Clus e Analysis o P o essional Focus o Fu u e HR Manage s
JENA ŠVARCOVÁ
Depa men o Economics, Facul y o Managemen and Economics
Tomas Ba a Uni e si y in Zlín
Mos ní 5139, 76001 Zlín
CZECH REPUBLIC
s a co a@ ame.u b.cz h p://www. ame.u b.cz
IVA STAVJANÍČKOVÁ
Depa men o Economics, Facul y o Managemen and Economics
Tomas Ba a Uni e si y in Zlín
Mos ní 5139, 76001 Zlín
CZECH REPUBLIC
i as a janicko [email protected]
Abs ac : Eu ope is acing an unp eceden ed inc ease in unemploymen in he segmen o young wo ke s o 34
yea s. Pa ly i can be a ibu ed o he phase o business cycle, bu we can also obse e changes in o ien a ion
o young people in speci ic g oups o p o essions who a e inc easingly di e en om he s uc u e o he
economy and he equi emen s o companies in he Czech Republic - in he occupa ional g oup No 4 -
Technology we can see an excess o demand o companies o e supply o employees; and in he occupa ional
g oup No 8 - A s and En e ainmen he e is a la ge o e supply o s uden s. This pape p esen s he esul s o
esea ch o s uden s’ p o essional p e e ences wi h a special ocus on s uden s' in e es abou wo k in HR
depa men . Roe’s classi ica ion was used o his esea ch - p o ession o HR Manage belongs o he g oup o
p o essions No 3 – O ganiza ion acco ding o Roe. Resea ch showed ha s uden s a e e y inde ini e when
choosing hei p o ession and many o hem choose 5 o mo e di e en p o essions o hei po olio. I could
be p oblem because companies need HR Manage , who is s aigh ocused on wo king wi h people. The
esea ch eam used clus e analysis and he esul s showed ha s uden s wi h lowe numbe o job p e e ences
(1-4) choose sui able p o essions mo e o en han s uden s wi h a highe numbe o p o ession p e e ences. The
esul o his esea ch is ha HRM o HR depa men has o sea ch s uden s wi h low numbe o p o ession
p e e ences who a e ocused o HR Manage Posi ion.
Key-Wo ds: HR Manage , P o essional Focus, Clus e Analysis, he Czech Republic.
1 In oduc ion
Eu ope and he Eu opean Union a e going h ough
di icul pe iods. Signals can be seen as p oblems in
economic s agna ion, as measu ed by GDP, he deb
bu den coun ies o sou he n Eu ope, bu also
g owing you h unemploymen . These p oblems do
no a oid e en he Czech Republic, as we can ead
in analysis om T don [20] and Hanclo a [8].
Vlaho ic, Milano ic and Sk inja p opose ha
companies should de elop Business P ocess
O ien a ion (BPO) in o de o imp o e hei o e all
pe o mance [23]. One o he impo an p ocesses
ha de e mine he pe o mance and success o
companies is HRM. This pape add esses he
speci ic issue o collec ing sui able HR Manage s
om among g adua es.
I we wan he isions o economy ans o ma ion
o a knowledge economy come ue, impo ance o
HRM o he companies is inc easing. Mo eo e ,
meaning o HRM is changing. The ole o he
pe sonnel p o essional has al e ed in a numbe o
signi ican espec s, and has become mo e
mul i ace ed and complex, Caldwell says [4].
The de ini ion o HR p o essional is s ill alid.
They should sea ch he bes people o posi ions in
company and p o ide hei loyal y o he
o ganiza ion, Sequenso á says [19]. Howe e ,
behind his simple de ini ion, hides a numbe o
di icul issues and demands on pe sonnel
p o essional.
HR p o essionals ha e o ake ca e o he
employees wo king on people de elopmen , p o ide
consul ancy se ices, gi ing he same
oppo uni ies. They mus be poli e, punc ual,
us wo hy and p oac i e. They mus espec he
e hical s anda ds. Cha e ed ins i u e o pe sonnel
and de elopmen (CIPD) decla ed ha HR
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p o essional needs pe sonnel de elopmen and
li elong educa ion [5].
Al hough he companies implemen new p ac ices
in human esou ces in ecen yea s, s ill, as Gues
and King esea ches show, ha e ailed o o e come
many o he p oblems iden i ied 25 yea s ago
[7]. One o hese p oblems is de ined clea ly he ole
o HR manage s and HR depa men .
