Aproximación teórico-metodológica a la evaluación de lo programas de desarrollo rural en el ámbito turístico

            $352;,0$&,Ï17(Ï5,&20(72'2/Ï*,&$$/$(9$/8$&,Ï1'( /26352*5$0$6'('(6$552//2585$/(1(/È0%,72785,67,&2     7LUDGR%DOOHVWHURV-*JDEULHOWLUDGR#XDHV +HUQiQGH]+HUQiQGH]0PDULDKHUQDQGH]#XDHV  8QLYHUVLGDGGH$OLFDQWH ,QVWLWXWRGH,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV7XUtVWLFDV &UWDGH6DQ9LFHQWHGHO5DVSHLJ61$OLFDQWH      7HPiWLFDGHOWUDEDMR(YDOXDFLyQGHSROtWLFDVWXUtVWLFDV     (VWDLQYHVWLJDFLyQKDVLGRILQDQFLDGDSRUHO9LFHUUHFWRUDGRGH,QYHVWLJDFLyQ'HVDUUROORH,QQRYDFLyQGHOD 8QLYHUVLGDGGH$OLFDQWHDWUDYpVGHXQDEHFDSUHGRFWRUDO8$)38 Impulso al Desarrollo Econónmico a través del Turismo 79 5(680(1 /RV SURJUDPDV /($'(5 UHSUHVHQWDQ HQ PXFKDV FRPDUFDV HVSDxRODV HO SULQFLSDO HOHPHQWRGLQDPL]DGRUGHODDFWLYLGDGWXUtVWLFD/DWUDQVLFLyQGHSUR\HFWRVDSURJUDPDV SOXULDQXDOHVKDFHQHFHVDULRVODXWLOL]DFLyQGHKHUUDPLHQWDVPHWRGROyJLFDVSDUDFRQVWUXLU XQ SURFHVR GH SODQLILFDFLyQ FRKHUHQWH \ HILFD] /D HYDOXDFLyQ GH ORV SURJUDPDV GH GHVDUUROORUXUDOFRQVWLWX\HXQDHWDSDIXQGDPHQWDO\DTXHSHUPLWHYDORUDUHODOFDQFHGH ORVREMHWLYRVSODQWHDGRVFRQRFHUODHILFDFLD\HILFLHQFLDGHORVUHFXUVRVHPSOHDGRV\ D\XGDUDODUHIRUPXODFLyQGHODVHVWUDWHJLDVGHGHVDUUROORIXWXUDV6LELHQOD&RPLVLyQ (XURSHD DERJD SRU OD REOLJDWRULHGDG GH OOHYDU D FDER XQ VLVWHPD GH HYDOXDFLyQ ORV PpWRGRVGHWUDEDMRSURSXHVWRV\DSOLFDGRVKDVWDHOPRPHQWRQRKDQSUHVWDGRVXILFLHQWH DWHQFLyQ DO LPSDFWR TXH OD DSOLFDFLyQ GH HVWDV DFFLRQHV JHQHUD HQ HO WHUULWRULR (VWH HVWXGLRWLHQHSRUREMHWRDQDOL]DUHOSDSHOGHODVDGPLQLVWUDFLRQHVS~EOLFDVHQHOGLVHxR\ HODERUDFLyQGHPHWRGRORJtDVSDUDODHYDOXDFLyQGHORVSURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROORUXUDO SURIXQGL]DQGRHQODVKHUUDPLHQWDVGHVDUUROODGDVSDUDPHGLUHOLPSDFWRGHODDFWLYLGDG WXUtVWLFD 3DUD HOOR KDQ VLGR DQDOL]DGRV ORV GRFXPHQWRV GH WUDEDMR \ ODV GLUHFWULFHV HXURSHDVHQPDWHULDGHHYDOXDFLyQ 3DODEUDVFODYH7XULVPR/($'(5'HVDUUROORUXUDO(YDOXDFLyQ   7+(25(7,&$/0(7+2'2/2*,&$/$3352$&+727+((9$/8$7,21 2)585$/'(9(/230(17352*5$06$7285,676352-(&76 5(9,(:  $%675$&7 7KH/($'(5SURJUDPLQPDQ\6SDQLVKUXUDODUHDVVWDQGVIRUWKHPDLQVWLPXOXVIRU WRXULVP  &KDQJLQJ SURMHFWV WR PXOWLDQQXDO SURJUDPV PDNHV QHFHVVDU\ WKH XVH RI PHWKRGRORJLFDOWRROVWRIRUPDFRKHUHQWDQGHIIHFWLYHSURFHVVSODQQLQJ7KHHYDOXDWLRQ RIUXUDOGHYHORSPHQWSURJUDPVLVDQHVVHQWLDOVWHSZKRVHGHYHORSPHQWDOORZVDVVHVVLQJ WKHDFKLHYHPHQWRIWKHREMHFWLYHVWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVDQGHIILFLHQF\RIWKHUHVRXUFHVDQG LWDOVRKHOSVUHIRUPXODWLRQVWUDWHJLHV$OWKRXJK(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQUHTXLUHVWRFDUU\ RXW DQ HYDOXDWLRQ V\VWHP WKH SURSRVHG ZRUNLQJ PHWKRGV OHDYHV RXW RI DFFRXQW WKH VIII Jornadas de Investigación en Turismo 80 LPSDFWJHQHUDWHGLQWKHWHUULWRU\7KHVWXG\DLPVWRH[DPLQHWKHUROHRIJRYHUQPHQWLQ WKH GHVLJQ DQG GHYHORSPHQW RI PHWKRGRORJLHV IRU DVVHVVLQJ WKH 5XUDO 'HYHORSPHQW 3URJUDPV HVSHFLDOO\ WRROV WR PHDVXUH WKH LPSDFW RI WRXULVP ,QRUGHUWRUHDFKWKLV REMHFWLYHKDYHEHHQDQDO\]HG(XURSHDQ(YDOXDWLRQ*XLGHOLQHV .(<:25'67RXULVP/($'(55XUDO'HYHORSPHQW(YDOXDWLRQ Impulso al Desarrollo Econónmico a través del Turismo 81 VIII Jornadas de Investigación en Turismo 82 ,1752'8&&,Ï1  $PHGLDGRVGHORVDxRVRFKHQWDHOVHFWRUDJUDULRDWUDYHVDEDXQDSURIXQGDFULVLV /D8QLyQ(XURSHDVHJXtDDSR\DQGRPHGLGDVSDUDSDOLDU\JHVWLRQDUORVH[FHGHQWHVGH SURGXFFLyQ \ HO FRQWURO GH SUHFLRV D OD YH] HO PRGHOR GH OD 3$& HPSLH]D D VHU FXHVWLRQDGRGHVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDPHGLRDPELHQWDOFRPRFRQVHFXHQFLDGHODVSROtWLFDVGH FRUWH SURGXFWLYLVWDV 0DVVRW  $ WHQRU GH WRGRV HVWRV SUREOHPDV OD &RPLVLyQ (XURSHDS~EOLFDHQ³(OIXWXURGHOPXQGRUXUDO´(QHVWHGRFXPHQWRVHPXHVWUD XQFDPELRGHRULHQWDFLyQGHODVSROtWLFDVDJUDULDV\VHHPSLH]DDHQXQFLDUXQQXHYR FRQFHSWR HO GH 'HVDUUROOR 5XUDO /D &RPXQLGDG (XURSHD YLVOXPEUD HQWRQFHV OD DSDULFLyQGHQXHYDVIXQFLRQHVHQHOHVSDFLRUXUDOPiVDOOiGHODPHUDSURGXFFLyQGH DOLPHQWRV$VtVHSRQHGHPDQLILHVWRHQGLFKRGRFXPHQWRGRQGHDSDUHFHSRUSULPHUD YH] HO 7XULVPR 5XUDO FRPR XQD DOWHUQDWLYD GH GHVDUUROOR \ ³VH SUHVHQWD FRPR XQD SHUVSHFWLYD SURPHWHGRUD SDUD HO IXWXUR GHO PXQGR UXUDO´ &RPLVLyQ (XURSHD   /DV SROtWLFDV HXURSHDV GH GHVDUUROOR UXUDO VH DVLHQWDQ VREUH OD