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ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS
SBORNÍK MENDELOVY ZEMĚDĚLSKÉ A LESNICKÉ UNIVERZITY V BRNĚ
Volume LVII 16 Numbe 2, 2009
IMPACT OF HYPERPROLIFIC LINE ON
LITTER SIZE IN MULTIPLICATION HERD
Z. T doň, P. Humpolíček
Recei ed: Janua y 8, 2009
Abs ac
TVRDOŇ, Z., HUMPOLÍČEK, P.: Impac i hype p olifi c line o li e size in mul iplica ion he d. Ac a uni . ag-
ic. e sil ic. Mendel. B un., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 00–00
The hype p olifi c line is conside ed o be maximally eff ec i e in pu sui o p og ess in sow’s ep o-
duc ion. Hype p olifi c line effi ciency is commonly e alua ed in ega d o b eeding he d p og ess.
We decided o s udy how eff ec i e i is wi h espec o inc easing o li e size in mul iplica ion he d.
Ou s udy is specifi c by using he da a om p ac ice, conc e ely i is based on he in o ma ion abou
he ances o o sows in mul iplica ion he d. The ances o s could be he membe ei he hype p olifi c
line o no mal line. The in o ma ion abou pe o mances o sows b eed in mul iplica ion he d was
known. The mixed linea models in SAS o Windows 9.1.2. we e conduc ed o s a is ical analysis.
Ou esul s indica ed ha no signifi can eff ec on li e size was achie ed by selec ion c i e ia used in
he hype p olifi c line c ea ion. In s udied popula ion no diff e ences be ween TNB, NBA o NW we e
ound on he 1s as well as on he 1s –5 h li e s. As we ha e men ioned abo e, he s udy is specifi c by us-
ing he da a om p ac ice. The e o e he s udied popula ion size is limi ed. I is necessa y o ake in o
conside a ion when he esul s a e applied. Ne e heless, he esul s shown ha o he s udies wi h
la ge popula ion should be done o ee alua e he selec ion c i e ia.
pigs, selec ion, ep oduc ion, hype p olifi c line
The inc easing o ep oduc ion, pa icula ly in-
c easing o he li e size, by means o con en ional
b eeding me hods as well as mode n me hods based
on he molecula gene ics has no desi ed eff ec . I is
caused mainly by he low he i abili y and no achie -
ing o in ense selec ion in p ac ice as well as com-
plexi y o ep oduc ion (Ro hschild and Bidanel,
1998). Recen ly, he c ea ion o hype p olifi c line
combined wi h he selec ion based on he e alua-
ion o b eeding alue is belie ed o be e y eff ec-
i e. In sows, he success o di ec selec ion based
on he e alua ion o b eeding alue on li e size has
been confi med o ins ance by Holl and Robinson
(2003). In ecen yea s, he la ge numbe o s udies
on QTL and gene ma ke s infl uencing he ep oduc-
ion was ca ied ou . P og ess in QTL mapping and
gene ma ke s´ s udy is pu eyed in publica ion o
Ro hschild e al. (2007). The objec i e o his s udy
was o es ima e he eff ec o c ea ion o hype p o-
lifi c line in b eeding he d on he li e size o sows in
mul iplica ion he d.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Popula ion and Da a Collec ions
The s udy is based on he da a collec ed om
he b eeding he d and mainly om comme cial
mul iplica ion he d. F om b eeding he d he in-
o ma ion abou he ances o membe ship in hy-
pe p olifi c line we e known. S udied popula ion
consis s o 176 pu eb ed Czech La ge Whi e sows
o igina ed om one b eeding he d om which hey
we e mo ed a age o 6 mon hs o one mul iplica ion
he d. All sows included in he s udy we e b eed un-
de he same li ing and b eeding condi ions. The an-
ces o s o his sows could be he membe ei he hy-
pe p olifi c line o no mal line. The da a abou hei
pe o mance we e collec ed du ing las fi  h seasons.
