Ma ia%de%Nolasco%San os%
ADAPTIVE(FASHION(AND(DIGITAL(TECHNOLOGIES(
IN(POST(MASTECTOMY(
UNDERGARMENT%PERSONALIZATION%AS%A%WAY%OF%
EMPOWERING%WOMEN%
(
(
Disse a ion(in( he(con ex (o ( he(Mas e ’s(in(Design(and(Mul imedia(ad ised(
by(P o esso (Paula(Alexand a(Sil a(and(p esen ed( o( he(Facul y(o (Sciences(
and(Technology(/(Depa men (o (In o ma ics(Enginee ing(o ( he(Uni e si y(o (
Coimb a.
Janua y%2023%
ii
ADAPTIVE FASHION AND DIGITAL
TECHNOLOGIES IN POST MASTECTOMY
unde ga men pe sonaliza ion as a
way o empowe ing women
Disse a ion in he con ex o he Mas e ’s Deg ee
in Design and Mul imedia
Ma ia de Nolasco San os
Ad iso
Paula Alexand a Sil a
i
MARIA DE NOLASCO SANTOS
Janua y 2023
MSC IN DESIGN & MULTIMEDIA
Facul y o Science and Technology o
Uni e si y o Coimb a!
!
ADVISOR
Paula Alexand a Sil a
JURY
Ped o Ma ins
Ma iana Seiça

i
ii
Ag adecimen os
À minha o ien ado a,
Po e acei e emba ca nes e p ojec o, po e compa ilhado o en usiasmo pelo
ema da disse ação e pela disponibilidade demons ada.
Às minhas amigas e colegas de Mes ado, em especial o Edua do,
Pela ajuda essencial no desen ol imen o des a disse ação, pelas explicações e
pela pa ilha de conhecimen o. Ana So ia, Di a, Bea iz, Valé ia, I ina e Bá ba a, as
que consegui am o na am es es dois anos mais animados.
À Rádio Uni e sidade de Coimb a,
Po me e mos ado um hobbie no o, que an as ezes se iu como escape du an e
es e pe cu so. Pelas amizades que me deu, e pelo espaço em que an as ho as
passei lá a abalha .
Aos meus amigos Samuel e Inês,
Po es a em semp e disponí eis a ou i em os meus desaba os e a ajuda -me da
melho o ma que consegui am.
Aos meus pais e ao meu i mão,
Pelo apoio incansá el ao longo de odo o meu pe cu so académico, e a
enco aja em-me a con inua es e p ojec o.
A odas as mulhe es que con ibuí am nes e p ojec o,
Sem es as, a disse ação não se ia me ade do que é. A pa ilha des a expe iência
ão pessoal, de o ma ão le e e abe a, oi a cha e pa a o desen ol imen o des e
p ojec o. Ob igada po me mos a em a enca a as ad e ências da ida de o ma
posi i a, e semp e com um so iso.
iii
ix
Abs ac
Women who ha e unde gone mas ec omies ace a ious changes and go h ough a numbe o
s uggles, bo h physically and psychologically. This may lead o he loss o hei sense o
eminini y and sel -es eem. One pa icula challenge ha women who ha e unde gone
mas ec omies ace eme ges om he lack o unde ga men op ions ha a e adap ed o hei
speci ic needs, whils being ashionable. The igh unde ga men op ions could help ackle
he nega i e consequences o hei condi ion and posi i ely in luence hei men al s a e and
sense o inclusion. Adap i e ashion may a o d us a way o con ibu e o sol ing his
p oblem, ha ing he po en ial o e olu ionize he ashion indus y. This disse a ion epo s
on he design, de elopmen , and e alua ion o a p oo o concep o an app ha allows
women who ha e unde gone mas ec omies o i ually y a b a and pe sonalize i acco ding
o hei p e e ences. To de elop his wo k, a se o ac i i ies was ca ied ou . Eigh in e iews
we e ca ied ou wi h ou women who had unde gone a mas ec omy and ou heal h
p o essionals. The ou women also pa icipa ed in a pho o elici a ion ac i i y. Ha ing gained
a deepe insigh in o he con ex o he p oblem and he needs o women who ha e unde gone
mas ec omies, a 3D b a model and p o o ypes o inc easing ideli y o he p oo o concep
we e c ea ed. The inal p o o ype was e alua ed h ough usabili y es ing and wo sel -
epo ing pos session ques ionnai es wi h eigh pa icipan s. The esul s o he usabili y es s
showed ha he p oo o concep is easy o na iga e and use. This was con i med by he
esul s o he pos session ques ionnai e, which e ealed an unanimous posi i e esponse
owa ds he p oo o concep . We hope his wo k con ibu es no only o imp o ing he li e o
women who ha e unde gone a mas ec omy and o he women wi h simila issues, con ibu ing
as well o he a ea o adap i e and inclusi e ashion.
Keywo ds: Adap i e Fashion, Ga men Pe sonaliza ion, Unde ga men , B eas Cance ,
Mas ec omy
x i
4.1. S o yboa d 40
4.2. In e iews 42
4.2.1. Rec ui men 42
4.2.2. P ocedu es 43
4.2.3. Resul s and analysis 45
4.2.3.1. Resul s and analysis o women’s in e iews 46
4.2.3.2. Resul s and analysis heal h ca e p o essionals in e iews 50
4.2.4. Implica ions o design 52
4.3. Pho o Elici a ion 53
4.3.1. P ocedu es 53
4.3.3. Implica ions o design 60
4.4. Chap e summa y 61
5. Visual design and modeling 61
5.1. 3D modeling 61
5.2. Visual iden i y and s yle guide 65
5.3. Typog aphy 65
5.4. Colo scheme 66
5.5. Logo ype 70
5.6. Layou and g id 71
5.7. Iconog aphy 72
5.8. Chap e summa y 74
6. Use in e ace design and e alua ion 75
6.1. App low 75
6.2. Inc easing ideli y p o o ypes 77
6.2.1. Low- ideli y p o o ype 77
6.2.2. Medium- ideli y p o o ype 79
6.2.3. High- ideli y p o o ype 86
6.3. Usabili y es s 89
6.3.1. Goals 89
6.3.2. Pa icipan s 89
6.3.3. P ocedu es 89
6.3.4. Tasks 90
6.4. Resul s and key insigh s 92
6.5. Implica ions o design 97
6.6. Chap e summa y 97
7. Conclusions and inal ema ks 98
7.1. Wo k de eloped 98
7.2. S eng hs and ca ea s 99
7.3. Final ema ks 100
8. Re e ences 102

x ii
Annexes 107
Annex 1 - Reques o e hical app o al 107
Annex 2 - Ini ial wo k plan 115
Annex 3 - Ini ial s o yboa ds 116
Annex 4 - In e iews ansc ip s 117
Annex 5 - Womens’ common g ound a ini y diag am 121
Annex 6 - Heal h ca e p o essionals common g ound a ini y diag am 122
Annex 7 - Common g ound be ween bo h g oups a ini y diag am 123
Annex 8 - A ini y diag ams o in e iew analysis pe in e iewee 124
Annex 6 - P esen a ion used in he pho o elici a ion ac i i y 131
Annex 7 - Fi s es s o he logo ype 143
Annex 8 - Low ideli y p o o ypes conduc ed be o e achie ing he inal ones 144
Annex 9 - Final layou s o he p oo o concep , p o o yped in Figma 147
Annex 10 - Di e en colo s and ma e ials he b a model can p esen 157
Annex 11 - Usabili y es sc ip 160
1
1.
In oduc ion
Acco ding o he Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o (Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o, n.d.),
he second mos common ype o cance amongs women (also in he numbe o a ali ies),
a e skin cance , is b eas cance . The las p esen ed numbe s show ha in 2020, in Po ugal,
7 000 new cases o b eas cance we e de ec ed, and 1 800 women passed away on accoun o
his disease (Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o, n.d.).
The ea men s ha women who ha e been diagnosed wi h b eas cance unde go do no
always p e en he need o a su ge y, mas ec omy, whe e he b eas can be pa ially o
comple ely emo ed as a way o ea o p e en b eas cance . A e such an in asi e su ge y
woman expe ience physical and psychological consequences, as he body goes h ough
changes, becoming de o med and impac ing he way clo hes i .
One o he ga men s women use on a daily basis and need o ake special a en ion o on he
pos ope a i e s age a e unde ga men s like b as. A e a mas ec omy, women can no longe
wea a b a wi h a igh i and unde wi es. The e a e c ucial aspec s ha need o be aken in o
conside a ion, such as emo ing unde wi es, no placing padding in he b a and aking special
a en ion o he used ab ic. I would be expec ed ha he ashion indus y had he o e o
a ious op ions o women who ha e unde gone a mas ec omy, howe e , sea ching he
In e ne widely o op ions, his is no he case. This unde lines he impo ance o
unde s anding he needs o women who a e ba ling b eas cance when i comes o ga men s
and d essing. As Sophie Coope , CEO o he b and I AM DENIM, s a es
1
“Clo hes shopping
can be a challenge wi hou a disabili y bu imagine going shopping wi h he added anxie y o
knowing mos clo hes a e no e en close o being designed o you needs. No one should
eel o go en o excluded om some hing as simple as inding ashionable clo hes ha i
and make hem eel good”.
Building upon he cu en knowledge in he ield o adap i e ashion and ga men
pe sonaliza ion, his disse a ion aims o s udy he needs o women who ha e unde gone a
mas ec omy and had one o bo h b eas s emo ed (pa ially o comple ely) o hen design a
p oo o concep o an app ha allows hese women o i ually y a b a and allows o he
possibili y o pe sonalize and adap he b as o hei speci ic needs and measu es.
1.1.
Scope and mo i a ion
Fashion and clo hing can ha e bo h unc ional and symbolic alues. As unc ional alues, he
mos ele an ones a e p o ec ion and com o agains na u al elemen s. Symbolic alues
1
h ps://en. ogue.me/ ashion/adap i e- ashion-b ands/
2
include sel -es eem, s a e o mind, g oup-membe ship, deco a ion and espec abili y
(Rosenblad-Wallin, 1985). No ha ing pieces o clo hing adap ed o he needs o niche
popula ions, can con ibu e o e en bigge social ba ie s, wi h less social pa icipa ion and
sel -isola ion (Jones e al., 2020).
Al hough he e has been a ising awa eness, om he designe s, in e ms o adap i e ashion
and c ea ing ga men s ha a e unc ional o disabled people, he o e , s yle and aes he ics
con inue o be e y limi ed. “The ashion indus y needs o ealize he e is a eal demand o
inclusi i y, and a o dable, accessible s ylish clo hing” (B emne , 2021).
The impac o b eas cance is no o ious, since women who ha e unde gone a mas ec omy
need o emb ace a lo o adjus men s, emo ionally and physically. Besides all he heal h isks
ha women ace, hey also ha e o deal wi h a ec ed body image, since b eas s can play a
e y impo an ole when i comes o o e all eelings o a ac i eness, ma e ni y and
eminini y (Bea d, 2011). Aside om he di icul ies men ioned be o e, women also s uggle
wi h he i and com o o a ga men , in he pos -su ge y phase. Keeping he p oblems
connec ed wi h com o , i , s yle and aes he ics in mind, we can see how di icul i can be o
ge such an o he wise mundane clo hing i em.
1.2.
Goals and con ibu ion
A e mas ec omy, women need o ake special a en ion o he ype o unde ga men s hey
use, since a egula b a can cause discom o and i i a ion a ound he ches a ea,
comp omising he eco e y; i is also c ucial o a oid igh i ed op ions and unde wi es
(Bea d, 2011). A e esea ching abou adap i e ashion and solu ions o pos -mas ec omy
women, i was unde s andable ha he unde ga men s op ions a ailable o his niche o he
popula ion a e limi ed and unappealing (Figu e 1). Besides his, unde ga men s a e no
adjus ed o each woman and he needs, which is exace ba ed once a woman has unde gone
mas ec omy, con ibu ing o he eeling women ha e o no being aken in o accoun by he
ashion indus y. As a esul , low sel -es eem and sel -image a e likely o eme ge, making
women s uggle e en mo e, since clo hes can ha e he powe o change he way each pe son
eels abou hemsel es (Gao, 2016, p. 10).
3
The main goal, and subsequen con ibu ion o his disse a ion, is he design, de elopmen
and e alua ion o a p oo o concep o an app, cu a ed especially o women who ha e
unde gone mas ec omy. The p oo o concep o he app should enable women o y ou , a
home, a b a ailo ed o hei speci ic needs.
Wi h his app oach, he p esen disse a ion in ends o gain a deepe knowledge abou
women’s expe iences a e mas ec omy, how hey eel and become awa e o he
unde ga men choices in he pos -op s age. Likewise, i is o bes in e es o wo k side by side
wi h ele an people, such as women who ha e unde gone mas ec omy and heal h ca e
p o essionals ha assis hese women, as a way o ob aining his deepe knowledge.
None heless, an indi idual s age o he p ojec was also conduc ed, anging om he 3D
modula ion o a b a model o he use in e ace design and in e ac i e implemen a ion, wi h
he subsequen alida ion wi h end use s. By combining he ields o ga men pe sonaliza ion
and adap i e ashion, h ough echnology, we hope o con ibu e as a way o celeb a ing he
uniqueness and au hen ici y o each woman, while keeping com o and sa e y in mind.
1.3.
Me hodology
As s a ed in he p e ious sec ion, his wo k elies on he pa icipa ion o end use s, such as
women who ha e unde gone mas ec omy and heal h ca e p o essionals ha wo k side by side
wi h hese women. So, a pa icipa o y design app oach was chosen as a way o guiding he
de elopmen o he wo k.
Figu e 1 - Pos mas ec omy b a
4
Choosing a pa icipa o y design app oach, such as co-design, is a way o unde s and and
imp o e he use 's expe iences by in ol ing key use s and s akeholde s in all he di e en
design s ages (Co - Design Guide, 2018). Co-design also p o ides a way o disco e he
blindspo s in al eady exis ing p oduc s, o se ices (Kunia sky e al., 2012), p o iding he
designe / esea che , who can pe ec ly be he same pe son (Sande s & S appe s, 2008), wi h
in o ma ion abou pe sonal aspi a ions and alues.
In o de o ollow his me hodology, a ious ac i i ies can be planned. To s a he p ocess,
he e is he need o choose and con ac key use s. A e his s ep, di e en ac i i ies can be
ollowed, such as hose ha eso o gene a i e ac i i ies. Acco ding o Mike Kunia sky
(2012), dialogic and gene a i e echniques a e e y use ul in he explo a o y esea ch s age,
which is he beginning poin o he de elopmen o his disse a ion. Pho o elici a ion sessions
a e one example o ac i i y ha can be conduc ed, in o de o “open up space o explo a ion”
(Kunia sky e al., 2012, p. 231). In e iews also ake place, wo king side by side wi h he
p e ious pa icipan s men ioned.
The in o ma ion collec ed in he ac i i ies will help in he de elopmen s age o his wo k.
P o o yping will ollow, being di ided in o e ol ing ideli y p o o ypes. To make su e ha
he p o o ypes a e mee ing he pa icipan s’ expec a ions, e alua ion echniques will ake
place, being adap ed o he di e en s ages he wo k p esen s. E alua ion echniques will s a
wi h an in o mal app oach, leading o a well hough and p epa ed one by he e alua o
(usabili y es ing). Fu he in his documen , he di e en app oaches and echniques will be
well p esen ed and explained.
1.4.
Documen ’s s uc u e
This disse a ion is di ided in o se en chap e s:
Chap e 1 p o ides a b ie in oduc ion abou ga men pe sonaliza ion, he mo i a ion and
scope, he goals, he con ibu ions o he esea ch and he app oach ollowed. This
explana ion o he documen ’s s uc u e is also included he e.
Chap e 2, S a e o he A and Li e a u e Re iew p o ides an o e iew abou b eas cance ,
ea men op ions, mainly mas ec omies, and he implica ions his disease has bo h in women
and socie y. Besides hese opics, chap e wo also highligh s he impo ance o adap i e
ashion and ga men pe sonaliza ion. As we will see, hese h ee main opics (b eas cance ,
adap i e ashion and ga men pe sonaliza ion) a e in e connec ed. Chap e wo also e iews
design p inciples ha could guide he design wo k o inish he chap e , an analysis o
exis ing echnological solu ions in he ield o ga men pe sonaliza ion is p esen ed. Cu en
b ands ega ding ga men op ions o niche popula ions, o example o women who ha e
unde gone mas ec omies, also appea in his chap e .

