Impact of hyperprolific line on litter size in multiplication herd

1 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS SBORNÍK MENDELOVY ZEMĚDĚLSKÉ A LESNICKÉ UNIVERZITY V BRNĚ Volume LVII 16 Numbe 2, 2009 IMPACT OF HYPERPROLIFIC LINE ON LITTER SIZE IN MULTIPLICATION HERD Z. T doň, P. Humpolíček Recei ed: Janua y 8, 2009 Abs ac TVRDOŇ, Z., HUMPOLÍČEK, P.: Impac i hype p olifi c line o li e size in mul iplica ion he d. Ac a uni . ag- ic. e sil ic. Mendel. B un., 2009, LVII, No. 2, pp. 00–00 The hype p olifi c line is conside ed o be maximally eff ec i e in pu sui o p og ess in sow’s ep o- duc ion. Hype p olifi c line effi ciency is commonly e alua ed in ega d o b eeding he d p og ess. We decided o s udy how eff ec i e i is wi h espec o inc easing o li e size in mul iplica ion he d. Ou s udy is specifi c by using he da a om p ac ice, conc e ely i is based on he in o ma ion abou he ances o o sows in mul iplica ion he d. The ances o s could be he membe ei he hype p olifi c line o no mal line. The in o ma ion abou pe o mances o sows b eed in mul iplica ion he d was known. The mixed linea models in SAS o Windows 9.1.2. we e conduc ed o s a is ical analysis. Ou esul s indica ed ha no signifi can eff ec on li e size was achie ed by selec ion c i e ia used in he hype p olifi c line c ea ion. In s udied popula ion no diff e ences be ween TNB, NBA o NW we e ound on he 1s as well as on he 1s –5 h li e s. As we ha e men ioned abo e, he s udy is specifi c by us- ing he da a om p ac ice. The e o e he s udied popula ion size is limi ed. I is necessa y o ake in o conside a ion when he esul s a e applied. Ne e heless, he esul s shown ha o he s udies wi h la ge popula ion should be done o ee alua e he selec ion c i e ia. pigs, selec ion, ep oduc ion, hype p olifi c line The inc easing o ep oduc ion, pa icula ly in- c easing o he li e size, by means o con en ional b eeding me hods as well as mode n me hods based on he molecula gene ics has no desi ed eff ec . I is caused mainly by he low he i abili y and no achie - ing o in ense selec ion in p ac ice as well as com- plexi y o ep oduc ion (Ro hschild and Bidanel, 1998). Recen ly, he c ea ion o hype p olifi c line combined wi h he selec ion based on he e alua- ion o b eeding alue is belie ed o be e y eff ec- i e. In sows, he success o di ec selec ion based on he e alua ion o b eeding alue on li e size has been confi med o ins ance by Holl and Robinson (2003). In ecen yea s, he la ge numbe o s udies on QTL and gene ma ke s infl uencing he ep oduc- ion was ca ied ou . P og ess in QTL mapping and gene ma ke s´ s udy is pu eyed in publica ion o Ro hschild e al. (2007). The objec i e o his s udy was o es ima e he eff ec o c ea ion o hype p o- lifi c line in b eeding he d on he li e size o sows in mul iplica ion he d. MATERIALS AND METHODS Popula ion and Da a Collec ions The s udy is based on he da a collec ed om he b eeding he d and mainly om comme cial mul iplica ion he d. F om b eeding he d he in- o ma ion abou he ances o membe ship in hy- pe p olifi c line we e known. S udied popula ion consis s o 176 pu eb ed Czech La ge Whi e sows o igina ed om one b eeding he d om which hey we e mo ed a age o 6 mon hs o one mul iplica ion he d. All sows included in he s udy we e b eed un- de he same li ing and b eeding condi ions. The an- ces o s o his sows could be he membe ei he hy- pe p olifi c line o no mal line. The da a abou hei pe o mance we e collec ed du ing las fi  h seasons. As he li e size is