
sciences (84% we e nu sing s uden s). The
ca ego y o he FANTASTIC sco e was good o
excellen in only 59.5% o he pa icipan s e sus
82.6% in he Po uguese s uden s. Rega ding he
gene al equencies o he i ems o he FANTASTIC
domains, he ollowing can be highligh ed:
In amily and iends, 81.8% o he s uden s
gi e and ecei e a ec ion. I is well known ha
a ec ion is a o m o exp ession ha in ol ing
lo e, wa m h and iendship, all o which a e
o ms o ca e owa ds he o he and o wha
is done; and e eals in e es and impo ance
owa ds he o he .11 Only one ou o e e y ou
engages in igo ous physical ac i i y o a leas
30 minu es h ee o mo e imes pe week; his
inding was lowe han he 48% no ed in nu sing
s uden s om a p i a e uni e si y in Medellin,
Colombia.5 By gende , men engaged in igo ous
physical ac i i y wi h mo e o en han women,
a inding like ha ob ained by Sil a e al.10 and
Chung.12 Analyzing he Nu i ion domain, i was
no ed ha less han one ou o e e y i e s uden s
decla ed ea ing a balanced die and a oiding suga
consump ion and junk ood, his a e a cause o
conce n because his was a g oup o young adul s
who we e being ained in Nu sing. Poo nu i ion
can a ec ad e sely he physical heal h, Reed13
a i ms ha ea ing o good heal h is one way ha
nu ses can educe he impac o s esso s on he
body and posi i ely in luence hei heal h, allowing
hem o be e ca e o pa ien s and hemsel es.
As a as he pe cep ion o cu en weigh , 80.0%
o ou nu sing s uden s s a ed being nea o he
ideal weigh . The body weigh may a ec how
nu ses p o ide ca e o pa ien s o how pa ien s
pe cei e he ca e a nu se p o ides; people a e
less con iden in an o e weigh nu se’s abili y o
p o ide educa ion on die and exe cise.13
16.3% o ou s uden s we e cu en smoke s, a
bigge pe cen age ha 7% ob ained in a s udy in
I alian nu sing s uden s.14 Ciga e e smoking is
well-documen ed as he p incipal a oidable cause
o mo bidi y and mo ali y in he wo ld, being,
in ac , one o he mos se ious epidemics ha
equi e aking u gen con ol ac ions. In addi ion,
smoking by heal h ca e p o essionals is a ba ie
o obacco in e en ions wi h pa ien s.15 In he
pa icipan s o his s udy, ciga e e smoking was
highe in males, a inding ha con adic s ha
epo ed in nu sing s uden s in Spain’s Uni e si y
o Se ille.16 64.5% o he s uden s su eyed ha e
mo e han ou d inks du ing he same occasion, a
pe cen age ha is highe han he 51.2% ob ained
in he s udy o Pe u ian nu sing s uden s du ing
hei second yea o aining.17 This addi ionally
associa ed excessi e alcohol consump ion wi h
exagge a ed academic o e load. In ou s uden s,
no di e ence was no ed o alcohol consump ion
by gende . By age, heal hy beha io ela ed
o alcohol consump ion was be e in hose
unde 20 yea s. This can also be explained by
conside ing ha mos o hese s uden s we e
101
In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1)
Li es yles o nu sing s uden s om a Colombian public uni e si y
i s -yea s uden s and had be e sco es in his
conduc han hose who we e 20 yea s and olde .
This could be ela ed o a p og essi e inc ease in
academic load and o con on ing he p ac ices.
I is o conce n ha 13.4% o he pa icipan s had
d i en mo o ehicles a e d inking alcohol, o
had been passenge s when he d i e had d unk
alcoholic be e ages. I is known ha alcohol
a ec s he d i e ’s abili y and inc eases he isk
o a ic acciden s, whose consequence could be
se ious inju ies o e en dea h.7 Li e ime p e alence
o consump ion o psychoac i e subs ances
(ma ijuana, cocaine, o o he s) in nu sing
s uden s was 11.1%, simila o he 9.5% e e ed
by Oli ei a & Fu ega o.18 These esea che s also
ela ed he p ac ices ca ied ou by las -yea
nu sing s uden s in a B azilian uni e si y who had
an inc eased isk o alcohol consump ion and o
illegal subs ances. This was explained as a way
o diminishing exhaus ion caused by clinical and
academic ac i i ies. Consump ion o medica ion
wi hou medical p esc ip ion was a common
p ac ice in 57.1% o he pa icipan s. This is
double ha epo ed by McCabe e al.19 in nu sing
s uden s om a No h Ame ican public uni e si y.
Al hough sleep is a i al need ha mus be done
in he bes condi ions and i mus be enough o i
o be epai ing, only 30.0% o he s uden s sleep
well and ge up es ed. This means ha as many as
70.0% o he s uden s eel sleepy and i ed du ing
hei daily ac i i ies. This s udy also showed, by
age g oup, ha i s -yea s uden s slep be e
han hose om he ollowing yea s. In a Spanish
s udy conduc ed a he Uni e sidad de Huel a,20
i was ound ha 50% o he nu sing s uden s
had a de e io a ed sleep pa e n; a si ua ion ha ,
besides a ec ing heal h, can nega i ely in luence
academic de elopmen . Sleeping ewe hou s
was explained by he s uden s as he esponse o
he s ong academic demands om he di e en
assignmen s. They also epo ed ha o keep om
sleeping, hey habi ually smoked o d ank be e ages
wi h ca eine – a si ua ion ha was also no ed in
ou s udy. Rega ding s ess, h ee ou o e e y i e
o ou s uden s eel incapable o con olling daily
li e s ess; his is almos equal o ha ound in
nu sing s uden s om Huel a20 and which was
almos always mani es ed wi h complain s ela ed
o excessi e demands in heo e ical and p ac ical
assignmen s. Pulido-Ma os e al.21 claim ha
nu sing s uden s nowadays endu e s ess because
hey equen ly ha e addi ional amily- o wo k-
ela ed esponsibili ies, in addi ion o an in ense
and complex academic load.
