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Ma ine Biology Resea ch
No embe 2005; 1(5) : 326 - 337
h p://dx.doi.o g/10.1080/17451000500380306
© 2005 Taylo & F ancis
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A chime h p://www.i eme . /docelec/
A chi e Ins i u ionnelle de l’I eme
A new species o sea anemone (Cnida ia: An hozoa: Ac inia ia) om Manus
Basin hyd o he mal en s, Sou h-wes e n Paci ic
Pablo J. López-González1, Es e anía Rod íguez1,2, Michel Segonzac3*
1Biodi e sidad y Ecología de In e eb ados Ma inos, Depa amen o de Fisiología y Zoología, Facul ad de
Biología, Uni e sidad de Se illa, Se illa, Spain e-mail: [email p o ec ed]
2Depa amen o de Biología Ma ina y Oceanog a ía, Ins i u o de Ciencias del Ma , CMIMA (CSIC), Paseo
Ma í imo de la Ba celone a, Ba celona, Spain e-mail: an[email p o ec ed]
3I eme , Cen e de B es , DEEP-LEP/Cen ob, Plouzané, F ance
*: Co esponding au ho : [email p o ec ed]
Abs ac : Du ing he BIOACCESS Japanese c uises (1996 & 1998), ac i e hyd o he malism and
associa ed en auna we e s udied on he Sou h-eas e n Ri o Manus Basin (Sou h-wes e n Paci ic).
In he PACMANUS en ield, a conspicuous en auna was sampled, including an ac inos olid sea
anemone (Ac inia ia) belonging o an undesc ibed genus and species. Pacmanac is hashimo oi gen.
e spec. no . is he e desc ibed, and ep esen s he 9 h sea anemone epo ed om hyd o he mal
en s.
Keywo ds: Ac inia ia, Ac inos olidae, hyd o he mal en s, back-a c basins, Manus Basin
Pacmanac is-Shinji-180205.doc
A NEW SPECIES OF SEA ANEMONE (CNIDARIA: ANTHOZOA:
ACTINIARIA) FROM MANUS BASIN HYDROTHERMAL VENTS, SOUTH-
WESTERN PACIFIC
Pablo J. López-González1, Es e anía Rod íguez1, 2 & Michel Segonzac3
1: Biodi e sidad y Ecología de In e eb ados Ma inos, Depa amen o de Fisiología y
Zoología, Facul ad de Biología, Uni e sidad de Se illa, Reina Me cedes 6, 41012 –
Se illa, Spain (e-mail: [email p o ec ed]).
2: Depa amen o de Biología Ma ina y Oceanog a ía, Ins i u o de Ciencias del Ma ,
CMIMA (CSIC), Paseo Ma í imo de la Ba celone a, 37-49, 08003 Ba celona, Spain (e-
mail: [email p o ec ed]).
3: I eme , Cen e de B es , DRO-EP/Cen ob, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, F ance (e-mail:
[email p o ec ed]).
Key wo ds: Ac inia ia, Ac inos olidae, hyd o he mal en s, back-a c basins, Manus
Basin, sea anemones.
Abs ac
Du ing he BIOACCESS Japanese c uises (1996 & 1998), ac i e hyd o he malism and
associa ed en auna we e s udied on he Sou heas e n Ri o Manus Basin (Sou h-
wes e n Paci ic). In he Pacmanus en ield, a conspicuous en auna was sampled,
including an ac inos olid sea anemone belonging o an undesc ibed genus and species.
Pacmanac is hashimo oi gen. e spec. no . is he e desc ibed, and ep esen s he nin h
sea anemone epo ed om hyd o he mal en s.