S ouhal shows ha SMEs canno ye show quali y
o HR wo k in hei inancial accoun ing epo s
[17], [18].
Ano he p oblem is inding he way how o ensu e
e ec i e managemen and de elopmen o people in
he o ganiza ion ha nobody will eel hu . In ecen
yea s, especially in he U.S., Be gen e al see
inc easing numbe o li iga ions as a esul o
employees’ con ic ion ha hei wo kplace is no
oppo uni y equal [3].
Same oppo uni y does no only means he same
app oach in hi ing s a bu i is also means same
ex ends o p omo ions, s a aining, emune a ion
and mo i a ion. In sho i is whole HRM. The isk,
ha he employee will eel hu in any o men ioned
p ocesses is e y high.
I would be w ong o hink ha his isk does no
ela e o he Czech Republic. To p o ide
oppo uni y equali y is no only manne s o he
legisla ion. I depends on each companies and hei
HRM.
Many o ganiza ions ha e implemen ed signi ican
changes in hei pe sonnel p ac ices and p ocedu es
due o ensu e equal chance o employees; Kellough
and Comeman w i e [10]. Bell e al sugges , ha
each pe son wo king as HR specialis has in luence
no only on he o ganiza ion bu by his choice o
s a he a ec s social en i onmen also [2].
Because HR specialis has o ope a e in all a eas
o HR – s a egic managemen , co po a e
in as uc u e managemen , employee bene i s
managemen and aining and educa ion sys em –
acco ding o Ul ich [20] - is necessa y o ensu e ha
HR specialis has au ho i y ac oss whole
o ganiza ion as sugges ed by Weih ich and Koon z
[24].
Resea ch in labo ma ke con i ms changes in
wo k o pe sonnel specialis . The na u e and asks o
hei wo k is comple ely di e en . I is also due o
he necessi y o implemen ing o ganiza ional
changes. Pe sonnel p o essionals ha e o deal wi h
classic con adic ion - he company needs
o ganiza ional change, while wo ke s esis ance o
any changes, as illus a ed by Choi and Ruona [6].
Acco ding o inc easing demand o human
esou ces and i s e ec i e using in he o ganiza ion,
inc ease demands on HR depa men employees oo.
I we wan o achie e e ec i e using o HR in
o ganiza ion, we ha e o s a wi h pe sonnel
specialis hemsel es. Quali ied and expe ienced HR
s a can p o ide he selec ion, ec ui men and
managemen o quali y human esou ces in he
o ganiza ion. Mo eo e , HR depa men mus wo k
co ec ly o be able o manage and de eloped people
in he o ganiza ion, A ms ong and Koubek w i e
[1]. Ve y impo an is he knowledge ans e inside
o ganiza ion, Tučko á, and J. S ouhal w i e [21].
Pe sonnel specialis will ha e o deal wi h new
challenges and unsol ed asks in he u u e. The
ques ion is, i he g adua es o Czech schools a e
quali ied enough o sol e hose p oblems. And i
will be enough g adua es in e es ed in posi ions
connec ed o HR wo k.
This pape ocuses on g adua es o high schools
om he whole Czech Republic and g adua es om
Tomas Ba a Uni e si y in Zlín and esea ch o hei
expec a ion abou u u e labo ma ke . Speci ically,
i examines a g oup o s uden s who would like o
wo k in HR depa men in he u u e.
This pape is based on p ima y esea ch,
p o essional aspi a ions o high school s uden s
om he Czech Republic (1628 esponden s, o
which 99 would like o wo k in he HR depa men
a e g adua ion). The second p ima y esea ch was
ealized a he same ime wi h uni e si y s uden s
(338 s uden s, bachelo deg ee, Facul y o
Managemen and Economics, o which 85 would
like o wo k in he HR p o ession a e g adua ion).
S uden s could choose mo e han 1 job, which many
o hem also did. Resea ch is ocus on p o essional
po olio o s uden s o show hei in e es in
wo king as a pe sonal specialis o simila job. We
used Roe’s classi ica ion o his esea ch [12],
[15]. HR specialis is in his classi ica ion ype 3 -
O ganiza ion and is highly ocused on wo king wi h
people.
Resea ch has shown ha s uden s a e eally
undecided and choose hei p e e ed p o essions
om comple ely di e en p o ession ype g oup. I
ollows ha hei s udy is no ocused on pa icula
job and hey a e no keen on job as HR specialis .