5
Chap e 3 ocuses on he me hodological app oach ha he disse a ion ollows. He e, use -
cen e ed design and pa icipa o y design app oach a e explained, p esen ing he di e en
s ages and ac i i ies ha a e ollowed. To end he chap e , he wo k plan is also displayed,
h ough a Gan cha .
Chap e 4 p esen s he analysis o he p oblem and all ha is in e wined wi h i . I is in his
chap e ha he de elopmen o he p ojec s a s o ake place and be desc ibed. In his pa
o he p ojec , pa icipan s s a o ac i ely ake pa in he p oposed ac i i ies. The
s o yboa ds, he conduc ed in e iews, he c ea ed pe sonas and he pho o elici a ion ac i i y
a e he e con e ed.
Chap e 5 in oduces he 3D modula ion ha ook place, bu also he isual iden i y and s yle
guide c ea ed o he p esen disse a ion. In chap e i e, he c ea i e p ocess is desc ibed
and how he 3D modula ion was de eloped, as well as he a ious s eps aken o c ea e he
isual iden i y o he p ojec , such as he logo ype, he choices o ypog aphy and colo , he
used layou and g id and he c ea ed iconog aphy.
Chap e 6 shows he p ocess o designing he use in e ace, and he e alua ion o he same
in e ace. He e, he a ious ypes o p o o ypes a e p esen ed, and he usabili y es s a e
ca ied owa ds hese p o o ypes. A e conduc ing and in e p e ing he esul s, i will be
possible o conclude he implica ions he es s ha e on he design o he in e ace.
Chap e 7 p esen s he conclusions and inal ema ks o he disse a ion, as well as he
discussion o he u u e wo k.
2.
Li e a u e e iew and s a e o he a
This chap e e iews he main concep s ha suppo his disse a ion. In doing so, i p o ides
a b ie o e iew o b eas cance and he ea men s ha women go h ough, in o de o be e
unde s and he con ex o he p oblem. The ole o ashion in he psychological s a e o
women is also discussed, add essing impo an concep s such as adap i e ashion and
ga men pe sonaliza ion, and how ashion has he powe and sway o e women’s sel -es eem,
especially a e mas ec omies. To be e unde s and how o design an e ec i e use in e ace,
a e iew o design p inciples was also conduc ed, wi h he goal o y o ind he design
p inciples ha a e ecognized among he design communi y.
2.1.
B eas cance , disease and ea men s
Al hough b eas cance is no he mos le hal ype o cance , i p esen s a high mo ali y a e,
especially amongs women. B eas cance is he second mos common ype o cance amids
women, also in he numbe o a ali ies, second only o skin cance (Liga Po uguesa Con a o
Canc o, n.d.). In Po ugal, wi h a emale popula ion o i e million women, 7 000 new cases
6
we e de ec ed in 2020, and 1 800 women passed away, acco ding o Liga Po uguesa Con a
o Canc o (Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o, n.d.).
B eas Cance is a ype o cance ha leads o he o ma ion o malignan cells in he issues
o he b eas . Mul iple ac o s can con ibu e o he de elopmen o b eas cance , such as
amily his o y, inhe i ed gene mu a ions and o he isk ac o s. Signs o b eas cance can be a
lump o a change in he b eas , such as edness and swelling. (Na ional Cance Ins i u e,
2021).
In o de o ackle b eas cance , each woman aces “a unique ea men pa h ha may include
su ge y, chemo he apy, adia ion he apy, and ea men wi h ho mones” (Bea d, 2011, p. 1).
In mos cases, i is no mal o combine ea men s, howe e , hese ea men s p oduce changes
in women’s bodies, a ec ing bo h physically and psychologically. When physical changes
a e no iceable, women ace s uggles linked wi h clo hes’ i ing, com o and aes he ic
conce ns (Bea d, 2011, p. 7).
Cance ea men can be localized o sys emic (Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o, n.d.):
1. Local ea men occu s when he b eas cance cells a e emo ed in he speci ic a ea o
he b eas . In his ca ego y, we can place su ge y and adia ion he apy.
2. Sys emic ea men , o a ge ea men , is used in o de o con ol he cance . The
ea men s can be chemo he apy, ho monal he apy o di ec ed he apy. I can be used o
educe umo size be o e a local he apy so ha he p ocedu e won’ be so in usi e.
Su ge y is he mos common ea men o b eas cance (Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o,
n.d.), and can be di ided in o b eas conse ing and non-b eas conse ing modali ies.
Conse ing su ge y includes umo ec omy, segmen al mas ec omy and pa ial mas ec omy. In
hese p ocedu es, he cance cells a e emo ed and no he en i e b eas . A e he su gical
p ocedu e, he majo i y o women go h ough adia ion he apy in o de o des oy any cance
cells ha migh s ill exis . The e a e also non-b eas conse ing ea men s, mas ec omy,
which ollow one o he h ee ollowing p ocedu es (Bea d, 2011, p. 3): simple mas ec omy;
modi ied adical mas ec omy o adical mas ec omy. These h ee p ocedu es a e desc ibed
in sec ion 2.1.1. .
Radia ion he apy
2
and chemo he apy
3
can also ollow non-b eas conse ing su ge ies, in
o de o kill any emaining cance cells, dec easing he isk o he cance coming back (Liga
Po uguesa Con a o Canc o, n.d.).
Pos -su gical complica ions may occu , being he mos common one lymphedema.
Lymphedema a ec s he a m and he hand, becoming swollen, and can e en lead o ne e
pain named pos -mas ec omy pain synd ome (PMP), which is a sha p pain associa ed wi h he
2
Radia ion ea men is a ea men ha uses high doses o adia ion o kill emaining cance cells
3
Chemo he apy is a ea men ha eso s o a mix u e o d ugs o kill emaining cance cells
7
ne e a ec ed du ing he su ge y, con ibu ing also o eelings o aching, bu ning and
igh ness (Bea d, 2011). Lymphedema can be in e mi en o pe manen , and women need o
be ca e ul o p o ec he swollen a ea om acciden al inju ies, like ab asions, bu ns and
b uises, which can boos he edema and cause e en mo e discom o (Gao, 2016). Besides he
discom o and limi ed mobili y caused by he edema, he e is also he added isk o in ec ion,
comp omising he unc ion o he lymph sys em (Bea d, 2011). The swelling caused by he
lymphedema can lead o se ious discom o , loss o unc ionali y and pain (Bea d, 2011). The
size o he a ec ed a m also luc ua es signi ican ly, which can complica e he i o he
clo hing. Due o his i is e y impo an ha he clo hing does no cons ic mo emen s.
O he complica ions a e su ge y can be sca sensi i i y, pos adia ion skin discom o and
phan om b eas pain, in e e ing wi h daily ac i i ies (Bea d, 2011).
A e su ge y, adia ion he apy and chemo he apy can be used as a ollow-up ea men .
Radia ion he apy no mally causes gene al a igue du ing, and e en a e he ea men . The
skin becomes ed, sensi i e and i chy, bu hese side e ec s a e empo a y and will heal,
g adually. I is also impo an o conside he unde ga men s ha a e used, such as b as, since
hey can ub and cause i i a ion in he skin. I is essen ial o use so p oduc s and no igh
i ed clo hes (Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o, n.d.). The mos common side e ec o
chemo he apy is hai loss, which a ec s people in di e en ways. I can cause only pa ial
hai loss o hinning, o hai loss all o e he body, being he mos common one he loss o
he head hai . In some cases, eyeb ows and eyelashes can also all o . This loss o hai is
almos always empo a y, and he hai s a s o eg ow a e he ea men is inished. Hai
loss g ea ly in e e es wi h sel -es eem and body image (Na ional Heal h Se ice UK, 2017).
Nausea, appe i e loss, menopause, in e ili y, weigh gain and sensi i e skin a e some o he
side e ec s associa ed wi h he ea men . “All hese di icul ies, along wi h pain and loss o
mo ion, can c ea e emo ional anguish, emo ional dis ess, and social ba ie s'' (Gao, 2016, p.
8).
Mas ec omy p ocedu e and pos -ope a i e op ions
When a woman unde goes a mas ec omy, i means ha a non-b eas conse ing ea men is
ollowed. As s a ed be o e, pa o he b eas , o he o ali y o i , is emo ed. None heless,
he e is always an e o o ollow b eas conse ing su ge ies as long as i is possible (Bea d,
2011). The e a e di e en ypes o mas ec omies:simple, modi ied adical and adical
mas ec omy, being he mos common ones: he simple mas ec omy and he modi ied
adical mas ec omy (Gao, 2016). These h ee p ocedu es can be desc ibed as ollowing;
1. Simple mas ec omy, whe e he en i e y o he b eas is emo ed, bu he lymph nodes
benea h he a ms, o he muscle issue unde he b eas , is p ese ed.
2. Modi ied Radical Mas ec omy emo es he en i e b eas , as well as some o he
lymph nodes unde he a m.
3. Radical Mas ec omy, which is cu en ly a a e p ocedu e, bu is cha ac e ized by an
ex ensi e emo al o he en i e b eas , lymph nodes and he ches wall muscles.
(Bea d, 2011)
8
As any su ge y, mas ec omies p esen physical side e ec s ha a e mos ly empo a y. Pain
and sensibili y in he ope a ion a ea a e common, h ough a sho pe iod o ime, he same
wi h ense and weak muscles (a m and shoulde ) (Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o, n.d.).
Remo ing a b eas , o bo h, can cause a eeling o uns eadiness, which can lead o discom o
in he neck and back (Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o, n.d.). Sca ing is also an adjacen
p oblem o a mas ec omy, and he skin incisions a y, being “chosen based on he ype o
umo , quad an loca ion o he umo , acili a ion o incision closu e, and cosme ic
implica ions. “The emaining body con igu a ion will a y by he ype o su ge y and he
closu e echnique ha was used”, as Bea d (2011) s a es.
Following a mas ec omy, women can decide o ei he econs uc he b eas (s), h ough a
econs uc i e su ge y, o no ha e econs uc ion a all. This decision, linked o he physical
side e ec s o a su ge y, will con ibu e o he psychological impac ha b eas cance and
mas ec omies p esen o women. The changes ha he body goes h ough a e mas ec omy
a e ine i able and women ace a ious challenges when i comes o “sel -concep , emo ions,
beha io , amily dynamics” (Koçan & Gü soy, 2016, p. 145), aking a big oll in each
woman’s men al heal h, wi h each dealing wi h psychological p oblems di e en ly. Al hough
women unde s and he impo ance and necessi y o mas ec omy, women hough s and
eelings abou mas ec omy may shi be ween being “g a e ul o s ill be ali e and saw his as
mo e impo an han he loss o a b eas ” and expe iencing “g ea sadness a he loss o hei
b eas ”, (Koçan & Gü soy, 2016, p. 147).
Pos -ope a ion psychosocial impac s
Psychologically, women ace a ious challenges and conce ns, being “emo ionally a lic ed
due o he ampu a ion o hei b eas and su ounding issues, unde a m lymph nodes, and
ches muscles” (Gao, 2016, p. 7). Women ge conce ned abou physical- ela ed p oblems,
such as pos ea men pain, u u e heal h h ea s and he ea o physical de ec s.
Psychological issues a e also a conce n, since “any pe cei ed losses may lead o a ious
psychosocial p oblems'' (Koçan & Gü soy, 2016, p. 146).
These “men al ac i i ies and image dissa is ac ion”, as Gao designa es (2016, p. 9), ha p e
and pos -mas ec omy pa ien s expe ience lead o psychological challenges, such as anxie y,
dep ession, nega i e body image and low quali y o li e. Women also lose a sense o
eminini y, a ac i eness and powe . Sel -isola ion and eelings o being di e en a ise and
haun each woman in a pa icula way, o cing hem o deal wi h a new body image eali y
ha can cause psychological p oblems and eelings o incomple eness (Koçan & Gü soy,
2016).
Body image can be cha ac e ized as “ he in eg a ion o one’s physical and psychological
sel ”, and can be “in luenced by socie al alues, cul u e, and expe iences o childhood
h ough adul hood” (Fea he e al., 1988, p. 130). In mo e de ail, “body image is de ined as
15
Wi h globaliza ion and he In e ne , online shopping has become in eg al in consume ’s daily
li e, making he shopping expe ience mo e con enien , since i can happen a any ime and
anywhe e he consume desi es. Bu , wi h online shopping, di e en p oblems come up. As
men ioned be o e, designe s s ill c ea e ga men s o a ce ain ype o body size, no aking
in o conside a ion he changes ha bodies ha e su e ed o e ime, making i almos
impossible o a piece o clo hing o p ope ly i (Gup a e al., 2006). When pu chasing
online, consume s guide hemsel es h ough a uni e sal sizing cha ha is no accu a e o he
di e en body shapes ha exis , which con ibu es o he high a es o e u ning pieces o
clo hing (Li e al., 2017). This p oblem made ob ious he necessi y o c ea ing a solu ion
ha would sol e he lack o accu acy in sizing cha s and educing measu emen e o s.
The e is an u gen need o p o ide a mo e pe sonalized expe ience when i comes o clo hing,
since people p esen di e en physical cha ac e is ics, p e e ences and needs (Shilk o e al.,
2013). In his con ex , wo concep s eme ge: pe sonaliza ion and cus omiza ion.
Pe sonaliza ion can be de ined as assis ing “in cus omizing ea u es o a p oduc o se ice
o sa is y consume s’ needs” (Halepe e e al., 2009, p. 144). While “cus omiza ion allows a
consume o choose changes mainly ela ed o colo and ga men dimensions”, in
pe sonaliza ion “in o ma ion is collec ed o p o ide se ices ha mee he needs o ha
pa icula indi idual” (Halepe e e al., 2009, p. 144). Wi h ga men pe sonaliza ion, i is
c ucial o mee he di e en needs o he wea e , being hese connec ed wi h size, adap i e
needs o o he . Resea ch has explo ed echnological solu ions, such as i ual mi o s o
i ual i ing ooms, using Vi ual Reali y, wi h a iew o suppo he ashion indus y o
ba le his gap ha socie y aces (Shilk o e al., 2013). Wi h his in mind, his disse a ion
con ibu es as a way o igh ing he p esen ed gap in he ashion indus y, by o e ing use s
he possibili y o pe sonalize he unde ga men gi en in he p oo o concep . Mo eo e ,
being also able o e ie e onesel 's measu emen s, use s can ind he bes i o he
unde ga men , ba ling he p oblem o lacking accu acy in sizing cha s.
2.3.
Designing solu ions o inclusi e and
adap i e ashion
When designing a digi al solu ion, i is impo an o ake in o accoun design p inciples ha
a e al eady es ablished in he design communi y. The aim o his p ojec is o design and
de elop a p oo o concep o an app, as p e iously explained. Since mobile applica ions ha e
become ubiqui ous in e e yday li e, ollowing design p inciples o guide he c ea ion o hose
apps is a way o make su e ha he c ea ed app is p oduced in he mos e ec i e way. This
chap e i s p o ides an o e iew o gene al design p inciples, o hen ocus on design
p inciples o ashion apps.