PHWRGRORJtD /($'(5LQLFLDWLYDGRQGHVHHQFXDGUDODEDVHGHODWHRUtDDSOLFDGDHQODV]RQDVUXUDOHV GXUDQWH ORV ~OWLPRV  DxRV /D LQLFLDWLYD /($'(5 /LDLVRQV (QWUH $FWLYLWpV GH 'HYHORSSHPHQWGHO¶(FRQRPtH5XUDOVXUJHHQFRQHOILQGHPHMRUDUHOSRWHQFLDO GH GHVDUUROOR GH ODV ]RQDV UXUDOHV /D DSOLFDFLyQ GH ORV SURJUDPDV /($'(5 VH IXQGDPHQWDHQVLHWHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVFODYHDVDEHU   ODVHVWUDWHJLDVGHGHVDUUROORVHGHEHQDSOLFDUD]RQDVKRPRJpQHDVFRQ LGHQWLGDGORFDOFRQQHFHVLGDGHV\SUREOHPDVFRPXQHV  ODIRUPXODFLyQGHODHVWUDWHJLDGHGHVDUUROORGHEHIRUPXODUVHGHVGHDEDMR ERWWRPXSKDFLHQGRSDUWLFLSHDWRGDODSREODFLyQFROHFWLYRVVRFLDOHV JUXSRV GH LQWHUpV HFRQyPLFRV DVRFLDFLRQHV H LQVWLWXFLRQHV S~EOLFR \ SULYDGDV  FRQ OD LQLFLDWLYD /($'(5 VH FUHD OD ILJXUD GHO JUXSR GH DFFLyQ ORFDO *$/TXHHVHOyUJDQRHQFDUJDGRGHJHVWLRQDU\DVLJQDUORVUHFXUVRV ILQDQFLHURVUHFLELGRV\OHVFRUUHVSRQGHGLVHxDUODHVWUDWHJLDGHGHVDUUROOR UXUDO  ORVSURJUDPDVGHEHQLQFOXLUXQFLHUWRJUDGRGHLQQRYDFLyQ  Impulso al Desarrollo Econónmico a través del Turismo 83  ODHVWUDWHJLDGHEHLQWHJUDUDYDULRVVHFWRUHVGHDFWLYLGDGSDUDIRPHQWDUOD FUHDFLyQGHYtQFXORVHQWUHGLIHUHQWHVDJHQWHVHFRQyPLFRV  ORV*$/GHEHQGLIXQGLUVXVH[SHULHQFLDVDWUDYpVGHFRQH[LRQHVHQUHGHV SDUDFUHDUYtQFXORV\  HO PpWRGR /($'(5 IRPHQWD OD SDUWLFLSDFLyQ GH SUR\HFWRV FRQMXQWRV HQWUHYDULRV*$/SDUDHOHQULTXHFLPLHQWRGHORVJUXSRV&RPXQLGDGHV (XURSHDVD   /DLPSRUWDQFLDGHFRQRFHUODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVLQWUtQVHFDVGH/($'(5HVWULEDHQ TXHJUDQSDUWHGHORVSURFHVRVHYDOXDWLYRVUHJODGRVDSOLFDGRVGXUDQWHORV~OWLPRV DxRV VH KDQ FHQWUDGR HQ YDOLGDU VL ODV LQFOXVLyQ GH ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GHVFULWDV DQWHULRUPHQWHVRQRQRFRQGLFLyQQHFHVDULDSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHOD]RQDVUXUDOHV  2%-(7,926<0(72'2/2*Ë$  7HQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD ORV SODQWHDPLHQWRV GHVFULWRV DQWHULRUPHQWH VHILMDQFRPR REMHWLYRV GH OD SUHVHQWH FRPXQLFDFLyQ FRQRFHU FXiOHV KDQ VLGR ODV PHWRGRORJtDV SURSXHVWDVSRUOD&RPLVLyQ(XURSHD\SRUODVGLIHUHQWHV$GPLQLVWUDFLRQHV3~EOLFDVSDUD ODHYDOXDFLyQGHORVSURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROORUXUDO$VLPLVPRVHSUHWHQGHFRQRFHUHO SDSHOTXHKDMXJDGRHOWXULVPRFRPRHOHPHQWRGLQDPL]DGRUHQODVFRPDUFDVUXUDOHVD WUDYpV GH OD LQLFLDWLYD /($'(5 6H KD SXHVWR HVSHFLDO DWHQFLyQ HQ ODV KHUUDPLHQWDV PHWRGRORJtDV SURSXHVWDV SDUD HO DQiOLVLV SRUPHQRUL]DGR GH ODV DFWLYLGDGHV WXUtVWLFDV (VWHDQiOLVLVSRU~OWLPRSUHWHQGHSRQHUGHPDQLILHVWRSRVLEOHVGLVIXQFLRQDOLGDGHVHQ ORVSURFHVRVUHJODGRVGHHYDOXDFLyQHQORVSURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROORUXUDO   3DUD OD UHDOL]DFLyQ GH HVWH HVWXGLR KDQ VLGR UHYLVDGDV SULQFLSDOPHQWH ODV GLUHFWULFHV \ UHJODPHQWRV HXURSHRV HQ PDWHULD GH GHVDUUROOR UXUDO DVt FRPR ORV GRFXPHQWRVGHWUDEDMR HODERUDGRVSRUOD5HG(XURSHDGH'HVDUUROOR5XUDO7DPELpQ KDQ VLGR FRQVXOWDGRV GDWRV SULPDULRV HODERUDGRV SRU HO 0LQLVWHULR GH $JULFXOWXUD $OLPHQWDFLyQ \ 0HGLR $PELHQWH $Vt FRPR DUWtFXORV GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQ HQ HO iPELWR FLHQWtILFR\DFDGpPLFR  VIII Jornadas de Investigación en Turismo 84  (/ 3$3(/ '( /$6 $'0,1,675$&,21(6 3Ò%/,&$6 (1 /$ (/$%25$&,Ï1 '( 0(72'2/2*Ë$6 (1 /$ (9$/8$&,Ï1 '( /26 352*5$0$6'('(6$552//2585$/ /($'(5,3HULRGRGHSURJUDPDFLyQ  (OGHPDU]RGHOD&RPLVLyQ(XURSHDDSUXHEDODVGLUHFWULFHVSRUODTXH VH ILMDQ D\XGDV DO GHVDUUROOR UXUDO &20 & (O REMHWLYR GH OD LQLFLDWLYD /($'(5,HUDLPSXOVDUHOGHVDUUROORHQODV]RQDVUXUDOHVLQWHQWDQGRSDOLDUDOJXQDVGH ODVGHELOLGDGHVTXHFDUDFWHUL]DEDQDHVWRViPELWRVFRPRVRQHOHQYHMHFLPLHQWRGHOD SREODFLyQ HO GHVHPSOHR R OD HVFDVD UHQWDELOLGDG GH ODV DFWLYLGDGHV WUDGLFLRQDOHV (O SDTXHWH GH PHGLGDV VXVFHSWLEOHV GH VHU VXEYHQFLRQDGDV WDPELpQ VH UHFRJHQ HQ HO FRPXQLFDGR\VHGLYLGHQHQVHLVJUXSRV&RPXQLGDGHV(XURSHDV D DSR\RWpFQLFRDOGHVDUUROORUXUDO E IRUPDFLyQSURIHVLRQDO\D\XGDDODFRQWUDWDFLyQ F WXULVPRUXUDO G SHTXHxDVHPSUHVDVDUWHVDQtD\VHUYLFLRVORFDOHV H YDORUL]DFLyQ\FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ³LQVLWX´GHODSURGXFFLyQDJUDULDIRUHVWDO\ SHVTXHUDORFDO\ I PHGLGDVUHODWLYDVDORVJUXSRVGHGHVDUUROORORFDO   (Q (VSDxD SDUWLFLSDURQ  *$/ VREUH ORV  TXH FRQFXUUtDQ HQOD8QLyQ (XURSHDORTXHUHSUHVHQWDFDVLXQDFXDUWDSDUWHGHOWRWDOGHODVDFWXDFLRQHVILQDQFLDGDV 6HJ~QGDWRV GHO0$50  ORVSURJUDPDV VH DGMXGLFDURQHQ GLH] &RPXQLGDGHV $XWyQRPDVDIHFWDQGRDXQDSREODFLyQGHKDEXQGHODSREODFLyQ QDFLRQDO6HJHQHUyXQDLQYHUVLyQGHPLOORQHVGHHXURVFRUUHVSRQGtDDOD LQYHUVLyQSULYDGD/DLPSRUWDQFLDTXHWLHQHHOWXULVPRHQODVHVWUDWHJLDVGHGHVDUUROOR GHOD8QLyQ(XURSHDVHSRQHGHPDQLILHVWRHQHOUHSDUWRSUHVXSXHVWDULRGRQGHPiVGHO GHODVLQYHUVLRQHVUHDOL]DGDVILJXUDVHGHVWLQDURQDOIRPHQWRGHOWXULVPRUXUDO (Q (VSDxD VH DSUREDURQ XQ WRWDO GH  SUR\HFWRV UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ OD DFWLYLGDG WXUtVWLFD TXH VLJQLILFDURQ PiV GH  PLOORQHV GH HXURV GH LQYHUVLyQ %ODQFR \ %HQD\DV 2 $QGDOXFtD3ULQFLSDGRGH$VWXULDV,VODV&DQDULDV&DQWDEULD&DVWLOOD/D0DQFKD&DVWLOOD\/HyQ([WUHPDGXUD *DOLFLD5HJLyQGH0XUFLD\&RPXQLGDG9DOHQFLDQD Impulso al Desarrollo Econónmico a través del Turismo 85 )LJXUD 'LVWULEXFLyQGHLQYHUVLyQGH/($'(5,HQ(VSDxD         )XHQWH%ODQFR\%HQD\DV(ODERUDFLyQSURSLD   8QDYH]FRQFOXLGDODHMHFXFLyQGHOSULPHUSHULRGRGHODLQLFLDWLYD/($'(5\ GDQGR FXPSOLPLHQWR D OR FRQWHQGLGR HQ HO DUW  GHO 5HJODPHQWR &RPXQLWDULR Q  HQ HO TXH VH LQGLFD TXH VH HVSHFLILFDUi ³HO PRGR GH VHJXLPLHQWR GH ODV VXEYHQFLRQHVJOREDOHV´VHODQ]DDFRQFXUVRODOLFLWDFLyQGHOHVWXGLRGHODHYDOXDFLyQ ³H[SRVW´GHODLQLFLDWLYDFRPXQLWDULD/($'(5,$VLPLVPRHOSURFHVRGHHYDOXDFLyQ /($'(5 , TXHGD UHFRJLGD HQ OD &RPXQLFDFLyQ GH ODV &RPXQLGDGHV (XURSHDV &GHOGH2FWXEUHGH/RVREMHWLYRVGHODHYDOXDFLyQWDPELpQTXHGDQ VLQWHWL]DGRVHQGLFKDFRPXQLFDFLyQ&RPLVLyQ(XURSHD(VWRVVRQDPHGLUORV HIHFWRV HVSHUDGRV KDFLHQGR HVSHFLDO KLQFDSLp HQ HO HPSOHR E HYDOXDU OD XWLOL]DFLyQ DGHFXDGDGHORVIRQGRVFDQDOL]DUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWR\HILFDFLDGHODUHGGFRQRFHUHO YDORUDxDGLGRSURGXFLGRJUDFLDVDODLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHODLQLFLDWLYDFRPXQLWDULD  /DHYDOXDFLyQIXHUHDOL]DGDDQLYHOFRPXQLWDULR\OOHYDGDDFDERSRUGRVJUXSRV (OSULPHURIRUPDGRSRUFXDWURH[SHUWRVHQGHVDUUROORUXUDOSURYHQLHQWHVGHHPSUHVDV FRQVXOWRUDVORVFXDOHVVHHQFDUJDURQGHODFRQFHSWXDOL]DFLyQGLVHxRGHODPHWRGRORJtD FRRUGLQDFLyQGHOSUR\HFWR\SUHVHQWDFLyQGHUHVXOWDGRV(OVHJXQGRJUXSRIRUPDGRSRU  HTXLSRV FRQ PLHPEURV SURYHQLHQWHV GH XQLYHUVLGDGHV \ HPSUHVDV SULYDGDV SULQFLSDOPHQWHTXHFRUUHVSRQGtDQDORVSDtVHVTXHKDEtDQSDUWLFLSDGRHQODLQLFLDWLYD /($'(5 , 3DUD OOHYDU D FDER HO DQiOLVLV VH WXYLHURQ HQ FXHQWD FXDWUR EORTXHV WHPiWLFRV  ,QIRUPDFLyQGLVSRQLEOHHQKWWSHFHXURSDHXDJULFXOWXUHUXUOHDGHULQGH[BHQKWPDFFHVR9 VIII Jornadas de Investigación en Turismo 86 D DFFLRQHV 'RQGH VH DERUGDURQ DVSHFWRV UHODFLRQDGRV FRQ OD SURSLD PHWRGRORJtD /($'(5 FRPR VRQ HO HQIRTXH DVFHQGHQWH HO FDUiFWHU LQQRYDGRULQWHJUDGRU\PXOWLVHFWRULDO E 3DUWHQDULDGR6HDQDOL]yODFRPSRVLFLyQGHORV*$/ODSUHVHQFLDGHHQWHV SULYDGRV\GHODSREODFLyQORFDOHQHOGLVHxRGHVDUUROORHLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGH ODHVWUDWHJLDGHGHVDUUROOR F )LQDQFLDFLyQ $VSHFWRV FRPR OD GLVWULEXFLyQ GH OD ILQDQFLDFLyQ HQWUH ODV GLIHUHQWHV PHGLGDV \ OD FDSDFLGDG GH ORV *$/ SDUD FDSWDU ILQDQFLDFLyQ SULYDGDIXHURQODVFXHVWLRQHVYDORUDGDV G &RQH[LyQ HQ UHGHV \ FRRSHUDFLyQ (YDOXiQGRVH OD HILFDFLD \ OD SXHVWD HQ PDUFKDGHODILORVRItDYLQFXODGDDODWUDVIHUHQFLDGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVHOHIHFWR GHPRVWUDFLyQ\ORVSUR\HFWRVFRQMXQWRV   /D HYDOXDFLyQ GH ODV DFFLRQHV FRQ EDVH WXUtVWLFD VH OOHYy D FDERDSDUWLUGH LQIRUPDFLyQREWHQLGDGHXQFXHVWLRQDULRUHDOL]DGRD*$/HXURSHRV6HHVWDEOHFLHURQ XQRVLQGLFDGRUHVGHLPSDFWRTXHHYDOXDURQHOQ~PHURHPSUHVDVWXUtVWLFDVFUHDGDV HO YROXPHQ GH RIHUWD GH DORMDPLHQWR \ HO HPSOHR JHQHUDGR /D HYDOXDFLyQ H[SRVW GH /($'(5,WDPELpQSXVRGHPDQLILHVWRDOJXQDVGHELOLGDGHV(QWUHpVWDVFDEHFLWDUDOD GpELOHODERUDFLyQGHXQGLDJQRVWLFRWHUULWRULDOH[DQWHSRUSDUWHGHORV*$/TXHSXGLHUD SRQHUGHPDQLILHVWRODVLWXDFLyQGHSDUWLGDGHOWHUULWRULREODHVFDVDLQIRUPDFLyQVREUH OOHJDGDVGHYLVLWDQWHVLQGLFDGRUFODYHSDUDODEXHQDPDUFKDGHOGHVWLQRFHOFDUiFWHU PXOWLVHFWRULDO H LQWHJUDGRU QR VH UHIOHMy HQ OD FRQILJXUDFLyQ GH ORV SUR\HFWRV GH GHVDUUROORUXUDOOOHYDGRVDFDERSXHVWRTXHODPHGLGDFRQPD\RUYROXPHQGHLQYHUVLyQ IXHURQ ODV PHGLGDV GHVWLQDGDV DO WXULVPR UXUDO R D DFWLYLGDGHV HVWUHFKDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGDVFRQHOPLVPR*DUFtDHWDO$GHPiVPiVGHODPLWDGGHORVIRQGRV GHVWLQRV