This can cause p oblems. I may be ha d o ind a
good pe sonnel specialis , who should p o ide
quali y employees o company in he u u e.
I seems ha ec ui men agencies and companies
will need o co-wo k mo e closely wi h uni e si ies
and mo i a e s uden s o high quali y and
knowledge o job in HR p o ession du ing hei
s udying al eady.
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2 Resea ch P oblems
The esea ch in his pape ocused on he a ge
g oup o young people aged 16 o 21 yea s and hei
p o essional aspi a ions. In he Czech Republic was
necessa y o examine he iews o high school
s uden s (16 - 19 yea s) and iews o uni e si y
s uden s - bachelo deg ee (19 - 21 yea s).
Resea ch ques ions
We expec ha esea ch will b ing answe s o 2
ques ions.
1. Wha is he p o ile o he p o essional aspi a ions
o s uden s who chose one job as HR p o essionals?
2. Is his p o ile good enough o he inc easing
demands and di icul y in he HR job a ea?
To ob ain he necessa y in o ma ion om he
esponden s - s uden s o high schools – we used
in e ne su ey. We o e ed p o essions ype
ep esen a i es om each g oup acco ding o Roe’s
model [12] [15]. S uden s could choose om 62
p o essions ype. They could exp ess hei in e es
by 1 o 5 poin s. Fo his a icle was moni o ed only
he highes le el o in e es (5 poin s - "I am
de ini ely in e es ed"). S uden s could choose mo e
han 1 job which hey would like o do o a li ing
in he u u e. The esea ch was o ganized in
coope a ion wi h high schools. 820 high school
eache s (almos 70 % om all he schools in he
coun y) ecei ed ins uc ion and mo i a ion le e .
By his le e hey we e asked o help he s uden s
ill he ques ionnai e. Resea ch was anonymous and
all s uden s we e mo i a ed o ill i by he eedback
o e . In he eedback epo hey can ind
in o ma ion abou jobs which hey p e e ed and
ind ou how many s uden s a e in e es ed in he
same wo king a ea. The esea ch was ealized in
h ee pe iods o 2011.
Resea ch eam in ended o use In e na ional
S anda d Classi ica ion o Occupa ions [9] o he
esea ch bu high school s uden s p e e ed
classi ica ion acco ding o Roe. Two-dimensional
classi ica ion sys em o Roe [12], [15] deals wi h
skills and educa ion le el on i s dimension and
second dimension di ides in o eigh p o ession ype
(job g oups) which co e whole spec um o jobs in
he coun y.
S uc u e o ypical p o essions in g oups:
1. Se ices – 7 p o essions
2. T ade – 5 p o essions
3. O ganiza ion – 9 p o essions
4. Technique and Technology – 14 p o essions
5. Ou doo Ac i i ies – 5 p o essionss
6. Science – 9 p o essions
7. Gene al Cul u e – 6 p o essions
8. A s and En e ainmen – 7 p o essions
Typical ea u e o he Czech economy is he high
p opo ion o wo ke s in he indus y, so we o e ed
he g ea es numbe o ypical p o essions in he
occupa ional g oup No 4 Technology.
S uden s had desc ip ion o all o e ed job including
equi ed educa ion and a e age sala y in job
acco ding o na ional s a is ics.
F om he o al da a ile ob ained om 1628
s uden s we e sepa a ed a sample o all s uden s who
chose job in HR a ea as one o hei p e e ences.
This sample was analyzed due o numbe o
p e e ences and jobs cha ac e . Roe’s me hodology
di ided p o ession in o g oups acco ding o c i e ia,
i is job ocused on wo k wi h people o wo k wi h
objec . Roe’s s udies [12] [13] [14] [15] and [16]
om he middle o las cen u y lead o he
conclusion ha mos people choose hei p o ession
wi hin he same g oup o p o essions. This hesis
was also es ed in e ms o Czech Republic.
Resea ch among uni e si y s uden s ca ied on
esea ch be ween high school s uden s which was
na ionwide.
Resea ch among uni e si y s uden s was
o ganized in he o m o anonymous ques ionnai e
and was illed by s uden s o bachelo s udies
Facul y o Managemen and Economic in i s yea
o s udy. The esea ch was ealized in au umn 2011.
The ques ionnai e included a ange o 48
p o essions which co esponded o bachelo deg ee
educa ion. E en hese p o essions we e di ided in o
8 g oups acco ding o he classi ica ion o Roe
[15]. Conside ing acul y p o ile esea ch eam
o e ed 20 p o essions in company managemen .