16
Gene al Design P inciples
When use s do no know how o use a ce ain p oduc /se ice, such as a echnological one,
his can lead o us a ion and make he use gi e up. This means ha , when in e ac ing wi h
a p oduc , he e is he need o Figu e ou wha he p oduc does, how i wo ks and wha i is
possible o do wi h i . The use in e ace p o ides he way h ough which he use will
in e ac wi h he p oduc . As a way o inc easing he chances o success when c ea ing a use
in e ace, designe s ollow design p inciples.
The e a e a numbe o lis s o design p inciples o guiding use in e ace design. These a e
he p inciples by Jakob Nielsen (1994), Ben Shneide man’s (1984) and Donald No man
(2013). Al hough Nielsen’s and Shneide man’s p inciples played a e y impo an ole when
i comes o use in e ace design, we need o keep in mind ha hese p inciples we e i s ly
p esen ed in 1994 and 1984, espec i ely. A e analyzing he di e en au ho s and wha hey
p esen , a lo o o e lapping o he p inciples was encoun e ed. Fo his eason, i was op ed
o show jus one o he au ho s, Donald No man, who in eg a ed he majo i y o he p inciples
p esen ed by p e ious schola s.
The expe ience he use has is c ucial, since i is some hing ha de e mines how hese use s
will emembe he in e ac ions hey had wi h he designed sys em (No man, 2013). I he
expe ience is no enjoyable, making he use s no know how o na iga e h ough he sys em,
us a ion will a ise. As Don No man s esses, “cogni ion and emo ion a e igh ly
in e wined”, making he designe obliged o design wi h bo h in mind, as a way o c ea ing
he bes expe ience possible. In his book “The design o e e yday hings”, Don No man
p esen s se en undamen al p inciples: a o dances, signi ie s, mapping, eedback,
concep ual models, cons ain s and, las ly, disco e abili y. These p inciples a e p esen ed
and b ie ly explained nex .
A o dances
A o dances can be desc ibed as he ela ionship be ween a physical objec and a pe son. This
ela ionship ocuses on he p ope ies o he objec and he abili y he use has o de e mine
how o possibly use he objec . These wo aspec s, he p ope ies o he objec and i s quali ies
and he abili y o he agen owa ds he in e ac ion, de e mine he p esence o an a o dance,
as No man s a es (2013, p. 11), “a o dance is no a p ope y, (...) is a ela ionship. Whe he
an a o dance exis s depends upon he p ope ies o bo h he objec and agen ”. And, o he
success o an a o dance, he same needs o be pe cei ed. This no ion o a o dance was i s
p esen ed by he psychologis J.J.Gibson. Gibson e e ed o a o dance as “ac ionable
p ope ies be ween he wo ld and an ac o . (...) They a e ela ionships. They exis na u ally:
hey do no ha e o be isible, known, o desi able” (No man, 1999, p. 3). The psychologis
a i med ha he “wo ld con ained he clues and ha people simply picked hem up h ough
‘di ec pe cep ion'” (No man, 2013, p. 12), since he i mly belie ed ha all senses wo ked
oge he , and he in o ma ion ha each use e ie es om he wo ld is he esul o he
combina ion o all he senses. I is impo an o s a e ha i is possible o an a o dance o
17
exis e en i he same is no isible. Bu , ha ing isibili y is s ongly app ecia ed by
designe s, since i is a way o o e ing obus clues on how o ope a e a ce ain objec . This
can be known as pe cei ed a o dances, which a e “ isual eedback ha ad e ises he
a o dances” (No man, 1999). These pe cei ed a o dances help he use s o Figu e ou how
o na iga e h ough he a ious ac ions, no ha ing he need o ins uc ions.
Signi ie s
A signi ie is “any ma k o sound, any pe cei able indica o ha communica es app op ia e
beha io o a pe son” (No man, 2013). They can be delibe a e and in en ional, like he signal
o pushing a doo , o acciden al and unin en ional, such as he ails c ea ed by p e ious
people walking in he ield.
Wha signi ie s help o do is o communica e whe e he ac ion should ake place, since use s
need o ha e a way o unde s anding how o use he objec in ques ion. The e is a cons an
sea ch o clues ha migh help o unde s and he pu pose o he objec , how o use i , wha is
happening and possible al e na i e solu ions. This makes signi ie s some hing ha people
need and some hing ha designe s mus p o ide. No ma e he na u e o he signi ie ,
“planned o acciden al, ( hey) p o ide aluable clues as o he na u e o he wo ld and o
social ac i i ies” (No man, 2013, p. 17). Al hough a o dances and signi ie s may ha e
aspec s in common, maybe e en being mixed up oge he , in design signi ie s play a bigge
ole since hey ha e he abili y o communica ing how o use he design. On op o ha ,
signi ie s can be ep esen ed by a a ie y o hings, such as “wo ds, a g aphical illus a ion, o
jus a de ice whose pe cei ed a o dances a e unambiguous” (No man, 2013, p. 19). To sum
up, signi ie s ha e he need o be pe cei able, o he wise hey will ail hei pu pose.
Mapping
Mapping, a e m bo owed om ma hema ics, can be de ined as he “ ela ionship be ween he
elemen s o wo se s o hings”, being an impo an concep when i comes o design and
layou o con ols and displays (No man, 2013, p. 21). Mapping is simply he ela ionship
be ween con ols and hei mo emen s o e ec s, so a ela ionship be ween con ol and
display. Acco ding o Lidwell (2003) mapping is good, o na u al, when he p oduced e ec
co esponds o he expec a ion, o example, when we click on a ligh swi ch, we expec o
he ligh o u n on. Good mapping, in he end, is a “ unc ion o simila i y o layou ,
beha iou o meaning” (Lidwell e al., 2003). He e, he e m o simila i y becomes impo an ,
since i is some hing ha makes he ela ionship o mapping p edic able and, hence,
o eseeable. This design p inciple ells us ha , when placing a con ol, he same should be
done acco ding o he layou and beha iou o he de ice. To easily use a de ice, No man
explains ha his occu s when a “se o possible ac ions is isible, when he con ols and
displays exploi na u al mapping” (2013, p. 23).
Feedback
Acco ding o No man, eedback is “some way o le ing you know ha he sys em is wo king
on you eques (...) communica ing he esul s o an ac ion” (2013, p. 23). The e a e a ew
aspec s ha need o be aken in o accoun . Fi s ly, eedback mus be immedia e, o he wise
people will easily gi e up on he ac ion when p o iding eedback. I mus also be
18
in o ma i e, bu his mus be done ca e ully, since ligh s and sound signals used o p o ide
in o ma ion can easily become mo e annoying han use ul. I is impo an o ha e a balance
wi h he gi en eedback, since oo much eedback can also be dis ac ing o he use .
Feedback, besides ha ing o be planned as a way o con i ming all ac ions, also needs o be
p io i ized. The p esen ed eedback wo ks as a signal o he use , bu i should be o e ed in
an a en ion g abbing way. No man inishes p esen ing his design p inciple by s a ing ha
“ eedback is essen ial, bu i has o be done co ec ly. App op ia ely.” (2013, p. 25).
Concep ual Models
A concep ual model is a simple explana ion o how some hing wo ks. This explana ion only
needs o be use ul, wi h no demand o i o be comple e o accu a e. The example Donald
No man p esen s in “The Design o E e yday Things”, is a good way o unde s anding
concep ual models and how hey wo k, “The iles, olde s, and icons you see displayed on a
compu e sc een help people c ea e he concep ual model o documen s and olde s inside he
compu e , o o apps” (2013, p. 25). Again, concep ual models can be p esen ed in a e y
simple way, and ha a e aluable, al hough his alue only coun s “as long as he
assump ions ha suppo hem hold ue” (No man, 2013, p. 26). Since hey a e simpli ied
models, hese concep ual models can also be known as men al models. As No man p esen s,
men al models “a e he concep ual models in people’s minds ha ep esen hei
unde s anding o how hings wo k.” (2013, p. 26). Men al models can be passed om pe son
o pe son o e en appea in manuals and, no mally, he de ice a s ake “o e s e y li le
assis ance, so he model is cons uc ed by expe ience” (No man, 2013, p. 26), showing ha
he e a e many ways o app ehending hese men al models. Since hese models a e buil upon
expe ience, usually when i comes o de ices, he bulk o he clues o unde s and how hings
wo k come om “pe cei ed s uc u e”, commonly based on signi ie s, a o dances,
cons ain s and mappings (No man, 2013, p. 26). To sum up his design p inciple, we can
conclude ha a good concep ual model allows us o an icipa e he e ec s o ou ac ions and,
wi hou a good model, use s ope a e in a blind way (No man, 2013, p. 28).
Cons ain s
Acco ding o Lidwell, a cons ain is a “me hod o limi ing he ac ions ha can be pe o med
by a sys em” (2003, p. 50). When used co ec ly, cons ain s can p e en he p obabili y o
occu ing e o s du ing an in e ac ion. No man p esen s ou di e en ypes o cons ain s
(2013): physical, cul u al, seman ic and logical.
Physical cons ain s a e cons ain s ha ely on “p ope ies o he physical wo ld” o
ope a ing (No man, 2013, p. 125). The numbe o possible ac ions should be limi ed, o
assume app op ia e use o he physical cons ain s. Also, he e is no need o special
guidance when i comes o hese cons ain s, becoming mo e ad an ageous i hey a e easy o
in e p e and use, as hey p e en w ong ac ions om occu ing igh a e being ied ou
(No man, 2013).
Cul u al cons ain s a e in e wined wi h he social con en ions c ea ed by each cul u e.
“Each cul u e has a se o allowable ac ions o social si ua ions” (No man, 2013, p. 128).
19
This se o social con en ions is wha makes each pe son know how o na iga e and beha e
in he socie y in which hey a e in eg a ed. One o he challenges ha may be encoun e ed is
he ac ha cul u al cons ain s a e no “uni e sally accep ed con en ions”(No man, 2013,
p. 129), which can make i di icul , some imes, he use o ce ain machines o sys ems.
None heless, “cul u al cons ain s a e likely o change wi h ime”, as Donald No man claims
(2013, p. 129).
Seman ic cons ain s a e connec ed wi h “ he meaning o he si ua ion o con ol he se o
possible ac ions”(No man, 2013, p. 129). These a e cons ain s ha depend on he pe sonal
knowledge o a speci ic si ua ion and o he wo ld, o e ing clues on how o pe o m ce ain
ac ions. Like cul u al cons ain s, seman ic cons ain s can also change wi h ime, since he
way each one o us in e ac s wi h echnologies will also shi h oughou he yea s.
Logical cons ain s help de e mine al e na i es when na iga ing a sys em. He e, he e is a
“logical ela ionship be ween he spa ial o unc ional layou o componen s and he hings
ha hey a ec o a e a ec ed by” (No man, 2013, p. 130). Logical cons ain s a e p o ided
by he na u al mappings, e e ed p e iously. No man explains hese cons ain s h ough an
example: i he e a e wo ligh swi ches con olling he ligh s, he le swi ch should con ol
he le ligh , and he igh swi ch con ol he igh one. I his does no happen, “ he na u al
mapping is des oyed” (No man, 2013, p. 130) and, subsequen ly, no logical cons ain s.
Disco e abili y
When in e ac ing wi h a sys em, o p oduc , he e is he necessi y o lea n how i wo ks,
“disco e ing wha i does, how i wo ks, and wha ope a ions a e possible” (No man, 2013, p.
10). This is disco e abili y. I helps us o “de e mine wha ac ions a e possible and he cu en
s a e o he de ice”, as No man explains in his publica ion (2013, p. 72).
Disco e abili y is a p inciple ha esul s om he p ope appliance o p e iously p esen ed
p inciples, such as: a o dances, signi ie s, cons ain s, mappings and eedback. So, when a
design is lacking disco e abili y, he use needs o make a bigge e o o unde s and how he
sys em wo ks. Design p inciples such as signi ie s, eedback and cons ain s, ha e he abili y
o inc ease disco e abili y and help p e en possible e o s (No man, 2013).
These a e he design p inciples acco ding o Donald No man, undamen al o designing
in e aces in he mos e icien way possible, as a way o helping o inc ease he usabili y o
an in e ace. Nex , he design p inciples will be analyzed based on exis ing ashion
applica ions, as a way o igu ing ou whe he he ac ual ashion applica ions ocus on
c ea ing a be e expe ience o he use , based on hese p inciples.
Design p inciples o ashion applica ions
A e esea ching design p inciples and how hey should be used in a use in e ace, i was
impo an o unde s and how he design p inciples wo k wi h ashion apps. Al hough a
ho ough esea ch was conduc ed, he e is no a lo o li e a u e a ailable ega ding design
20
p inciples in ashion apps. S ill, we we e able o loca e a ele an a icle (Bu gha d , 2017).
Acco ding o Bu gha d (2017, p. 5), he e is a common g ound when i comes o designa e
wha a ashion app is: “ ashion applica ion sells ashion p oduc s online”. The main goal o
hese apps is o sell p oduc s and gain he cus ome s loyal y, inc easing b and image and
awa eness. The au ho o “How o design a ashion applica ion wi h a high cus ome loyal y”
(Bu gha d , 2017) s a es ha ce ain ea u es can in luence he cus ome ’s loyal y owa ds he
app. These ea u es can be di ided in o:
- Mobile ea u es ha ep esen he echnical capabili ies o mobile phones. The wo
ea u es ha p esen a bigge in luence in o cus ome loyal y a e i ual in e ac i i y and
sys em quali y. Vi ual in e ac i i y is de ined as “ he ex en o which online use s migh
pa icipa e in adjus ing he con en o a websi e in eal ime” (Bu gha d , 2017, p. 5). The
sys em quali y can be measu ed h ough: he s yle o design, he ease o na iga ion,
esponse and ansac ion ime, secu i y, cla i y o he unc ionali y and he c ea ion o an
audio isual expe ience.
- Social ea u es a e associa ed wi h he possibili y o in e ac wi h he con en o he app
and also o he use s. These ea u es can ei he be an in e ac ion wi h he con en o an
in e ac ion be ween use s, since hey bo h esul in a posi i e psychological ewa d o
he use . A use can eel ewa ded by in e ac ing wi h he con en and pe sonalizing i .
Including end use s in he p oduc de elopmen enhances cus ome loyal y, since a use
is mo e emp ed o use he p oduc hey helped o c ea e.
- B and men ion gi es an indica ion o how companies ma ke hei b ands wi hin he
applica ion. B and design has he pu pose o c ea e he co po a e iden i y and consis s o :
ype ace, layou , colo , s imuli (shape and icons), and p esen a ion s yle. The pu pose o
b and con en is o deli e and enhance he b and image, e e ing o image y, copy,
ela ionship ea u es (communica ion beyond he websi e) and sound and ideo. The
ea u es o a b and ha in luence cus ome loyal y can be he logo, name, b and design
and b and con en .
The a icle also p esen s wo case s udies o ashion apps, Zalando
4
and Asos
5
, ha ocus on
showing how he design p inciples a e con empla ed he e. The Zalando case s udy is
pa icula ly ele an , since he p inciples i ollows a e, o e all, simila o he No man
p inciples, p e iously desc ibed. Zalando, in e ms o i ual in e ac i i y, o e s wha “seems
o be e y s ong” came a op ion (Bu gha d , 2017, p. 8), allowing he use o ake a pic u e
o a clo hing piece o pa e n and sea ch based on he image. The sys em quali y is analyzed
based on he p esen ed design, which is clea , wi h easily pe cei ed unc ions, and is simple
and accessible o na iga e. Acco ding o he au ho , Zalando u he o e s he possibili y o
lea e commen s on p oduc s and o change he colo s o a ce ain piece o clo hing. The
isual s yle is consis en h oughou he en i e app. The b and con en is conside ed o be e y
4
h ps://www.zalando.com/
5
h ps://www.asos.com/women/

21
ich, since e e y p oduc has, a leas , wo pic u es o illus a e i . The b and design eso s o
a on ha imp o es eadabili y, colo s ha in oke a minimalis eeling o i and, las ly, all
he bu ons and in e ac i e elemen s a e easily ecognizable.
The nex sec ion o he documen ocuses on al eady exis ing b ands and echnological
solu ions ega ding pos mas ec omy inclusi i y and ga men pe sonaliza ion, helping o
unde s and wha is lacking in he ma ke and how he p oposed p oo o concep can
dis inguish i sel .
2.4.
Cu en b ands and solu ions
This sec ion p esen s b ands ha c ea e adap i e unde ga men s o women who ha e
unde gone mas ec omies and ha s and ou o making ashionable and beau i ul lines.
Besides his, i also add esses al eady exis ing echnological solu ions o ga men
pe sonaliza ion. These solu ions include he possibili y o ga men pe sonaliza ion, body
me ics and measu emen , 3D echnology used and he abili y o using he echnological
solu ions a home o in s o e. Fo iden i ying he solu ions, a ho ough esea ch was held,
especially in cen al loca ions o downloading and pu chasing con en (Google Play S o e
and Apple S o e). These solu ions we e iden i ied and selec ed because hey cons i u e g ea
ga men pe sonaliza ion solu ions, making i easy o he use o ake ad an age o he se ice
a home. Adding up o hese easons, he solu ions all in o he wo k ield ha i is being
p oposed o wo k on, ga men pe sonaliza ion and he possibili y o i ually y
unde ga men s.
Pos mas ec omy inclusi e b ands
Megami
As discussed be o e, he e is adap i e wea and adap i e ashion. When looking a b ands ha
c ea e unde ga men op ions o women who ha e unde gone mas ec omies, i is no iceable
ha he op ions all in o he adap i e wea ca ego y. These op ions only ocus on he
unc ional aspec o he unde ga men , and no on he ashionable and aes he ic pa . The
majo i y o hem esemble spo s b as, wi h plain and basic colo s, no ex u es, no sexy o
ashionable.
Megami
6
is a London-based unde ga men and swimwea b and ha does no i in he
p e ious desc ip ion. The aim o he b and is, also, o design unde ga men s o women who
ha e unde gone mas ec omies, bu hey s and ou om he o he b ands due o hei alues
and wha he b and s ands o . Megami belie es in equali y o all women, empowe ing hem
and enhancing hei con idence h ough quali y and ashionable unde ga men s op ions, being
6
h ps://megami.uk/homepage
22
awa e ha linge ie plays an impo an ole in making women eel eminine and con iden ,
while also being com o able and i ing p ope ly. I c ea es elegan op ions, wi e- ee, wi h
ull-co e age and b ea habili y, making women eel com o able, s ong and eminine.
The b and s a ed a e he ounde s no iced how ha d i was o pos -mas ec omy women o
shop and also o ind ashionable linge ie. This was a eali y o women a ound he wo ld,
whe e women needed o gi e up shopping because hey could no ind beau i ul op ions,
making i isible he huge gap exis ing in he linge ie ma ke . Megami is b and conce ned
wi h p o iding beau i ul unde ga men s o women who ha e unde gone mas ec omies
(Figu e 6), since hey a e awa e ha ashion plays a s ong ole in he psychological s a e o
each woman. Thei unde ga men op ions ha e he abili y o make each woman eel sexy and
hea d in he ashion indus y.
Figu e 6 - Megami’s Allu e B a
Oysho
Recen ly, he spanish clo hing e aile Oysho, eleased a linge ie line o women who ha e
unde gone mas ec omies, p esen ing ou di e en models o b as. These b a op ions a e
designed o women who ha e unde gone mas ec omy, do no use p os hesis and op ed o
no ha ing b eas econs uc i e su ge y.
All he o e ed op ions p esen he same cha ac e is ics based on he speci ic needs o women
who ha e unde gone mas ec omy:
- Unicup, i necessa y;
- F on and back zip, wi h a ious posi ions;
- Wi hou unde wi e;
- Adjus able s aps;
- B ea hable ma e ial.
Besides aking in o conside a ion he speci ic needs o women who ha e unde gone
mas ec omy, he op ions o e ed by Oysho a e also a o dable ones.
Al hough some models p esen ed a e i ial, and ha women a e used o seeing, he e a e a
ew op ions ha s and ou o being elegan op ions (Figu e 7). On he one hand his shows
ha he b and is conce ned wi h bo h he unc ional and aes he ic aspec ha he
23
unde ga men needs o ha e. On he o he hand, i u he exposes a g owing awa eness o
ashion b ands o he p oblem p esen ed in his disse a ion.
Figu e 7 - Lola mul iway b a
Ga men pe sonaliza ion apps
In o de o design he p oo o concep his disse a ion p oposes and unde s and he cu en
con ex , i is necessa y o esea ch and e alua e di e en echnological solu ions in he ield
o ga men pe sonaliza ion. In pe o ming a c i ical analysis o exis en solu ions, we sough
o iden i y ga men pe sonaliza ion unc ionali ies, such as: body me ics collec ed; a a a
c ea ed (gene al 3D model o pho o ealis ic); con ex o use (in-s o e o a home); and o he
ele an aspec s, o example SDKs (So wa e De elopmen Ki s) and he possibili y o sa e
images. A e conduc ing esea ch on he web, especially in websi es ha allow downloading
and pu chasing con en (Google Play S o e and Apple S o e), and he esul ing analysis o he
a ious solu ions, ou ga men pe sonaliza ion apps ha allow he use o y di e en
ga men s and ind he pe ec i eme ged as pa icula ly in e es ing.
in3d
In3d
7
is a solu ion ha allows he use o c ea e pho o ealis ic a a a s o di e en uses, such
as ashion, gaming and en e ainmen , o e ing an SDK ha can be used ac oss a ious
pla o ms. The scanning p ocess, in o de o ob ain he 3D a a a , is achie ed h ough a 360º
ideo o he use . To c ea e he mos pho o ealis ic 3D a a a possible, i is necessa y o do a
head and body scan, excep i he a a a is only used o body measu emen s, whe e in his
case he head scan is op ional. A e his, a ull digi al eplica o he use is c ea ed based on
100 ames ex ac ed om he ideo.
7
h ps://in3d.io/
24
To ge he bes quali y possible in he c ea ion o he 3D model, he e a e a ew ac o s o ake
in o accoun :
1. Op imal ligh condi ions, whe e he ideo is being aken;
2. T y o ha e as li le in e e ence as possible;
3. Do no ha e objec s be ween he use and he came a;
4. Use igh i ed clo hes, especially i he goal o he scan is o be used o body me ics
o a i ual i ing oom.
The 3D a a a ha is c ea ed (Figu e 8) is suppo ed ac oss a ious o ma s, and can be
expo ed in any 3D o ma , such as FBX, DAE, USDZ, OBJ and GLTF. The models, i used
o gaming pu poses o example, can be igged and p e- igged in o de o be compa ible wi h
Mixamo anima ions. In e ms o body me ics, he a e age accu acy ha can be achie ed is
o 1 cm ac oss all poin s o he body. The 3D model o e s o e 200 body measu emen s,
besides he possibili y o cus omizing he alues and ob aining an endless combina ion o
measu emen s.
The i ual i ing oom unc ionali y, also o e ed by his solu ion, is a way o ying
clo hes in he 3D a a a , using he mobile app TRAI. This allows he use o y di e en
i ems wi hin minu es, see he exac i and choose he igh size. The i ual i ing oom
suppo s 3D models o ga men s ha he use can upload and see how hey i . I also
suppo s 2D pa e ns o clo hing, being con e ed a e in a 3D model in o de o be used in
he i ual i ing oom. Besides hese op ions, he use can also upload pho os ha a e la e
ans o med in 3D models.
The solu ion p esen ed by in3d becomes ele an due o he echnological app oach used. The
main posi i e unc ionali ies o in3d, is he ealis ic 3D a a a s ha a e c ea ed based on he
use , wi h a high a e age accu acy o measu emen s. Besides his, he app can be used a
home, which is o g ea alue since online shopping is inc easing among consume s. Online
shopping, as s a ed p e iously, is mo e con enien o consume s (Gup a e al., 2006, p. 2)
and ha is why i is mo e and mo e used. Howe e , his ype o solu ion also c ea es
p oblems, such as he high numbe o e u ns made since he clo hes do no i p ope ly, and
consume s do no ha e he chance o y hem be o e pu chasing (Gup a e al., 2006, p. 2).
31
Figu e 13 - Diag am o he me hodology
3.1.
Use -cen e ed design and pa icipa o y
design
When a designe is challenged o de elop a p oduc o a se ice, he designe should place
he use in he cen e o he design and de elopmen p ocess, no ma e in which phase o he
p ocess i is. We a e no only designing o use s, bu also o hei u u e expe iences, since
people a e becoming mo e in o med in he mos a ious ields (Sande s & S appe s, 2008).
The e is a g ea e need o pay a en ion o people’s expe iences, emo ions and needs
(Sande s & S appe s, 2008). Acco ding o Kunia sky, use -cen e ed design is a p ocess ha
“o en demands ha de elope s shi pe spec i es and spend ime walking in hei use s’
shoes” (Kunia sky e al., 2012, p. 676). While use -cen e ed design ocuses on he p oduc
o se ice ha is being designed, sea ching o ways o mee he use s’ needs h ough he
applica ion o a ious me hodologies, pa icipa o y design is mo e han his. I is conside ed
a way o hinking and an a i ude owa ds he use , being cha ac e ized as “ he belie ha all
people ha e some hing o o e o he design p ocess and ha hey can be bo h a icula e and
c ea i e when gi en app op ia e ools wi h which o exp ess hemsel es” (Sande s, 2002, p.
2).