conside ed as mos impo an ai in Czech La ge Whi e sows, we ocused on he o al numbe o pigle s bo n (TNB) defi ned as he num- be o all ully o med e uses expelled a a owing, dead o ali e; numbe o pigle s bo n ali e (NBA) de- fi ned as he numbe o pigle s ali e immedia ely a - 2 Z. T doň, P. Humpolíček e bi h and by he numbe o pigle s weaned (NW) defi ned as he numbe o pigle s a ailable on he day pos weaning. Animal Managemen All sows included in he s udy we e b eed unde he same li ing condi ions. The insemina ions we e pe o med in he indi idual pen (1.47 m2). When he s anding efl ex became qui , he sows we e mo ed o he na u ally en ila ed house in ange o 8 o 4 sows pe pen (1.2 m2). In hese g oups, he sows we e ea ed un il 10 days be o e he supposed pa - u i ion day. To pa u i ion, he s ab lings o 2.1 m leng h and 0.7 m wid h (30 cm a ea o pigle s we e sepa a ed on bo h side) wi h hea ed ma ess (33 °C) we e in end. Only he o al insemina ions in he he d we e pe o med. The insemina ions we e ca ied ou wice a day wi h 10 hou s in e al / in e als al- ways wi h a endance o he boa . S a is ical Analyses The mixed linea models, in SAS o Windows 9.1.2. we e conduc ed o es ima e he diff e ences. In- dependen analyses in he 1s and in he 1s –5 h li e independen ly we e ca ied ou o each o s udied ai . To ge he mos app op ia e model he ollow- ing ac o s we e used: he affi lia ion o he ances o o he hype p olifi c o no mal line; he yea and sea- son o li e ; ype o ma ing – na u al ma ing o a i- fi cial insemina ion; and he o de o li e . The boa s we e used as he andom eff ec s. Fu he mo e, he back- a hickness and age a fi s a owing was included as linea eg ession in some models. Indi- idual models a e defi ned in he able I. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Al hough he eno mous ad ances in lean g ow h ai s has almos achie ed an op imal poin (Webb, 1998) he de elopmen in li e size ha e no eached he desi ed le el. I is due o li e size is quan i a i e ai s con olled by se e al genes, along wi h en i- onmen al ac o s, and he co ela ions be ween hem. Al hough gene ally he low esponse on he selec ion on he li e size is conside ed, he e- sul s o some s udies show conside able li e size inc easing as an ou come o selec ion (Lambe son e al., 1991; Johnson e al., 1999; Bole e al., 2001 and Robinson, 2003). Based on he expe ience om o he coun ies, he hype p olifi c line seemed o be p omising me hod o li e size inc easing. The goal o a e s udy was o e alua e i he hype p olifi c line c ea ion ha e desi ed eff ec no only in b eeding he d bu in mul iplica ion he d so. Ou assump ion was ha descenden s o hype p olifi c sows should ha e highe numbe o pigle s pe pa u i ion. This is in acco ding wi h b eeding goal o hype p olifi c line which is p ima ily ocused on he li e size, ea numbe and a e age daily gain. In con as o ou assump ion no conside able eff ec was obse ed in ou popula ion. No diff e ences be ween TNB, NBA o NW we e ound on he 1s as well as on he 1s – 5 h li e s (Table II). When ou esul s a e assessed he small numbe o sows included in he s udy is necessa y o ake in o accoun . I can nega i ely bias he esul s. On he o he hand he esul s ou lined ha he b eeding goal o hype p olifi c line should be ee alua e in con ex o esul s in mul iplica ion he ds. In las decade many s udies abou he possi- ble inco po a ion o molecula da a in o b eeding scheme o specifi cally in o selec ion c i e ia we e published. Since he eff ec s o gene ma ke s ob- se ed