As he li e size is conside ed as mos impo an ai
in Czech La ge Whi e sows, we ocused on he o al
numbe o pigle s bo n (TNB) defi ned as he num-
be o all ully o med e uses expelled a a owing,
dead o ali e; numbe o pigle s bo n ali e (NBA) de-
fi ned as he numbe o pigle s ali e immedia ely a -
2 Z. T doň, P. Humpolíček
e bi h and by he numbe o pigle s weaned (NW)
defi ned as he numbe o pigle s a ailable on he day
pos weaning.
Animal Managemen
All sows included in he s udy we e b eed unde
he same li ing condi ions. The insemina ions we e
pe o med in he indi idual pen (1.47 m2). When
he s anding efl ex became qui , he sows we e
mo ed o he na u ally en ila ed house in ange o 8
o 4 sows pe pen (1.2 m2). In hese g oups, he sows
we e ea ed un il 10 days be o e he supposed pa -
u i ion day. To pa u i ion, he s ab lings o 2.1 m
leng h and 0.7 m wid h (30 cm a ea o pigle s we e
sepa a ed on bo h side) wi h hea ed ma ess (33 °C)
we e in end. Only he o al insemina ions in he he d
we e pe o med. The insemina ions we e ca ied
ou wice a day wi h 10 hou s in e al / in e als al-
ways wi h a endance o he boa .
S a is ical Analyses
The mixed linea models, in SAS o Windows
9.1.2. we e conduc ed o es ima e he diff e ences. In-
dependen analyses in he 1s and in he 1s –5 h li e
independen ly we e ca ied ou o each o s udied
ai . To ge he mos app op ia e model he ollow-
ing ac o s we e used: he affi lia ion o he ances o
o he hype p olifi c o no mal line; he yea and sea-
son o li e ; ype o ma ing – na u al ma ing o a i-
fi cial insemina ion; and he o de o li e . The boa s
we e used as he andom eff ec s. Fu he mo e,
he back- a hickness and age a fi s a owing was
included as linea eg ession in some models. Indi-
idual models a e defi ned in he able I.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Al hough he eno mous ad ances in lean g ow h
ai s has almos achie ed an op imal poin (Webb,
1998) he de elopmen in li e size ha e no eached
he desi ed le el. I is due o li e size is quan i a i e
ai s con olled by se e al genes, along wi h en i-
onmen al ac o s, and he co ela ions be ween
hem. Al hough gene ally he low esponse on
he selec ion on he li e size is conside ed, he e-
sul s o some s udies show conside able li e size
inc easing as an ou come o selec ion (Lambe son
e al., 1991; Johnson e al., 1999; Bole e al., 2001
and Robinson, 2003). Based on he expe ience om
o he coun ies, he hype p olifi c line seemed o be
p omising me hod o li e size inc easing. The goal
o a e s udy was o e alua e i he hype p olifi c line
c ea ion ha e desi ed eff ec no only in b eeding
he d bu in mul iplica ion he d so. Ou assump ion
was ha descenden s o hype p olifi c sows should
ha e highe numbe o pigle s pe pa u i ion. This
is in acco ding wi h b eeding goal o hype p olifi c
line which is p ima ily ocused on he li e size, ea
numbe and a e age daily gain. In con as o ou
assump ion no conside able eff ec was obse ed in
ou popula ion. No diff e ences be ween TNB, NBA
o NW we e ound on he 1s as well as on he 1s –
5 h li e s (Table II). When ou esul s a e assessed
he small numbe o sows included in he s udy is
necessa y o ake in o accoun . I can nega i ely bias
he esul s. On he o he hand he esul s ou lined
ha he b eeding goal o hype p olifi c line should
be ee alua e in con ex o esul s in mul iplica ion
he ds. In las decade many s udies abou he possi-
ble inco po a ion o molecula da a in o b eeding
scheme o specifi cally in o selec ion c i e ia we e
published. Since he eff ec s o gene ma ke s ob-
se ed in b eeding he d o some special c ossb eed-
ing popula ions should no co espond o eff ec s in
comme cial he d, he special s udies on his should
be pe o med.