1
In oduc ion
Eigh species o sea anemones ha e been documen ed om hyd o he mal en s. Six o
hem belong o he amily Ac inos olidae and wo species belong o he amily
Ho ma hiidae (see Desb uyè es & Segonzac, 1997; Fau in & Ba be , 1999; López-
González e al., 2003). F om he A lan ic Ocean, he occu ence o wo ac inos olid
species was poin ed ou : Pa asicyonis ingol i Calg en, 1942 and Ma ac is imica i o a
Fau in & Ba be , 1999. F om he Paci ic Ocean, ou ac inos olid species ha e been
epo ed (one o hem iden i ied only a gene ic le el): Ac inos ola sp. [as Ac inos ola
sp. in he ex , bu as Ac inos ola callosa (Ve ill 1882) in he igu e, see Doumenc &
an P aë , 1988, ig. 1], Cyanan hea hyd o he mala Doumenc & Van-P aë , 1988,
Ma ianac is by hios Faus in & Hessle , 1989 and Pa an hosac is denha ogi Lopez-
Gonzalez e al., 2003. Ac inos ola callosa and C. hyd o he mala we e collec ed a Eas
Paci ic Rise (EPR) en s, 12º48’N-103º56’W, 2635 m, while M. by hios was sampled a
Ma iana back-a c basin 18º11’N-144º42.4’E, 3660 m, and P. denha ogi a Guaymas
Basin, Gul o Cali o nia, 27°00.94’-111°24.66’W, 2025 m. To p esen , only wo
ho ma hiid species ha e been epo ed om hyd o he mal en s, bo h om EPR-13°N:
Chond ophellia co ona a (Ve ill, 1883) and Phelliac is sp. (Doumenc & Van-P aë
1988). In his pape , we desc ibe a new genus and species o ac inos olid collec ed
du ing he wo Japanese C uises BIOACCESS’96 and BIOACCESS’98, a he
hyd o he mal en a ea o PACMANUS, Pual Ridge, Bisma k Sea in he SW Paci ic, N
o Papua New Guinea (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Map indica ing he hyd o he mal (PACMANUS) en whe e Pacmanac is hashimo oi gen. e spec.
no . desc ibed in his pape was collec ed.
Ma e ial and Me hods
The se en specimens s udied he e we e collec ed du ing he BIOACCESS’96
and ‘98 c uises o ganized by he Japan Agency o Ma ine-Ea h Science and
Technology (JAMSTEC) and conduc ed by Jun Hashimo o (Nagasaki Uni e si y), on
boa d he R/V Na sushima, equipped wi h he manned subme sible Shinkai 2000, om
26 Oc obe o 29 No embe 1996 and 13 o 25 No embe 1998. The main goal o hese
c uises was he s udy o he composi ion, dis ibu ion, ecology and di e si y o
2
hyd o he mal en auna on PACMANUS (1700 m) and DESMOS (1900 m) si es o
Manus Basin (Hashimo o e al. 1999, and Fig. 1).
A e eco e y, he sea anemones we e ixed in 10% seawa e o malin, and hen
p ese ed in 70% e hanol. F agmen s om selec ed specimens we e dehyd a ed in
bu hanol (Johansen, 1940) and embedded in pa a in. His ological sec ions 7-8 µm hick
we e s ained wi h Ramón y Cajal's T iple S ain (Gabe, 1968).
Cnidae measu emen s we e made om p ese ed ma e ial in squash p epa a ions a
1000x magni ica ion wi h Noma ski di e en ial in e e ence con as op ics.
F equencies gi en a e subjec i e imp essions based on squash p epa a ions.
The ma e ial s udied in his a icle is deposi ed in he Na ional Science Museum o
Tokyo (NSMT), and he collec ion o he esea ch eam “Biodi e sidad y Ecología de
In e eb ados Ma inos” o he Facul y o Biology a he Uni e si y o Se ille in Spain
(BEIM).
Resul s
Phylum CNIDARIA
O de ACTINIARIA He wig, 1882
Family ACTINOSTOLIDAE Ca lg en, 1932
Pacmanac is gen. no .
Diagnosis.— Ac inos olidae wi h well de eloped, adhe en , and ci cula pedal disc.
