Cluster analysis of professional focus of future HR managers

Clus e Analysis o P o essional Focus o Fu u e HR Manage s JENA ŠVARCOVÁ Depa men o Economics, Facul y o Managemen and Economics Tomas Ba a Uni e si y in Zlín Mos ní 5139, 76001 Zlín CZECH REPUBLIC s a co a@ ame.u b.cz h p://www. ame.u b.cz IVA STAVJANÍČKOVÁ Depa men o Economics, Facul y o Managemen and Economics Tomas Ba a Uni e si y in Zlín Mos ní 5139, 76001 Zlín CZECH REPUBLIC i as a janicko [email protected] Abs ac : Eu ope is acing an unp eceden ed inc ease in unemploymen in he segmen o young wo ke s o 34 yea s. Pa ly i can be a ibu ed o he phase o business cycle, bu we can also obse e changes in o ien a ion o young people in speci ic g oups o p o essions who a e inc easingly di e en om he s uc u e o he economy and he equi emen s o companies in he Czech Republic - in he occupa ional g oup No 4 - Technology we can see an excess o demand o companies o e supply o employees; and in he occupa ional g oup No 8 - A s and En e ainmen he e is a la ge o e supply o s uden s. This pape p esen s he esul s o esea ch o s uden s’ p o essional p e e ences wi h a special ocus on s uden s' in e es abou wo k in HR depa men . Roe’s classi ica ion was used o his esea ch - p o ession o HR Manage belongs o he g oup o p o essions No 3 – O ganiza ion acco ding o Roe. Resea ch showed ha s uden s a e e y inde ini e when choosing hei p o ession and many o hem choose 5 o mo e di e en p o essions o hei po olio. I could be p oblem because companies need HR Manage , who is s aigh ocused on wo king wi h people. The esea ch eam used clus e analysis and he esul s showed ha s uden s wi h lowe numbe o job p e e ences (1-4) choose sui able p o essions mo e o en han s uden s wi h a highe numbe o p o ession p e e ences. The esul o his esea ch is ha HRM o HR depa men has o sea ch s uden s wi h low numbe o p o ession p e e ences who a e ocused o HR Manage Posi ion. Key-Wo ds: HR Manage , P o essional Focus, Clus e Analysis, he Czech Republic. 1 In oduc ion Eu ope and he Eu opean Union a e going h ough di icul pe iods. Signals can be seen as p oblems in economic s agna ion, as measu ed by GDP, he deb bu den coun ies o sou he n Eu ope, bu also g owing you h unemploymen . These p oblems do no a oid e en he Czech Republic, as we can ead in analysis om T don [20] and Hanclo a [8]. Vlaho ic, Milano ic and Sk inja p opose ha companies should de elop Business P ocess O ien a ion (BPO) in o de o imp o e hei o e all pe o mance [23]. One o he impo an p ocesses ha de e mine he pe o mance and success o companies is HRM. This pape add esses he speci ic issue o collec ing sui able HR Manage s om among g adua es. I we wan he isions o economy ans o ma ion o a knowledge economy come ue, impo ance o HRM o he companies is inc easing. Mo eo e , meaning o HRM is changing. The ole o he pe sonnel p o essional has al e ed in a numbe o signi ican espec s, and has become mo e mul i ace ed and complex, Caldwell says [4]. The de ini ion o HR p o essional is s ill alid. They should sea ch he bes people o posi ions in company and p o ide hei loyal y o he o ganiza ion, Sequenso á says [19]. Howe e , behind his simple de ini ion, hides a numbe o di icul issues and demands on pe sonnel p o essional. HR p o essionals ha e o ake ca e o he employees wo king on people de elopmen , p o ide consul ancy se ices, gi ing he same oppo uni ies. They mus be poli e, punc ual, us wo hy and p oac i e. They mus espec he e hical s anda ds. Cha e ed ins i u e o pe sonnel and de elopmen (CIPD) decla ed ha HR WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS Jena Š a co á, I a S a janíčko á E-ISSN: 2224-2899 249 Issue 3, Volume 10, July 2013 p o essional needs pe sonnel de elopmen and li elong educa ion [5]. Al hough he companies implemen new p ac ices in human esou ces in ecen yea s, s ill, as Gues and King esea ches show, ha e ailed o o e come many o he p oblems iden i ied 25 yea s