D DFFLRQHV WXUtVWLFDV VH GHVWLQDURQ D OD FUHDFLyQ \R UHKDELOLWDFLyQ GH DORMDPLHQWR (V FRPSUHQVLEOH HQ FDPELR TXH QR VH OOHYDUDQ D FDER GHPDVLDGDV DFFLRQHVSDUDFRPHUFLDOL]DUORTXHHPSH]DEDDFRQILJXUDUVHFRPRXQSURGXFWRWXUtVWLFR \DTXHWRGDYtDPXFKRVGHVWLQRVUXUDOHVHVSDxROHVVHHQFRQWUDEDQHQORVDxRVHQXQD IDVHGHLQWURGXFFLyQORTXHHVPHQRVH[SOLFDEOHHVTXHVHGHMDUDQHQVHJXQGRSODQR DFFLRQHVSDUDODHODERUDFLyQ\HMHFXFLyQGHSUR\HFWRVGHSODQLILFDFLyQWXUtVWLFD %ODQFR\%HQD\DV Impulso al Desarrollo Econónmico a través del Turismo 87 FRP~QTXHIDFLOLWDURQDWRGRVORV*$/\FRQODTXHODVDXWRULGDGHVUHJLRQDOHVSRGtDQ HODERUDUVXVLQIRUPHVSHUWLQHQWHV\SRUHQGHHUDOD~QLFDGRFXPHQWDFLyQTXHSHUPLWtD KDFHU XQ HVWXGLR FRPSDUDWLYR HQWUH GLIHUHQWHV UHJLRQHV $GHPiV KD FRQGLFLRQDGR EDVWDQWHODODERULQYHVWLJDGRUDHQORViPELWRVDFDGpPLFRV\DTXHVXVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHV XWLOL]DQHQWUHRWURVORVGDWRVVHFXQGDULRVIDFLOLWDGRVSRUODVDXWRULGDGHVFRPSHWHQWHV  /DHYDOXDFLyQH[SRVWGH/($'(5&RPXQLGDGHV(XURSHDVVHSXEOLFy HQ'LFLHPEUH GH \ WHQtDFRPR REMHWLYRDQDOL]DU ORVIDFWRUHVTXHFRQWULEXtDQDO p[LWR\DOIUDFDVRGHODHMHFXFLyQGHORVSURJUDPDVDVtFRPRDQDOL]DUORVORJURV\ORV UHVXOWDGRV 3DUD OOHYDU D FDER HVWRV ILQHV OD FODYH GHO HQIRTXH FRQVLVWLy HQ OD IRUPXODFLyQ GH SUHJXQWDV FRPXQHV DUWLFXODGRV D WUDYpV GHO DQiOLVLV GH RFKR WHPDV SULQFLSDOHV − 7HPD5HOHYDQFLDGHOYDORUDxDGLGR 6H YDORUDQ DVSHFWRV FRPR HQ TXp PHGLGD/($'(5KDFRQWULEXLGRDOORJURGHORVREMHWLYRVGHORVSURJUDPDV QDFLRQDOHV\UHJLRQDOHV − 7HPD(VWUDWHJLDVGHGHVDUUROORFRQFDUiFWHUSLORWRFRRSHUDFLyQ\UHGHV (YDOXiQGRVHFXHVWLRQHVFRPRDFRPSOHPHQWDULHGDGHQWUHORVDFWRUHVGHODV ]RQDVUXUDOHVDWUDYpVGHXQHQIRTXHDVFHQGHQWH\XQDHVWUDWHJLDLQWHJUDGDGH FDUiFWHU SLORWR E FXiOHV KDQ VLGR ORV SXQWRV IXHUWHV \ GpELOHV TXH KDQ LQIOXLGR HQ HO GLVHxR \ DSOLFDFLyQ GH HVWUDWpJLFDV LQQRYDGRUDVFHQTXp JUDGRKDFRQWULEXLGRODFRRSHUDFLyQHQODWUDVIHUHQFLDGHFRQRFLPLHQWRVG TXpSDSHOMXHJDQODVUHGHV\HO2EVHUYDWRULR(XURSHRHQODWUDQVIHUHQFLDGH LQIRUPDFLyQ − 7HPD/DLPSOHPHQWDFLyQGHOPpWRGR/($'(5'RQGHVHHYDO~DHQTXp PHGLGD FRQWULEX\H HO HQIRTXH PXOWLVHFWRULDO \ ORV UHFXUVRV HQGyJHQRV DO GHVDUUROORGHODV]RQDVUXUDOHV − 7HPD,PSDFWRV6LHQGRREMHWRGHHYDOXDFLyQHQTXpPHGLGD/($'(5 KD PHMRUDGR ODV RSRUWXQLGDGHV GH WUDEDMR SRQLHQGR HVSHFLDO DWHQFLyQ DO JHQHUDGRHQGHWHUPLQDGRVFROHFWLYRVPXMHUHV\MyYHQHV\FyPR/($'(5  KD FRQWULEXLGR D SURPRYHU OD HFRQRPtD PHMRUDU HO PHGLR DPELHQWH \ DXPHQWDUORVVHUYLFLRVVRFLDOHV − 7HPD  *REHUQDQ]D \ SREODFLyQ UXUDO 9DORUiQGRVH HQ TXp PHGLGD /($'(5KDPHMRUDGRODVFDSDFLGDGHVGHODJREHUQDQ]DORFDO VIII Jornadas de Investigación en Turismo 94 − 7HPD*HVWLyQFRQWURO\VLVWHPDGHILQDQFLDFLyQ6LHQGRREMHWRGHDQiOLVLV FyPRKDQLQFLGLGRODVOLPLWDFLRQHVTXHVHLPSXVLHURQHQODLQYHUVLyQSDUD IDYRUHFHU HO FRQFHSWR GH PXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDG \ HQ TXp KD FRQWULEXLGR /($'(5DODPHMRUDGHORVVLVWHPDVGHJHVWLyQFRQWURO\ILQDQFLDFLyQ − 7HPD6HJXLPLHQWR\HYDOXDFLyQ([DPLQiQGRVHHQTXpPHGLGDHOVLVWHPD GHVHJXLPLHQWRGHOSURJUDPD/($'(5KDVLGRUHOHYDQWHFRPSUHQVLEOH\ KDFRQWULEXLGRDPHMRUDUODVFDSDFLGDGHVHQHOSURFHVRGHHYDOXDFLyQ − 7HPD  /D DFWLYLGDG \ H[FHOHQFLD GH ODV DJUXSDFLRQHV UXUDOHV GRQGH VH GHVFULEHQ ORV FDVRV HMHPSODUHV DQDOL]DQGR FRPR VH KDQ GHVDUUROODGR ORV SUR\HFWRVHQORVTXHKDQDSOLFDGRHOPpWRGR/($'(5   (QHOFDPSRGHOWXULVPRODH[SRVLFLyQGHUHVXOWDGRVVHUHGXFHDODVH[SHULHQFLDV SDUWLFXODUHV GH  *$/ DQDOL]DGRV HQ SURIXQGLGDG %LHQ HV FLHUWR TXH HVWH DQiOLVLV SHUPLWHFRQRFHUEXHQDVSUiFWLFDVHQGLIHUHQWHViPELWRVFRPRSRUHMHPSORHODQiOLVLV GHODRFXSDFLyQKRWHOHUDHQHOGLVWULWRGH5RWKHQ$OHPDQLDLQGLFDGRUEiVLFRSDUDOD HYROXFLyQ GH OD DFWLYLGDG WXUtVWLFDV \ TXH QR VXHOH VHU PX\ XWLOL]DGR HQ ORV iPELWRV UXUDOHV GDGD OD HVFDVH] GH LQIRUPDFLyQ GLVSRQLEOH R OD LQWURGXFFLyQ GH HOHPHQWRV LQQRYDGRUHVHQODFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGHSURGXFWRVWXUtVWLFRVFRPRHQHO9DOOHGH-HUWH$ SHVDUGHHVWRVDQiOLVLVPiVGHWDOODGRVHQJHQHUDOODLQIRUPDFLyQGHWLSRFXDQWLWDWLYR UHJLVWUD XQ UHWURFHVR FRQ UHVSHFWR D OD GRFXPHQWDFLyQ HODERUDGD HQ /($'(5 , \ /($'(5,,7DOHVHOSXQWRTXHQRVHGLVSRQHGHQLQJ~QLQGLFDGRUItVLFRRGHLPSDFWR HQHOiPELWRWXUtVWLFRDQLYHOHXURSHRRDOPHQRVQRKDVLGRREMHWRGHDQiOLVLVHQOD HYDOXDFLyQILQDOGH/($'(53OXV  &RQ OD 5HIRUPD GH OD 3$& GH  VH FRQVROLGD