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New eali ies in he educa ion ield? Keys o unde s anding he
ole o in elligen educa ional obo s
Ped o Baena-Luna*. Uni e si y o Se ille. Se ille (Spain). e-mail: [email p o ec ed]
Es he Ga cía-Río. Uni e si y o Se ille. Se ille (Spain).
Abs ac : Using obo s is ecognized as an inno a i e ool o imp o ing lea ning
p ocesses. This is why many o he wo ks ha ha e add essed hese eali ies ha e
highligh ed how i is a new echnique ha could change he cu en educa ional
app oaches and acili a e s uden s' lea ning in di e en en i onmen s. This chap e aims
o conduc a bibliome ic analysis o he scien i ic li e a u e ha connec s he ela ionship
be ween he eali ies o in elligen educa ional obo s in educa ional en i onmen s. The
scien i ic da abases consul ed we e Web o Science and Scopus, om an ini ial numbe
o 47 and 820 pape s, espec i ely; once he esul s we e uni ied, 169 we e inally selec ed
o analysis. The in o ma ion was p ocessed using he Bibliome ix ool, which p o ided
in o ma ion on he annual p oduc ion and analysis o jou nals, au ho s, documen s,
keywo ds, e c. The esul s will allow us o iden i y he p incipal esea ch ends in his
a ea, es ablish ela ionships be ween hem, and de ec u u e esea ch oppo uni ies.
Keywo ds: in elligen educa ional obo s; e olu ion o educa ion; li e a u e e iew;
bibliome ix
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1. In oduc ion
The in e disciplina y na u e o obo ics has mo i a ed an inc eased in e es in he
educa ional communi y in ecen yea s abou i s possible use and applica ion (1).
Educa ional obo s can be ele an ools hanks o hei abili y o p omo e inno a ion,
help eache s and s uden s de elop p oblem-sol ing skills and con en , and imp o e
knowledge in di e en cu icula ields (2, 3).
Robo s a e, he e o e, ecognized as an inno a i e ool o imp o ing lea ning p ocesses.
This is why many o he wo ks ha ha e add essed hese eali ies ha e highligh ed how
i is a new echnique ha could change cu en educa ional app oaches and acili a e
s uden s' lea ning in di e en en i onmen s (Chu e al., 2022). This is a s aigh o wa d
consequence o he e iden change in he cha ac e is ics o oday's s uden s, which makes
i necessa y o adop new pedagogical app oaches o lea ning in educa ional en i onmen s
(Jed ino ić e al., 2019).
The con inuous ad ances in in o ma ion and communica ion echnologies (ICTs) ha e
led eache s and s uden s o lea n o coexis wi h machines, a o ing collabo a ion o
ob ain and e ec i ely achie e speci ic esul s in he educa ional en i onmen (Huang e
al., 2023). Despi e he di e en expe iences implemen ed in using obo s o educa ional
pu poses, i is essen ial o ocus on mo e han jus he use o echnology as an end in i sel .
To his end, i mus be pa o a plan sha ed by all he ac o s in ol ed and a ec ed by
using obo s o educa ional pu poses (Ben enu i e al., 2023).
The use o obo ics is a phenomenon ha has been a ound o a while. I s beginnings da e
back o he eigh ies in he wen ie h cen u y when he i s models o obo s speci ically
designed o educa ional ac i i ies appea ed and we e ma ke ed by Lego in 1988 (Leos e
& Heidme s, 2019). Despi e he eno mous esea ch e o s o ex ac and show he
imp o emen s in lea ning p ocesses as a consequence o using hese ools, he e a e s ill
some gaps and a eas whe e knowledge abou hem and hei impac on hese p ocesses
can be deepened and imp o ed (Pellas, 2023).
Gi en he abo e, i is necessa y o explo e esea ch wo ks in hese ields u he o un eil
he mechanisms ha will a o he in eg a ion o in elligen educa ional obo s in
educa ional p ocesses. A bibliome ic analysis o he abo e li e a u e may shed ligh on
he di e en cu en and pas app oaches in academia's ea men o he wo eali ies in a
connec ed way. Consequen ly, he ollowing esea ch ques ions a e o mula ed:
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RQ1. Which au ho s a e a he o e on o he scien i ic p oduc ion om he ela ed
scien i ic li e a u e?