F om 338 illed ques ionnai es he e we e 85
uni e si y s uden s, who chose job in HR a ea as
one o hei p e e ences. This sample was analyzed
due o numbe o p e e ences and jobs cha ac e .
3 P oblem Solu ion
The esea ch ealized in 2011 ob ained wo iles:
one se o da a wi h high school s uden s (1628
esponden s) and i was analyzed a sample o 99
s uden s who chose as one o hei p e e ed job HR
p o essionals wo k. The second se o da a wi h
uni e si y s uden s (338 esponden s) and i was
analyzed a se o 85 s uden s who we e in e es ed in
he HR p o ession.
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S a is ical cha ac e is ics o 99 high school
s uden s, who choose HR Manage as one o hei
p e e ed p o essions, a e in able below.
Table 1 S a is ical cha ac e is ic o high school
esponden s (own sou ce)
A e age numbe o p o essions
pe
s uden 11.21
Selec ed jobs - o al 1110
The a iance 92.026
SEM – s anda d de ia ion 9.593
We can see om he esul ha s uden s a e e y
ambiguous (in addi ion o job as HR specialis chose
a u he 10 jobs in a e age ha would like o do).
High numbe s o p e e ences we e eco ded a
posi ions sec e a y, assis an , accoun an . In e es ing
is he inding ha s uden s o en p e e ed posi ion
as a cle k and wo k in public o s a e adminis a ion.
Besides job as HR specialis hey chose jobs om
comple ely di e en p o ession ype g oup. Which
can mean hei ambi alence and so hei lack o
knowledge abou job desc ip ion.
I we keep classi ica ion acco ding o Roe s uden s
p e e ed o he p o essions om he g oup No 3 -
O ganiza ion. Bu hese s uden s choose also
p o essions om o he g oups o p o essions No 2 -
T ade o No 8 - A s and En e ainmen . They did
no p e e p o ession om g oup No 6 - Science o
No 5 - Ou doo Ac i i ies.
Figu e 1 p esen s p e e ences o high school
s uden s (sample o s uden s who choose p o ession
HR Manage o hei po olio) – hey p e e
p o essions om g oup No 3 – O ganiza ion.
High school s uden s and hei job p e e ences
Se ices
9%
T ade
13%
Gene al Cul u e
11%
Science
6%
Ou doo Ac i i ies
3%
Technique and
Technology
10%
O ganiza ion
34%
A s and
En e ainmen
14%
Fig 1 High school s uden s and hei p o ession
p e e ences
Figu e 1 shows ha s uden s p e e p o essions
om g oup No 3 – O ganiza ion bu hey a e also
in e es ed in he posi ions o o he g oups o
p o essions.
On he abo e sample o s uden s we pe o med
clus e analysis and we ied o de ec simila i ies in
he p e e ences o he s uden s. To simpli y he
analysis, p e e ences we e so ed acco ding o
indi idual g oups acco ding o Roe. The me hod
used was simple dis ance, nea es neighbo me hod.
The esul s o clus e analysis a e shown in he
g aph below. Based on hese esul s, we hen
di ided he s uden s o de ailed analysis.
Fig 2 Clus e analysis – high school s uden s
As can be seen om Figu e 2, s uden s can be
di ided by he numbe o p e e ences. Simila i ies
we e ound in hese g oups: we chose ou g oups
wi h a simila numbe o esponden s. S uden s who
choose less han 5 p o essions, s uden s who chose
be ween 6 and 10 wo k posi ions, s uden s who
would like o pu o wa d o 11 - 15 p o essions and
hose who a e hinking abou mo e han 16 wo k
posi ions.
Dis ibu ion o s uden s acco ding o he numbe
o p e e ed p o essions, we will also use he
de ailed analysis o s uden in e es . We ocused on
he wo k p o essions in indi idual g oups acco ding
o Roe. Fu u e HR Manage mus be e y mo i a ed
o pe o m his posi ion and i is he e o e necessa y
ha his p e e ences we e ela i ely clea -cu .
The u u e HR Manage mus be highly mo i a ed o
wo k on his posi ion. The e o e hei p e e ences
mus be ocus on wo king wi h people. Due o his,
s uden s we e so ed acco ding o he numbe o
p e e ed posi ions. We will ocus on hei o he
chosen posi ion and whe he s uden s wi h he same
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amoun o p e e ences selec ed simila jobs as job in
HR a ea.