HO GHVDFRSODPLHQWR GH ODV D\XGDVGLUHFWDVOLJDGDVDODSURGXFFLyQ\VHLQVWDXUDHOVLVWHPDGH3DJRÒQLFRGRQGH ORVDJULFXOWRUHVGHMDQGHSHUFLELUOLJDGDVDODSURGXFFLyQ&HMXGR\0DURWR(O QXHYR KRUL]RQWH QR HV GHPDVLDGR DOHQWDGRU SDUD HO DJULFXOWRU OD HQWUDGD GH QXHYRV SDtVHVGHOD(XURSD2ULHQWDOYHUiUHGXFLUORVIRQGRVGHVWLQDGRVD(VSDxD 3HULRGRVGHSURJUDPDFLyQ\  /D DSOLFDFLyQ GHO PpWRGR GH WUDEDMR /($'(5 HPSLH]D D FRQVLGHUDUVH SDUWH LQWUtQVHFDGHORVSURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROORUXUDOWUDVVXFRQVROLGDFLyQHQ/($'(53OXV 0$50  /DV FRQFOXVLRQHV REWHQLGDV HQ OD  &RQIHUHQFLD VREUH 'HVDUUROOR Impulso al Desarrollo Econónmico a través del Turismo 95 5XUDOFHOHEUDGDHQ6DO]EXUJRHQVHYHUiQUHIOHMDGDVHQHVWHSHULRGR2WUDFXHVWLyQ DFRQVLGHUDUDGLIHUHQFLDGHSHULRGRVDQWHULRUHVHVTXH(VSDxDYHUiPHUPDUORVIRQGRV UHFLELGRVHQXQ6iHQ]\&HMXGR(O5HJODPHQWR&(QGHO &RQVHMRGHOGHVHSWLHPEUHGHUHSUHVHQWDODSULQFLSDOQRUPDUHJXODGRUDGHODV D\XGDVDOGHVDUUROORUXUDOSDUDHOSHULRGRGHSURJUDPDFLyQ(QHOUHJODPHQWR TXHGDQUHFRJLGRVORVHMHVGHLQWHUYHQFLyQHVWRVVRQ  DXPHQWRGHODFRPSHWLWLYLGDGGHOVHFWRUDJUtFROD\IRUHVWDO  PHMRUDGHOPHGLRDPELHQWH\GHOHQWRUQRUXUDO  PHMRUDGHODFDOLGDGGHYLGDHQODV ]RQDV UXUDOHV \ GLYHUVLILFDFLyQ GH OD HFRQRPtD UXUDO $ VX YH] HVWH HMH GH PHGLGDV VH GLYLGH HQ D PHGLGDV DXVSLFLDGDV SDUD OD SUHVWDFLyQ GH VHUYLFLRV EiVLFRV SDUD OD HFRQRPtD \ OD SREODFLyQUXUDOEODUHQRYDFLyQ\HOGHVDUUROORGHSREODFLRQHVUXUDOHVFOD FRQVHUYDFLyQ\PHMRUDGHOSDWULPRQLRUXUDO3RU~OWLPRXQFDStWXORGHGLFDGR D OD GLYHUVLILFDFLyQ GH OD HFRQRPtD UXUDO HV HQ HVWH DSDUWDGR GRQGH VH FRQWHPSOD XQ VXEFDStWXOR GHGLFDGR DO IRPHQWR GH DFWLYLGDGHV WXUtVWLFDV &RPLVLyQGHODV&RPXQLGDGHV(XURSHDV   $SHVDUGHTXHQRHVWiSUHYLVWDODILQDOL]DFLyQGHODHYDOXDFLyQ³H[±SRVW´SDUD HVWH SHULRGR KDVWD HO  GH 'LFLHPEUH GH  H[LVWHQ QXPHURVRV DYDQFHV HQ HO GHVDUUROORGHODPHWRGRORJtDTXH YD D DGRSWDUVH $Vt VH GLVSRQH GHO GRFXPHQWR TXH VHUYLUi GH JXtD SDUD OD HODERUDFLyQ GH OD HYDOXDFLyQ ³H[±DQWH´ GHO 3URJUDPD GH 'HVDUUROOR 5XUDO  &RPXQLGDGHV (XURSHDV E (VWH GRFXPHQWR KD VHUYLGR SDUD YHULILFDU HQ TXp PHGLGD OD D\XGD GHO )($'(5 HV FRKHUHQWH FRQ ORV REMHWLYRVGHODFRKHVLyQHFRQyPLFD\VRFLDODGHPiVKDD\XGDGRDODDVLJQDFLyQySWLPD GHORVUHFXUVRVSUHVXSXHVWDULRV\ODVSULRULGDGHVHVWUDWpJLFDV(VWHGRFXPHQWRMXQWRD RWURV LQFOXLGRV HQ HO 0DUFR &RP~Q GH 6HJXLPLHQWR \ (YDOXDFLyQ 3URJUDPD GH 'HVDUUROOR5XUDOFRQIRUPDQORVLQVWUXPHQWRVHODERUDGRVSRUOD&RPLVLyQ (XURSHD \DFRUGDGRVFRQORV(VWDGRVPLHPEURVSDUDODVXSHUYLVLyQ \HYDOXDFLyQGHO 3URJUDPDGH'HVDUUROOR5XUDO$VLPLVPRFRPRHQSHULRGRVDQWHULRUHVVH KD HODERUDGR XQD JXtD ³'LUHFWULFHV SDUD OD HYDOXDFLyQ FRQWLQXD SURJUDPDV GH GHVDUUROOR UXUDO ± &RPXQLGDGHV (XURSHDV E TXH LQFOX\H ODV  0DUFR&RP~QGH(YDOXDFLyQ\6HJXLPLHQWRGHO3URJUDPDGH'HVDUUROOR5XUDO,QIRUPDFLyQGLVSRQLEOH HQKWWSHFHXURSDHXDJULFXOWXUHUXUGHYHYDOLQGH[BHQKWPDFFHVR9 VIII Jornadas de Investigación en Turismo 96 SUHJXQWDVFRPXQHVGHHYDOXDFLyQDODVTXHGHEHQUHVSRQGHUORV(VWDGRV0LHPEURVFRQ HOGLVHxRGHVXPHWRGRORJtD  /DVSUHJXQWDVJHQHUDOHVDODVTXHVHGHEHGDUUHVSXHVWDDOHStJUDIHIRPHQWRGH ODVDFWLYLGDGHVWXUtVWLFDVVRQ − ¢HQ TXp PHGLGD OD D\XGD KD FRQWULEXLGR D DXPHQWDU ODV DFWLYLGDGHV WXUtVWLFDV" 'LVWLQJXLHQGR HQWUH DFWLYLGDGHV TXH VH GHVDUUROODQ HQ ODV H[SORWDFLRQHVDJUtFRODV\RWUDVDFWLYLGDGHV − ¢(Q TXp PHGLGD ODV DFWLYLGDGHV WXUtVWLFDV KDQ IRPHQWDGR QXHYDV RSRUWXQLGDGHVGHHPSOHRHQODV]RQDVUXUDOHV" − ¢(QTXpPHGLGDHOWXULVPRKDFRQWULEXLGRDPHMRUDUODGLYHUVLILFDFLyQ\HO GHVDUUROORGHODHFRQRPtDUXUDO" − ¢(QTXpPHGLGDODD\XGDKDFRQWULEXLGRDPHMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHYLGDHQODV ]RQDVUXUDOHV"   $XQTXH HO SHULRGRGH SURJUDPDFLyQ  VHHQFXHQWUD D~Q HQXQDIDVH PX\ LQFLSLHQWH D QLYHO QDFLRQDO \D VH KD SXEOLFDGR XQ ERUUDGRU GH OR TXH VHUi OD HYDOXDFLyQ H[DQWH GHO SURJUDPD RSHUDWLYR SDUD HO SHULRGR GH SURJUDPDFLyQ  (QHOFDStWXORVHHVWDEOHFHQODVFXHVWLRQHVUHODWLYDVDOVLVWHPDGHHYDOXDFLyQ\ VHJXLPLHQWRSDUDHVWHSHULRGR(QHOPHQFLRQDGRFDStWXORVHSURSRQHQXQDVWDEODVGH LQGLFDGRUHVGHUHDOL]DFLyQGHSURGXFWLYLGDG\GHUHVXOWDGR7RGRVHOORVVHFHQWUDQHQ PHGLUHOLPSDFWRJHQHUDGRHQODDSOLFDFLyQGHOSURJUDPD6LQHPEDUJRQLQJXQRGHORV LQGLFDGRUHV SURSXHVWRV WLHQH HQ FRQVLGHUDFLyQ HO LPSDFWR TXH SXGLHUD JHQHUDU OD DFWLYLGDGWXUtVWLFD7DPELpQKD\TXHWHQHUHQFXHQWDSRUXQODGRTXHODYROXQWDGGH VLPSOLILFDUODVWDUHDVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDV\HVWDEOHFHUXQPDUFRFRP~QSDUDWRGRVORVIRQGRV HVWUXFWXUDOHV SXGLHUDQ FDXVDU XQ HIHFWR QHJDWLYR HQ HO FRQRFLPLHQWR GH OD HILFDFLD HIHFWLYLGDG \ UHSHUFXVLyQ GH OD XWLOL]DFLyQ GH FDGD IRQGR \ DXQ PiV HQ FRQRFHU HO LPSDFWRGHPHGLGDVWDQFRQFUHWDVFRPRSXGLHUDUHVXOWDUHOWXULVPRTXHUHTXLHUHGHXQ DQiOLVLVPiVSURIXQGR    ,QIRUPDFLyQGLVSRQLEOHHQKWWSZZZGJIFVJSJPHKHVVLWLRVGJIFHV (6LSUIFSS3URJB2SB3OXULUUHJLRQDOHV'RFXPHQWV(YDOBH[BDQWHB32&6SGIDFFHVR9 Impulso al Desarrollo Econónmico a través del Turismo 97 &216,'(5$&,21(6),1$/(6   &RPR VtQWHVLV GH ORV SURFHVRV DQDOL]DGRV HQ HO HStJUDIH DQWHULRU VH SRGUtD DILUPDUTXHODVHYDOXDFLRQHVHODERUDGDVSRUODVGLIHUHQWHVDGPLQLVWUDFLRQHVS~EOLFDVQR KDQ FRQVLGHUDGR VXILFLHQWHPHQWH ORV LPSDFWRV TXH OD DSOLFDFLyQ GH ORV SURJUDPDV JHQHUDQHQHOWHUULWRULR/DHYROXFLyQGHODHYDOXDFLyQHQODPHWRGRORJtDSURSXHVWDSRU OD&RPLVLyQ(XURSHDQRKDUHJLVWUDGRPXFKRVFDPELRVGXUDQWHORVGLIHUHQWHVSHULRGRV ELHQ HV FLHUWR TXH ODV HYDOXDFLRQHV SURSXHVWDV SRU ODV DGPLQLVWUDFLRQHV FRPSHWHQWHV GDQUHVSXHVWDDODPHGLFLyQ\FRPSUREDFLyQGHORVREMHWLYRVHVWUDWpJLFRVHXURSHRV(O LQWHUpVSRUFRQRFHUDORODUJRGHHVWRVDxRVHOLPSDFWRJHQHUDGRFRQODLPSODQWDFLyQ GH DFFLRQHV WXUtVWLFDV HQ HO PHGLR UXUDO KD VXIULGR XQ SURFHVR GH UHJUHVLyQ /D HYROXFLyQGHODVKHUUDPLHQWDV OOHYDGDV D FDER HQ OD HYDOXDFLyQ GH ORV SURJUDPDV GH GHVDUUROORUXUDOHQHOFDPSRGHOWXULVPRTXHGDUHFRJLGDHQODWDEOD  7DEOD (YROXFLyQ GH ODV HYDOXDFLRQHV H LQGLFDGRUHV OOHYDGRV D FDER HQ ORV SURJUDPDV GH GHVDUUROORUXUDOHQHOFDPSRGHOWXULVPRSRUSDUWHGHODVDGPLQLVWUDFLRQHVS~EOLFDV /($'(5,  ,QIRUPDFLyQ~QLFDPHQWHGHWLSRFXDQWLWDWLYR(QWUHYLVWDVUHDOL]DGDVD*$/HO GHOFyPSXWRWRWDOHXURSHR&ULWHULRV − 9ROXPHQGHODRIHUWDGHDORMDPLHQWR − 1~PHURGHHPSOHRVJHQHUDGRVHQWXULVPR\VXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV − &UHDFLyQ\PHMRUDGHHPSUHVDVWXUtVWLFDV /($'(5,,  $GHPiVGHORVLQGLFDGRUHVXWLOL]DGRVHQHOSHULRGRDQWHULRUGHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWD FXDOLWDWLYRVHHODERUDURQJXtDVPHWRGROyJLFDVUHODFLRQDGDVFRQHOVHFWRUWXUtVWLFR ,QFRUSRUDQORVVLJXLHQWHVHOHPHQWRV − (YDOXDUHOSRWHQFLDOWXUtVWLFRGHXQWHUULWRULR − *XtDV SDUD OD HODERUDFLyQ GH SURGXFWRV FRQFUHWRV 3XHVWD HQ YDORU GH VHQGHURV /($'(5  − 'HVDSDULFLyQ GHORV LQGLFDGRUHVXWLOL]DGRV HQ /($'(5 , \/($'(5 ,, 5RWXQGRUHWURFHVRHQODLQIRUPDFLyQFXDQWLWDWLYDFRQEDVHWXUtVWLFDHQORV LQIRUPHVHXURSHRV − $QiOLVLV FXDOLWDWLYR HQ SURIXQGLGDG GH  *$/ HQ HO iPELWR WXUtVWLFR D PRGRGHHMHPSOR  3'5  − $XPHQWRGHOQ~PHURGHLQGLFDGRUHVFRQEDVHWXUtVWLFDSURSXHVWRVSRUODV GLIHUHQWHVDGPLQLVWUDFLRQHVSXEOLFDV − 'LYHUVLGDG GH REMHWLYRV RSHUDWLYRV TXH KDFH GLItFLO FUHDU XQ VLVWHPD GH HYDOXDFLyQFRP~Q − ,QWURGXFFLyQGHQXHYRVLQGLFDGRUHVHQWXULVPR  (ODERUDFLyQSURSLD  VIII Jornadas de Investigación en Turismo 98  7HQLHQGRHQFXHQWDTXHHOSURJUDPD/($'(5UHSUHVHQWDHOPD\RUSURJUDPDGHO IRPHQWRGHOWXULVPRUXUDODQLYHOHXURSHR3DQ\LNHWDOODOLWHUDWXUDVREUHOD HYDOXDFLyQGHODVPHGLGDVOOHYDGDVDFDERHQHOFDPSRGHOWXULVPRUHVXOWDHVFDVD/DV SDUWLFXODULGDGHVGHORVSURSLRVSURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROORUXUDOXQLGRDODWUDQVYHUVDOLGDG GHODDFWLYLGDGWXUtVWLFDKDFHQTXHVHDGLItFLOVXPHGLFLyQ   +DVWD HO PRPHQWR ORV HQIRTXHV HYDOXDWLYRV HQ HO FDPSR GHO WXULVPR VH KDQ FHQWUDGR HQ FLIUDV %iVLFDPHQWH LQGLFDGRUHV GH LPSDFWR \ ILQDQFLHURV Q~PHUR GH HPSOHRVJHQHUDGRVHQWXULVPR\FUHDFLyQGHSOD]DVGHDORMDPLHQWR,QGLFDGRUHVTXHVL ELHQPLGHQODVDFFLRQHVGHVDUUROODGDVHQHOFDPSRGHOWXULVPRQRWLHQHQHQFXHQWDORV UHVXOWDGRV5HVXOWDGRVTXHFXDQWLILTXHQODHILFDFLDODHILFLHQFLD\ODUHQWDELOLGDGGHODV LQYHUVLRQHV (Q WXULVPR HVRV LQGLFDGRUHV VRQ EiVLFDPHQWH HO Q~PHUR GH OOHJDGDV GH WXULVWDV\VXVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVVRFLRGHPRJUiILFDVRFXSDFLyQKRWHOHUDRJDVWRPHGLRSRU WXULVWD/DLQH[LVWHQFLDGHHVWHWLSR GHLQGLFDGRUHVFRQGDWRVUHODWLYRVDOD GHPDQGD GLILFXOWDODDSOLFDFLyQGHPpWRGRVGHDQiOLVLVH[SHULPHQWDOHVGHFDXVDFLyQ7DPSRFR SDUHFHUD]RQDEOHMXVWLILFDUODLQH[LVWHQFLDGHHVWHWLSRGHLQGLFDGRUHVWXUtVWLFRVHQORV iPELWRVUXUDOHVDODOWRFRVWHTXHFRQOOHYDVXHODERUDFLyQ\DTXHORV*$/GHQWURGHORV SURSLRV SURJUDPDV GH GHVDUUROOR UXUDO FXHQWDQ FRQ XQD GRWDFLyQ HFRQyPLFD SDUD OD HODERUDFLyQ GH HVWH WLSR GH