RQ2. Which ha e been he pape s wi h he highes impac in subsequen ela ed wo ks?
RQ3. Wha a e he main opics in es iga ed, which coun ies lead his scien i ic
p oduc ion, and which keywo ds a e he mos used in he scien i ic li e a u e analyzed?
RQ4. Wha concep ual, in ellec ual, and social s uc u es we e gene a ed om he
scien i ic li e a u e analyzed?
This chap e will a emp o answe hese ques ions. The main con ibu ions a e he esul s
ob ained om he deep analysis o hese eali ies in a connec ed way: in elligen
educa ional obo s and educa ional en i onmen s. Ano he ele an ac is ha i is one o
he ew wo ks ha , in i s analysis, combines he esul s o wo da abases (Scopus and
Web o Science (WoS)) o pe o m a single in eg a ed analysis.
2. Me hodology
Bibliome ics is a ma u e li e a u e analysis and in o ma ion ex ac ion me hod ha
objec i ely e alua es scien i ic esea ch, o e ing ad an ages in quan i a i e and modeled
esea ch (Xie, Zhang, Wu, e al., 2020). Fo his eason, i s use is sp eading o many
disciplines, pa icula ly sui able o in es iga ing oluminous, agmen ed, and
con o e sial esea ch s eams (A ia & Cuccu ullo, 2017). El análisis bibliomé ico es un
mé odo popula y igu oso pa a explo a y analiza g andes olúmenes de da os
cien í icos pe mi iendo (Don hu e al., 2021)
La jus i icación de la decision de adop a como me odología una mé odo bibliomé ico,
se undamen a en que los es udios de in es igación con da os se conside an más
ele an es que la e aluación subje i a a a és de e isiones adicionales (Nobanee e al.,
2021) y que pe mi e analiza la e olución de un campo especí ico a la ez que pone de
mani ies o las á eas eme gen es en ese campo (Don hu e al., 2021).
Las bases de da os de Thomson (Science Ci a- ion Index, el Social Sciences Ci a ion
Index y A s and Humani ies Ci a ion Index), aho a eag upadas en Web o Science
(WoS), ue on las p incipales uen es de da os bibliomé icos has a 2004, cuando la
edi o ial Reed Else ie lanzó Scopus (A chambaul e al., 2009).
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Figu e 1. Flowcha esea ch me hodology
La base de da os Web o Science es una base de da os impo an e pa a ob ene
in o mación académica global incluyendo más de 8700 e is as académicas básicas en
di e sos desde 1900 (Xie, Zhang, & Duan, 2020). La elección de Scopus, se basa en que
es la mayo base de da os de esúmenes y ci as de li e a u a e isada po pa es (Fa ukh
e al., 2021), con más de 41.000 í ulos uen e ( e is as, ac as de cong esos, se ies de
lib os y publicaciones come ciales) de ap oximadamen e 12.500 edi o iales, de los cuales
ap oximadamen e el 94% son e isados po pa es (Kokol e al., 2021).
The sea ch pe o med in WoS has been "in elligen obo s" and " educa ion ( opic) and in
Scopus (TITLE-ABS-KEY ("in elligen obo s" and "educa ion"). The i s sea ch esul s
e u ned 47 documen s in WoS and 820 in Scopus. The exclusion c i e ia we e applied,
and only he a icle ype was selec ed and published in English. Uni ying he da abases
made i possible o elimina e duplica e documen s and clean he da ase , esul ing in 169
a icles o bibliome ic.
Subsequen ly, he bibliome ic analysis so wa e ools we e e iewed. The objec i e o
his esea ch is o combine he in o ma ion collec ed in he WoS and Scopus da abases,
o which i was decided o use R S udio o uni y he wo se s o esul s and he
Bibliome ix package wi h i s Biblioshiny in e ace as so wa e ools o bibliome ic
analysis. Be o e p ocessing he da a wi h his so wa e, he ollowing s eps we e aken:
(1) Access he web e sion o RS udio, (2) In he console window, ype: ins all.packages
("bibliome ix") and hen lib a y (bibliome ix), (3) Type he command o un he
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Biblioshiny p og am: biblioshiny () (Ab Rashid & Aziz, 2022). Biblioshiny p esen a un
menú que inco po a análisis y g á icos pa a mé icas de es ni eles ( uen e, au o y
documen o) y es es uc u as de conocimien o (concep ual, in elec ual y social) (Mo al-
Muñoz e al., 2020).