ago [7]. One o hese p oblems is de ined clea ly he ole o HR manage s and HR depa men . S ouhal shows ha SMEs canno ye show quali y o HR wo k in hei inancial accoun ing epo s [17], [18]. Ano he p oblem is inding he way how o ensu e e ec i e managemen and de elopmen o people in he o ganiza ion ha nobody will eel hu . In ecen yea s, especially in he U.S., Be gen e al see inc easing numbe o li iga ions as a esul o employees’ con ic ion ha hei wo kplace is no oppo uni y equal [3]. Same oppo uni y does no only means he same app oach in hi ing s a bu i is also means same ex ends o p omo ions, s a aining, emune a ion and mo i a ion. In sho i is whole HRM. The isk, ha he employee will eel hu in any o men ioned p ocesses is e y high. I would be w ong o hink ha his isk does no ela e o he Czech Republic. To p o ide oppo uni y equali y is no only manne s o he legisla ion. I depends on each companies and hei HRM. Many o ganiza ions ha e implemen ed signi ican changes in hei pe sonnel p ac ices and p ocedu es due o ensu e equal chance o employees; Kellough and Comeman w i e [10]. Bell e al sugges , ha each pe son wo king as HR specialis has in luence no only on he o ganiza ion bu by his choice o s a he a ec s social en i onmen also [2]. Because HR specialis has o ope a e in all a eas o HR – s a egic managemen , co po a e in as uc u e managemen , employee bene i s managemen and aining and educa ion sys em – acco ding o Ul ich [20] - is necessa y o ensu e ha HR specialis has au ho i y ac oss whole o ganiza ion as sugges ed by Weih ich and Koon z [24]. Resea ch in labo ma ke con i ms changes in wo k o pe sonnel specialis . The na u e and asks o hei wo k is comple ely di e en . I is also due o he necessi y o implemen ing o ganiza ional changes. Pe sonnel p o essionals ha e o deal wi h classic con adic ion - he company needs o ganiza ional change, while wo ke s esis ance o any changes, as illus a ed by Choi and Ruona [6]. Acco ding o inc easing demand o human esou ces and i s e ec i e using in he o ganiza ion, inc ease demands on HR depa men employees oo. I we wan o achie e e ec i e using o HR in o ganiza ion, we ha e o s a wi h pe sonnel specialis hemsel es. Quali ied and expe ienced HR s a can p o ide he selec ion, ec ui men and managemen o quali y human esou ces in he o ganiza ion. Mo eo e , HR depa men mus wo k co ec ly o be able o manage and de eloped people in he o ganiza ion, A ms ong and Koubek w i e [1]. Ve y impo an is he knowledge ans e inside o ganiza ion, Tučko á, and J. S ouhal w i e [21]. Pe sonnel specialis will ha e o deal wi h new challenges and unsol ed asks in he u u e. The ques ion is, i he g adua es o Czech schools a e quali ied enough o sol e hose p oblems. And i will be enough g adua es in e es ed in posi ions connec ed o HR wo k. This pape ocuses on g adua es o high schools om he whole Czech Republic and g adua es om Tomas Ba a Uni e si y in Zlín and esea ch o hei expec a ion abou u u e labo ma ke . Speci ically, i examines a g oup o s uden s who would like o wo k in HR depa men in he u u e. This pape is based on p ima y esea ch, p o essional aspi a ions o high school s uden s om he Czech Republic (1628 esponden s, o which 99 would like o wo k in he HR depa men a e g adua ion). The second p ima y esea ch was ealized a he same ime wi h uni e si y s uden s (338 s uden s, bachelo deg ee, Facul y o Managemen and Economics, o which 85 would like o wo k in he HR p o ession a e g adua ion). S uden s could choose mo e han 1 job, which many o hem also did. Resea ch is ocus on p o essional po olio o s uden s o show hei in e es in wo king as a pe sonal specialis o simila job. We used Roe’s classi ica ion o his esea ch [12], [15]. HR specialis is in his classi ica ion ype 3 - O ganiza ion and is highly ocused on wo king wi h people. Resea ch has shown ha s uden s a e eally undecided and choose hei p e e ed p o essions om comple ely di e en p o ession ype g oup. I ollows ha hei s udy is no ocused on pa icula job and hey a e no keen on job as HR specialis . This can cause p oblems. I may be ha d o ind a good pe sonnel specialis , who should p o ide quali y employees o company in he u u e. I seems ha ec ui men agencies and companies will need o co-wo k mo e closely wi h uni e si ies and mo i a e s uden s o high quali y and knowledge o job in HR p o ession du ing hei s udying al eady. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS Jena Š a co á, I a S a janíčko á E-ISSN: 2224-2899 250 Issue 3, Volume 10, July 2013 2 Resea ch P oblems The esea ch in his pape ocused on he a ge g oup o young people aged 16 o 21 yea s and hei p o essional aspi a ions. In he Czech Republic was necessa y o examine he iews o high school s uden s (16 - 19 yea s) and iews o uni e si y s uden s - bachelo deg ee (19 - 21 yea s). Resea ch ques ions We expec ha esea ch will b ing answe s o 2 ques ions. 1. Wha is he p o ile o he p o essional aspi a ions o s uden s who chose one job as HR p o essionals? 2. Is his p o ile good enough o he inc easing demands and di icul y in he HR job a ea? To ob ain he necessa y in o ma ion om he esponden s - s uden s o high schools – we used in e ne su ey. We o e ed p o essions ype ep esen a i es om each g oup acco ding o Roe’s model [12] [15]. S uden s could choose om 62 p o essions ype. They could exp ess hei in e es by 1 o 5 poin s. Fo his a icle was moni o ed only he highes le el o in e es (5 poin s - "I am de ini ely in e es ed"). S uden s could choose mo e han 1 job which hey would like o do o a li ing in he u u e. The esea ch was o ganized in coope a ion wi h high schools. 820 high school eache s (almos 70 % om all he schools in he coun y) ecei ed ins uc ion and mo i a ion le e . By his le e hey we e asked o help he s uden s ill he ques ionnai e. Resea ch was anonymous and all s uden s we e mo i a ed o ill i by he eedback o e . In he eedback epo hey can ind in o ma ion abou jobs which hey p e e ed and ind ou how many s uden s a e in e es ed in he same wo king a ea. The esea ch was ealized in h ee pe iods o 2011. Resea ch eam in ended o use In e na ional S anda d Classi ica ion o Occupa ions [9] o he esea ch bu high school s uden s p e e ed classi ica ion acco ding o Roe. Two-dimensional classi ica ion sys em o Roe [12], [15] deals wi h skills and educa ion le el on i s dimension and second dimension di ides in o eigh p o ession ype (job g oups) which co e whole spec um o jobs in he coun y. S uc u e o ypical p o essions in g oups: 1. Se ices – 7 p o essions 2. T ade – 5 p o essions 3. O ganiza ion – 9 p o essions 4. Technique and Technology – 14 p o essions 5. Ou doo Ac i i ies – 5 p o essionss 6. Science – 9 p o essions 7. Gene al Cul u e – 6 p o essions 8. A s and En e ainmen – 7 p o essions Typical ea u e o he Czech economy is he high p opo ion o wo ke s in he indus y, so we o e ed he g ea es numbe o ypical p o essions in he occupa ional g oup No 4 Technology. S uden s had desc ip ion o all o e ed job including equi ed educa ion and a e age sala y in job acco ding o na ional s a is ics. F om he o al da a ile ob ained om 1628 s uden s we e sepa a ed a sample o all s uden s who chose job in HR a ea as one o hei p e e ences. This sample was analyzed due o numbe o p e e ences and jobs cha ac e . Roe’s me hodology di ided p o ession in o g oups acco ding o c i e ia, i is job ocused on wo k wi h people o wo k wi h objec . Roe’s s udies [12] [13] [14] [15] and [16] om he middle o las cen u y lead o he conclusion ha mos people choose hei p o ession wi hin he same g oup o p o essions. This hesis was also es ed in e ms o Czech Republic. Resea ch among uni e si y s uden s ca ied on esea ch be ween high school s uden s which was na ionwide. Resea ch among uni e si y s uden s was o ganized in he o m o anonymous ques ionnai e and was illed by s uden s o bachelo s udies Facul y o Managemen and Economic in i s yea o s udy. The esea ch was ealized in au umn 2011. The ques ionnai e included a ange o 48 p o essions which co esponded o bachelo deg ee educa ion. E en hese p o essions we e di ided in o 8 g oups acco ding o he classi ica ion o Roe [15]. Conside ing acul y p o ile esea ch eam o e ed 20 p o essions in company managemen . F om 338 illed ques ionnai es he e we e 85 uni e si y s uden s, who chose job in HR a ea as one o hei p e e ences. This sample was analyzed due o numbe o p e e ences and jobs cha ac e . 