The cha below shows he in e es o s uden s in
jobs selec ed by p o essional ype and numbe o
p e e ences. F om his Figu e 3 we can clea ly
ecognize ha s uden s wi h lowe numbe o
p e e ences con i m he Roe’s heo y, while
s uden s wi h a highe numbe o p e e ences chose
jobs om o he p o essional g oups almos equally.
High school s uden s and hei o he job p e e ences
<5 <10 <15
Numbe o p e e ences
0
Se ices
T ade
O ganiza ion
Technique and Technology
Ou doo Ac i i ies
Science
Gene al Cul u e
A s and En e ainmen
P o ession ype
Fig 3 High school s uden s and hei p o ession
p e e ences acco ding o a numbe o p e e ences
S uden s wi h mo e han 10 p e e ed jobs chose
posi ion om all p o essional ype. Compa ed o
s uden s who chose less han 5 p o essions, hey
ocused on jobs om ype O ganiza ion.
To de e mine he deg ee o simila i y in each
g oup s anda d de ia ion was used. As can be seen
om he mod alues in he Table 2, he g oup o
p o essions No 3 - O ganizing was mos ly chosen.
The s anda d de ia ion has a minimum alue o he
i s g oup o s uden ; hose who choose less han 5
p o essions. The mo e p o essions selec ed he
highe s anda d de ia ion espec i ely dispe sion is.
Table 2 S a is ical cha ac e is ics o high school
s uden s - Modus, s anda d de ia ion and a iance
__________________________________________
Numbe o
p e e ences
.
Numbe o
selec ed
p o essions
(n)
Modus
(Mod X)
F equency
o mod
S anda d
de ia ion (σ)
Va iance
(σ
2
)
≤ 5 88 3 48 3.53 1.88
≤ 10 216 3 92 5.07 2.25
≤ 15 365 3 133 5.43 2.33
> 15 221 3 62 5.59 2.36
_______________________________________
Summa y o he esul s o he o e all in e es o
he s uden s a e shown g aphically in Figu e 4
oge he wi h he pe cen age o s uden s exp essing
in e es abou each g oup o p o essions.
S uden s had g ea es in e es in he p o essions
om g oup No 3 - O ganizing when hei numbe o
selec ed p o essions was unde numbe 5. Wo k in
his a ea would like o ge 55% o hem. They we e
also in e es ed in employmen in g oup No 2 - T ade
(22%).
The second g oup o esponden s wi h
p e e ences 6-10 p o essions has had an in e es in
employmen om he g oup No 3 - O ganizing
lowe - 43%. They a e also in e es ed in he
p o ession om he g oup No 2 - T ade and om
he g oup No 8 - A s and En e ainmen .
The hi d g oup o esponden s wi h up o 15
selec ed p e e ences is in e es ed in p o essions
om he g oup No 3 a 36%. Responden s also had
a g ea in e es in he p o essions o he A s.
Las wa ched g oup o s uden s wi h p e e ences
om 16 abo e is in e es ed in p o essions om
g oup No 3 a 28%. Responden s showed nea ly
uni o m in e es in o he g oups o p o essions o
he Se ices, T ade, Techniques and Technology,
Science, and Cul u e (a ound 10%). The wo k in
g oup No 8 - A exp essed in e es 16%. This ocus
is e y di e en om he e e ence g oup No 3 -
O ganizing.
6%
22%
55%
7%
8%
8%
13%
43%
6%
13%
13%
7%
13%
36%
9%
12%
17%
10%
14%
28%
10%
10%
11%
16%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
In e es a e
≤ 5 ≤ 10 ≤ 15 > 15
Numbe o p e e ences
Se ices T ade O ganiza ion T & T Ou doo Ac i i ies Science Gene al Cul u e A s & En e ainmen
Fig 4 Summa y o p e e ences o high school
s uden s acco ding o numbe o p e e ences
S a is ical cha ac e is ics o 85 uni e si y
s uden s, who choose p o ession HR Manage as
one o hei p e e ed p o essions, a e p esen ed in
Table 3.
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Table 3 S a is ical cha ac e is ic o uni e si y
esponden s (own sou ce)
A e age numbe o
p o ession
s pe
s uden 7.51
Selec ed jobs - o al 638
The a iance 21.94
SEM – s anda d de ia ion 4.68
E en hese numbe s do no jus i y s ong in e es o
he esponden ’s u u e ca ee . S uden s whom
p e e ed job in HR depa men a e in e es ed in
o he jobs oo. Especially job like a company
manage , s ockb oke o bank employee.