32
In pa icipa o y app oaches, he oles o he esea che and he designe begin o me ge,
making he use “a c i ical componen o he p ocess” (Sande s, 2002, p. 3). I is ele an o
s udy he use and i s backg ound o unde s and how hey hink, how hey eel and how hey
ac , since people ha e a di icul y o exp ess, e bally, eelings and knowledge owa ds he
wo ld (Kunia sky e al., 2012). Ha ing access o people’s expe iences, designe s can pu he
use a he cen e o he design p ocess, being awa e o hese expe iences and he special
needs, desi es and d eams each use has. Acco ding o Sande s (Sande s, 2002), he possible
ways o a ain he pa icula expe iences o each use , can be ob ained h ough:
1. Lis en o wha people say;
2. In e p e wha people exp ess and make in e ences abou wha hey hink;
3. Wa ch wha people do;
4. Obse e wha people use;
5. Unco e wha people know;
6. Reach owa d unde s anding wha people eel;
7. App ecia e wha people d eam.
This p oduces a deep le el o empa hy wi h he use , es ablishing esonance be ween he
designe and he use . Becoming awa e o he use 's eelings and d eams, u ns he “use
expe ience he sou ce o inspi a ion and idea ion o design” (Sande s, 2002, p. 3).
Acco ding o Kunia sky (2012), co-design can be di ided in o h ee main ypes o
echniques:
1. Dialogic echniques, o s imula ing discussion wi h pa icipan s;
2. Gene a i e echniques, whe e pa icipan s a e able o ex e nalize emo ions and hough s
h ough he c ea ion o objec s;
3. Associa i e echniques ha help o unco e how pa icipan s o ganize in o ma ion
ega ding a subjec .
Dialogic and gene a i e echniques a e a g ea way o ind blindspo s, in an al eady exis ing
p oduc o se ice, bu ha is in ended o be upda ed (Kunia sky e al., 2012). They p o ide
he designe / esea che , who can pe ec ly be he same pe son (Sande s & S appe s, 2008),
wi h in o ma ion abou pe sonal aspi a ions and alues.
Make ools a e a design ool, buil upon expe ience, ha a e in ended o be used ei he by
use s o designe s. These ools “ acili a e exchange be ween he people who expe ience
p oduc s, in e aces, sys ems and spaces and he people who design o expe ience” (Sande s,
2002, p. 5). Di e en ypes o oolki s can be p esen ed, such as emo ional oolki s o
cogni i e oolki s. Emo ional oolki s allow he use o show and ell pe sonal s o ies and
d eams, o he wise no sha ed, and can be ma e ialized h ough collages, dia ies and pho o
elici a ion. Cogni i e oolki s, on ano he hand, allows pa icipan s o showcase diag ams o
ela ionships, lowcha s o p ocesses and cogni i e models (Sande s, 2002). Toolki s ha e
he powe o o e access o he emo ional side o he expe ience, and acknowledge he
33
pe sonal pe spec i es o each pa icipan , e ealing pe sonal his o ies ha can con ibu e
g ea ly in he design p ocess. Besides his, he pa icipan also has he abili y o become
in ol ed in he c ea i e p ocess o designing he p oduc o se ice (Sande s, 2000).
Taking in o accoun he p e ious exposu e o me hodologic app oaches, he me hodology
ollowed in his disse a ion eso s o a combina ion o use -cen e ed and pa icipa o y
design app oaches. Being he pu pose o he de elopmen o his p ojec o unde s and how
women eel, lea n abou hei expe iences and wha hey know abou b eas cance and
unde ga men choice in he pos -op s age, dialogic and gene a i e echniques a e ollowed. In
he nex opic, hese echniques and he oolki s used o p oduce use gene a ed-a i ac s a e
explained.
3.2.
Use esea ch
As s a ed p e iously, a pa icipa o y design app oach was ollowed. This sec ion p esen s a
clea ocus on comp ehending he use needs and mo i a ions. He e, one can ind he
conduc ed ac i i ies and he s eps each one has.
E hical app o al
To wo k side by side wi h he pa icipan s aises ques ions ega ding he p i acy o he
pa icipan s and da a p o ec ion, all o his linked wi h e hical ques ions. The in o ma ion o
be collec ed can be e y pe sonal, since i ega ds such a delica e subjec . Keeping his in
mind, he o m o in o med consen om he Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da
Educação da Uni e sidade de Coimb a was illed and submi ed o app o al (Annex 1). This
o m p esen s a b ie explana ion o he p ojec , sus ained wi h he scien i ic jus i ica ion o
he in es iga ion. Wi h his documen , he Comissão de É ica was able o unde s and he
conduc ed in es iga ion, he pa icipan s o be ec ui ed, he isks and bene i s o he
in es iga ion and how he da a was p o ec ed. In he same documen , he in o med consen
o m can be ound. Da a p o ec ion and con iden iali y igh s a e also p esen ed, being he
pa icipan s awa e o he igh s and he wi hd awal o pa icipa ion. The p i acy o
pa icipan s and he espec i e da a p o ec ion is ensu ed and espec ed. This s udy also
makes su e no o jeopa dize he pa icipan s in any way.
Rec ui men
In o de o ollow he p oposed me hodology, i is c ucial o ec ui pa icipan s. The
pa icipan s a e chosen based on hei pe sonal expe iences ega ding b eas cance and
mas ec omy. They can be di ided in o wo g oups: women who ha e unde gone
mas ec omy; and heal h ca e p o essionals. The heal h ca e p o essionals ec ui ed a e
doc o s and psychologis s ha wo k side by side wi h women who ha e unde gone
34
mas ec omy. Doc o s ha e he abili y o o e scien i ic inpu o he p ojec , sha ing
knowledge abou mas ec omies, he impac i has on women and he p ecau ions women need
o ha e a e a mas ec omy, especially when i comes o choosing a b a. Psychologis s will
help o unde s and he psychosocial impac a mas ec omy can p oduce on women. Besides,
psychologis s can p o ide scien i ic insigh abou he ole o ashion and clo hing in he
psychological s a e o women who ha e unde gone a mas ec omy.
Fo ec ui ing, wo dis inguished pa hs we e ollowed, es ablishing con ac h ough email o
phone:
1. Pe sonal con ac s;
2. O ganiza ions, such as Liga Po uguesa con a o Canc o.
A he end o he ec ui men p ocess, he goal was o ec ui en pa icipan s: i e o se en
women, one o wo doc o s and one o wo psychologis s. A ange ha would p o ide a good
spec um o people and di e en expe iences. Wi h he p ocess comple ed, i was possible o
mo e o he nex s ages o he pa icipa o y design app oach, which we e he in e iews.
In e iews
In e iews, in he ield o use esea ch, is some hing o mal and s anda dized ha ies o be
nondi ec ed as a way o minimizing “ he pe spec i e o he pe son asking he ques ions”
(Kunia sky e al., 2012, p. 169), allowing o deeply explo e pa icipan s' hough s and
expe iences (Kunia sky e al., 2012). Use esea ch in e iews all in o a p ede ined
s uc u e, composed by six s ages (Kunia sky e al., 2012, pp. 170–171):
1. In oduc ion, om he pa icipan s and in e iewe . This will allow o se a mo e
com o able en i onmen o answe ing ques ions and sha ing pe sonal and somewha
deep expe iences;
2. Wa m-up, as a way o pa icipan s o s a o ocus on he wo k p esen ed and
answe ing ques ions;
3. Gene al issues, wi h an ini ial ound o gene al ques ions;
4. Deep ocus, whe e he idea, p oduc o se ice is in oduced and pa icipan s concen a e
on de ails, expe ience and he abili y o using he se ice o p oduc ;
5. Re ospec i e, whe e use s e alua e and alk abou he idea in a b oade ligh ;
6. W ap-up, as a way o o mally comple ing he in e iew.
Pe sonas
Wi h he goals and beha io pa e ns obse ed du ing he in e iews, i was possible o c ea e
pe sonas. Pe sonas a e “no a eal pe son, bu a syn hesis o ac s and obse a ions abou he
use s” (Kunia sky e al., 2012, p. 587). I is a way o ep esen ing people, and i is bes used
in hese ea ly s ages, be o e s a ing de eloping he wo k.
35
When c ea ing a pe sona, i is aluable o analyze wha he in e iewed pa icipan s ha e in
common, becoming possible o unde s and sha ed aspi a ions owa ds he p esen ed wo k.
Besides, i is also impo an o see he poin s o disag eemen . This allowed us o ind pa e ns
in he use beha io , and pa e ns end o d i e use goals and needs (Kunia sky e al., 2012).
Pe sonas a e a g ea way o gaining amilia i y and empa hy wi h use s. Unde s anding he
needs and desi es o he use s is a way o achie ing good design (Kunia sky e al., 2012)
Pho o elici a ion
When i comes o pa icipa o y design ac i i ies, he i s se o ac i i ies elies on dialogic
echniques, in o de o s imula e discussion wi h pa icipan s. One popula echnique used
du ing his s age, acco ding o Kunia sky (2012, p. 232), is pho o elici a ion, whe e pic u es
a e used “ o s imula e i id, conc e e, meaning ul wo ds” in o de o pa icipan s o espond
o a se o ques ions linked o pic u es shown by esea che s (Kunia sky e al., 2012). The
aim o his ac i i y is o unde s and pe sonal in e p e a ions ha each pa icipan has owa ds
each ques ion/pic u e, while ecalling p e ious expe iences ha a e ele an o he
de elopmen s age.
3.3.
Concep ualiza ion and P o o yping
A e conduc ing a use esea ch, when a deepe unde s anding o he inal use was gained,
ele an in o ma ion was collec ed and conside ed o he concep ualiza ion and p o o yping
s age. None heless, some phases we e achie ed based on he academic knowledge gained
h oughou he yea s and ex ac ed om he li e a u e e iew. The ollowing sec ion p esen s
he a ious s ages his concep ualiza ion and p o o yping con ains.
Visual iden i y
When de eloping a p oo o concep o an app, de ining he isual iden i y is c ucial, as a
way o isual ep esen a ion. Fo c ea ing he isual iden i y, he de eloped g aphic elemen s
we e suppo ed by he undamen al p inciples o design, in oduced by Donald No man.
Reso ing o hese p inciples o design helped o ensu e ha he design was c ea ed in he bes
way possible, being unc ional and appealing o he use s. Besides he design p inciples
p esen ed by No man, i was also eso ed o he wo k o Alan Coope and his book “Abou
Face” (2014) and he sys em c ea ed by Google, Ma e ial Design
11
.
Al hough wo king wi h end use s is c ucial in his p ojec , his phase o he p ojec was
c ea ed independen ly, wi hou inpu om he pa icipan s o he pa icipa o y design
11
h ps://m2.ma e ial.io/
36
ac i i ies, bu keeping he insigh s gained in he p e ious phases in mind a all imes. Ha ing
a cohe en isual iden i y is e y impo an , o co ec ly communica ing wi h end use s o
he se ice, bu also p o iding he bes expe ience possible. I is he i s impac he use s
ha e owa ds he p oo o concep , u ning he se ice in o some hing memo able o he eye
o he end use s. The c ea ed isual iden i y plays an impo an ole in he p o o ype phase,
especially in he medium- ideli y s age. I is in he p o o ype phase ha he c ea ed g aphic
elemen s a e employed, so i is undamen al ha hey a e c ea ed p e iously. Rega ding he
isual iden i y o his p ojec , one can ind: Logo ype; Typog aphy; colo scheme; Layou and
g id; and iconog aphy.
3D modeling
This s age combines bo h concep ualiza ion and p o o yping, o c ea ing a model o a b a
designed o women who ha e unde gone mas ec omies. Fi s ly, he e is he
concep ualiza ion s age, whe e i is unde s ood he needs and desi es women ha e owa ds
b as o he pos -op s age. To achie e his, in o ma ion om he pa icipa o y design
ac i i ies is e ie ed, ega ding he needs owa ds pos mas ec omy b as. A e o ganizing he
in o ma ion, i is possible o mo e o he p o o ype s age o he 3D modula ion. The p o o ype
s age consis s, i s ly, o designing b a op ions ha con ain he aspec s equi ed by he
pa icipan s. A e he pape ske ches a e done, i is possible o s a he 3D modula ion,
eso ing o he so wa e Blende
12
. This allows o c ea e a 3D model o a b a, o la e use in
he high- ideli y p o o ypes o he p oo o concep .
P o o yping
P o o yping is an impo an s ep o designing he p oo o concep in o de o ans o m he
in o ma ion p e iously ob ained in o isual ep esen a ions, allowing he pa icipan s o
in e ac wi h hese ep esen a ions. P o o yping can p esen dis inc shapes, anging om
“pape -based ou line o a sc een” o a “complex piece o so wa e” (P eece e al., 2002, p.
241). The limi ed ep esen a ion o he inal p oduc o se ice ha he p o o ype ep esen s,
allows he use s o in e ac and explo e he a ious unc ionali ies planned, and see i i mee s
hei pa icula expec a ions. E ol ing ideli y p o o ypes we e c ea ed. The i s ound o
p o o yping consis s o low- ideli y p o o ypes, i.e. pape p o o ypes. This is a quick way o
isually ep esen ideas and p esen hem o he use , and con i m whe he he p oposed
design mee s use desi es and expec a ions. Fo he medium and high- ideli y p o o ypes, a
digi al app oach was used. Figma, Uni y, and he associa ed p og amming language C#, was
he chosen pla o m o c ea e he p oo o concep o he in ended disse a ion. Adding o
hese echnologies, he In el RealSense Dep h Came a
13
was es ed, as a way o
unde s anding i i was possible o pa icipan s o i ually y unde ga men s a home. As
p esen ed in he opic ega ding ga men pe sonaliza ion apps, in3d o e s an easy
12
h ps://www.blende .o g/
13
h ps://www.in el ealsense.com/dep h-came a-d455/

37
in eg a able SDK (So wa e De elopmen Ki )
14
o 3D a a a models. The SDK gi es access
o in3D a a a models, wi h ex u es and igged, being compa ible wi h Uni y. This SDK was
also explo ed in he p o o yping phase.
3.4.
E alua ion
In o de o unde s and i he p oduc o se ice is “usable by he in ended use popula ion”
(P eece e al., 2002, p. 230), e alua ing becomes ele an . Du ing an e alua ion phase, use s
a e asked o comple e p e iously de ined asks ega ding he sys em being e alua ed (P eece
e al., 2002). In a mo e ad anced s age o p o o yping, when mo e unc ionali ies a e de ined,
usabili y es ing is he chosen echnique o use expe ience e alua ion. Acco ding o
Kunia sky, “usabili y es ing examines how people pe o m speci ic asks, guiding he
de ini ion and implemen a ion o unc ionali y” (Kunia sky e al., 2012, p. 345). In his
e alua ion echnique, pa icipan s a e asked o ca y ou a se o ca e ully p epa ed asks,
whe e he pe o mance is measu ed in e ms o e o s and ime aken o comple e he asks.
While use s a e pe o ming he ask, hey a e being wa ched and eco ded. This helps he
designe o be e ecognize e o s, ime aken o comple e a ask and o unde s and why he
pa icipan s had a ce ain beha io owa ds he asks (P eece e al., 2002). The ga he ed da a
is mainly quan i a i e, ob ained h ough ques ionnai es o in e iews made o he pa icipan s.
The app oach is based on expe imen a ion and p oduces ou pu s ha p o ide a benchma k o
imp o emen s o he idea, based on pe o mance measu es and e o s (P eece e al., 2002).
3.5.
Wo k plan
As a way o s uc u ing he wo k de eloped, a wo k plan was elabo a ed. This plan consis ed
o es ima ing and planning he asks, me hods and he amoun o ime needed o each s age.
In Sep embe 2021, a i s wo k plan (Annex 2) was c ea ed o bo h semes e s. Bu , a e
conduc ing he wo k in he i s semes e , and ha ing a miles one in he beginning o
Feb ua y, e isions we e necessa y.
Figu e 14 and Figu e 15 p esen s he e ised Gan cha , planned a e he i s miles one o
he disse a ion. In his Gan cha , i is possible o see how he wo k ook place in he i s
semes e and con empla e a mo e ealis ic plan o he second semes e . None heless, his
wo k planned had o be e ised again (Figu e 16) o he las h ee s ages o he disse a ion
de elopmen : p o o yping and implemen a ion, e alua ion and disse a ion w i ing.
14
h ps://asse s o e.uni y.com/packages/3d/cha ac e s/in3d-a a a -sdk-205111#desc ip ion
38
Figu e 14 - Re ised Gan cha - i s semes e
Figu e 15 - Re ised Gan cha - second semes e
39
Figu e 16 - Final Gan cha
This new wo k plan (Figu e 16) s a s in Sep embe and con empla es he whole wo k p ocess
un il he deadline o he disse a ion in Janua y. Fo be e o ganiza ion, he new Gan cha
is di ided by weeks and each week has an assigned ask. S a ing in Sep embe , i was
necessa y o e ise he p e ious wo k plan and o ganize i again, acco ding o he new ime
ame. A he same ime, i was ime o s a o de elop he medium- ideli y p o o ypes,
s a ing in mid-Sep embe and going un il he end o Oc obe . In he week a e s a ing he
medium- ideli y p o o ypes, he 3D modula ion o a b a op ion ook place. A e e ising he
wo k done p e iously, i was no iceable ha ha ing a chap e dedica ed o design p inciples
was lacking, so i is also planned o do some li e a u e e iew ega ding his opic. Be o e
s a ing o p epa e he usabili y es s, i is undamen al o ha e a ec ui men phase, since he
a ailabili y o people can be ha d o ob ain. Keeping his in mind, he ec ui men phase ook
place wo weeks p io o he usabili y es s, s a ing om he 31s o Oc obe un il he 11 h o
No embe . A e conduc ing he usabili y es s o he medium- ideli y p o o ypes,
adjus men s we e made and p oceeded o de elop he high- ideli y p o o ypes in Uni y. These
p o o ypes we e de eloped om he mid o No embe un il he second week o Decembe . In
he las week designa ed o de elop he high- ideli y p o o ypes, i was planned o s a
p epa ing he usabili y es s o he high- ideli y p o o ypes. Bu since he medium- ideli y
p o o ypes p o ed o be success ul in he usabili y es s, we concluded a new ound o es s
was unnecessa y. Chap e 6 o e s a de ailed iew o he es s and he analysis o hem,
explaining why he medium- ideli y p o o ypes we e a success. The documen o he
disse a ion will be w i en om he beginning o No embe un il he second week o
Janua y, wi h e isions and co ec ions in be ween. The wo k plan ends in he hi d week o
Janua y, wi h he deli e y o he hesis and he p epa a ion o he de ense.
40
3.6.
Chap e summa y
This chap e p esen ed he di e en esea ch s ages ha he wo k is in ended o pu sue. While
use -cen e ed design ocuses on de eloping a p oduc o se ice ha will e en ually mee he
use s’ needs, pa icipa o y design wo ks side by side wi h he pa icipan s as a way o uly
unde s anding hei desi es and needs. Co-design includes a ious echniques ha allows
designe s and pa icipan s o wo k oge he . Combining elemen s om hese wo app oaches,
i was possible o gain a be e sense o he expe iences o women who ha e unde gone
mas ec omies. F om he ealm o pa icipa o y and co-design, dialogic echniques and
gene a i e echniques we e chosen o lead he wo k sessions. These echniques a e used o
ge in-dep h knowledge o he pa icipan s, hei aspi a ions and needs, ga he ing impo an
in o ma ion in o de o de elop he bes wo k possible. The e alua ion o he e ol ing
ideli y p o o ypes allowed us o unde s and i he sys em mee s he use s’ needs. To inish
his chap e , and as a way o o ganizing he di e en s ages he wo k p esen s, a Gan cha
was p esen ed, which helps o isually unde s and he a ious phases o he wo k.
4.
Analysis o he p oblem
This chap e p esen s he wo k conduc ed in he p ojec de elopmen s age. The wo k ca ied
ou in his s age s a ed wi h he ec ui men o pa icipan s and includes he in e iews,
pe sonas, pho o elici a ion. Each phase desc ibes how i was p epa ed, when i was
de eloped, he pa icipan s in ol ed (when applicable), he con ex in which i occu ed, wha
ma e ials o echnologies we e used, he esul s and key lea nings ha eme ged om ha
phase, and how hey impac ed he design.
4.1.
S o yboa d
In o de o help isualize he use expe ience wi h he p oposed p ojec and unde s and he
possible in e ac ions, a s o yboa d was c ea ed (Figu e 17)
15
. The s o yboa d s a s wi h
Amélia expe iencing di icul y choosing an adap ed b a o he speci ic needs a e unde going
mas ec omy. I is a ha d ask o he , especially because she ecalls he elegan and a ie y o
op ions she had p io o he su ge y. A e inding a ga men pe sonaliza ion app, whose main
ocus is o o e unde ga men op ions o women who ha e unde gone mas ec omies,
Amélia s a s o explo e he app and he di e en op ions ha a e o e ed. Fo pe sonalizing
he desi ed unde ga men , Amélia needs o c ea e a 3D a a a based on he body. A e wa ds,
15
In Annex 3, one can ind he i s de eloped s o yboa d ha su e ed al e a ions a e he i s a ge was
deli e ed. This adjus men was needed o be made because, un o una ely, he senso In el RealSense s opped
being explo ed and making pa o he p ojec . The eam only had access o he senso in Ma ch and, be o e
being able o explo e wi h i , we only had access o he p o ided in o ma ion online. A e a ho ough esea ch,
i was made no iceable ha he e was no a ailable li e a u e e iew ega ding body mea ics. A e esea ching
and a ious a emp s, i was concluded ha he senso only can measu e in dep h (z axis) and no be ween wo
poin s (x and y axis), as was in ended.
47
sen ences sha ed by he in e iewed women and ha encapsula e he eelings he pa icipan s
ha e owa ds he exis ing b a op ions. These a i ma ions also suppo one o he main ideas
behind he p oposed wo k, and ha i is in ended o add ess he s a ed di icul y.
Wi h he in e iews, i was possible o lea n abou wha women eally look o when he e is
he need o buy a b a. The unanimous unc ional aspec ha he in e iewed women e e ed
o was he need o b as no o ha e unde wi e. Besides his unc ional aspec , women also
indica ed he ollowing:
- B a wi h side pocke s o pu he p os hesis on;
- Wide b a s ap;
- P ac ical b a.
The las pa o he in e iew consis ed in opening up he space o exchange ideas abou he
concep o enclo hed cogni ion, p esen ed p e iously in his documen in sec ion 2.2.1. All
ou women “ o ally ag eed” wi h his concep , claiming ha clo hes ha e he powe o
impac one’s sel -es eem. Clo hing is pe cei ed as a way o communica ing, and e en colo s
can a ec he way women eel and hei sel -es eem. One woman said ha b igh ed made
he eel like he sel and con iden , and ano he one said ha black was he sa e choice when
she needed o eel good. “I may be da k, people may say i is connec ed wi h sadness, bu i
makes me eel good”. The in e iewed women s a ed ha hey liked o ge eady, and chose
pieces o clo hing ha made hem eel good abou hemsel es. One hing ha hese women
e e ed o was he ac ha hey like o ge eady o hemsel es and no o o he s. “I is no
o he o he s, i is o me, o eel good”, as one pa icipan con essed. They use ashion, and
clo hing, as a way o posi i ely p omo ing hei sel -es eem, o eel good abou hemsel es,
and no o please o he people.
The o he ou come om he in e iews wi h he ec ui ed women was he c ea ion o wo
pe sonas (Figu e 19 and Figu e 20). As s a ed by Mike Kunia sky (2012), “a pe sona is a
use a che ype (...), no a eal pe son, bu a syn hesis o ac s and obse a ions abou eal
use s ha leads o a memo able cha ac e ”. In he con ex o his p ojec , i was impo an o
de ine pe sonas in o de o cap u e women’s needs and desi es, as well as o gain mo e
empa hy wi h hem. The pe sonas c ea ed we e de eloped and e ined based on he
in o ma ion collec ed om he in e iews. The names o he pe sonas a e ic i ious, bu he
emnan o he in o ma ion is based on he in e iewed pa icipan s.
The c ea ed pe sonas ep esen wo di e en ypes o women who ha e unde gone
mas ec omies: women who had unde gone mas ec omy a ew yea s ago and ended up ha ing
b eas econs uc i e su ge y; and women who had unde gone mas ec omy ecen ly, and a e
s ill ying o adjus o he changes. The i s desc ip ion o women a e ep esen ed by Alice
Gama (Figu e 19) and include posi i e eelings owa ds he su ge y, he amilia i y wi h he
si ua ion, bu s ill he s uggle i is o ind an adequa e b a. The second pe sona, Te esa Soa es
(Figu e 20), desc ibes a woman who had unde gone a mas ec omy ecen ly and is s ill
adjus ing o he a ious changes. Besides his, i ep esen s he pa o women who y o