I: Specifi ca ion o used models
Li e s Line YS Ma OL AFF Boa BF
TNB 1s FFF-LR-
1s –5 h FFFFLR-
NBA 1s FFF-LR-
1s –5 h FFFFLR-
NW 1s FFF- -RL
1s –5 h FFFF-R-
F – fi xed eff ec
R – andom eff ec
L – linea eg ession
TNB – o al pigle s bo n
NBA – pigle s bo n ali e
NW – numbe o pigle s weaned
LINE – HP o N line
YS – yea and season o li e
MAT – ma ing o a ifi cial insemina ion
OL – o de li e
AFF – age a fi s a owing
DAM – dam o sows
SIRE – si e o sows
BOAR – ma ing boa
BF – back- a hickness
Impac o hype p olifi c line on li e size in mul iplica ion he d 3
II: Diff e ences o li e size be ween he sows wi h ances o o igina ed om hype p olifi c line (HP) and no mal line (N)
NHP
1s li e s
TNB 10.88 ± 0.49 11.69 ± 0.61
NBA 10.22 ± 0.48 10.97 ± 0.58
NW 10.02 ± 0.29 10.21 ± 0.31
1s –5 h li e s
TNB 12.39 ± 0.38 12.41 ± 0.41
NBA 11.79 ± 0.36 11.91 ± 0.38
NW 10.42 ± 0.29 10.61 ± 0.31
No e: TNB – o al numbe o pigle s bo n; NBA – numbe o pigle s bo n ali e, NW – numbe o pigle s
weaned; Values wi h he diff e en supe sc ip s show signifi cance le el wi hin ows: P ≤ 0.01 (A, B); P ≤
0.1 (*, **).
IMPLICATIONS
The aim o ou s udy was o ound he eal impac
o hype p olifi c line selec ion on he li e size in
mul iplica ion he d. The s udy was pe o med un-
de he comme cial condi ions and he esul s ou -
lined he use ulness o c ea ion o hype p olifi c line.
The esul s o ou s udy indica e ha majo accen
should be pu on he p olifi cacy, mainly on he li -
e size. O he wise he emphasis aimed o imp o e
he p oduc ion ai s should be lesse .
SOUHRN
Vli o by supe plodných linií na elikos hu ozmnožo acích cho ech
Využi í supe plodných linií je posledních le ech po ažo áno za ysoce e ek i ní možnos z yšo á-
ní ep odukčních pa ame ů p asnic. Vě šina p ací se šak zabý á jejich z ahem k ep odukci přímo
e šlech i elských cho ech. Velkým přínosem naší p áce je s udium dopadu o by supe plodných
linií na uži ko os ozmnožo acích cho ech, k e é jsou důleži ou součás í p odukčního sys ému
ČR. Do s udie byly zah nu y in o mace o uži ko os i p asnic ozmnožo acích cho ech a jejich
ma ek cho ech šlech i elských s přihlédnu ím k zařazení do supe plodné linie. K yhodnocení li-
u supe plodné linie jsme yužili smíšený lineá ní model. Výpoče byl p o eden p og amu SAS o
Windows, e ze 9.1.2. Žádný s a is icky ýznamný ozdíl nebyl nalezen u žádného ze s udo aných
ep odukčních ukaza elů. Při yhodnocení je nu né mí na zře eli ela i ně nízký poče jedinců zah -
nu ých e s udii. I přes nep ůkaznos nalezených ozdílů po ažujeme za důleži é, aby na u o p áci
na ázali další p áce, k e é budou zah no a ě ší poče jedinců a íce s udo aných znaků. Za splně-
ní ěch o podmínek bude možné pos ihnou komplexnos z ahů mezi jedno li ými p odukčními
znaky.
selekce, ep odukce, supe plodná linie.
This s udy was suppo ed by he Resea ch plan No. QH 71284 and MSM7088352101.
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4 Z. T doň, P. Humpolíček
Add ess
Ing. Zdenek T doň Ph.D., NAVOS, a. s., Čelako ského 1858, 767 16 K oměříž, Ing. Pe Humpolíček Ph.D.,
Ús a apliko aného ýzkumu, Uni e zi ní ins i u , Uni e zi a Tomáše Ba i e Zlíně, Nad O čí nou 3685,
760 01 Zlín, Česká epublika, e-mail: [email p o ec ed].cz