This esul does no co espond wi h Roe’s
hesis, ha people choose he p o ession o one o a
ew close p o essional ype. The cha below shows
p e e ences o s uden s who chose on o hei
p e e ed p o ession HR Manage .
S uden s p e e ed o he jobs om g oup o
p o essions No 3 - O ganiza ion, bu despi e he
hesis o Roe, mos s uden s p e e also p o essions
om g oup No 8 - A s o g oup No 2 - Se ices.
These a e comple ely di e en by i s desc ip ion and
unc ion han HR p o ession. In e es ing hing is ha
s uden s p e e ed highly job as a cle k. This
in e es may be caused by p emise o s abili y job in
s a e adminis a ion.
Uni e si y s uden s and ei job p e e ences
T ade
10%
Technique and
Technology
12%
Ou doo Ac i i ies
2%
Science
5%
Gene al Cul u e
8%
A s and
En e ainmen
14% Se ices
18%
O ganiza ion
31%
Fig 5 Uni e si y s uden s and hei job p e e ences
To pe o m a de ailed analysis o he
esponden s, i is necessa y o di ide he g oup o
s uden s. Fo his eason, we apply clus e analysis
on he g oup o s uden s and we see i we can ind
simila i ies in he esponses o s uden s. Clus e
analysis e ealed ha esponden s can be di ided
acco ding o he numbe o p e e ences.
Analysis esul s a e p ocessed g aphically in Figu e
6.
Fig 6 Clus e analysis – uni e si y s uden s
Acco ding o he indings, we can di ide he
s uden s in o ou g oups. In he i s g oup we
examine esponses o s uden s who chose up o 4
p o essions. In he second g oup will ocus on
s uden s who chose 5-8 p o essions. The hi d g oup
consis s o s uden s who chose 9-12 p o essions.
The las g oup consis s o esponden s who chose
13 p o essions and mo e. Subsequen ly, we will
ocus on a de ailed analysis o uni e si y s uden s
acco ding o speci ic p o essions. We ind i
s uden s who a e in e es ed in wo king HR
Manage , choose p o essions wi h a simila ocus.
The la ges numbe s o s uden s choose 5-8
p o essions. P e e ences o s uden s a e p esen ed in
Figu e 7 in he di ision acco ding o he esul s o
clus e analysis. P o essions a e di ided in o 8
g oups acco ding o Roe.
Uni e si y s uden s and hei o he job p e e ences
<5 <10 <15
Numbe o p e e ences
0
Se ices
T ade
O ganiza ion
Technique and Technology
Ou doo Ac i i ies
Science
Gene al Cul u e
A s and En e ainmen
P o ession ype
Fig 7 Uni e si y s uden s and hei job p e e ences
acco ding o a numbe o p e e ences
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The Figu e 7 showed ha s uden s wi h less han
5 job p e e ences choose posi ions om p o ession
g oup No 3 - O ganiza ion mo e o en han s uden s
wi h a highe numbe o p o ession p e e ence.
S uden s wi h mo e han 10 job p e e ences showed
almos same in e es in each g oup o p o essions.
Disco e ed ac is p o en by he esul s shown in
Table 4. In all in es iga ed g oups, s uden s o en
chosen p o essions om he g oup No 3 -
O ganiza ion, as is e iden om he alues o Mode.
Howe e , i s uden s chose mo e p o essions,
a iabili y inc eased, as can be seen om he alues
o s anda d de ia ion. These alues a e he highes
in he hi d g oup o s uden s wi h he numbe
p e e ences be ween 9 and 12.
Table 4 S a is ical cha ac e is ics o uni e si y
s uden s - Modus, s anda d de ia ion and a iance
__________________________________________
Numbe
o
p e e ences
Numbe o
selec ed
p o essions (n)
Modus
(Mod X) F equency
o Mod
S anda d
de ia ion
(σ) Va iance
(σ2)
≤ 4 63 3 42 1,51 2,29
≤ 8 311 3 104 2,30 5,30
≤ 12 101 3 26 2,52 6,37
> 12 163 3 30 2,42 5,87
Figu e 8 shows he esponses o s uden s
classi ied acco ding o he numbe o p o essions
and p e e ences. P o essions o he g oup No 3 -
O ganiza ion we e selec ed mos o en by s uden s
who chose o 4 p o essions. S uden s choose a
p o ession in he g oup No 3 in 67%. These s uden s
a e in e es ed in he p o ession om o he
p o essional g oups o 10%.