48
o e come he obs acles o no ha ing b as ha i co ec ly and a e beau i ul, by al e ing
di e en op ions and making hese mo e hei pe sonal s yle. To isually c ea e he pe sonas,
we used Figma and he open sou ce plug-in “Humaaans o Figma”
16
by Pablo S anley.
Figu e 19 - Pe sona Alice Gama, woman who unde gone mas ec omy
16
h ps://www. igma.com/communi y/plugin/739503328703046360/Humaaans- o -Figma
49
Figu e 20 - Pe sona Te esa Soa es, woman who unde gone mas ec omy
50
4.2.1.2.
Resul s and analysis heal h ca e p o essionals’
in e iews
In e iewing heal h ca e p o essionals ha wo k side by side wi h pos mas ec omy women
was a way o ge ing in-dep h knowledge o he p ocedu e o he mas ec omy and how i
a ec ed women. Again, he analysis o he collec ed da a was o ganized h ough an a ini y
diag am (Annex 6), based on he al eady p esen ed le els.
The i s le el ocuses on he knowledge collec ed abou mas ec omy, such as he p ocedu e,
he physical impac s and he eco e y p ocess. The mas ec omy is a long and pain ul pa h, as
s a ed by all he in e iewed heal h ca e p o essionals. “I is no only he mas ec omy, hey
(women) go h ough chemo he apy and adio he apy sessions. I is a long and pain ul
p ocess”, as one pa icipan explained. I is a p ocess ha in ol es a ious su ge ies,
adio he apy and chemo he apy, and a e y challenging sca ing p ocess. The e is also he
loss o a e y impo an a ea o he emale body, wi h a huge physical impac . This is u e ly
connec ed wi h he psychological impac , as one pa icipan explained “I hink ha i is
impossible o dissocia e he physical pa om he psychological one. And he b eas s, o
women, always ha e a ious symbols, such as o eminini y and mo he hood”.
The second le el p esen ed on he a ini y diag am is connec ed wi h clo hing, especially
b as, in he pos mas ec omy s age. When i comes o clo hing, all o he in e iewed
p o essionals ag eed ha women need o ake special a en ion when i comes o clea ages,
due o he p os hesis, sca ing and e en skin i egula i ies a e ea men s. O he aspec s ha
we e men ioned, and which a e pa icula ly ele an o his esea ch, a e:
- A oid igh i ed ops;
- Cau ion wi h syn he ic ab ics and seams, since hey can cause i i a ion on he skin o
he sca ;
- Cau ion wi h colo s and ab ics, so hey don’ ans e o he skin, especially o he sca .
When ques ioned abou b a op ions, he h ee heal h ca e p o essionals highligh ed he
necessa y unc ional aspec s ha b a op ions need o ha e in o de o be conside ed a good
b a:
- B a wi h suppo o p os hesis, such as a side pocke ;
- B a wi hou unde wi e;
- Take special a en ion o he ab ic quali y, ying o op o co on since i is, usually,
mo e com o able;
- B a ha opens in he on . I is e y p ac ical, no only o placing he p os hesis, bu
also because women ha e a di icul ime o o a e hei a ms and uppe body a e he
mas ec omy, so closing he b a in he back can be e y ha d and pain ul;
- La ge b a s aps, helping o suppo he p os hesis and a oid o cause any ha m on he
shoulde s;
51
- B a wi h a alle clea age can be a good op ion o women ha ha e sca s on he
s e num o do s in ha a ea om he adio he apy.
An impo an aspec ha he in e iewed doc o e e ed o was ha lace is no a iable op ion
when choosing a b a, as lace is, mos o he ime, a syn he ic ab ic. A ype o ab ic ha can
ha e se ious implica ions in a mo e sensi i e skin a ea, such as he ches a e he
mas ec omy, ending up by causing i i abili y. Ano he hing is ha lace does no p o ide
good suppo o he p os hesis used by women. This is in e es ing, since lace is usually
pe cei ed as an elegan op ion o ab ic and women end o like i o unde wea pieces.
Connec ing he physical impac wi h he psychological one, and being his he hi d le el o
he a ini y diag am, i is possible o no ice how he mas ec omy a ec s women and hei
men al s a e. Psychologically, women ace a ious challenges. The one aspec ha was
poin ed ou by all h ee in e iewed heal h ca e p o essionals was he dec ease o he libido
and sexuali y, some hing ha can ake a big oll on ela ionships wi h pa ne s. One o he
in e iewed pa icipan s ecalled some episodes o women who el ha people, especially
hei pa ne s, s a ed o look di e en ly owa ds hem. The doc o con ibu ed wi h he
opinion on his subjec , sha ing wha women who ha e unde gone mas ec omy el : “(People)
don’ look a me in he same way, my husband does no look in he same way (...) So, he e is
a s ong psychological impac ”. This impac s g ea ly when i comes o women’s sel -es eem
and he way hey pe cei e hemsel es. The ela ionship women ha e wi h hei body
d as ically changes, wi h a nega i e a ec ed sel -es eem and sel -concep . This happens,
mainly, because women eel ha some hing is missing, and do no eel like hemsel es. And
some women ha e e en a deepe sense o loss, eeling ampu a ed. The e is a long p ocess o
accep ing he new body image, a p ocess ha can be eased ou by ha ing he igh help, such
as psychologis s. The in e iewed p o essionals unde s and ha women “ eel he loss o one
o gan ha , al hough is no physically i al, i is o he appea ance and sel -es eem”,
especially due o he a ious meanings and oles ha b eas s ha e in socie y, such as:
eminini y, mo he hood, sexuali y, and e en dis inc ion be ween sexes (biologically
speaking).
The in e iewed psychologis s essed how impo an i is o be hones abou wha he woman
is eeling, in o de o help du ing he healing p ocess, “Wi hou a doub , one o he main
pieces o ad ice gi en is o women o sha e and be hones wi h how she eels”. Women also
ea he esu gence o cance cells, so hey accep he mas ec omy as pa o he cu e p ocess.
Women de elop an a e sion o he oncological en i onmen , being his one o he easons
why women op o no ha ing b eas econs uc i e su ge y.
When in oduced wi h he concep o enclo hed cogni ion, he in e iewed heal h ca e
wo ke s we e pa ed, since hey could no gene alize some hing like his, being s yle and
ashion e y pe sonal o each indi idual. Bu , i was possible o conclude ha clo hes do ha e
he powe o a ec he men al s a e, ene gy and a i ude owa ds li e. Clo hing can also help
o pe cei e he men al s a e o he wea e , i “in luences he s a e o he pe son. The
psychological s a e, he pos u e o he pe son. The ene gy i p esen s owa ds li e (...) In my
52
wo k, I y o e en use clo hes o unde s and he psychological s a e o he pe son”, as sha ed
by he nu se. The same pa icipan ga e an example o someone who was dealing wi h
dep ession. In his case, i was possible o no ice ha some hing was no well since he pe son
s opped ca ing o he appea ance, p esen ing he sel in e y w inkled clo hes, o example.
Implica ions o design
A e analyzing he in e iews, i s indi idually, and hen di ided by g oups o pa icipan s,
i was possible o syn hesize he key lea nings and ind common g ound be ween he wo
g oups (Annex 7). These key lea nings we e hen aken in o conside a ion in he design s age
o his p ojec .
When alking abou clo hing, i was clea ha buying pieces o clo hing a e he mas ec omy
is di icul , especially unde wea and swimwea . A e he in e iews wi h he pa icipan s, i
was unde s ood ha he b a model ha was c ea ed had o espond o ce ain demands and
needs om women who ha e unde gone mas ec omy, such as:
- Side pocke s o he p os hesis;
- Talle clea age, helping o hide he sca ;
- B a wi hou unde wi es;
- Wide b a s aps;
- Quali y ab ic, usually co on and pay ex a a en ion o lace. I he e is lace, a leas
don’ be in di ec con ac wi h he skin.
These aspec s we e he ones ha guided he design o he b a model and can be encoun e ed
in he inal p o o ype o he 3D b a model, p esen in sec ion 5.1 - 3D modeling. These
conside a ions we e also suppo ed by he in e iewed heal h ca e p o essionals.
The in e iewed women all eel ha he indus y has no malized b a op ions o women who
do no ha e o deal wi h a mas ec omy, making i ha de o ind a ious op ions o women
who ha e unde gone his p ocedu e.
Wi h ega ds o he enclo hed cogni ion concep , i was no possible o achie e common
g ound. While women conside ed his concep o be a eali y, and could connec wi h i ,
heal h ca e p o essionals p e e ed o ela e i o some hing ha can be di e en o each
pe son han o gene alize. Besides his, i was possible o unde s and ha all o he
in e iewees ag ee wi h he ac ha clo hing can be a way o communica ing and posi i ely
impac sel -es eem. This can be ansla ed in o he o e ed op ion o b as o women who
ha e unde gone mas ec omies, combining he unc ional wi h he aes he ic elemen s, making
women eel good abou hemsel es and help wi h hei sel -es eem.

53
4.3.
Pho o Elici a ion
A e conduc ing he in e iews, we we e able o s a wi h he p oposed ac i i y, connec ed
wi h he pa icipa o y design app oach chosen o be ollowed. I is in his s age ha he pho o
elici a ion ac i i y is p esen ed. The main goal o his ac i i y is o p omo e communica ion
wi h pa icipan s, eso ing o pic u es o guide he con e sa ion. I is also in ended o
pa icipan s o sha e pe sonal expe iences, eelings and hough s ega ding mas ec omy and
b a op ions a ailable. As s a ed p e iously, he al eady ec ui ed and in e iewed women
pa icipa ed in his ac i i y.
P ocedu es
A e conduc ing he in e iews, we we e able o s a wi h he pho o elici a ion p oposed
ac i i y. Pho o elici a ion p omo es communica ion wi h pa icipan s, eso ing o pic u es o
guide he con e sa ion (Kunia sky e al., 2012, p. 232). In his wo k, he pho o elici a ion
was in ended o pa icipan s o sha e pe sonal expe iences, eelings and hough s ega ding
mas ec omy and b a op ions a ailable. The pa icipan s o he pho o elici a ion ac i i y we e
he same as hose in e iewed.
P ocedu es
The p epa a ion o his ac i i y s a ed wi h he c ea ion o a able (Table 5) o o ganize ideas
and goals o his ac i i y. The able is di ided by:
- Possible ques ions o be asked du ing he ac i i ies;
- Goals o he ac i i y;
- P ocedu e and p epa a ion;
- Da a collec ion;
- Analysis o he da a.
54
Table 5 - Table c ea ed o o ganizing he pho o elici a ion ac i i y
As a way o guiding he sea ch o images, i was decided o ocus he ac i i y on he
ollowing hemes:
- B eas cance , pe sonal expe ience;
- B eas cance , psychological impac and body image;
- B as, be o e and a e he mas ec omy.
Wi h he hemes de ined, i was possible o s a sea ching and collec ing di e en pho os o
he ac i i y. We sea ched he web o pic u es and e ie ed 17 pho os. A e a e iew
p ocess, hi een pho os we e selec ed, which me he goals we se -ou o achie e.
The ac i i y is in ended o be guided by he pa icipan s. This means ha he pa icipan s
would choose wha pho os hey would like o alk abou and conduc he ac i i y, being he
esea che an ac i e lis ene . Fo his pu pose, a small p esen a ion was c ea ed (Annex 6), in
o de o be sha ed wi h he pa icipan s be o e he ac i i y. This way, pa icipan s we e able
o ake a i s look a he pho os and he di e en hemes, deciding he cou se hey wan ed he
ac i i y o ake, such as deciding he o de o he pho os o be deba ed. The pho o elici a ion
ac i i y ook place on he online pla o m Zoom, making i possible o eco d he mee ings.
This ac i i y was planned o ake no longe han i een minu es, some hing ha was possible
o achie e. Fo he analysis, an a ini y diag am was used. The h ee hema ics men ioned
55
abo e se ed as segmen s o he hema ic analysis. The nex sec ion sha es he esul s o his
ac i i y.
Resul s and analysis
The ac i i y s a ed wi h explo ing he b oade heme, b eas cance and he pe sonal
expe ience, and hen became mo e speci ic a each s age, ending wi h b a op ions be o e and
a e he mas ec omy. The ac i i y was eco ded, as a way o helping in he analysis p ocess.
Da a we e i s ansc ibed and, a e wa ds, analyzed. This sec ion p esen s and discusses he
ob ained esul s.
a. B eas Cance , pe sonal expe ience
When i comes o he mas ec omy p ocedu e and he pe sonal expe ience o each woman, i
was aluable o unde s and ha he pa icipan s did no eel shocked when looking a sca s
shown in he pho og aphs, and eel he same way owa ds hei own. All he pa icipan s
emembe ed how ha d he eco e ing and sca ing p ocess was, and e en how ho ible i
looked. S ill, women can look a he sca and ha e a posi i e a i ude owa ds i . Al hough i
was a challenging p ocess o hese women, hey all aced i as a cu e, some hing o be
g a e ul o . Al hough he e we e some o n ideas ega ding his posi i e a i ude, some
women eel like no ha ing a b eas is an achie emen , no some hing ha is missing, as one
pa icipan s a ed “ he lack o he b eas was no exac ly a lack, bu mo e o an achie emen ”.
On he o he hand, some women eel his absence owa ds some hing, being le wi h an odd
eeling o jus ha ing one side, o none, o he b eas . I is possible o link hese eelings,
exp essed by he pa icipa ing women, wi h he al eady p esen ed li e a u e e iew. The
au ho s Koçan and Gü soy exp ess hose same conce ns and hough s when sha ing ha he
opinions o women who ha e unde gone mas ec omy shi be ween being “g a e ul o s ill be
ali e and saw his as mo e impo an han he loss o a b eas ” and expe iencing “g ea
sadness a he loss o hei b eas ”, (2016, p. 147).
When aced wi h he pic u e o women showing o hei sca s in such a ligh mood (Figu e
21), he pa icipan s did no eel uncom o able. They all hough how beau i ul he pho o
was, and how com o able women el wi h hei new body, “ acing he missing o one b eas
wi h cou age”, as one woman said. The e a e beau i ul ways o showing he new body, elling
a new na a i e, helping women o ind a way o eeling con iden and beau i ul.
56
Figu e 21 - Image used in he pho o elici a ion ac i i y
Some hing ha women ecalled as being e y ha d o go h ough was he cons ain s hey el
on hei uppe body, due o he ex ac ion o he lymph nodes. This made he eco e y
p ocess e en ha de , a ec ing no only physically, bu also psychologically. I equi es “a lo
o willingness o u n he si ua ion a ound and egain he p e ious mobili y”, as one o he
pa icipan s ecalled. In sho , we concluded ha he in e iewees canno disassocia e he
physical om he psychological, being bo h a ec ed a e unde going a mas ec omy.
b. B eas Cance , body image and psychological impac
Following he ain o hough o ha ing a posi i e mindse owa ds mas ec omy, women eel
like hey do no ha e he need o hide hei new body, a e he healing p ocess. Bu , al hough
he pa icipan s appea o ha e a posi i e a i ude, i is s ill a oublesome p ocess o deal
wi h. And “no ma e how s ong a pe son is, i is s ill ha d o look in he mi o ”, as s a ed by
one o he pa icipan s. The same pa icipan sha ed ha “ he i s ime you look in he mi o
is odd, al hough i is no some hing new, since I was awa e o he change”. Bu some hing
ha was mo e challenging o some o he in e iewed women (2 ou o 4) was ouching he
a ec ed a ea, specially he sca . Ano he pa icipan e en said ha she “did no imagine ha
ha was going o happen”.
When con on ed wi h a pho o o a woman looking in he mi o and pu ing makeup on
(Figu e 22), he majo i y o he pa icipan s (3 ou o 4) con essed ha hey s a ed o pay
mo e a en ion o aking ca e o hemsel es, o example pu ing makeup on, because i was
some hing ha made hem eel good. Besides, i was a way o no looking so sick. One o he
pa icipan s e en ecalled one unpleasan in e ac ion wi h a pe son ha made a lo o
ques ions abou he looks and heal h, making he eel e y uncom o able abou he image.
We concluded ha a e he mas ec omy, i can be ha d o look a he new body and he new
eali y, as s a ed p e iously, being e y easy o igno e pe sonal desi es and ways o being in
li e.
63
Figu e 28 - Final low- ideli y p o o ype o he b a
Al hough in he ske ches one canno see he pocke s o he p os hesis, placed inside he b a,
and he opening o he same, hese aspec s we e aken in o conside a ion in he ske ch phase.
Rega ding he op ions o he b a, i was decided o ha e a on opening, which is a p ac ical
op ion o women since:
- A e he mas ec omy, and especially i he lymph nodes a e ex ac ed, women canno
o a e and each hei back, making i ha d o open he b a in he back;
- I is a p ac ical way o adjus he p os hesis, i needed.
A e inalizing he ske ches o he b a model, i was ime o mo e o he nex phase o
p o o yping, he digi al one. Fo achie ing his goal, he 3D so wa e blende was used. The
i s model ha was p o o yped, had bo h closing a he on and back. Bu , a e analyzing
he c ea ed e sion, we came o he ealiza ion ha ha ing one opening in he back and one in
he on did no make much sense. A ee alua ion o he speci ica ions women sha ed
ega ding b as o pos mas ec omy, helped o e ocus on he ask o c ea ing his 3D model.
Likewise, he speci ica ions ha ended up being inco po a ed in he 3D model we e:
- Inside pocke s, as a way o helping wi h he p os hesis;
- F on opening, helping o adjus he p os hesis when needed. Also, i is e y use ul in
he mon hs a e he su ge y, whe e a lo o women deal wi h limi a ions o mo emen ;
- Talle clea age, o co e ing he sca and o help suppo he p os hesis;
- La ge s aps in he shoulde a ea, o e ing mo e suppo ;
- Possibili y o adjus ing s aps;
- No unde wi e and no padding added, making su e i is com o able o wea ;
- Ha ing special a en ion o he selec ed ab ics. Always 100% co on and, in he cases
whe e lace is in ended o be used, he e is always a p o ec i e laye o co on, making
su e he lace and skin a e no in di ec con ac .

