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S abili y o b eeding cha ac e s ela ed wi h b ead whea quali y in Sou he n
Spain
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Op ions Médi e anéennes, Se ies A, No. 81
399
S abili y o b eeding cha ac e s ela ed wi h b ead whea
quali y in Sou he n Spain
I. Solís*, M. Díaz*, J.B. Al a ez**, L.M. Ma ín** and R.J. Peña***
*Ag o ege al SA, 41003 Se illa, Spain
**Depa amen o de Gené ica, ETSIAM, Edi icio G ego Mendel, Campus de Rabanales,
Uni e sidad de Có doba, ES-14071 Có doba, Spain
***CIMMYT, 06600 El Ba án, México
SUMMARY – In 1998 CIMMYT and Ag o ege al SA signed an ag eemen aimed a de eloping new whea
a ie ies adap ed o ag oclima ic condi ions o Sou he n Spain. To selec b ead whea cul i a s app op ia e o
Andalusian ma ke is impo an o mee high p o ein and b ead making quali y equi emen s. The s abili y o
se e al cha ac e s ela ed wi h b ead quali y o a se o i e new a ie ies ('Escacena', 'Ecija', 'Ol e a', 'Je ezano'
and 'Veje '), and h ee checks ('Yeco a', 'Ca aya' and 'Pinzon') has been es ed in samples collec ed om ials
in quad a e la ice wi h h ee eplica es in i e loca ions o Andalusia du ing he 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 c op
seasons. The quali y es ing and s a is ical analysis o he da a we e conduc ed a he Gene ics Depa men o
he Uni e si y o Co doba, showing ha in hese ypical Medi e anean condi ions he main pa o quali y
pa ame e s we e highly in luenced by he en i onmen . The dis ibu ion o pheno ypic a iance showed ha he
h ee quali y ai s in which he geno ype was he main ac o o a ia ion in he wo-yea analysis we e SDS-
sedimen a ion, alling numbe , and al eog aph-W. Fo he es o ai s he en i onmen o he geno ype x
en i onmen in e ac ion explained, in a leas one yea , mo e han 50% o he obse ed a iance.
In oduc ion
B ead whea (T i icum aes i um ssp. aes i um L. em. Thell), is he hi d small g ain ce eal
cul i a ed in he sou h o Spain, igh a e du um whea and ba ley. The a ea cul i a ed o b ead
whea has been inc easing quickly in he las ew yea s om a ound 50,000 hec a es o mo e han
100,000 hec a es.
The soil and clima ic condi ions o sou he n Spain a e adequa e o p oduce high quali y lou s o
he b ead whea indus y and new cul i a s sui ed o his pu pose a e being de eloped by he
CIMMYT-Ag o ege al ag eemen . In a b eeding p og am aiming o selec new cul i a s wi h high lou
quali y and good s abili y o he mos impo an cha ac e s, i is e y impo an o know which o hem
show a good s abili y among yea s and locali ies and which a e he mos in luenced by he
en i onmen .
Ma e ials and me hods
The new cul i a s 'Escacena', 'Ecija', 'Ol e a', 'Je ezano' and 'Veje ', oge he wi h he h ee checks
'Yeco a', 'Ca aya' and 'Pinzon', we e g own in quad a e la ice wi h h ee eplica es and plo size o 6
m2 in i e locali ies o Andalusia (Spain) du ing 2000-2001 and 2001-2002: Ecija (Se illa), Escacena
del Campo (Huel a), Je ez de la F on e a, Ol e a and Conil (Cádiz). The ag onomic p ac ices we e
acco ding o he s anda ds in each locali y. These new cul i a s we e ob ained by he ag eemen
be ween CIMMYT and Ag o ege al SA.
Yield was measu ed as kg/ha. The quali y ai s analysed we e es weigh and housand ke nel
weigh , g ain and lou mois u e con en , lou ex ac ion a e, p o ein concen a ion, SDS-lac ic
sedimen a ion (SDSs) olume measu ed in ml acco ding o mic ome hod o Dick and Quick (1983)
modi ied by Peña e al. (1990), he glu en index measu ed in pe cen age o we glu en acco ding o
Cubbada e al. (1992), and he Chopin Al eog aph (T ipe e & Renaud) pa ame e s (P, L, G, P/L and
W), measu ed acco ding o manu ac u e 's ins uc ions.
Op ions Médi e anéennes, Se ies A, No. 81
400
Da a we e s a is ically analysed o each locali y and all he locali ies by an analysis o a iance
(ANOVA). The dis ibu ion o pheno ypic a iance o yield and quali y cha ac e s in samples collec ed
in i e places in 2001and 2002 we e de e mined and compa ed.
Resul s and discussion
The dis ibu ion o he pheno ypic a iance (Table 1) showed ha he main ac o (obse ed
a ia ion abo e 50%) a ec ing du ing he wo yea s he quali y ai s SDS-sedimen a ion, alling
numbe and al eog aph-W was he cul i a .