Column smoo h, dis al pa including o al disc wide han mid-column and pedal disc,
no di isible in o scapus and scapulus.Sphinc e dis inc ly ma ked dis ally as a
p ominen ci cum e en ial ma ginal idge, ela i ely weak, mesogloeal, wi h well-
isola ed lacunae. Ten acles o uni o m hickness along en i e leng h. Inne en acles
longe han ou e , wi h mic obasic b-mas igopho es basally. Longi udinal en acle and
o al disc ci cula muscula u e ec ode mal; ha o en acles equally well de eloped on
all sides. Mesen e ies no a ayed acco ding o Ac inos ola ule; i s and second cycles
o mesen e ies pe ec ; all s onge ones e ile, including he di ec i es. Two well
de eloped siphonoglyphs and wo pai s o di ec i es. Re ac o muscles di use;
pa ie obasila muscles no di e en ia ed; basila muscula u e di e en ia ed. Mesogloea
ela i ely hick. Same numbe o mesen e ies dis ally and p oximally. Cnidom:
spi ocys s, basi ichs, holo ichs, mic obasic b-mas igopho s, mic obasic p-
mas igopho es.
Type species.— Pacmanac is hashimo oi spec. no .
E ymology and gende .— The gene ic name is de i ed om he ype locali y
(PACMANUS) and he wo d –ac is, a common su ix in ac inia ian gene a. The
gende is eminine.
Pacmanac is hashimo oi spec. no .
(Figu es 2-6, able 1)
Type ma e ial. Holo ype: NSMT, BIOACCESS’98 c uise, di e 1075, 22 No . 1998,
SW Paci ic, Manus Basin (N o Papua New Guinea), hyd o he mal en a ea
3
PACMANUS, Field D, Ba nacles si e, 03843.60?S-151840.32?E, 1674 m, 1 specimen
pa ially dissec ed and his ological slides. Pa a ypes: MNHN, wi h he same sampling
da a as he holo ype, 1 specimen; NSMT, wi h he same sampling da a as he holo ype,
2 specimens.
Addi ional ma e ial. BEIM, 2 specimens, BIOACCESS’98 c uise, PACMANUS
(sample M 13, ield E), wi h he same sampling da a as he ype ma e ial;
NSMT, 1 specimen, BIOACCESS’96 c uise, di e 913, 3. No . 1996, SW Paci ic, Manus Basin,
PACMANUS, Field D, si e Kai-Kai, 03843.73?S- 151840.18?E, 1627 m.
Figu e 2. Pacmanac is hashimo oi gen. e spec. no . P ese ed specimens. (A) La e al iew o he ype
ma e ial, holo ype (NSMT), and pa a ypes (MNHN on he le and NSMT he wo specimens on he
cen e o he pic u e). (B) O al iew o holo ype and pa a ype (MNHN), showing he nume ous en acles.
(C_/E) Specimen (BEIM) in o al, la e al and abo al iew, showing he wide o al disc in compa ison wi h
he pedal disc. (F_/G) Specimen NSMT (no ype) showing he wide o al disc in compa ison wi h he
pedal disc. (H)De ail o he specimen illus a ed in G, showing he dis inc ma ginal idge o med by he
sphinc e and he sho en acle o he las cycle. Abb e ia ions: ho, holo ype; m , ma ginal idge; od, o al
disc; pa, pa a ype; pd, pedal disc. Scale ba s: A_/H, 10 mm.
4

Desc ip ion.— Ex e nal ana omy ( igs 2, 3): Column smoo h, much b oade dis ally
han p oximally; in p ese ed specimens diame e up o 12 mm, heigh up o 12 mm
Dis al pa o he column dis inc ly ma ked as a p ominen ci cum e en ial ma ginal
idge ha con ains he dis al pa o he sphinc e (Figu e 2B, G, H). Rela ed o
di ec i e endocoels dis ally, a pai o minu e ‘ ube cle-like’ s uc u es (abou 0.25
mm in diame e ) (Figu e 3D_/F), di icul o obse e bu isible in he la ge
s udiedspecimens. Pedal disc well de eloped, adhe en , ci cula , o 10 mm in
diame e . O al disc much wide han column. Ten acles abou 100, inne en acles
longe han ou e ones, up o 10 mm in p ese ed specimens ( ig. 2B-H), wi hou
basal hickening, wi h a dis inc e minal po e.
In e nal ana omy ( igs 3-6): In longi udinal sec ion ( ig. 3A), ac inopha ynx occupying
hal o he o al column leng h ( om pedal disc o o al disc).