HVWXGLRV \ PiV WHQLHQGR HQ FXHQWD TXH HVRV LQGLFDGRUHV HVWDEDQLQFOXLGRVHQODV'LUHFWULFHVGH(YDOXDFLyQGHOD8QLyQ(XURSHD   $HVWRVLQFRQYHQLHQWHVODKRUDGHDQDOL]DU\HYDOXDUORVSURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROOR UXUDOKDEUtDTXHDxDGLUODSURSLDPRUIRORJtD\QDWXUDOH]DGHORVSODQHVGHGHVDUUROOR UXUDO3XHVWRTXHSRUXQODGROD&RPLVLyQ(XURSHDSURSXJQDTXHHOp[LWRGHODSXHVWD HQPDUFKDGHORVSURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROORUXUDOGHSHQGHHQJUDQPHGLGDGHODDSOLFDFLyQ GH ORV SULQFLSLRV GH OD PHWRGRORJtD /($'(5 D VDEHU HQIRTXH DVFHQGHQWH FDUiFWHU PXOWLVHFWRULDO H LQWHJUDGRU DFFLRQHV LQQRYDGRUDV HQIRTXH ORFDO 3ULQFLSLRV TXH VH SRGUtDQGHILQLUFRPRVXEMHWLYRVHLQWDQJLEOHV$SHVDUGHODUHLWHUDFLyQSRUSDUWHGHOD &RPLVLyQ(XURSHDSRUYDOLGDUHOPpWRGR/($'(5QRVRQIUHFXHQWHVORVDQiOLVLVTXH DERUGHQGHVGHORVHFWRULDOODVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDVLQWUtQVHFDVGHODPHWRGRORJtD/($'(5 (YDOXDFLRQHV TXH DQDOLFHQ OD LPSOLFDFLyQ TXH WLHQH OD DFWLYLGDG WXUtVWLFD HQ OD FRQILJXUDFLyQGHOSDUWHQDULDGRFyPRVHKDLQWURGXFLGRODLQQRYDFLyQHQORVSUR\HFWRV WXUtVWLFRVTXpVLQHUJLDVVHKDQJHQHUDGRHQODSXHVWDHQPDUFKDGHSUR\HFWRVWXUtVWLFRV FRQMXQWRVHQWUHGLVWLQWRV*$/DWUDYpVGHODFRRSHUDFLyQTXpSDSHOMXHJDHOWXULVPRHQ Impulso al Desarrollo Econónmico a través del Turismo 99 HOSURFHVRGHLGHQWLGDGORFDORFXiOHVVRQODVFRUUHODFLRQHV\VLQHUJLDVTXHVHSURGXFHQ GHULYDGDVGHOFDUiFWHULQWHJUDGRU\ODPXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDGGHODVDFFLRQHVGHVDUUROODGDV QRVXHOHQVHUIUHFXHQWHV6LQHUJLDV\EHQHILFLRVTXHDYHFHVHVFDSDQGHOiPELWRWXUtVWLFR GHELGRDOFDUiFWHUWUDQVYHUVDO \SRUHVWDULQFOXLGRVHQRWURVFDStWXORVGHLQWHUYHQFLyQ FRPR SXHGH VHU OD UHKDELOLWDFLyQ GHO SDWULPRQLR HO IRPHQWR GH OD DUWHVDQtD R OD YDORUDFLyQGHSURGXFWRVDJURDOLPHQWDULRVDFWLYLGDGHVTXHDVXYH]VHUHWURDOLPHQWDQGHO WXULVPR   +DVWD DKRUD OD PD\RUtD GH ORV HQIRTXHV KDQ DERUGDGR HO SUREOHPD GH LQYHVWLJDFLyQGHVGHORJOREDOFRQVLGHUDQGRDOWXULVPRODDUWHVDQtDODIRUPDFLyQROD YDORUL]DFLyQ\FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQGHSURGXFWRVDJUDULRVFRPRDFFLRQHVFDSDFHVGHDWDMDU ORVSUREOHPDVTXHDFRQWHFHQDOPXQGRUXUDO3HURVLHPSUHFRQVLGHUiQGRORVFRPRXQ PHURFDPLQRSDUDODFRQVHFXFLyQGHORVREMHWLYRVHVWUXFWXUDOHVHXURSHRV(QFDPELR HVWDVDFFLRQHVFRPRSXHGHVHUHOWXULVPRHQSRFDVRFDVLRQHVKDQVLGRFRQVLGHUDGDV FRPRSURFHVRVHVWUDWpJLFRVLQGHSHQGLHQWHV   $GHPiVHVWHWLSRGHHYDOXDFLRQHVQRWLHQHQVXILFLHQWHPHQWHHQFRQVLGHUDFLyQOD IDVHGHOFLFORGHOSURGXFWRWXUtVWLFRHQODTXHVHHQFXHQWUDHOGHVWLQRUXUDODIHFWDGR'H KHFKR HQ DOJXQDV FRPDUFDV QL VLTXLHUD VH WLHQH XQD YLVLyQ GH GHVWLQR WXUtVWLFR FRPDUFDOQLXQDPDUFDWXUtVWLFDTXHDJOXWLQHDWRGRVORVPXQLFLSLRVDGVFULWRVDXQ*$/ \TXHUHSUHVHQWHODEDVHGHOSURFHVRSODQLILFDGRUHQHOiPELWRWXUtVWLFR+DEUtDTXHWHQHU HQ FXHQWD TXH ORV GLIHUHQWHV PXQLFLSLRV TXH FRQIRUPDQ XQ *$/ SXGLHUDQ WHQHU GLVHxDGDVHQHOPHMRUGHORVFDVRVVXVSURSLDVSROtWLFDVWXUtVWLFDV3ROtWLFDVWXUtVWLFDV TXHSXHGHQFRLQFLGLURQRODVFRQODVSROtWLFDVFRPDUFDOHV7DPELpQSXGLHUDGDUVHOD VLWXDFLyQ FRQWUDULD PXQLFLSLRV GH UHGXFLGR WDPDxR \ FRQ HVFDVD H[SHULHQFLD HQ OD JHVWLyQ\SODQLILFDFLyQWXUtVWLFDGRQGHODDSOLFDFLyQGHORVSURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROORUXUDO SXGLHUDQUHSUHVHQWDUOD~QLFDLQLFLDWLYDHQPDWHULDWXUtVWLFD1RVHGHEHREYLDUTXHORV *$/QRVRQHQWLGDGHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDVVLQRDVRFLDFLRQHVS~EOLFRSULYDGDVHQFDUJDGRV GHJHVWLRQDUORVIRQGRVGHORVSURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROORUXUDO$HVWDVGLILFXOWDGHVKDEUtD TXHVXPDUHOWLHPSRQHFHVDULRSDUDTXHH[LVWDQUHODFLRQHVFDXVDHIHFWRHVGHFLUFXiQWR WLHPSRHVQHFHVDULRSDUDSRGHUGHVDUUROODUXQSODQGHGHVDUUROORUXUDO \TXHHVWHVHD HILFD]\FXDQWRWLHPSRKD\TXHHVSHUDUSDUDPHGLU\HYDOXDUODHILFDFLDGHXQSODQ   VIII Jornadas de Investigación en Turismo 100  (QIXWXURVHQIRTXHVHYDOXDWLYRVGHEHUtDQVHUWHQLGRVHQFXHQWDIDFWRUHVH[WHUQRV TXHSURSLFLDQODDIOXHQFLDGHWXUtVWLFDVFRPRVRQODH[LVWHQFLDGHSURGXFWRVWXUtVWLFRV DWUDFWLYRV\GLIHUHQFLDGRVODSUR[LPLGDGHQWLHPSR\FRVWHGHORVPHUFDGRVHPLVRUHVOD H[LVWHQFLDGHXQDRIHUWDFRPSOHPHQWDULDFRPSHWLWLYDODDSOLFDFLyQGHRWURVSURJUDPDV GHIRPHQWRGHODDFWLYLGDGWXUtVWLFDFRPRSXHGHQVHUORV3ODQHVGH'LQDPL]DFLyQGHO 3URGXFWR 7XUtVWLFR 3'37 1R VH GHEH REYLDU TXH ORV SURJUDPDV /($'(5 VROR