This p ocess is summa ized in Figu e 1.
Only a ew bibliome ic s udies me ge he wo da abases o pe o m a single in eg a ed
analysis (Capu o & Ka gina, 2022). The me hodology used in his bibliome ic analysis
p o ides he mos ele an alue by join ly analyzing he documen s ob ained in he WoS
and Scopus da abases.
3. P elimina y Resul s
Las écnicas de análisis bibliomé ico se mani ies an en dos ca ego ías: (1) análisis de
desempeño y (2) mapeo cien í ico. En esencia, el análisis del desempeño da cuen a de las
con ibuciones de los componen es de la in es igación, mien as que el mapeo cien í ico
se cen a en las elaciones en e los componen es de la in es igación (Don hu e al., 2021).
En el análisis del desempeño, las medidas más des acadas son el núme o de publicaciones
como indicado de la p oduc i idad y ci as po año como medida del impac o, ambién
se usan o as medidas, como la ci a po publicación o el índice h que combinan ci as y
publicaciones pa a medi el desempeño (Don hu e al., 2021).El mapeo cien í ico se
cen a en las in e acciones in elec uales y las conexiones es uc u ales en e los
componen es de la in es igación (análisis de ci as, análisis de co-ci as, acoplamien o
bibliog á ico, análisis de co-palab as y análisis de coau o ía) (Don hu e al., 2021).
A e da a p ocessing h ough Bibliome ix, he esul s show a g aphical s a is ical and
ac o ial analysis. Me ics ha e been ob ained o he s udy o pe o mance: o al
publica ions, numbe o au ho s (single au ho and co-au ho ship), numbe o ac i e yea s
o publica ion and p oduc i i y pe publica ion yea , me ics ela ed o eal and a e age
ci a ions, and he collabo a ion index. This echnique has been used o de e mine he end
o ajec o y o in elligen educa ional obo s and educa ional en i onmen s and map he
in ellec ual s uc u e. These esul s p o ide in o ma ion on ela ed esea ch's pas ,
p esen , and u u e. A summa y o he da a analyzed is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Main In o ma ion
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Desc ip ion
Resul s
Timespan
1996:2023
Sou ces (Jou nals, Books, e c)
118
Documen s
169
Annual G ow h Ra e %
13.83
Documen A e age Age
6.27
A e age ci a ions pe doc
15.09
Re e ences
235
Keywo ds Plus (ID)
1748
Au ho 's Keywo ds (DE)
589
Au ho s
568
Au ho s o single-au ho ed docs
19
Single-au ho ed docs
20
Co-Au ho s pe Doc
3.63
In e na ional co-au ho ships %
2.367
A icle
169
Sou ce: Au ho ’s elabo a ion
The i s publica ion da es o 1996, bu only a he beginning o he millennium did
academic in e es in he subjec o s udy begin o awaken. Figu e 2 shows he e olu ion
o he numbe o annual publica ions. The end line shows a p og essi e g ow h since
2001, wi h a u ning poin in 2009. F om his yea un il 2015, he e was a downwa d end
o eco e p og essi e g ow h un il he p esen day.
Figu e 2. G ow h in scien i ic p oduc ion. Sou ce: Au ho ´s elabo a ion
La media de ci as po año p esen a una endencia c ecien e coincidiendo el año de
comienzo de c ecimien o con el año en que despega el in e és po el ema y comienza
y = 0,6686x - 1337,5
R² = 0,5398
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1996 2001 2006 2011 2016 2021
A icles
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aumen a el núme o de documen os publicados po año. Los años 2018 y 2020 con 9,10
y 7,69 ci as medias po año, son los que p esen an mayo ni el de ci as medias.