64
Wi h hese aspec s in mind, he c ea ed model is he ollowing one, as shown in Figu e 29.
The di e en ex u es and colo s ha he b a can ha e, we e ied ou in he nex phase o
p o o ypes, he high- ideli y ones.
Figu e 29 - 3D model o he c ea ed b a
Las ly, he 3D b a model gained ex u es and colo s. Two di e en ex u es we e used in he
model, eso ing o ee ex u es a ailable online. One o he ex u es esembles co on
17
and
he o he p esen s a pa e n ha can be pe cei ed as lace
18
. A e , di e en colo s we e
applied o he model (whi e, black and pink). Figu e 30 shows he pink b a model wi h co on
ab ic. In annex 10, one can ind all he o he colo s and ex u es he p o o ype can p esen .
Figu e 30 - Pink b a model wi h co on ma e ial
17
h ps://www.poliigon.com/ ex u e/ ab ic- leece-001/2332
18
h ps://3d ex u es.me/2022/06/20/ ab ic-lace-027/
65
5.2.
Visual iden i y and s yle guide
Unlike p e ious s ages, he isual iden i y and s yle guide we e de eloped wi hou he inpu
gained h ough pa icipa o y design ac i i ies. The chap e desc ibes he di e en s eps aken
o de ine he ypog aphy, colo , logo ype, layou and g id, iconog aphy.
Typog aphy
Reso ing o ex as an ally in an in e ace can be a good op ion, since “w i en language can
con ey dense and nuanced in o ma ion” (Coope , 2014, p. 410). None heless, he e is also he
need o use ex in a ca e ul way, since “i also has g ea po en ial o con use and complica e”
he use , as explained by Alan Coope (2014, p. 410). Typog aphy ends up being wha i is
“be ween he au ho and he eade ”, ensu ing he legibili y and he eadabili y o he ex
(Ru e , 2017, p. 4). Wi h his in mind, one can unde s and he impo ance o choosing he
co ec ype ace when designing a isual iden i y.
Acco ding o Alan Coope , h ee main guidelines should be ollowed when eso ing o ex
on an in e ace (2014, p. 410):
1. Op o high con as ex , making su e ha he “ ex con as s wi h i s backg ound”,
aiming o 80% con as . I is also ad ised no o use complemen a y colo s, since hey
may a ec eadabili y;
2. Choose a i ing ype ace and size, whe e sans-se i on s a e bes used o eadabili y. I
he ype ace size is less han 10 pixels, he eadabili y can be comp omised.
3. Decide on succinc ly w i en ex , achie ing unde s andabili y by using “ he ewes
wo ds necessa y o clea ly con ey meaning” (Coope , 2014, p. 410).
Conside ing he impo ance o choosing he igh ype ace o he p oo o concep , i was
decided o ha e wo di e en on s, Robo o Mono (Figu e 31) and Mon se a (Figu e 31).
The dis inguished on s help o deciphe he in o ma ion hie a chy c ea ed. Bo h chosen on s
a e sans-se i , since hey p oduce a be e esul o legibili y (Ru e , 2017). The main chosen
on was Robo o Mono, used o headlines and sub i les. Fo small cap ions and body ex , he
complemen a y chosen on was Mon se a .
To help make he bes decisions ega ding he ype ace, we eso ed o Ma e ial Design
19
, a
sys em c ea ed by Google ha allows he eam o c ea e a high-quali y digi al expe ience,
such as in e aces. He e, di e en guidelines a e p esen ed as a way o helping in he design
p ocess. I used he ype scale gene a o , a ool p o ided by Ma e ial Design ha helps o
es ablish ype scales. These ype scales can be applied o any on p esen in he Google Fon s
19
h ps://ma e ial.io/
66
ca alog, au oma ically esizing and op imizing each one, based on he Ma e ial Design
ypog aphy guidance o eadabili y.
Figu e 31 - Main ype ace Robo o Mono
Figu e 32 - Complemen a y ype ace Mon se a
Colo scheme
When choosing a colo pale e o a isual iden i y he e is he need o “ ake in o accoun he
use ’s goals, en i onmen , he con en , and he b and”, as explained by Coope in he book
67
“Abou Face” (2014, p. 407). The e a e h ee p inciples ha colo p esen s, as explained
h ough he Ma e ial Design sys em
20
:
1. Hie a chical, whe e colo indica es he le el o emphasis o he elemen s, how hey
in e ac wi h each o he and can e en indica e he elemen s ha a e in e ac able, o no .
Impo an elemen s should s and ou h ough he use o colo ;
2. Legible, whe e he e is he need o mee legibili y s anda ds when i comes o elemen s
showing in on o he backg ound, o example ex and icons. As Coope explains, on a
da k backg ound da k elemen will appea as ain . Bu , i he backg ound is ligh , da ke
elemen s will s and ou (2014, p. 407);
3. Exp essi e, since colo has he powe o exp ess he b and’s s yle, i should be used in
ou a o . Using he b and colo s a memo able momen s will ein o ce he s yle.
I is bes p ac ice o ha e a limi ed numbe o colo s composing he pale e, o he wise he
use will be g ee ed wi h he ca ni al e ec . This happens when he colo pale e is c owded,
“o e whelms use s and limi s (...) he abili y o communica e” (Coope , 2014, p. 408).
Likewise, he Ma e ial Design sys em ecommends selec ing a p ima y and a seconda y
colo . Then, one can eso o da k and ligh a ian s o each. A p ima y colo is he colo
displayed mo e equen ly ac oss he in e ace. A seconda y colo is no manda o y, bu is a
good way o accen and dis inguish he b and. The seconda y colo should be applied
occasionally o accen selec ed pa s o he UI.
Keeping in mind he aspec s e e ed p e iously, and being awa e ha he colo s need o
e lec he b and and s yle, i was op ed o he ollowing colo pale e (Figu e 33):
Figu e 33 - Colo pale e
20
h ps://m2.ma e ial.io/design/colo / he-colo -sys em.h ml#colo -usage-and-pale es
68
The pink was chosen wi h he in en ion o being used in elemen s ha need o s and ou in he
in e ace. Pink is he colo ha is in ima ely connec ed wi h b eas cance , being he pink lace
he in e na ional symbol o b eas cance awa eness (Figu e 34). The idea was o con inue
wi h he pink, bu wi h a di e en colo alue, as a way o c ea ing mo e con as wi h he
o he wo colo s (black and whi e). The whi e was chosen o be used as he backg ound colo
and black o he ex and small elemen s ha don’ ha e he need o be as p ominen as he
ones in pink.
Figu e 34 - Pink ibbon, in e na ional symbol o b eas cance awa eness
As a way o ensu ing ha he con as be ween he h ee colo s would wo k, a Figma plugin
was used. Con as
21
, by Maa k and Alex Ca , is a ool ha allows you o check he con as
a io o selec ed colo s. When e i ying he con as be ween he pink and whi e (Figu e 35),
one can no ice ha pink ex o e whi e backg ound does no wo k, and whi e ex o e a pink
backg ound only wo ks in la ge ex . Bu , when i comes o g aphics, he con as a io wo ks.
When e i ying he con as be ween black and whi e (Figu e 36), i is con i med ha pai ing
hese wo colo s wo ks in e e y way possible. The las con as o check was be ween black
and pink (Figu e 37). The combina ion o bo h colo s wo ks almos in e e y aspec , excep
o pink ex o e black backg ound, when ocusing on no mal ex .
21
h ps://www. igma.com/communi y/plugin/748533339900865323/Con as

69
Figu e 35 - Whi e and pink con as
Figu e 36 - Whi e and black con as
70
Figu e 37 - Pink and black con as
Logo ype
The logo ype is o ex eme impo ance, since i isually p esen s he b and o he use s. I is a
means o g abbing he use s’ a en ion, making a s ong and memo able i s imp ession,
while c ea ing a dis inc ion om he compe i ion.
Fo c ea ing he logo ype o he p oo o concep , i was i s necessa y o choose a name o
he app. A name ha ep esen s he b and, has a powe ul meaning associa ed and is
dis inguishable om he o he b ands (Coope , 2014). Wi h his in mind, he name decided
o he p ojec was Saku a. Saku a is he che y-blossom lowe and has a s ong meaning in
Japanese cul u e. Fo Japanese, Saku a ep esen s a ime o enewal and op imism. Bu i also
eminds he b e i y o li e, ha i can be sho and beau i ul. In he book “The Che y
Blossom Fes i al: Saku a Celeb a ion”, i is explained ha “To he Samu ai, he blooming o
he che y ees signi ied he beau y o a b ie li e well-li ed, i s pe als alling om he ee in
hei p ime” (McClellan, 2005).
A e deciding on he name, i was possible o s a wo king on he logo ype (Figu e 38). The
goal was o ha e a logo ype ha is simple, bu would s and ou . Likewise, i was decided o
use ypog aphy as a way o c ea ing he logo ype. The base o c ea ing he logo ype was he
main chosen on , p e iously iden i ied, Robo o Mono. A e a ew es s ha can be ound in
Annex 7, i was op ed o use Robo o Mono Bold and all capi al le e s, as a way o ensu e he
eadabili y o he logo ype.
71
Figu e 38 - Final Logo ype
A se o ules was c ea ed ega ding he logo ype (Figu e 39). In o al, 100% o bo h he
heigh and wid h co esponds o he space occupied by he logo ype. In e ms o wid h, 74%
is ee space and he emaining 26% o he wid h is occupied by he le e s. The e is a ma gin
o 2% a each end o he logo ype, which allows o ha e a sa e space o b ea habili y when
used wi h o he elemen s. The space be ween each cha ac e co esponds o 14% o he o al
wid h. Fo he heigh , 60% co esponds o he space occupied by he cha ac e and, he le
40% is o black space. This blank space wo ks, again, as a sa e ma gin o when o he
elemen s appea in he in e ace. Bo h op and bo om ma gin ha e 20% o ee space, he
sa e ma gin.
Figu e 39 - Logo ype ules
As seen in he sub- opic ega ding colo , he bes con as is c ea ed wi h black o e whi e.
This combina ion wo ks in e e y pa ame e , om ex o elemen s and, since he backg ound
o he in e ace is in ended o be whi e, i is he bes op ion o he logo ype o be black. This
will assu e ha he con as will ha e an app op ia e a io, ei he wi h whi e o pink
backg ound.
Layou and g id
“A g id sys em is one o he mos powe ul ools a ailable o he isual designe ”, as s a ed
by Alan Coope (2014, p. 415). Ha ing a g id sys em p o ides a uni o m and consis en
s uc u e o he in e ace layou , helping o es ablish he isual hie a chy c ea ed, emphasizing
“ op-le el elemen s and s uc u es” (Coope , 2014, p. 415).
Al hough i is ecommended o a g id o ollow an idealized geome ic ela ionship, he g id
should be lexible enough o deal wi h essen ial a ia ions o he g id, whils main aining he
consis ency since “sligh di e ences can eel uns able o he use s” (Coope , 2014, p. 417).
Ha ing a de ined g id has he ollowing bene i s, acco ding o Coope (2014, p. 417):
- Usabili y, since g ids a emp o egula ize posi ioning o elemen s. This consis ency
suppo s he use s’ “inna e isual-p ocessing mechanisms”;
- Aes he ic appeal, c ea ing a sense o o de ha i is com o able o look a ;
72
- E iciency, by s anda dizing he c ea ed layou s. This allows he design o be modi ied
and ex ended easily.
Ano he impo an aspec o ake in o conside a ion when c ea ing a g id, is o o e a logical
pa h. Fo example, in wes e n socie ies he eyes mo e om op o bo om, le o igh . This
allows use s o ead he layou in an e icien and e ec i e way (Coope , 2014, p. 418).
Fo c ea ing a g id i is necessa y, acco ding o Ma e ial Design, columns, gu e s and
ma gins. Figu e 40 p esen s he cons uc ed g id, wi h he necessa y elemen s. The e a e h ee
columns, equally di ided h ough he layou , whe e he con en was placed. Al hough no
alked abou in Ma e ial Design, ha ing ows is also impo an o cons uc ing a g id layou ,
allowing o a co ec pa i ion o he ho izon al space. In o al, he g id coun s wi h 6 ows.
Be ween each column and ow he e is a gu e , he ee space ha helps sepa a e he con en .
To inish he g id, a ma gin was c ea ed on bo h sides, making su e ha he con en does no
ge oo close o he limi s and ha ing enough b ea hable space o he elemen s.
Figu e 40 - G id
Iconog aphy
As a way o isually communica ing a de e mined unc ion and beha io , icons a e c ucial.
Icons need o be consis en , ha ing he powe o hold he isual s yle oge he . When
eso ing o icons o isually ep esen some hing, he ollowing guidelines should be aken
in o conside a ion (Coope , 2014, p. 419):
79
Figu e 47 - Final low- ideli y p o o ypes o he layou s
This was a pa o he p ocess ha allowed o pu in o p ac ice all he acqui ed knowledge
ob ained du ing he academic yea s, ega ding UI/UX design. The p esen low- ideli y
p o o ypes a e no impe a i e, since some imes he p o o ypes wo k in pape , bu no in
digi al o ma .
Medium- ideli y p o o ype
The medium- ideli y p o o ypes ollowed wha was decided in he i s phase o p o o yping,
and u ned he pape e sions in o a digi al e sion. Fo c ea ing he medium- ideli y
p o o ypes o he use in e ace, he chosen so wa e was Figma
22
. The p o o ypes we e
c ea ed based on he s yle guide, p esen ed in sec ion 5.2, as well as he li e a u e e iew and
No man’s Design P inciples. In he ollowing sec ion, he layou s c ea ed in he medium-
ideli y p o o yping phase will be p esen ed, and he di e en e sions hey wen h ough
un il he inish. The es o he layou s can be ound in he Annex 9.
En ance layou
The en ance layou o he p oo o concep su e ed some al e a ions (Figu e 48) be o e
achie ing he inal layou (Figu e 49). The low- ideli y p o o ypes con empla ed he usage o
an image o he i s layou , as a way o helping o isually unde s and he opic ha i is
connec ed wi h he p oo o concep . Bu , a e seeing how he colo s and he ypog aphy
wo k oge he , we concluded ha he layou was oo c owded and c ea ed some isual
con usion, especially wi h he b igh pink ec angle ha occupied almos all o he sc een. A
simple layou was conside ed and ended up disca ding he image and u ning he pink in a
mo e sub le objec , h ough a blu e ec (Figu e 49).
22
h ps://www. igma.com/ ile/ hUxzhWxkX0G6DddogB35n/p o o ypes?node-
id=0%3A1& =wbTQb1TN4Fh PgYi-1

80
Figu e 48 - Fi s p oposi ions o he en ance layou
Figu e 49 - Final en ance layou
Login layou
Fo he login layou , i was i s ied o ha e a deco a i e elemen on he sc een. In his case
a Saku a lowe (Figu e 50). Bu he illus a ion s yle was no wo king wi h he in ended
81
isual s yle, wi h minimalis and clean lines. So, i was decided o abandon he idea o ha ing
an illus a ion wi h he pu e pu pose o deco a ion, in any o he layou s.
Figu e 50 - Fi s p oposi ions o he login layou
A he end o c ea ing all he layou s o his s age o he wo k p ocess, his layou was
edesigned and added a new subsec ion, he abou sec ion (Figu e 51). I made sense o ha e
he possibili y o lea n mo e abou he p oo o concep be o e ha ing o c ea e an accoun .
Figu e 51 - Final login layou
82
Pe sonaliza ion layou
This was he layou ha ook he mos e o in his phase. In he i s e sions (Figu e 52), all
he in o ma ion ega ding he b a model and he pe sonaliza ion was on he igh side o he
sc een, c ea ing some isual ins abili y.
Figu e 52 - Fi s p oposi ions o he pe sonaliza ion layou
Fu he mo e, he e was he need o add wo mo e unc ionali ies in his sec ion (Figu e 53).
The i s was he possibili y o he use o ake hei own measu es using a senso , he in el
one. Al hough we al eady knew ha his pa o he p ojec was no possible o implemen ,
since his is a p oo o concep , i made only sense o con inue o include he pa o eso ing
o a senso o ake he speci ic measu es o he use . A e adding his unc ionali y, i was
concluded ha i also made sense o he use s o be able o see he p e ious measu es, no
being necessa y o go h ough he whole measu ing p ocess.
83
Figu e 53 - Second p oposi ion o he pe sonaliza ion layou
The inal pe sonaliza ion layou (Figu e 54) p esen s some di e ences. Fi s , he p oblem o
he isual ins abili y was o e come by shi ing some in o ma ion o he le side and
ea anging he placemen o he elemen s. The 3D model o he b a is also con empla ed in
his layou .
Figu e 54 - Final pe sonaliza ion layou
84
Vi ual d essing oom layou
This sc een was a challenge o p o o ype, since i was desi ed o con ey he idea o he use
being in a d essing oom, bu i could no be some hing hype ealis , ha would clash wi h
he s yle chosen o he p oo o concep , wi h simple illus a ions and geome ic lines. The
ini ial p oposals (Figu e 55) ied o mimic a 3D e ec o a simple wall, and e en
expe imen ed wi h some pa e ns o c ea e a mo e dep h e ec . S ill, a e he di e en
op ions, he layou s we e no p oducing he desi ed e ec s.