UHSUHVHQWDXQHOHPHQWRGLQDPL]DGRUSDUDHOGHVDUUROORWXUtVWLFRGHODV]RQDVUXUDOHV\ DWULEXLU ORV HIHFWRV SURGXFLGRV FRPR FRQVHFXHQFLD GHO FUHFLPLHQWR HFRQyPLFR ~QLFDPHQWHDODLPSODQWDFLyQGHXQSODQGHGHVDUUROORUXUDOVHUtDXQHUURU  Impulso al Desarrollo Econónmico a través del Turismo 101 %,%/,2*5$)Ë$  %/$1&23257,//25<%(1$<$6'(/È/$02-³(OWXULVPRFRPR PRWRUGHGHVDUUROORUXUDO$QiOLVLVGHORVSUR\HFWRVGHWXULVPRVXEYHQFLRQDGRV SRUOHDGHU,´5HYLVWDGH(VWXGLRV$JURVRFLDOHV1SSSS &(-8'2 *$5&Ë$ ( < 0$5272 0$5726 -  ³/DUHIRUPDGHOD3$&  GHVDFRSODPLHQWR FRQGLFLRQDOLGDG PRGXODFLyQ GHVDUUROOR UXUDO´ 6FULSWDQRYD 5HYLVWDHOHFWUyQLFDGHJHRJUDItD\FLHQFLDVVRFLDOHV9RO1GLVSRQLEOH HQKWWSZZZXEHGXJHRFULWVQVQKWP &20,6,Ï1 '( /$6 &2081,'$'(6 (8523($6 ³(O IXWXUR GHO PXQGR UXUDO%ROHWtQGHODV&RPXQLGDGHV(XURSHDV6XSOHPHQWR &2081,'$'(6(8523($6³*XLGHOLQHV IRU WKH H[ SRVW HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH /($'(5,,&RPPXQLW\,QLWLDWLYH´'LUHFFLyQ*HQHUDOGH$JULFXOWXUD%UXVHODV 'LVSRQLEOHHQKWWSHFHXURSDHXDJULFXOWXUHHYDOOHDGHUHQSGI  &2081,'$'(6(8523($6³*XLGHOLQHVIRUWKH(YDOXDWLRQRI/($'(5 3URJUDPPHV´  'LUHFFLyQ *HQHUDO GH $JULFXOWXUD %UXVHODV '2& 67$5 9,  5(9 'LVSRQLEOH HQ KWWSHFHXURSDHXDJULFXOWXUHUXUOHDGHUSOXVSGIOLEUDU\HYDOXDWLRQVHYDOBHVSG I &2081,'$'(6 (8523($6 D ³(O (QIRTXH /($'(5 *XtD %iVLFD´ 'LVSRQLEOHHQKWWSHFHXURSDHXDJULFXOWXUHSXEOLIDFWOHDGHUBHVSGI &2081,'$'(6 (8523($6 E ³([DQWH (YDOXDWLRQ *XLGHOLQHV LQFOXGLQJ 6WUDWHJLF (QYLURQPHQWDO $VVHVVPHQW´ 'LUHFFLyQ *HQHUDO GH $JULFXOWXUD \ 'HVDUUROORUXUDO&RPLVLyQ(XURSHD'RFXPHQWRGHWUDEDMR$*5, (675$'2& 'LVSRQLEOH HQ KWWSHFHXURSDHXDJULFXOWXUHUXUGHYHYDOJXLGDQFHQRWHBFBHQSGI &2081,'$'(6(8523($6³([SRVWHYDOXDWLRQRI/($'(5´'LUHFFLyQ *HQHUDO GH $JULFXOWXUD %UXVHODV 'LVSRQLEOH HQ KWWSHFHXURSDHXDJULFXOWXUHHYDOUHSRUWVOHDGHUSOXVH[SRVWIXOOWH[WBHQSGI '(/*$'205$026(\3(75(/$1XHYDVWHQGHQFLDVHQHYDOXDFLyQ GH SURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROORUXUDOWHUULWRULDOXQSURFHVRGHDXWRHYDOXDFLyQ HQ HO $OWLSODQR GH *UDQDGD 5HYLVWD (VSDxROD GH (VWXGLRV $JURVRFLDOHV \ 3HVTXHURV1SSSS (63$5&,$3e5(=-³/DFRQVROLGDFLyQGHXQPRGHORYDORUDFLyQ\EDODQFH GH/($'(5,,´$FWXDOLGDG/HDGHU5HYLVWDGHGHVDUUROORUXUDO1SSSS  VIII Jornadas de Investigación en Turismo 102 *$5&Ë$52'5,*8(=-)(%/(65$0,5(=0)\=$3$7$+(51È1(=9 0³/DLQLFLDWLYD/($'(5HQ(VSDxD´%ROHWtQGHOD$*(1SS SS 0,1,67(5,2'(0(',2$0%,(17(< 0(',2585$/<0$5,7,02 ³/HDGHUHQ(VSDxD8QDFRQWULEXFLyQDFWLYDDOGHVDUUROORUXUDO´ GLVSRQLEOH HQ KWWSZZZPDJUDPDJREHVHVGHVDUUROOR UXUDOSXEOLFDFLRQHVSXEOLFDFLRQHVGHGHVDUUROOR UXUDO,1)250(B/($'(5BWFPSGI 0$6627 0$57Ë $  ³+DFLD XQD SROtWLFD UXUDO LQWHJUDGD HQ XQD (XURSD DELHUWD´5HYLVWDHVSDxRODGHHFRQRPtDDJUDULD1SSSS 1$9$5529$/9(5'()$&(-8'2*$5&Ë$(<0$52720$5726-& ³$SRUWDFLRQHVDODHYDOXDFLyQGHORVSURJUDPDVGHGHVDUUROORUXUDO´ %ROHWtQGHOD$VRFLDFLyQGH*HyJUDIRV(VSDxROHV1SSSS 2%6(59$725,2 (8523(2 /($'(5  ³ DFFLRQHV GH FRRSHUDFLyQ WUDQVQDFLRQDO /($'(5 ,,´ ,QIR /($'(5 0DU]R  GLVSRQLEOH HQ KWWSHFHXURSDHXDJULFXOWXUHUXUOHDGHULQIROHDGLOHVSGI 3$1<,.(&267$&<5È7=7,PSOHPHQWLQJLQWHJUDWHGUXUDOWRXULVP $QHYHQWEDVHGDSSURDFK 7RXULVP 0DQDJHPHQW 9RO 1 SSSS   6È(1=/25,7(0\&(-8'2*$5&Ë$(/DSROtWLFDGHGHVDUUROORUXUDO GHOD8QLyQ(XURSHDSDUD,QYHVWLJDFLRQHV*HRJUiILFDV1SS SS 6(,%(572$QiOLVLVGHFXHOORGHERWHOOD8QPpWRGRSDUDODHYDOXDFLyQ\ YDORUDFLyQ GH ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV FXDOLWDWLYDV GH GHVDUUROOR UXUDO6HPLQDULR 0HMRUDU OD FDOLGDG GH ODV HYDOXDFLRQHV /($'(5 ,, 2EVHUYDWRULR (XURSHR /($'(5 %UXVHODV LQIRUPDFLyQ GLVSRQLEOH HQ http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/rur/leader2/forum/docs_evaluation/seibert_es.pdf  7+,5,21 6  (O PpWRGR 6$3 HQ 3RUWXJDO 6LVWHPDV GH DXWRHYDOXDFLyQ SDUWLFLSDWLYD6HPLQDULR0HMRUDUODFDOLGDGGHODVHYDOXDFLRQHV/($'(5,, 2EVHUYDWRULR (XURSHR /($'(5 %UXVHODV ,QIRUPDFLyQ GLVSRQLEOH HQ KWWSHFHXURSDHXDJULFXOWXUHUXUOHDGHUIRUXPGRFVBHYDOXDWLRQWKLULRQBHVSGI  9,/$'20,8/\526(//-(YDOXDQGRSROtWLFDVSURJUDPDV\DFWXDFLRQHV GHGHVDUUROORUXUDO(FRQRPtDDJUDULD1SSSS =,00(53\*5$660$116³(YDOXDWLQJDWHUULWRU\¶VWRXULVWLFSRWHQWLDO´ 2EVHUYDWRULR (XURSHR /($'(5 $(,'/ %UXVHODV &RPLVLyQ (XURSHD 'LVSRQLEOH HQKWWSHFHXURSDHXDJULFXOWXUHUXUOHDGHUUXUDOHQELEOLRWRXULVPHWKRSGI     Impulso al Desarrollo Econónmico a través del Turismo 103