3 P oblem Solu ion The esea ch ealized in 2011 ob ained wo iles: one se o da a wi h high school s uden s (1628 esponden s) and i was analyzed a sample o 99 s uden s who chose as one o hei p e e ed job HR p o essionals wo k. The second se o da a wi h uni e si y s uden s (338 esponden s) and i was analyzed a se o 85 s uden s who we e in e es ed in he HR p o ession. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS Jena Š a co á, I a S a janíčko á E-ISSN: 2224-2899 251 Issue 3, Volume 10, July 2013 S a is ical cha ac e is ics o 99 high school s uden s, who choose HR Manage as one o hei p e e ed p o essions, a e in able below. Table 1 S a is ical cha ac e is ic o high school esponden s (own sou ce) A e age numbe o p o essions pe s uden 11.21 Selec ed jobs - o al 1110 The a iance 92.026 SEM – s anda d de ia ion 9.593 We can see om he esul ha s uden s a e e y ambiguous (in addi ion o job as HR specialis chose a u he 10 jobs in a e age ha would like o do). High numbe s o p e e ences we e eco ded a posi ions sec e a y, assis an , accoun an . In e es ing is he inding ha s uden s o en p e e ed posi ion as a cle k and wo k in public o s a e adminis a ion. Besides job as HR specialis hey chose jobs om comple ely di e en p o ession ype g oup. Which can mean hei ambi alence and so hei lack o knowledge abou job desc ip ion. I we keep classi ica ion acco ding o Roe s uden s p e e ed o he p o essions om he g oup No 3 - O ganiza ion. Bu hese s uden s choose also p o essions om o he g oups o p o essions No 2 - T ade o No 8 - A s and En e ainmen . They did no p e e p o ession om g oup No 6 - Science o No 5 - Ou doo Ac i i ies. Figu e 1 p esen s p e e ences o high school s uden s (sample o s uden s who choose p o ession HR Manage o hei po olio) – hey p e e p o essions om g oup No 3 – O ganiza ion. High school s uden s and hei job p e e ences Se ices 9% T ade 13% Gene al Cul u e 11% Science 6% Ou doo Ac i i ies 3% Technique and Technology 10% O ganiza ion 34% A s and En e ainmen 14% Fig 1 High school s uden s and hei p o ession p e e ences Figu e 1 shows ha s uden s p e e p o essions om g oup No 3 – O ganiza ion bu hey a e also in e es ed in he posi ions o o he g oups o p o essions. On he abo e sample o s uden s we pe o med clus e analysis and we ied o de ec simila i ies in he p e e ences o he s uden s. To simpli y he analysis, p e e ences we e so ed acco ding o indi idual g oups acco ding o Roe. The me hod used was simple dis ance, nea es neighbo me hod. The esul s o clus e analysis a e shown in he g aph below. Based on hese esul s, we hen di ided he s uden s o de ailed analysis. Fig 2 Clus e analysis – high school s uden s As can be seen om Figu e 2, s uden s can be di ided by he numbe o p e e ences. Simila i ies we e ound in hese g oups: we chose ou g oups wi h a simila numbe o esponden s. S uden s who choose less han 5 p o essions, s uden s who chose be ween 6 and 10 wo k posi ions, s uden s who would like o pu o wa d o 11 - 15 p o essions and hose who a e hinking abou mo e han 16 wo k posi ions. Dis ibu ion o s uden s acco ding o he numbe o p e e ed p o essions, we will also use he de ailed analysis o s uden in e es . We ocused on he wo k p o essions in indi idual g oups acco ding o Roe. Fu u e HR Manage mus be e y mo i a ed o pe o m his posi ion and i is he e o e necessa y ha his p e e ences we e ela i ely clea -cu . The u u e HR Manage mus be highly mo i a ed o wo k on his posi ion. The