85
Figu e 55 - Fi s p oposi ions o he pe sonaliza ion layou
We hen ied a new app oach o he inal sc een, ying o inco po a e he illus a ion s yle
once again (Figu e 56). Reso ing o che y blossoms, we designed a simple illus a ion o use
as backg ound and abandoned he idea o ha ing some hing simila o a d essing oom as
backg ound. Wi h his illus a ion, he isual ha mony we we e ying o ob ain was achie ed
be ween all elemen s.
Figu e 56 - Final i ual d essing oom layou
86
High- ideli y p o o ype
The las se o p o o ypes o be c ea ed we e he high- ideli y
23
ones, which we e c ea ed
using Uni y as he de elopmen ool. These high- ideli y p o o ypes ep esen wi h g ea
de ail how he inal p oduc could be, when implemen ed. The e was a need o s udy some
aspec s ega ding Uni y, in pa icula he used language C#, eso ing o online lib a ies and
o ums, such as S ack O e Flow
24
and he Uni y Fo um
25
.
I was in his s age ha he 3D a a a was c ea ed, using he in3d
26
app. This is a ai ly simple
app o use, only needing o ollow he ins uc ions on he sc een. Th ough a se ies o
pho og aphs o he use , making a 360º u n, he app is able o c ea e a eliable 3D model o
he body, e en wi h he ex u es o he clo hes he use is wea ing (Figu e 57).
Figu e 57 - 3D a a a c ea ed wi h in3d
A e c ea ing he 3D model, using in3d
27
, and seeing how he model wi h he ex u es
unc ioned wi h he backg ound chosen o he sc een, i was e iden ha i did no wo k
isually. As a way o o e coming his, i was decided o use he pink, p esen in he s yle
guide, as ex u e o he 3D model (Figu e 58).
23
h ps://you u.be/ly9-Kh lTaU
24
h ps://s acko e low.com/
25
h ps:// o um.uni y.com/
26
h ps://in3d.io/
27
h ps://in3d.io/
87
Figu e 58 - Final 3D a a a
Wi h all he elemen s c ea ed, i was possible o mo e o he de elopmen o he high- ideli y
p o o ypes, using Uni y. As s a ed p e iously, he use in e ace layou s a e he same as he
ones c ea ed in he medium- ideli y p o o ypes. The p esen ed use in e ace layou s ha e he
same measu emen s as he able used o his p ojec (1600 px x 2560 px). I was chosen o
use a able as a mids o p esen ing he p ojec o he use because i suppo s he app in3d,
used o c ea e he 3D a a a s; i is some hing ha i is po able, being easy o anspo ; and
o e s a good sc een size o display he necessa y in o ma ion, helping wi h eadabili y.
None heless, some di icul ies we e encoun e ed in his pa o he p ojec . Al hough he
majo i y o he unc ionali ies we e p o o yped, he e we e a ew ha ended up no being
comple ed. In he i ual d essing oom (Figu e 59), i was no possible o ha e bo h he
desi ed backg ound, con empla ed in he medium- ideli y p o o ypes, and he 3D elemen s
(a a a and b a). I was hen decided o keep he backg ound whi e (Figu e 59)like in he es
o he p oo o concep , as a way o keeping he 3D elemen s c ea ed.
Figu e 59 - Final d essing oom sc een
88
Fo zooming in he 3D objec s and ha ing he possibili y o o a e he same objec s in 360º,
he e was a need o ha e a C# sc ip ha could con ol hese mo emen s. Al hough some
a emp s we e made, and ha ing ho oughly esea ched possible solu ions, he esul s
ob ained we e no he desi ed ones. Since he p o o ype did no o e he possibili y o ake a
pho o o he 3D a a a wi h he chosen b a (Figu e 59), i was no possible o conclude he
galle y sc een (Figu e 60). Al hough he p e iously desc ibed unc ionali ies we e no
implemen ed comple ely in he high- ideli y p o o ypes, hey we e s ill conside ed. Fu he
discussion was ca ied ou in chap e 7, dwelling on he s eng hs and ca ea s o he p ojec ,
as well as u u e wo k.
Figu e 60 - Final galle y sc een
The o he unc ionali y ha does no p esen i s comple e inal o m is he di ec connec ion
be ween he p oo o concep and in3d. In3d is he app ha allows use s o c ea e a 3D a a a ,
accu a e o hei bodies. Ideally, he link be ween he p oo o concep and in3d would be
smoo h, wi hou ha ing he need o exi he p oo o concep , go o in3d and hen back o he
p oo o concep . Many a emp s we e made in o de o o e come his obs acle, bu wi hou
success. The u h is, i is s ill possible o c ea e he 3D a a a and hen impo i o he p oo
o concep , so he goal o his unc ionali y is s ill being ul illed, al hough no in i s mos
op imized way. None heless, he unc ionali ies con inue o be con empla ed in he layou s.
Also, hese unc ionali ies a e conside ed ex as in he p oo o concep , meaning ha he
p ojec con inues o achie e he main goal ha was in ended om he beginning - he
pe sonaliza ion o a b a o women who ha e unde gone mas ec omy. In he ollowing
sec ion, he conduc ed usabili y es s a e p esen ed, as well as he esul s.
95
because some o he pa icipan s had di icul ies unde s anding ha o en e ing he app hey
needed o click on a bu on ins ead o swapping on he sc een, as hey we e used o. This is
also con i med by he a e age numbe o e o s each g oup p esen s in ask one (Figu e 67).
None heless, all pa icipan s we e able o independen ly conclude he ask. Once again, ask
ou was he one ha p esen ed a highe a e age numbe o aps, in bo h g oups, due o he
complex na u e associa ed wi h he ask.
Figu e 66 - A e age numbe o ouches o comple e a ask
Figu e 67 - A e age numbe o e o s
The usabili y es also con empla ed a se o ques ions ha he pa icipan s we e asked o
espond o. Mainly, hese ques ions we e abou he p o o ypes and wha he pa icipan s
hough abou he same, in which pa icipan s we e in i ed o sha e hei imp essions and
p opose imp o emen s. Bo h g oups o pa icipan s sha ed ha hey hink ha he concep
p esen ed h ough his p ojec is an in e es ing one, con i ming he di icul ies behind inding
b a op ions ha a e elegan and unc ional o pos mas ec omy. The pa icipan s also sha ed
he eeling hey had owa ds he p o o ypes and he design o he same, being some hing
“sub le and disc ee . The in o ma ion is objec i e and goes s aigh o he poin ”. Pa icipan s
also sha ed ha he app low is e y na u al and easy o na iga e ac oss sc eens.
These ques ions we e also a good way o unde s and he possible downsides he pa icipan s
no ed owa ds he p o o ypes. One o he women sha ed ha , in he beginning o he usabili y
es s, she ound he way o go back be ween sc eens o he p o o ypes was a bi con using, bu
soon a e she was able o unde s and how i wo ked. Ano he pa icipan highligh ed ha he
backg ound o he i ual d essing oom did no wo k well when compa ed wi h he
emaining design o he layou s.

96
Rega ding he p esen ed 3D model o he b a, i was asked di ec ly o he pa icipan s o sha e
hei hough s abou he model. The esul s we e ha all he pa icipan s sha ed he opinion
ha i was an elegan and p ac ical op ion. None heless, hey wished hey had some mo e
op ions o choose om. So, his is some hing ha should be aken in o conside a ion in u u e
wo k o be de eloped and p esen ed in he nex chap e .
To end he usabili y es s, he pa icipan s we e asked o ill a sys em usabili y scale (SUS)
ques ionnai e and a ne p omo e sco e (NPS) ques ion, as well. The sys em usabili y scale
allowed us o unde s and how he pe sonal expe ience o he use s was owa ds he p oo o
concep , being asked o classi y a se o en ques ions om 1 o 5, being 1 “ o ally disag ee”
and 5 “ o ally ag ee”. Fo analyzing he Sys em Usabili y Scale, i is sugges ed o eso o he
ollowing in e p e a ion (Tullis & Albe , 2013, p. 139):
- <50%: no accep able;
- 50-70%: ma ginal;
- >70% accep able.
To answe he ne p omo e sco e, he pa icipan is asked o answe , on a scale o 0 o 10,
whe he he/she would ecommend he pla o m o ano he pe son. Fo in e p e ing he esul s,
we also eso ed o one in e p e a ion p esen ed by Tullis & Albe (2013, p. 146):
- De ac o s: a ings om 0 o 6;
- Passi es: a ings o 7 o 8;
- P omo e s: a ings o 9 o 10.
The esul s o he SUS and he NPS we e o ganized on a able (Table 6). The analysis o he
esul s, show he answe s we e ans e sal o all he pa icipan s, gi ing all he 8 women he
same answe s. In e ms o sys em usabili y sco e, i is always 100%, which means ha ,
acco ding o he in e p e a ion o Tullis & Albe p e iously p esen ed (2013, p. 143) he
p oo o concep is accep able. Fo he ne p omo e sco e, he esul s we e 10 all ac oss he
esponses, meaning ha he pa icipan s a e all p omo e s o he p oo o concep .
Table 6 - Table c ea ed o o ganizing he SUS and NPS esul s
O e all, i is possible o conclude ha all eigh pa icipan s ca ied ou usabili y es s wi h no
majo e o s ha could comp omise he designed p o o ypes, and enjoyed he p oposed
p ojec , as one can see by he esul s o he sys em usabili y scale and he ne p omo e sco e.
97
In he nex sec ion o he documen , he implica ions o he usabili y e alua ion esul s
owa ds he design a e p esen ed and discussed.
6.5.
Implica ions o design
A e analyzing he ca ied usabili y es s, i is possible o conclude ha all se en asks we e
success ully ca ied ou , wi hou any majo e o s ha would no allow he pa icipan o
conclude he ask. Al hough some asks p esen ed some e o s, he e o s did no p e en
use s om comple ing hem. Wi h hese esul s, p e iously p esen ed and analyzed, i was
possible o conclude ha he e was no any ask ha needed any majo design al e a ions
since all pa icipan s we e success ul in comple ing he asks.
As p esen ed in he wo k plan, i was planned o ca y one mo e se o usabili y es s a e he
high- ideli y p o o ypes, in Uni y, we e comple ed. Bu , a e he i s ound o usabili y es s
in he medium- ideli y s age, i was decided no o ca y ou ano he ound o es s. This
decision was made based on he success o he i s ca ied es s and he posi i e eedback o
he pa icipan s owa ds he de eloped wo k.
6.6.
Chap e summa y
In his chap e i was possible o pu in o p ac ice all he p e ious knowledge and he c ea ed
elemen s. I was in he phase ha he p oo o concep s a ed o gain shape and ha ideas
ans o med in o a angible a i ac .
The use in e ace design, h ough he di e en p o o ype phases, and he subsequen
e alua ion was c ucial o unde s and he quali y o he p oo o concep , as some imes, wha
is i s ly idealized does no wo k in he ollowing phases.
A e he medium- ideli y p o o ypes we e inished, he usabili y es s we e conduc ed and i
was possible o assess whe he he p o o ypes we e mee ing he use s needs and desi es. The
ou come o hese es s was ex emely posi i e, since no conside able e o s we e pe o med
by he use s, wi h all use s being able o comple e all asks. The eedback om pa icipan s
was also e y posi i e, wi h no majo sugges ion changes. Likewise, i was decided ha i
was no necessa y o conduc ano he se o es s o he high- ideli y p o o ypes. This made
he de elopmen p ocess mo e agile and con i med he use in e ace was well hough ou
and de eloped.
None heless, he e a e s ill some unc ionali ies ha we e planned o in he medium- ideli y
p o o ypes bu ha e no been implemen ed in he Uni y p o o ypes. These unc ionali ies do
no comp omise he main goal o he p oo o concep , bu could be a good imp o emen o
he same. The nex chap e will p esen a ecap o he wo k and highligh he u u e wo k
98
7.
Conclusions and inal ema ks
This chap e is he culmina ion o his disse a ion and he wo k de eloped h oughou his
pas yea and hal . Re lec ions on he accomplishmen s and he ca ea s a e p esen ed and
discussed he e. This chap e also highligh s he u u e wo k o his p ojec .
7.1.
Wo k de eloped
This disse a ion las ed eigh een mon hs, mo e o less. The goal o he p ojec was o c ea e a
p oo o concep o an app ha allowed women who ha e unde gone mas ec omy o y,
i ually and a home, a 3D model o a b a. A b a ha was bo h elegan and unc ional. The
p ojec was in ended o ill in he exis ing gap in he ma ke o elegan b as o pos
mas ec omy, bu also as a way o empowe ing women. The accomplishmen o his goal was
possible h ough a use -cen e ed design and pa icipa o y design app oach ha included:
in e iews, pe sonas, pho o elici a ion, p o o yping and e alua ion. These mul iple s ages o
de elopmen allowed he necessa y imp o emen s ha could ake place in each s age, o
example he design o he b a model ha con empla ed he desi es and needs o he
pa icipan s, and he di e en phases he use in e aces p o o ypes aced.
Wo king side by side wi h he end-use s was c ucial, being his g oup o pa icipan s o med
by ou women who ha e unde gone mas ec omy and h ee heal h ca e p o essionals.
Wo king wi h hem allowed us o con i m ideas o med du ing he li e a u e e iew and o
co obo a e he assump ions behind he p oposed p ojec : ha he b a op ions o women who
ha e unde gone mas ec omy a e no he mos elegan no he mos beau i ul. Fu he mo e, he
pa icipa ion o he end-use s p o ided a deep insigh o he needs and desi es women ha e
owa ds b as o pos -mas ec omy, making he design p ocess o he b a model easie and
pu pose ul. So, we can conclude ha he pa icipa ion o his g oup was o g ea alue,
ensu ing a me hodological obus ness o he p ocess.
The use in e ace p o o ypes we e c ea ed wi hou he inpu o he pa icipan s. This ook a
g ea e e o om ou pa , since i was necessa y o combine a ious knowledge
app ehended du ing hese las eigh een mon hs, wi h he co ec in o ma ion o suppo his
c ea ion, as well as he knowledge gained h oughou he pas academic yea s. This phase o
he p ojec was ma e ialized in a s yle guide, comp ehending he ypog aphy, colo , logo ype,
icons, g id and layou . The p ojec ook conce n in ollowing good design p ac ices and
p inciples, wi h clea in e ac ions, simple design and an o ganized sc een. P ac ices ha a e
conside ed o be ollowed and p esen ed in he p oo o concep .
We ealized ha he p ojec was ambi ious o one pe son, in he beginning o he
de elopmen phase and, consequen ly, mul iple adap a ions and changes needed o be made.
None heless, he main goals o his disse a ion we e accomplished. In he ollowing sec ion,
he s eng hs and ca ea s o he p ojec a e p esen ed and discussed.
99
7.2.
S eng hs and ca ea s
Du ing his pas yea and hal whe e he disse a ion ook place, he e we e some hings ha
did no go as ini ially planned. The e was he need o adap and ace he challenges ha came
ac oss, which made he de elopmen p ocess mo e in e es ing. The i s in e es ing challenge
ha was aced was ega ding b eas cance and he mas ec omy p ocess. Be o e s a ing o
de elop any ideas, i was c ucial o lea n abou b eas cance , he mas ec omy p ocedu e and
he eco e y p ocess. Being a comple ely di e en ield o knowledge, he au ho had o
conduc a ho ough esea ch, lea ning abou he physical and psychological impac s he
mas ec omy p oduces on women. To comple e his unde s anding, i was also decided o
wo k side by side wi h women who ha e unde gone mas ec omy, which was challenging on a
pe sonal le el. B eas cance is a delica e subjec and some pe sonal es imonies can be e y
in ense and ha d o lis en o. None heless, i is conside ed ha his was an essen ial pa o he
p ojec and o e ed a deepe knowledge ega ding his subjec , wi h a good base o suppo
he de elopmen phase.
The o he challenge ha was aced was connec ed wi h he echnological de elopmen o he
p ojec . This was a pa ame e o he disse a ion ha was known o be mo e complex and
challenging o he s uden , since new echnologies needed o be explo ed and o he s had o
be emembe ed. The i s challenge aced was ega ding he in el senso in ended o be used.
The senso was an equipmen ha we we e un amilia wi h, so he explo a ion o he
unc ionali ies was based on online knowledge, h ough online o ums and documen a ion, as
well as h ough sel augh expe imen a ion. A e se e al es s and expe imen a ions, i was
unde s ood ha his would no p oduce he desi ed e ec . While he goal was o use he
senso as a way o measu ing be ween an x an y axis, he senso could only measu e he
dep h, so he z axis. Fo measu ing be ween he x and y axis, i was necessa y o de elop an
equa ion ha , when unned h ough he code, would be able o measu e he desi ed poin s.
A e se e al a emp s, i was decided o abandon he use o his senso and he possibili y o
he use s o i ually e ie e hei bus measu es. Howe e , his unc ionali y was s ill
p o o yped, as a way o showing he use s how i would wo k. All in all, his s ill a ends o
he equi emen s o a p oo o concep .
The high- ideli y p o o ypes, c ea ed in uni y, p esen some ca ea s. As s a ed in he sec ion
6.2.3 - High ideli y p o o ype, he e we e a ew unc ionali ies ha we e no comple ed in
his phase. The i ual d essing oom sc een has incomple e unc ionali ies: zooming in he
3D elemen s; o a ing and ha ing a 360º o e iew; aking a pho o. Va ious a emp s we e
made o comple e he implemen a ion o hese unc ionali ies, bu his was e ealed no o be
possible. None heless, since hese unc ionali ies do no limi he usage o he p o o ype and
do no comp omise he main goal o he p oo o concep , hese unc ionali ies a e conside ed
seconda y in he o e iew o he de elopmen o he p ojec . Fu he mo e, he de elopmen
o hese aspec s can en e in he lis o u u e wo k o be ca ied ou . Being his disse a ion
ma e ialized in a p oo o concep , he e is always oom o u u e wo k and imp o emen s.
100
O he poin s ha also en y on he lis o possible wo k o be done, in he u u e, a e:
- Connec ing he p oo o concep wi h he in3d app, being he use s able o scan hei
bodies and c ea e a 3D a a a easily;
- Ha ing he galle y unc ion wo king, wi h pho os aken in he i ual d essing oom;
- Imp o ing he backg ound o he i ual d essing oom;
- C ea ing mo e 3D b a models, which b oadens he ange o op ions o he use s.
Some hing ha was sha ed, by he pa icipan s o he pa icipa o y design ac i i ies, was
he need o ha e a b a whe e he s aps could ha e a ious posi ions, o example
c ossing in he back.
S ill, i is impo an o no ice ha he goals o his disse a ion a e conside ed o be
comple e. Fi s , we success ully c ea ed a p oo o concep ha allows women who ha e
unde gone mas ec omy o i ually y, a home and h ough a 3D a a a , a b a ha was
designed based on hei desi es and needs. This shows ha he concep o adap i e ashion
was aken in o conside a ion when designing he b a model, since i is some hing ha he
women ind p ac ical bu also elegan , wi h a ashionable sense o i . Linking o his, he e
was also he concep o enclo hed cogni ion ha was in oduced in he li e a u e e iew and
s a e o he a . Du ing he a ious ac i i ies ha ook place du ing he de elopmen o his
p ojec , he women pa icipan s sha ed hei hough s and opinions ega ding his concep
and whe he ashion and unde ga men op ions in luenced hei psychological s a e. When
we con i med his o be ue, we we e ce ain ha i was i al o ha e an unde ga men
model ha e lec ed he delicacy women look o when choosing a b a. To wo k side by side
wi h end use s, eso ing o a pa icipa o y and use -cen e ed p ocess, engaging hem in
mul iple s ages o de elopmen was also a e y en iching expe ience. The inal aspec ha
we wish o highligh is he posi i e eac ion o he use in e ace design c ea ed. We
expec ed ha adjus men s and a second ound o usabili y es s would be necessa y, howe e
because he i s se o usabili y es s we e a success, he e was no need o conduc any mo e
es s no o implemen signi ican changes in he use in e ace. Finally, looking back a he
apps analyzed in he beginning o his wo k, we can say ha he p oposed p oo o concep
p esen s some dis inc unc ionali ies ha a e no a ailable in he analyzed ashion apps,
such as he possibili y o e ie e onesel measu emen s o choose he bes i ing size.
7.3.
Final ema ks
Pe sonally, i was a g ea challenge o wo k on his disse a ion. Bu i was also wi h g ea
en husiasm ha I p oposed his opic and de eloped his p ojec . Fi s ly, i was ex emely
ewa ding o wo k side by side wi h a g oup o women who so kindly ga e hei es imonies,
helping me o unde s and a eali y ha is no my own. This disse a ion also allowed me o
apply a solid me hodology in a mo e p ac ical con ex . I allowed me o wo k on an a ea
whe e my in e es s uly eside - design - and ano he ha awoke an in e es and made me
esea ch and lea n mo e - heal h. When p oposing his opic, one o my pe sonal goals was o
c ea e a p ojec ha could p oduce a posi i e impac in socie y, dwelling on a niche o
popula ion ha is o en o go en. And i is wi h con idence ha I say ha his goal was
achie ed. This esea ch en iched my expe ience and knowledge on a ious le els, making me