5
Figu e 3. Pacmanac is hashimo oi gen. e spec. no . P ese ed specimens. (A) Pa a ype (MNHN) cu
longi udinally, showing he wide o al disc, ma ginal idge o med by he sphinc e , sho ac inopha ynx
and ilamen s on he olde mesen e ies. (B) Specimen NSMT (no ype) cu longi udinally, pha ynx is
pa ially p o uded o he ex e io , bu he wide o al disc and he ma ginal idge o med by he sphinc e
a e clea ly obse able. (C) De ail o B, showing he ma ginal idge. (D) De ail o he specimen in A,
showing he ‘ ube cle-like’ s uc u e ela ed o he di ec i e endocoele (a owed). (E) De ail o D. (F) The
same specimens o A, de ail o he ‘ ube cle-like’ s uc u e ela ed o he opposi e di ec i e endocoele
showed in D and E. Abb e ia ions: ap, ac inopha ynx; co, column; di, pai o di ec i e mesen e ies; m ,
mesen e ic ilamen s; m , ma ginal idge; ms, mesogloeal sphinc e ; pd, pedal disc; si, siphonoglyph; e,
en acles. Scale ba s: A and C, 5 mm; B, 10 mm; D, 1 mm; E and F, 0.25 mm.
Equal numbe o mesen e ies dis ally and p oximally. Mesen e ies hexame ously
a anged in ou cycles, only he i s and second cycles pe ec and e ile ( ig. 4A, B).
Two pai s o e ile di ec i es, connec ed wi h well-de eloped siphonoglyphs. Re ac o
muscula u e di use a ac inopha ynx le el, a lowe le els, dis almos mesogloeal a cs
mo e de eloped han p oximal ones. Re ac o muscula u e well de eloped in he i s
and second cycles ( ig. 4A, B). Thi d and ou h cycle o mesen e ies wi hou ilamen s.
Thi d cycle wi h sho e ac o muscula u e. Fou h cycle poo ly de eloped, bu
o e laying gas ode mis hickness. Mesogloea and gas ode mis o he siphonoglyphs
sligh ly wide han he mesogloea and he gas ode mis o he ac inopha ynx.
Pa ie obasila muscula u e no di e en ia ed along he en i e mesen e y leng h. Basila
muscula u e poo ly de eloped ( ig. 4C). Game ogenic issue welll de eloped in
specimens collec ed in No embe ; gonocho ic; de eloping spe ma ic esicles ( o 0.23
mm in diame e in p ese ed specimens). Sphinc e muscle mesogloeal, ela i ely weak,
small al eoli well-isola ed, sligh ly hugs epide mal side, occupying all o abou h ee
ou h o he mesogloea hickness, (Figu e 4D, E).
O al disc (Figu e 5ª, B) and en acles wi h ec ode mal longi udinal muscula u e ( ig. 5C,
D). Column wall o simila hickness along en i e leng h. Epide mis 0.04-0.06 mm;
mesogloea 0.30-0.40 mm, ela i ely hick, and gas ode mis 0.06-0.08 mm hick.
Cnidom: Spi ocys s, basi ichs, holo ichs, mic obasic b-mas igopho es, and
mic obasic p-mas igopho es. A su ey o he cnidae is p esen ed in able 1 and
igu e 6.
6
Figu e 4. Pacmanac is hashimo oi gen. e spec. no . Holo ype. (A) C oss sec ion a ac inopha ynx
le el. (B) De ail o A. (C) Longi udinal sec ion o pedal disc. (D) Longi udinal sec ion o ma gin. (E)
De ail o mesogloeal lacunae o he sphinc e . Abb e ia ions: 1, pai o mesen e ies o he i s cycle; 2,
pai o mesen e ies o he second cycle; 3, pai o mesen e ies o he hi d cycle; 4, pai o mesen e ies o
he ou h cycle; ap, ac inopha ynx; bm, basila muscle; di, di ec i es; m , ma ginal idge; ms, mesogloeal
sphinc e ; ne, nema ocys s; pd, pedal disc; m, e ac o muscle; si, siphonoglyph; e, en acle. Scale ba s:
A and B, 1 mm; C and E, 0.2 mm; D, 0.4 mm.