Figu e 3. A e age Ci a ions Pe Yea . Sou ce: Au ho ´s elabo a ion
Table 2. Au ho s' Local Impac
Elemen
h_index
g_index
m_index
TC
NP
PY_s a
Wang Y
3
4
0,188
56
4
2009
Lee J
2
3
0,08
15
4
2000
Chen L
3
3
0,6
353
3
2020
Li H
2
3
0,667
49
3
2022
Ve ne I
2
3
0,111
14
3
2007
Wu Q
2
3
0,286
28
3
2018
Ahlg en D
2
2
0,111
7
2
2007
Chen C
2
2
0,154
21
2
2012
Cheng G
2
2
0,118
11
2
2008
D'and ea R
2
2
0,08
37
2
2000
The mos p oli ic au ho s a e shown in Figu e 3, which can also be seen in he yea s hey
ha e p esen ed he mos ou s anding p oduc ions. Au ho s J. Lee and Y. Wang a e he
au ho s wi h he highes numbe o publica ions, wi h a o al o ou . The annual ou pu
shows how J. Lee has been a pionee in publishing a icles in his a ea o esea ch since
he published his i s a icle in 2000. I was no un il yea s la e ha he es o he au ho s
began o publish.
y = 0,146x - 0,4028
R² = 0,2287
-2,00
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
1996 2004 2009 2014 2019
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Figu e 3. Au ho s' P oduc ion o e Time. Sou ce: Bibliome ix Tool
Las a iliaciones más ele an es po núme o de publicaciones co esponde con la King
Saud Uni e si y (Riad A abia Saudi a) con seis a ículos y Swa hmo e College
(Pensil ania, USA) con cinco a ículos.
The mos impo an sou ces a e IEEE Acces, which has eigh publica ions, and Robo ics
and Au onomous Sys ems, which has six publica ions. Table 2 shows he en a icles wi h
Elemen h_index g_index m_index TC NP PY_s a
ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS 6 6 0,353 130 62008
IEEE ACCESS 4 8 0,571 375 82018
IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION MAGAZINE 4 5 0,174 101 52002
AI MAGAZINE 3 3 0,12 33 32000
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 3 4 0,176 92 42008
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION 2 3 0,222 27 32016
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2 2 0,25 43 22017
COMPUTERS IN EDUCATION JOURNAL 2 2 0,111 7 2 2007
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY 2 2 0,5 14 22021
IEEE INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 2 2 0,08 67 22000
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he highes numbe o ci a ions. Chen e al., wi h hei a icle "A i icial In elligence in
Educa ion: A Re iew" om 2020, wi h 326 ci a ions. In second place bu wi h ewe
ci a ions is he a icle by Pi o o e al. en i led "Scien i ic de elopmen o sma a ming
echnologies and hei applica ion in B azil" wi h 211.
Table 2. Mos ci ed pape s wi hin scien i ic p oduc ion/ou pu
Ranking
Pape
Ti le
Yea
To al Ci a ions
1
Chen e al.
A i icial In elligence in
Educa ion: A Re iew
2020
326
2
Pi o o e al.
Scien i ic de elopmen o
inno a i e a ming
echnologies and hei
applica ion in B azil
2018
211
3
Li e al.
Rein o cemen Lea ning o
Manipula ion and G asping
Using Dynamical Mo emen
P imi i es o a Humanoidlike
Mobile Manipula o
2018
148
4
Ca uso L.
Digi al inno a ion and he
ou h indus ial e olu ion:
epochal social changes?
2017
117
5
Du e al.
Online Robo Teaching Wi h
Na u al Human–Robo
In e ac ion
2018
73
6
Leo e al.
Who ge s he blame o se ice
ailu es? A ibu ion o
esponsibili y owa d obo
e sus human se ice
p o ide s and se ice i ms
2020
65
7
Edwa ds e al.
Why No Robo Teache s:
A i icial In elligence o
Add essing Teache Sho age
2018
64
8
Liang e al.
Fea o Au onomous Robo s
and A i icial In elligence:
E idence om Na ional
Rep esen a i e Da a wi h
P obabili y Sampling
2017
63
9
Maxwell e
al.
In eg a ing obo ics esea ch
wi h unde g adua e educa ion
2000
58
10
Mu phy e al.
Human–Robo In e ac ion
2010
51