101
pe o m di e en asks and oles as a way o comple ing his disse a ion. Summa ily, i is
possible o s a e ha his disse a ion augh me a lo , aligned wi h a co ec and s uc u ed
p ocess. I also en iched my pe sonal and p o essional expe ience.
102
8.
Re e ences
Abou us – unspun. (2017). Re ie ed 15 No embe 2021, om
h ps://unspun.io/pages/abou us
Adam, H., & Galinsky, A. D. (2012). Enclo hed cogni ion. Jou nal o Expe imen al Social
Psychology, 48(4), 918–925. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jesp.2012.02.008
Bea d, C. (2011). Con empo a y Clo hing Issues o Women Who A e Pos -Mas ec omy.
Ben Shneide man. (1984). h ps://www.cs.umd.edu/use s/ben/golden ules.h ml
B eas Cance T ea men (Adul ) (PDQ®)–Pa ien Ve sion—Na ional Cance Ins i u e
(nciglobal,ncien e p ise). (2021, Oc obe 8). [PdqCance In oSumma y]. Re ie ed 19
Decembe 2021, om h ps://www.cance .go / ypes/b eas /pa ien /b eas - ea men -
pdq
B emne , J. (2021, May 17). Can Adap i e Fashion B eak Down Ba ie s and Ableis Views
in he Indus y? Vogue A abia. Re ie ed 17 Oc obe 2021, om
h ps://en. ogue.me/ ashion/adap i e- ashion-b ands/
Bu gha d , C. (2017). How o design ashion applica ions [In o:eu-
epo/seman ics/bachelo Thesis]. Uni e si y o Twen e. h p://essay.u wen e.nl/73535/
Cheng, T., Causa ano, N., Pla , J., Jones, J. M., Ho e , S. O. P., O’Neill, A. C., & Zhong, T.
(2018). Res o ing wholeness: Women’s embodied expe iences in conside ing pos -
mas ec omy delayed b eas econs uc ion. Cogen Social Sciences, 4(1), 1479478.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/23311886.2018.1479478
Co—Design Guide. (n.d.). Re ie ed 7 No embe 2021, om
h ps://www.pwdwa.o g/documen s/connec _wi h_me/co-design-
guide/ iles/co%20design%20guide.pd
Coope , A. (2014). Abou Face—The Essen ials o In e ac ion Design (4 h ed.).
103
Expe ience, W. L. in R.-B. U. (1994). 10 Usabili y Heu is ics o Use In e ace Design.
Nielsen No man G oup. h ps://www.nng oup.com/a icles/ en-usabili y-heu is ics/
Fea he , B. L., Kaise , S. B., & Rucke , M. (1988). Mas ec omy and Rela ed T ea men s:
Impac o Appea ance Sa is ac ion on Sel -Es eem. Home Economics Resea ch
Jou nal, 17(2), 127–139. h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/1077727X8801700201
F ances SB - Amoena b a. (2022). Amoena Po ugal. Re ie ed 14 No embe 2021, om
h ps://www.amoenapo ugal.p /p oduc s/copia-de-ba ba a-wb
Gao, S. (2016). Appa el Design P ocess: Shi ing he Basic Pa e n Block in o a New
F amewo k o Fi he Demands o Pos Double Mas ec omy Women. 85.
Gao, S., Apple, L., Hube , S., & Smi h, K. (2017). Shi ing he Basic Pa e n Block in o a
New F amewo k o Fi he Demands o Pos Double Mas ec omy Women: Pa 2. 2.
Gup a, S., Konca , V., & B uniaux, P. (2006). Adap i e model o he human body. A new
ool o ashion designe s.
Halepe e, J., Li ell, M., & Pa k, J. (2009). Pe sonaliza ion o Fai T ade Appa el: Consume
A i udes and In en ions. Clo hing and Tex iles Resea ch Jou nal, 27(2), 143–160.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1177/0887302X08326284
Hil ige , T. (2021). Tommy Hil ige – Sp ing 2021 Tommy Adap i e. Tommy Hil ige –
Sp ing 2021 Tommy Adap i e. Re ie ed 20 No embe 2021, om
h ps://p esski . ommy.com/Adap i e/
In3d app. (2021). in3D. Re ie ed 15 No embe 2021, om
h ps://in3d.io/p oduc /
Indiano, C. (2019). Adap i e Fashion: A Design Me hodology o People wi h Disabili ies -
P oQues .
h ps://www.p oques .com/open iew/7c3b3a8e2 1c2e6d2be0672c2 2 456e/1?pq-
o igsi e=gschola &cbl=18750&diss=y
104
Jones, L., Isagholi, M., Meiklejohn, E., Xu, S., T uskolawski, K., Hayon, J., Jun, G., Gu enc,
P., & Mallon-Michalo e, C. (2020). Hack-Abili y: Using Co-Design o De elop an
Accessible Toolki o Adding Pocke s o Ga men s. P oceedings o he 16 h
Pa icipa o y Design Con e ence 2020 - Pa icipa ion(s) O he wise - Volume 2, 95–
99. h ps://doi.o g/10.1145/3384772.3385124
Kahioe Pocke B a wi h Lighe Silicone B eas Fake F oms Mas ec omy B a Cance Fill
A i icial Boobs a Amazon Women’s Clo hing s o e. (2018). Re ie ed 10 Oc obe
2022, om h ps://www.amazon.com/KAHIOE-Pocke -Silicone-Mas ec omy-
A i icial/dp/B07HVHSRZJ? h=1
Koçan, S., & Gü soy, A. (2016). Body Image o Women wi h B eas Cance A e
Mas ec omy: A Quali a i e Resea ch. The Jou nal o B eas Heal h, 12(4), 145–150.
h ps://doi.o g/10.5152/ jbh.2016.2913
Kunia sky, M., Goodman, E., & Moed, A. (2012). Obse ing he Use Expe ience—A
P ac i ione ’s Guide o Use Resea ch (Second Edi ion).
Li, C., Xu, Y., Xiao, Y., Liu, H., Feng, M., & Zhang, D. (2017). Au oma ic Measu emen o
Ga men Sizes Using Image Recogni ion. P oceedings o he In e na ional Con e ence
on G aphics and Signal P ocessing, 30–34. h ps://doi.o g/10.1145/3121360.3121382
Lidwell, W., Holden, K., & Bu le , J. (2003). Uni e sal p inciples o design. Rockpo .
Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o, L. P. C. o. (n.d.). Canc o da Mama: Liga Po uguesa
Con a o Canc o. Canc o da Mama : Liga Po uguesa Con a o Canc o. Re ie ed 11
No embe 2021, om h p://www.ligacon acanc o.p /canc o-da-mama/
Linge ie Collec ion. (n.d.). Re ie ed 19 Feb ua y 2022, om
h ps://megami.uk/linge ie
McClellan, A. (2005). The Che y Blossom Fes i al: Saku a Celeb a ion. Bunke Hill
Publishing, Inc.
111

112
113
114
Figu e 68 - Documen submi ed o e hical app o al
115
Annex 2 - Ini ial wo k plan
Figu e 69 - Fi s Gan cha o he i s semes e
Figu e 70 - Fi s Gan cha o he second semes e
116
Annex 3 - Ini ial s o yboa ds
Figu e 71 - Fi s c ea ed s o yboa ds

117
Annex 4 - In e iews ansc ip s
//sc ip en e is a
//in odução
Bom dia.
An es de mais, que o ag adece po e mos ado in e esse e disponibilidade pa a
pa icipa nes e es udo que es ou a desen ol e .
Tendo em con a o ca ác e olun á io des a en e is a, se em algum momen o não se
sen i con o á el pa a esponde a uma ques ão ou sen i que que pa a a en e is a,
es á à on ade e no seu di ei o. Nesse caso, diga-me e pa amos imedia amen e. Como é
e e ido no documen o de consen imen o in o mado, é o almen e li e de ecusa , em
qualque pon o, con ibui pa a es e es udo. O consen imen o pode se e i ado em
qualque momen o, sem qualque consequência, bas ando apenas in o ma -me.
//ap esen ação
A p esen e en e is a em como objec i o pe cebe a sua expe iência pessoal no que oca
ao p ocedimen o de uma mas ec omia, e o impac o que esse p ocedimen o p o oca na
ida de cada uma das mulhe es. Mais especi icamen e, que emos pe cebe como é o
p ocesso de encon a e comp a um sou ien após uma mas ec omia.
Es a en e is a es á inse ida num conjun o de a i idades que i ão con ibui pa a o
desen ol imen o do abalho da minha disse ação.
O objec i o da disse ação passa pelo desen ol imen o de uma p o a de concei o de uma
aplicação pensada pa a mulhe es que o am subme idas a mas ec omias. A a és des a
aplicação, ai se possí el expe imen a i ualmen e, e em casa, um sou ien que é
adap ado comple amen e às necessidades especí icas de cada mulhe . Vai se ainda
possí el pe sonaliza , e cus omiza , es e sou ien, al e ando medidas (consoan e as
medidas de cada mulhe ), copas, co es, ex u as, e c. O que se p e ende com es e
abalho é ap esen a uma opção boni a e elegan e de sou iens, não deixando de pa e o
aspec o uncional que o sou ien p ecisa de e .
Assim, p e endo abalha lado a lado com quem ai usu ui des e se iço, ou seja, as
mulhe es que o am subme idas a mas ec omias, nes e caso, consigo. Is o ai pe mi i
que eu adqui a um maio conhecimen o sob e as necessidades especí icas de cada
mulhe , pe cebendo os desejos e expec a i as de cada uma em elação a es a emá ica.
Es a en e is a ai e uma du ação de ap oximadamen e meia ho a.
118
//começa a conhece
Es a en e is a, apesa de se g a ada, ai se man ida no anonima o. Sendo assim, não
ão se e elados quaisque nomes. Foi c iado um código iden i ica i o pa a cada um dos
pa icipan es. O seu é o E1
Pa a começa , que ia sabe alguns dados sociodemog á icos, ais como:
- Idade;
- quando oi diagnos icada
//mas ec omia
a. An es de se subme ida à mas ec omia, que ou os a amen os o am usados pa a
comba e o canc o da mama?
b. Depois de se subme ida à mas ec omia, quais o am os maio es ajus es que e e de
aze , em pa icula no que diz espei o às suas escolhas de es uá io e es ilo de ida?
(exemplo: es ilo de ida que le a a, peças de oupa, e c)
c. Qualque ans o mação no co po em implicações, não só a ní el ísico como ambém
a ní el psicológico.
Men almen e, quais o am as maio es implicações que a mas ec omia p o ocou?
Como é que a mas ec omia a a e ou?
d. Es a ques ão pode se mui o pessoal e, se não se sen i con o á el pa a esponde ,
po a o diga-me. Po que é que decidiu não aze uma econs ução do pei o?
// oupa e expe iência de comp a
Tendo em con a que o meu abalho es á mui o in e ligado com moda, oupa e a é com a
p óp ia expe iência de comp a oupa, no pós mas ec omia, é pa a mim impo an e
pe cebe quais as necessidades e desejos de cada mulhe . Só assim me se á possí el
desen ol e um abalho que enha em conside ação as necessidades e expec a i as de
pessoas como a __NOME__.
1. Como é que a mas ec omia a e ou a sua escolha de peças de oupa?
2. Quando em de comp a um sou ien ago a, que a ibu os é que, pa a si, são
undamen ais que es e enha? Só uncionais (sem a os, enchimen o, em em
conside ação o ecido, e c) ou ambém p ocu a peças que sejam boni as e elegan es
(aspec o es é ico)?
3. No que oca às opções que exis em no me cado de sou iens pa a mulhe es que o am
subme idas a mas ec omias, qual é a sua opinião? Acha que exis em opções boni as,
elegan es, que encaixam no seu es ilo, acessí eis, e c?
4. An es da mas ec omia, como e a a sua expe iência de comp a oupa (peças de oupa
no ge al, não só oupa in e io )? (P e e ia comp a online ou em loja; se não inha
p oblema de pedi ajuda aos colabo ado es da loja, e c)
119
5. Quando p ecis a de comp a um sou ien, qual a si uação que a deixa mais
con o á el? Em loja ou online? (Online não p ecisa de in e agi com colabo ado es, não
p ecisa de explica a si uação, e c)
//like scale
Nes a pa e da en e is a, ou pedi que a alie as ques ões que ão se ei as. Pa a a alia
ai eco e à escala de: “conco do comple amen e” a “disco do comple amen e”
1. Peças de oupa que assen em bem no co po, e que sejam opções boni as, êm um
impac o posi i o na au o-es ima.
2. As opções de sou iens pa a mulhe es que o am subme idas a mas ec omias não são as
mais elegan es e boni as
3. As opções exis en es de sou iens pa a mulhe es que o am subme idas a mas ec omias
azem-me e saudades de opções que u iliza a an es da ope ação
4. A exis ência de uma aplicação que me pe mi a escolhe , expe imen a , pe sonaliza e
comp a sou iens online é uma mais alia.
//w ap up
No que oca a pe gun as, é udo da minha pa e. Não sei se em alguma coisa que quei a
ac escen a , ou alguma dú ida que enha.
Mais uma ez, ob igada po pa icipa nes a en e is a e nes e abalho.
//enclo hed cogni ion
Como já e e i, a pa e de pe gun as já e minou e ago a que ia ab i um bocadinho o
espaço pa a con e sa um pouco, e pa ilha ideias, sob e um e mo u ilizado na
psicologia da moda.
Mui o esumidamen e, enclo hed cogni ion é um e mo u ilizado pa a desc e e a
in luência que uma peça de oupa pode e no es ado men al, e nos compo amen os, de
quem a es á a usa .
Uma peça de oupa em, ag egado, po um lado, o signi icado simbólico que cada peça de
oupa aca e a (po exemplo: casaco de cabedal aca e a um signi icado de ebeldia), e
po ou o, a expe iência ísica de a u iliza (exemplo: usa oupas con o á eis acaba po
es a in e ligado com empo de elaxa ). E são es es dois a o es que, em conjun o, são
esponsá eis pelos e ei os psicológicos p o ocados, pela peça de oupa, em quem a usa.
Assim, es a expe iência de u iliza uma peça de oupa, acaba po despole a concei os
abs ac os dis in os em cada um de nós. Po exemplo, u iliza uma de e minada peça de
oupa in e io pode e o pode pa a in luencia e aumen a a con iança e au o-es ima de
cada um.
Ab o ago a o espaço pa a uma con e sa sob e o ema, uma pa ilha de ideias.
120
A _NOME_ acha que es e e mo, enclo hed cogni ion, ep esen a bem a ealidade?
//possí eis ópicos pa a a con e sa
- Acha que a oupa em a capacidade de al e a o es ado men al de quem a es á a usa ?
- Aumen a ou diminui a con iança de cada um?
- Usa a oupa como o ma de exp essão, ou como o ma de aumen a a sua au o-
es ima?
127

128
129
130
Figu e 75 - Pa icipan s’ a ini y diag am
32
32
Link o a ini y diag ams
131
Annex 6 - P esen a ion used in he pho o
elici a ion ac i i y
132

133
134
135
136