e o e hei p e e ences mus be ocus on wo king wi h people. Due o his, s uden s we e so ed acco ding o he numbe o p e e ed posi ions. We will ocus on hei o he chosen posi ion and whe he s uden s wi h he same WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS Jena Š a co á, I a S a janíčko á E-ISSN: 2224-2899 252 Issue 3, Volume 10, July 2013 amoun o p e e ences selec ed simila jobs as job in HR a ea. The cha below shows he in e es o s uden s in jobs selec ed by p o essional ype and numbe o p e e ences. F om his Figu e 3 we can clea ly ecognize ha s uden s wi h lowe numbe o p e e ences con i m he Roe’s heo y, while s uden s wi h a highe numbe o p e e ences chose jobs om o he p o essional g oups almos equally. High school s uden s and hei o he job p e e ences <5 <10 <15 Numbe o p e e ences 0 Se ices T ade O ganiza ion Technique and Technology Ou doo Ac i i ies Science Gene al Cul u e A s and En e ainmen P o ession ype Fig 3 High school s uden s and hei p o ession p e e ences acco ding o a numbe o p e e ences S uden s wi h mo e han 10 p e e ed jobs chose posi ion om all p o essional ype. Compa ed o s uden s who chose less han 5 p o essions, hey ocused on jobs om ype O ganiza ion. To de e mine he deg ee o simila i y in each g oup s anda d de ia ion was used. As can be seen om he mod alues in he Table 2, he g oup o p o essions No 3 - O ganizing was mos ly chosen. The s anda d de ia ion has a minimum alue o he i s g oup o s uden ; hose who choose less han 5 p o essions. The mo e p o essions selec ed he highe s anda d de ia ion espec i ely dispe sion is. Table 2 S a is ical cha ac e is ics o high school s uden s - Modus, s anda d de ia ion and a iance __________________________________________ Numbe o p e e ences . Numbe o selec ed p o essions (n) Modus (Mod X) F equency o mod S anda d de ia ion (σ) Va iance (σ 2 ) ≤ 5 88 3 48 3.53 1.88 ≤ 10 216 3 92 5.07 2.25 ≤ 15 365 3 133 5.43 2.33 > 15 221 3 62 5.59 2.36 _______________________________________ Summa y o he esul s o he o e all in e es o he s uden s a e shown g aphically in Figu e 4 oge he wi h he pe cen age o s uden s exp essing in e es abou each g oup o p o essions. S uden s had g ea es in e es in he p o essions om g oup No 3 - O ganizing when hei numbe o selec ed p o essions was unde numbe 5. Wo k in his a ea would like o ge 55% o hem. They we e also in e es ed in employmen in g oup No 2 - T ade (22%). The second g oup o esponden s wi h p e e ences 6-10 p o essions has had an in e es in employmen om he g oup No 3 - O ganizing lowe - 43%. They a e also in e es ed in he p o ession om he g oup No 2 - T ade and om he g oup No 8 - A s and En e ainmen . The hi d g oup o esponden s wi h up o 15 selec ed p e e ences is in e es ed in p o essions om he g oup No 3 a 36%. Responden s also had a g ea in e es in he p o essions o he A s. Las wa ched g oup o s uden s wi h p e e ences om 16 abo e is in e es ed in p o essions om g oup No 3 a 28%. Responden s showed nea ly uni o m in e es in o he g oups o p o essions o he Se ices, T ade, Techniques and Technology, Science, and Cul u e (a ound 10%). The wo k in g oup No 8 - A exp essed in e es 16%. This ocus is e y di e en om he e e ence g oup No 3 - O ganizing. 6% 22% 55% 7% 8% 8% 13% 43% 6% 13% 13% 7% 13% 36% 9% 12% 17% 10% 14% 28% 10% 10% 11% 16% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In e es a e ≤ 5 ≤ 10 ≤ 15 > 15 Numbe o p e e ences Se ices T ade O ganiza ion T & T Ou doo Ac i i ies Science Gene al Cul u e A s & En e ainmen Fig 4 Summa y o p e e ences o high school s uden s acco ding o numbe o p e e ences S a is ical cha ac e is ics o 85 uni e si y s uden s, who choose p o ession HR Manage as one o hei p e e ed p o essions, a e p esen ed in Table 3. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS Jena Š a co á, I a S a janíčko á E-ISSN: 2224-2899 253 Issue 3, Volume 10, July 2013 Table 3 S a is ical cha ac e is ic o uni e si y esponden s (own sou ce) A e age numbe o p o ession s pe s uden 7.51 Selec ed jobs - o al 638 The a iance 21.94 SEM – s anda d de ia ion 4.68 E en hese numbe s do no jus i y s ong in e es o he esponden ’s u u e ca ee . S uden s whom p e e ed job in HR depa men a e in e es ed in o he jobs oo. Especially job like a company manage , s ockb oke o bank employee. This esul does no co espond wi h Roe’s hesis, ha people choose he p o ession o one o a ew close p o essional ype. The cha below shows p e e ences o s uden s who chose on o hei p e e ed p o ession HR Manage . S uden s p e e ed o he jobs om g oup o p o essions No 3 - O ganiza ion, bu despi e he hesis o Roe, mos s uden s p e e also p o essions om g oup No 8 - A s o g oup No 2 - Se ices. These a e comple ely di e en by i s desc ip ion and unc ion han HR p o ession. In e es ing hing is ha s uden s p e e ed highly job as a cle k. This in e es may be caused by p emise o s abili y job in s a e adminis a ion. Uni e si y s uden s and ei job p e e ences T ade 10% Technique and Technology 12% Ou doo Ac i i ies 2% Science 5% Gene al Cul u e 8% A s and En e ainmen 14% Se ices 18% O ganiza ion 31% Fig 5 Uni e si y s uden s and hei job p e e ences To pe o m a de ailed analysis o he esponden s, i is necessa y o di ide he g oup o s uden s. Fo his eason, we apply clus e analysis on he g oup o s uden s and we see i we can ind simila i ies in he esponses o s uden s. Clus e analysis e ealed ha esponden s can be di ided acco ding o he numbe o p e e ences. Analysis esul s a e p ocessed g aphically in Figu e 6. Fig 6 Clus e analysis – uni e si y s uden s Acco ding o he indings, we can di ide he s uden s in o ou g oups. In he i s g oup we examine esponses o s uden s who chose up o 4 p o essions. In he second g oup will ocus on s uden s who chose 5-8 p o essions. The hi d g oup consis s o s uden s who chose 9-12 p o essions. The las g oup consis s o esponden s who chose 13 p o essions and mo e. Subsequen ly, we will ocus on a de ailed analysis o uni e si y s uden s acco ding o speci ic p o essions. We ind i s uden s who a e in e es ed in wo king HR Manage , choose p o essions wi h a simila ocus. The la ges numbe s o s uden s choose 5-8 p o essions. P e e ences o s uden s a e p esen ed in Figu e 7 in he di ision acco ding o he esul s o clus e analysis. P o essions a e di ided in o 8 g oups acco ding o Roe. Uni e si y s uden s and hei o he job p e e ences <5 <10 <15 Numbe o p e e ences 0 Se ices T ade O ganiza ion Technique and Technology Ou doo Ac i i ies Science Gene al Cul u e A s and En e ainmen P o ession ype Fig 7 Uni e si y s uden s and hei job p e e ences acco ding o a numbe o p e e ences WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS Jena Š a co á, I a S a janíčko á E-ISSN: 2224-2899 254 Issue 3, Volume 10, July 2013 The Figu e 7 showed ha s uden s wi h less han 5 job p e e ences choose posi ions om p o ession g oup No 3 - O ganiza ion mo e o en han s uden s wi h a highe numbe o p o ession p e e ence. S uden s wi h mo e han 10 job p e e ences showed almos same in e es in each g oup o p o essions. Disco e ed ac is p o en by he esul s shown in Table 4. In all in es iga ed g oups, s uden s o en chosen p o essions om he g oup No 3 - O ganiza ion, as is e iden om he alues o Mode. Howe e , i s uden s chose mo e p o essions, a iabili y inc eased, as can be seen om he alues o s anda d de ia ion. These alues a e he highes in he hi d g oup o s uden s wi h he numbe p e e ences be ween 9 and 12. Table 4 S a is ical cha ac e is ics o uni e si y s uden s - Modus, s anda d de ia ion and a iance __________________________________________ Numbe o p e e ences Numbe o selec ed p o essions (n) Modus (Mod X) F equency o Mod S anda d de ia ion (σ) Va iance (σ2) ≤ 4 63 3 42 1,51 2,29 ≤ 8 311 3 104 2,30 5,30 ≤ 12 101 3 26 2,52 6,37 > 12 163 3 30 2,42 5,87 Figu e 8 shows he esponses o s uden s classi ied acco ding o he numbe o p o essions and p e e ences. P o essions o he g