in b eeding he d o some special c ossb eed- ing popula ions should no co espond o eff ec s in comme cial he d, he special s udies on his should be pe o med. I: Specifi ca ion o used models Li e s Line YS Ma OL AFF Boa BF TNB 1s FFF-LR- 1s –5 h FFFFLR- NBA 1s FFF-LR- 1s –5 h FFFFLR- NW 1s FFF- -RL 1s –5 h FFFF-R- F – fi xed eff ec R – andom eff ec L – linea eg ession TNB – o al pigle s bo n NBA – pigle s bo n ali e NW – numbe o pigle s weaned LINE – HP o N line YS – yea and season o li e MAT – ma ing o a ifi cial insemina ion OL – o de li e AFF – age a fi s a owing DAM – dam o sows SIRE – si e o sows BOAR – ma ing boa BF – back- a hickness Impac o hype p olifi c line on li e size in mul iplica ion he d 3 II: Diff e ences o li e size be ween he sows wi h ances o o igina ed om hype p olifi c line (HP) and no mal line (N) NHP 1s li e s TNB 10.88 ± 0.49 11.69 ± 0.61 NBA 10.22 ± 0.48 10.97 ± 0.58 NW 10.02 ± 0.29 10.21 ± 0.31 1s –5 h li e s TNB 12.39 ± 0.38 12.41 ± 0.41 NBA 11.79 ± 0.36 11.91 ± 0.38 NW 10.42 ± 0.29 10.61 ± 0.31 No e: TNB – o al numbe o pigle s bo n; NBA – numbe o pigle s bo n ali e, NW – numbe o pigle s weaned; Values wi h he diff e en supe sc ip s show signifi cance le el wi hin ows: P ≤ 0.01 (A, B); P ≤ 0.1 (*, **). IMPLICATIONS The aim o ou s udy was o ound he eal impac o hype p olifi c line selec ion on he li e size in mul iplica ion he d. The s udy was pe o med un- de he comme cial condi ions and he esul s ou - lined he use ulness o c ea ion o hype p olifi c line. The esul s o ou s udy indica e ha majo accen should be pu on he p olifi cacy, mainly on he li - e size. O he wise he emphasis aimed o imp o e he p oduc ion ai s should be lesse . SOUHRN Vli o by supe plodných linií na elikos hu ozmnožo acích cho ech Využi í supe plodných linií je posledních le ech po ažo áno za ysoce e ek i ní možnos z yšo á- ní ep odukčních pa ame ů p asnic. Vě šina p ací se šak zabý á jejich z ahem k ep odukci přímo e šlech i elských cho ech. Velkým přínosem naší p áce je s udium dopadu o by supe plodných linií na uži ko os ozmnožo acích cho ech, k e é jsou důleži ou součás í p odukčního sys ému ČR. Do s udie byly zah nu y in o mace o uži ko os i p asnic ozmnožo acích cho ech a jejich ma ek cho ech šlech i elských s přihlédnu ím k zařazení do supe plodné linie. K yhodnocení li- u supe plodné linie jsme yužili smíšený lineá ní model. Výpoče byl p o eden p og amu SAS o Windows, e ze 9.1.2. Žádný s a is icky ýznamný ozdíl nebyl nalezen u žádného ze s udo aných ep odukčních ukaza elů. Při yhodnocení je nu né mí na zře eli ela i ně nízký poče jedinců zah - nu ých e s udii. I přes nep ůkaznos nalezených ozdílů po ažujeme za důleži é, aby na u o p áci na ázali další p áce, k e é budou zah no a ě ší poče jedinců a íce s udo aných znaků. Za splně- ní ěch o podmínek bude možné pos ihnou komplexnos z ahů mezi jedno li ými p odukčními znaky. selekce, ep odukce, supe plodná linie. This s udy was suppo ed by he Resea ch plan No. QH 71284 and MSM7088352101. REFERENCES BOLET, G., BIDANEL J. P., OLLIVIER, L., 2001: Se- lec ion o li e size in pigs II. Effi ciency o closed and open selec ion lines. 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Sci. 81: 36–46. 4 Z. T doň, P. Humpolíček Add ess Ing. Zdenek T doň Ph.D., NAVOS, a. s., Čelako ského 1858, 767 16 K oměříž, Ing. Pe Humpolíček Ph.D., Ús a apliko aného ýzkumu, Uni e zi ní ins i u , Uni e zi a Tomáše Ba i e Zlíně, Nad O čí nou 3685, 760 01 Zlín, Česká epublika, e-mail: [email p o ec ed].cz