The second g oup had he la ges numbe o
esponden s. Responden s ha ing p e e ence o 8
p o essions chose om he g oup No. 3 in only
33%. These s uden s we e in e es ed in he posi ions
om he g oup No 1 - Se ice 20%, and hey we e
in e es ed in o he g oups o p o essions in 10%.
In he hi d g oup, wi h a numbe o p e e ed
p o essions o 12, s uden s chose g oup No 3 -
O ganiza ion o 26%. They also we e in e es ed in
he p o ession o he g oups No 1 – Se ices and No
8 - A s and En e ainmen .
The las g oup is o med by answe s o s uden s
who chose mo e han 12 p o essions. In his g oup
s uden s a e in e es ed in p o essions om he g oup
No 3 - O ganizing in 18%; i is he lowes numbe .
S uden s a e in e es ed in he p o ession om he
g oup No 1 - Se ices, No 4 - Technique and
echnology, and No 8 – A as well. These g oups
a e in a comple ely di e en ocus compa ed o he
p o essions o he moni o ed g oup No 3 -
O ganizing.
5%
10%
67%
10%
6%
20%
12%
33%
10%
5%
7%
12%
22%
7%
26%
10%
7%
13%
15%
18%
9%
18%
18%
7%
6%
7%
18%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
In e es a e
≤ 4 ≤ 8 ≤ 12 > 12
Numbe o p e e ences
Se ices T ade O ganiza ion T & T Ou doo Ac i i ies Science Gene al Cul u e A s & En e ainmen
Fig 8 Summa y o p e e ences o uni e si y s uden s
acco ding o numbe o p e e ences
Resea ch has shown ha high school s uden s
and uni e si y s uden s choose qui e a lo o
p o essions om he g oup No 8 - A s and
En e ainmen . I a s uden chooses a leas one
p o ession om he g oup No 8, we name he
s uden as “c ea i e s uden ” o he pu poses o his
pape . I is in e es ing o ollow he p opo ion o
c ea i e s uden s in all moni o ed iles.
Table 5 Pe cen age o c ea i e s uden s
Uni e si y High school
All s uden s 49% 39%
HR Manage s 63% 52%
The esul s show ha high school s uden s in he
whole g oup o esponden s (1628 s uden s) ha e
39% o c ea i e s uden s, while in he sample HR
Manage s he e a e 52% o c ea i e s uden s.
The esul s show ha uni e si y s uden s in he
whole g oup 338 esponden s ha e 49% o c ea i e
s uden s, while in he sample HR Manage s he e
a e e en 63% c ea i e s uden s.
Bo h o hese esul s indica e ha s uden s, who
choose he p o ession HR Manage , a e willing o
be c ea i e and wo k in he c ea i e indus ies wi h
a highe p obabili y han o he s uden s.
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I we e alua e all esea ch, we ha e o say, ha
esea ch con i med ha e en high school s uden s o
uni e si y s uden s a e no clea ly o ien ed in any
g oup o p o essions acco ding o Roe. They o en
choose comple ely di e en p o essions. The e o e
hey a e lexible. On he o he hand, i may be a
p oblem, because as u u e g adua es hey will end
o y many p o essions om di e en p o ession
g oups.
4 Conclusion
Resea ch has shown ha s uden s' in e es in he HR
p o ession is qui e la ge. Howe e , u he analysis
showed ha hese s uden s a e highly ambi alen .
HR Manage is no hei majo in e es and hey a e
no clea ly o ien ed in wo king wi h people oo. I
could also mean hey a e lexible and able o change
a job acco ding o condi ions on labo ma ke . On
he o he hand, wide ange o in e es s cause
p oblem wi h u he aspi a ion and insu icien
p epa a ion o HR p o ession du ing hei s udies.