oup No 3 - O ganiza ion we e selec ed mos o en by s uden s who chose o 4 p o essions. S uden s choose a p o ession in he g oup No 3 in 67%. These s uden s a e in e es ed in he p o ession om o he p o essional g oups o 10%. The second g oup had he la ges numbe o esponden s. Responden s ha ing p e e ence o 8 p o essions chose om he g oup No. 3 in only 33%. These s uden s we e in e es ed in he posi ions om he g oup No 1 - Se ice 20%, and hey we e in e es ed in o he g oups o p o essions in 10%. In he hi d g oup, wi h a numbe o p e e ed p o essions o 12, s uden s chose g oup No 3 - O ganiza ion o 26%. They also we e in e es ed in he p o ession o he g oups No 1 – Se ices and No 8 - A s and En e ainmen . The las g oup is o med by answe s o s uden s who chose mo e han 12 p o essions. In his g oup s uden s a e in e es ed in p o essions om he g oup No 3 - O ganizing in 18%; i is he lowes numbe . S uden s a e in e es ed in he p o ession om he g oup No 1 - Se ices, No 4 - Technique and echnology, and No 8 – A as well. These g oups a e in a comple ely di e en ocus compa ed o he p o essions o he moni o ed g oup No 3 - O ganizing. 5% 10% 67% 10% 6% 20% 12% 33% 10% 5% 7% 12% 22% 7% 26% 10% 7% 13% 15% 18% 9% 18% 18% 7% 6% 7% 18% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In e es a e ≤ 4 ≤ 8 ≤ 12 > 12 Numbe o p e e ences Se ices T ade O ganiza ion T & T Ou doo Ac i i ies Science Gene al Cul u e A s & En e ainmen Fig 8 Summa y o p e e ences o uni e si y s uden s acco ding o numbe o p e e ences Resea ch has shown ha high school s uden s and uni e si y s uden s choose qui e a lo o p o essions om he g oup No 8 - A s and En e ainmen . I a s uden chooses a leas one p o ession om he g oup No 8, we name he s uden as “c ea i e s uden ” o he pu poses o his pape . I is in e es ing o ollow he p opo ion o c ea i e s uden s in all moni o ed iles. Table 5 Pe cen age o c ea i e s uden s Uni e si y High school All s uden s 49% 39% HR Manage s 63% 52% The esul s show ha high school s uden s in he whole g oup o esponden s (1628 s uden s) ha e 39% o c ea i e s uden s, while in he sample HR Manage s he e a e 52% o c ea i e s uden s. The esul s show ha uni e si y s uden s in he whole g oup 338 esponden s ha e 49% o c ea i e s uden s, while in he sample HR Manage s he e a e e en 63% c ea i e s uden s. Bo h o hese esul s indica e ha s uden s, who choose he p o ession HR Manage , a e willing o be c ea i e and wo k in he c ea i e indus ies wi h a highe p obabili y han o he s uden s. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS Jena Š a co á, I a S a janíčko á E-ISSN: 2224-2899 255 Issue 3, Volume 10, July 2013 I we e alua e all esea ch, we ha e o say, ha esea ch con i med ha e en high school s uden s o uni e si y s uden s a e no clea ly o ien ed in any g oup o p o essions acco ding o Roe. They o en choose comple ely di e en p o essions. The e o e hey a e lexible. On he o he hand, i may be a p oblem, because as u u e g adua es hey will end o y many p o essions om di e en p o ession g oups. 4 Conclusion Resea ch has shown ha s uden s' in e es in he HR p o ession is qui e la ge. Howe e , u he analysis showed ha hese s uden s a e highly ambi alen . HR Manage is no hei majo in e es and hey a e no clea ly o ien ed in wo king wi h people oo. I could also mean hey a e lexible and able o change a job acco ding o condi ions on labo ma ke . On he o he hand, wide ange o in e es s cause p oblem wi h u he aspi a ion and insu icien p epa a ion o HR p o ession du ing hei s udies. S uden s eac o he labo ma ke , which is e y a iable, bo h due o he ans o ma ion o he Czech economy om a cen ally planned o a ma ke economy, also due o s ong economic c isis be ween 2008 and 2009. S uden s a e e y lexible and eady o eac quickly o new oppo uni ies. On he o he hand, i may be a p oblem, because as u u e g adua es will end o y mul iple jobs in di e en a eas. This s a emen also p o ed he conclusion o KMPG esea ch. KMPG