In he ca ego y on ype o pe sonali y, ou
s uden s we e always in a hu y (84.2%), el
agg essi e (73.2%) o ense (90.5%), and we e
ne e pleased wi h he wo k o wi h he ac i i ies
(16.3%), o we e dep essed (6.8%). Acco ding
o Jodas and Haddad,22 nu ses a e p one o
de eloping an exhaus ion synd ome because
hey a e subjec ed o si ua ions o in e ac ion
wi h pa ien s and amily membe s who p opi ia e
he de elopmen o di e se s ess ac o s. This
synd ome is a nega i e and pe sis en s a e o
mind and i has been ela ed o ce ain pe sonali y
ai s such as: sensi i i y o c i icism, lack o us
owa d o he s, di icul y in es ablishing social
con ac s, and low psychological adjus men .
In his s udy, 88% o s uden s a e conce ned
abou hei sel -ca e and abou ca ing o hei
pa ne s. I is wo h highligh ing ha h ee ou
o e e y i e s uden s om ou s udy a e posi i e
hinke s. Nu ses, as he cen e o he heal hca e
s a mus y o collabo a e in p ese ing a wo k
en i onmen ha p omo es heal hy in e pe sonal
ela ionships and o do so i is necessa y o
hem o hink posi i ely. This will esul in mo e
e ec i e in e ac ions wi h he heal hca e s a and
he pa ien s, a be e esolu ion o con lic s, and
lowe le els o ension in se ices.23
26.8% o ou s uden s ha e pe iodic heal h
con ols and show an in e es in hei sel -ca e
and 88.4% a e conce ned abou ca ing o hei
pa ne s. This e lec s he esponsibili y indi iduals
eel abou hei heal h and ha o hei pa ne s.
I would be expec ed ha , due o hei aining,
nu sing s uden s would all be awa e o he isks
o hei own heal h and ha o o he s. Mo ing on
o o he beha io s ela ed o oadway sa e y, ou
s uden s as pedes ians, d i e s, o passenge s
in public anspo a ion a e mos ly espec ul
102 In es Educ En e m. 2016; 34(1)
Ma ía de los Ángeles Rod íguez-Gázquez • Sa a Chapa o-He nandez •José Ra ael González-López
o a ic no ms. Howe e , 24.5% no wea a
sea bel when d i ing o iding as a passenge .
This is an inapp op ia e conduc , gi en ha i is
es ima ed ha his sa e y de ice diminishes he
isk o he d i e ’s dea h due o c ashes by 40%
and ha o o passenge s by 25%.24
The main conclusion o his s udy is ha an
impo an p opo ion o nu sing s uden s om
he public uni e si y s udied has inadequa e
li es yles, which means de e ed isks o he
de elopmen o ch onic diseases. Today’s nu sing
s uden s will be omo ow’s p o essionals, and
o ul ill hei ca egi ing unc ion, hey no only
equi e knowledge bu should also main ain
beha io s ha allow hem o imp o e and p o ec
hei own heal h and ha o o he s. I necessa y
o de elop in e en ions especially aimed a he
c ea ion o he enhancemen o heal hy beha io s
and owa d he educ ion o hose conduc s ha
a e heal h isks. Pa icula ly, he ole o nu ses
is essen ial o he success ul implemen a ion
o p e en ion s a egies since hey ac as heal h
ad oca es. The e is no be e ime o accomplish
his objec i e han du ing he s uden s’ ime in
he uni e si y, gi en ha his ins i u ion no only
has he esponsibili y o aining p o essionals, i
is also an agen which p omo es he heal h, well-
being, and quali y o li e o hose who s udy and
wo k he e, hus os e ing knowledge and skills
aimed a heal hy li es yles.
S uden s a e mos ly young indi iduals who a e a
a s age in li e in which some o he mos impo an
conduc s o adul li e can s ill be shaped. Gi en
his, he uni e si y is a unique en i onmen o
oppo uni ies o p omo e he de elopmen o he
maximum heal h po en ial.
Limi a ions. The i s limi a ion was ela ed o
he ac he esponses om he pa icipan s o
ques ions om he esea ch we e sel - epo ed
and we e no e i ied. Howe e , he anonymi y o
he ques ionnai es a o s a g ea e since i y when
answe ing he ques ions. Ano he limi a ion was
ha he c oss-sec ional na u e o he s udy does
no pe mi he es ablishing o causal ela ionships
be ween li es yles and he independen a iables.
Ne e heless, i was possible o explo e some
associa ions ha pe mi he designing o u u e
analy ic s udies ha will indica e mo e p ecisely
he signi icance o he ela ionships ound. The
las limi a ion was he di icul y o compa ing he
esul s wi h o he in es iga ions because i was
he i s esea ch using he FANTASTIC scale in
nu ses.
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