7
Figu e 5. Pacmanac is hashimo oi gen. e spec. no . Holo ype. (A and B) C oss sec ion h ough
ec ode mal adial o al disc muscula u e. (C) C oss sec ion o an ou e en acle basally, showing a clea
concen a ion o nema ocys s on i s abo al side (le side o he pho o). (D) C oss sec ion o a en acle a
di e en le el han in C, wi hou concen a ion o nema ocys s, showing mesogloea and ec ode mal
longi udinal muscula u e o simila de elopmen in o al and abo al sides. (E) Longi udinal sec ion a
ma gin showing he concen a ion o nema ocys s along he o al pa o he ma ginal idge and basal
abo al po ion o ou e en acles. (F) De ail o ma ginal idge and en acle; no e concen a ion o
nema ocys s. Abb e ia ions: as, abo al side; ep, epide mis; ga, gas ode mis; lm, longi udinal
muscula u e; me, mesogloea; m , ma ginal idge; os, o al side; e, en acle. Scale ba s: A and B, 0.075; C,
D and F, 0.2 mm; E, 0.5 mm.
8
Ecological ema ks. The ophic beha io o he new species is no known. Ma ac is
imica i o a, associa ed wi h he Mid-A lan ic Ridge hyd o he mal en s, can eed on
sh imps (Rimica is exocula a), which pa icula ly abundan on hese si es (Van Do e
e al., 1997). The ac inos olid Ma ianac is c . by hios (Van Do e , 2002), wich is e y
abundan on he ecen ly disco e ed si e Kai ei Field (Rod iguez T iple Junc ion,
eas e n Indian Ocean), migh simila ly eed on he sh imps Rimica is kai ei (Van Do e
e al., 2001). I is unclea i sh imps a e he only p ey o he ac inos olid anemones.
Indeed, wi hin he communi y o Ma iana back-a c basin, whe e sh imps a e no e y
abundan , he anemone Ma ianac is by hios was he dominan biomass species
inhabi ing he pe iphe y o he en s. In compa ison o he majo i y o he Mid-A lan ic
Ridge and Eas Paci ic Ridge hyd o he mal si es, he Lau, N-Fiji and Manus back-a c
basins shel e small sized and less abundan anemones. No anemones we e obse ed a
he Manus Basin si es. I is di icul o say i i is he consequence o a declining
ac i i y, as i was sugges ed o he Kai-Kai si e, ollowing wo obse a ions in 1996
and 1998 (Hashimo o e al., 1999). Pacmanac is hashimo oi has no been iden i ied
wi h ce ain y ou side he a eas s udied in his pape . Howe e , se e al ‘whi ish’ sea
anemones a e o en eco ded by pho og aphic and ideo de ices in many o he
chemoau o ophic en i onmen s, as o example SEPR (Sou h Eas Paci ic Rise,
BIOSPEEDO c uise). The de ailed s udy o ha ma e ial will be he goal
o u he con ibu ions. Addi ional s udies o he anemones collec ed by he F ench
c uise BIOLAU and he F ench-Japanese c uise STARMER in 1989 (Desb uye` es e
al. 1994) migh gi e new insigh s in o biogeog aphic ela ionships among anemones o
he wes e n Paci ic back-a c basins, and, in gene al, in o he Paci ic en si es.
Acknowledgemen s
The au ho s hank he Chie scien is Jun Hashimo o o he BIOACCESS’96 and
BIOACCESS’98 (Biological In es iga ion O A Chemosyn he ic Communi y:
Ecological and Sys ema ic Su ey) c uises, o ganized JAMSTEC, and he c ew o RV
Na sushima and subme sible Shinkai 2000, o collec ing specimens and making
a ailable hem o s udy. Since e hanks a e ex ended o Shinji Tsuchida (JAMSTEC,
Japan), o his imp o emen s o he manusc ip . We also hank V. Ma in o p epa ing
he map ( ig. 1). Pa ial suppo was p o ided by a MCT-CSIC g an (I3P-BPD2001) o
Es e anía Rod íguez. Tony K upa is hanked o e iewing he inal English e sion.
The au ho s a e also hank ul o commen s and sugges ions gi en by V eni
Häusse mann and an anonymous e e ee.
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