is a ne wo k o ca ie consul ing companies. They s udied expec a ions o g adua es. The unexpec ed ou come o he s udy was ha 87 % o g adua es expec ed sho e han 5 yea s s ay in i s job. In he Czech Republic he e we e e en 97 % g adua es ha expec ed sho e han 5 yea s s ay in i s job. This was he highes numbe o all esea ched coun ies [10]. The esea ch answe ed he ques ion abou p o essional aspi a ions o s uden s. S uden s do no ha e clea p e e ences o u u es job. Only a small amoun o s uden s choose om 1 o 5 p o essions. The mo e chosen posi ions, he mo e di e si y o chosen p o ession g oups. The less chosen posi ions, he mo e ocus on g oup o p o essions No 3 - O ganiza ion. So i is necessa y ind s uden s wi h p e e ence 1 o 5 p o essions and hi ed hem as HR Manage s. These s uden s a e mainly in e es ed in wo king wi h people. This g oup o s uden s mus be mo i a ed du ing hei s udies, so ha hey will be able o wo k on HRM e ec i ely in he u u e. The esea ch a ea on he labo ma ke is e y speci ic. Especially impo ance o p oblem school g adua es en e ing on he labo ma ke is g owing. In many Eu opean coun ies s uden s a e unsuccess ul when hey en e he labo ma ke ( o example he si ua ion in Spain in 2011, he unemploymen a e o g adua es eached mo e han 40 %). These a e ala ming signals ha should be sol ed. We can see inc easing demands o human esou ces and i s e ec i e using h ough he o ganiza ion nowadays. The e o e HRM is mo e impo an o he companies. The ole o HR depa men employees is changing, oo. Thei wo k has become mo e complex and di icul . Pe sonnel manage has o be quali ied and well expe ienced, because he is he one who can p o ide e ec i e human esou ces managemen and i s de elopmen in he o ganiza ion. HR depa men employees a ec by he pe sonnel selec ion no only he o ganiza ion bu also he social en i onmen . This a icle ocused on he s uden s' in e es in he wo k o pe sonnel in e ms o signi ican changes in local and global condi ions. Cu en esea ch has shown ha hose in e es ed in HR p o ession la gely choose o he p o essions. This may jeopa dize he specializa ion and dep h o s udy in he ield. Follow-up esea ch should show he pa ame e s o he choice o p o ession by s uden s. Ta ge ed analysis based on he sea ch o ac o s enhancing hei p o essional specializa ion can answe he ques ion, wha will be he u u e o human esou ces. The esea ch p esen ed in his pape showed, among o he hings, also inc eased in e es in c ea i e wo k among u u e HR Manage s. Au ho s pe cei e i as e y impo an because ends indica e ha he cu en economy is mo ing owa ds a knowledge-based and c ea i e economy. Fu u e HR Manage s will need o lea n in ad ance a numbe o new p ocedu es and app oaches when wo king wi h he s a o new indus ies and p o essions. S uden s who ha e a posi i e ela ionship wi h he c ea i e p o essions will ha e a compe i i e ad an age. One o he asks o he esea ch p esen ed he e was o es he sui abili y classi ica ion o p o essions acco ding o Roe in mode n condi ions. This classi ica ion is e y use ul when wo king wi h s uden s who do no ha e eal expe ience in he wo king en i onmen ; i is e y in ui i e and use - iendly o s uden s. Resea ch has shown ha he o iginal hesis Roe, which ollowed he esponden s choose p o essions in one occupa ional g oup o a ew g oups o p o essions s anding posi ion side by side, esea ch has con i med only pa ially and only WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS Jena Š a co á, I a S a janíčko á E-ISSN: 2224-2899 256 Issue 3, Volume 10, July 2013 unde condi ions when s uden s chose less han 5 p o essions in hei po olio. 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Sk inja , Tu ning Poin s in Business P ocess O ien a ion Ma u i y Model: An Eas Eu opean Su ey. WSEAS T ansac ions on Business and WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS Jena Š a co á, I a S a janíčko á E-ISSN: 2224-2899 257 Issue 3, Volume 10, July 2013