S uden s eac o he labo ma ke , which is e y
a iable, bo h due o he ans o ma ion o he
Czech economy om a cen ally planned o a
ma ke economy, also due o s ong economic c isis
be ween 2008 and 2009. S uden s a e e y lexible
and eady o eac quickly o new oppo uni ies. On
he o he hand, i may be a p oblem, because as
u u e g adua es will end o y mul iple jobs in
di e en a eas. This s a emen also p o ed he
conclusion o KMPG esea ch. KMPG is a ne wo k
o ca ie consul ing companies. They s udied
expec a ions o g adua es. The unexpec ed ou come
o he s udy was ha 87 % o g adua es expec ed
sho e han 5 yea s s ay in i s job. In he Czech
Republic he e we e e en 97 % g adua es ha
expec ed sho e han 5 yea s s ay in i s job. This
was he highes numbe o all esea ched coun ies
[10].
The esea ch answe ed he ques ion abou
p o essional aspi a ions o s uden s. S uden s do no
ha e clea p e e ences o u u es job. Only a small
amoun o s uden s choose om 1 o 5 p o essions.
The mo e chosen posi ions, he mo e di e si y o
chosen p o ession g oups. The less chosen posi ions,
he mo e ocus on g oup o p o essions No 3 -
O ganiza ion.
So i is necessa y ind s uden s wi h p e e ence 1
o 5 p o essions and hi ed hem as HR Manage s.
These s uden s a e mainly in e es ed in wo king
wi h people. This g oup o s uden s mus be
mo i a ed du ing hei s udies, so ha hey will be
able o wo k on HRM e ec i ely in he u u e.
The esea ch a ea on he labo ma ke is e y
speci ic. Especially impo ance o p oblem school
g adua es en e ing on he labo ma ke is g owing.
In many Eu opean coun ies s uden s a e
unsuccess ul when hey en e he labo ma ke ( o
example he si ua ion in Spain in 2011, he
unemploymen a e o g adua es eached mo e
han 40 %). These a e ala ming signals ha should
be sol ed.
We can see inc easing demands o human
esou ces and i s e ec i e using h ough he
o ganiza ion nowadays. The e o e HRM is mo e
impo an o he companies. The ole o HR
depa men employees is changing, oo. Thei wo k
has become mo e complex and di icul . Pe sonnel
manage has o be quali ied and well expe ienced,
because he is he one who can p o ide e ec i e
human esou ces managemen and i s de elopmen
in he o ganiza ion. HR depa men employees
a ec by he pe sonnel selec ion no only he
o ganiza ion bu also he social en i onmen . This
a icle ocused on he s uden s' in e es in he wo k
o pe sonnel in e ms o signi ican changes in local
and global condi ions. Cu en esea ch has shown
ha hose in e es ed in HR p o ession la gely
choose o he p o essions. This may jeopa dize he
specializa ion and dep h o s udy in he ield.
Follow-up esea ch should show he pa ame e s o
he choice o p o ession by s uden s. Ta ge ed
analysis based on he sea ch o ac o s enhancing
hei p o essional specializa ion can answe he
ques ion, wha will be he u u e o human
esou ces.
The esea ch p esen ed in his pape showed,
among o he hings, also inc eased in e es in
c ea i e wo k among u u e HR Manage s. Au ho s
pe cei e i as e y impo an because ends indica e
ha he cu en economy is mo ing owa ds a
knowledge-based and c ea i e economy. Fu u e HR
Manage s will need o lea n in ad ance a numbe o
new p ocedu es and app oaches when wo king wi h
he s a o new indus ies and p o essions. S uden s
who ha e a posi i e ela ionship wi h he c ea i e
p o essions will ha e a compe i i e ad an age.
One o he asks o he esea ch p esen ed he e
was o es he sui abili y classi ica ion o
p o essions acco ding o Roe in mode n condi ions.
This classi ica ion is e y use ul when wo king wi h
s uden s who do no ha e eal expe ience in he
wo king en i onmen ; i is e y in ui i e and use -
iendly o s uden s. Resea ch has shown ha he
o iginal hesis Roe, which ollowed he esponden s
choose p o essions in one occupa ional g oup o a
ew g oups o p o essions s anding posi ion side by
side, esea ch has con i med only pa ially and only
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unde condi ions when s uden s chose less han 5
p o essions in hei po olio. Fu he esea ch will
need o in es iga e u he he condi ions unde
which i is ad an ageous o use he classi ica ion
acco ding o Roe.
Acknowledgemen s:
This pape is one o he ou pu s o he esea ch
p ojec "De elopmen o a modula sys em o
g an ing c edi s o he Bachelo 's deg ee in o de o
mo i a e s uden s h ough ca ee p o iling in line
wi h ends in he labo ma ke ." Regis e ed a ESF
OPVK CZ.1.07/2.2.00 / 28.0328.
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