Table 1.Dis ibu ion o pheno ypic a iance o yield and quali y cha ac e s in 2001 and 2002
Va ia ion ac o
Loca ion (L) Cul i a (C) In e ac . (L x C) E o
To al Cha ac e
σ2 % σ2 % σ2 % σ2 % σ2 %
Yield 2001 1.64E6 69.0† 2.92E5 12.3 5.2E5 2.2 3.9E5 16.5 2.3E6 100
Yield 2002 140E+3 21.7 172E+3 26.8† 112E+3 17.5 218E+3 34.0† 642E+3 100
Tes weigh 2001 2.31 53.8† 0.67 15.6 0.66 15.3 0.66 15.3 4.29 100
Tes weigh 2002 3.96 46.6† 2.27 26.7 1.00 11.8 1.27 15.0 8.51 100
1000 ke nel weigh 2001 24.31 67.7† 3.01 8.4 499.04 11.3 4.53 12.6 35.89 100
1000 ke nel weigh 2002 9.04 48.6† 4.85 26.0 2.32 12.5 2.40 12.9 18.61 100
G ain mois u e % 2001 0.34 89.0† 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.8 0.04 10.2 0.38 100
G ain mois u e % 2002 1.31 94.6† 0.02 1.7 0.01 0.8 0.04 2.9 1.38 100
Flou mois u e % 2001 0.00 4.8 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.08 95.2† 0.09 100
Flou mois u e %2002 0.04 24.8 2E-3 1.0 0.02 13.7 9E-3 60.6† 0.16 100
Flou ex ac ion % 2001 6.59 50.1† 1.87 14.2 0.00 0.0 4.70 35.7 13.16 100
Flou ex ac ion % 2002 3.95 26.0 7.17 47.1† 1.93 12.7 2.17 14.2 15.22 100
P o ein con en % 2001 0.10 6.2 0.50 31.6† 0.41 26.0† 0.57 36.1† 1.57 100
P o ein con en % 2002 0.49 32.4† 0.40 26.1 0.16 10.7 0.47 30.9 1.52 100
SDS 2001 0.99 11.0 5.78 64.4† 0.07 0.8 2.14 23.8 8.98 100
SDS 2002 1.16 22.6 3.08 61.1† 0.09 1.8 0.71 14.1 5.04 100
Falling numbe 2001 1.21E4 10.1 8358.34 69.6† 1.4E3 12.1 975.63 8.1 1.2E5 100
Falling numbe 2002 857.30 13.9 3152.90 51.0† 1172.40 19.1 969.00 15.8 6151.60 100
We glu en % 2001 2.47 23.2 1.40 13.2 2.30 21.6 4.48 42.0† 10.65 100
We glu en % 2002 2.40 26.8 1.10 13.1 1.40 16.6 3.81 43.4† 8.80 100
D y glu en % 2001 0.28 17.6 0.22 14.1 0.36 22.4 0.73 45.9† 1.59 100
D y glu en % 2002 0.40 31.7 0.15 12.2 0.16 12.8 0.54 43.2† 1.25 100
Glu en index 2001 4.82 16.3 8.30 28.0 2.65 8.9 13.85 46.8† 29.61 100
Glu en index 2002 3.60 11.4 9.70 31.3 3.40 11.0 14.40 46.3† 31.00 100
P 2001 14.33 5.4 178.67 66.9† 39.71 14.9 34.40 12.9 267.12 100
P 2002 23.96 12.8 93.00 49.7† 49.25 26.3 20.84 11.1 187.06 100
L 2001 306.33 29.6† 323.81 32.2† 187.25 18.1 218.90 21.1 1036.2 100
L 2002 313.61 26.6† 298.35 25.3† 300.30 25.5† 267.44 22.8† 1179.71 100
G 2001 3.62 31.0† 3.65 31.3† 1.83 15.6 2.58 22.1 11.67 100
G 2002 2.70 26.0† 2.80 26.8† 2.60 25.2† 2.30 22.0† 10.40 100
W 2001 720.07 12.4 3232.16 55.7† 960.88 16.6 891.38 15.4 5804.4 100
W 2002 1945.41 27.1 3861.84 53.7† 395.93 5.5 983.83 16.7 7187.01 100
P/L 2001 0.05 27.8† 0.06 34.3† 0.02 13.1 0.04 24.8 0.17 100
P/L 2002 8E-3 17.3 0.01 22.7 0.019 39.0† 0.01 21.1 0.05 100
†Mos impo an componen /s o pheno ypic a iance o each cha ac e .
Op ions Médi e anéennes, Se ies A, No. 81
401
The in luence o loca ion, cul i a and hei in e ac ion on all o he quali y pa ame e s a ied wi h
yea o es ing. Fo SDS-sedimen a ion, alling numbe and al eog aph-W, which showed high
s abili y in sou he n Spain, samples om only wo o h ee ial loca ions a e conside ed enough o
de e mining he sui abili y o each new cul i a s o indus ial pu poses. O he wise o o he impo an
ai s such as speci ic weigh , p o ein con en , and ex ensibili y (L and P/L), we need samples om a
leas ou o mo e loca ions due he low s abili y o hese cha ac e s.
The da a showed he low sc eening alue o measu ing some cha ac e s o compa e he indus ial
quali y o new cul i a s due o he huge in luence o loca ions (speci ic weigh , housand ke nel weigh
and g ain mois u e) and e o s ( lou mois u e, we and d y glu en % and glu en index).
Re e ences
Cubadda, R., Ca cea, N. and Pasqui, L. (1992). Ce eal Foods Wo ld, 37: 866-869.
Dick, J.V. and Quick, J.S. (1983). Ce eal Chemis y, 60: 315-318.
Peña, R.J., Amaya, A., Raja am, S. and Mujeeb-Kazi, A. (1990). Jou nal o Ce eal Science, 12: 105-
112.
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