Sus ainable building: Ci cula economy as a key
ac o o cos educ ion
Ma in Ma ek1
*
, and Zdenek K ejza1
1FCE BUT Facul y o Ci il, Ve eří 331/95 602 00 B no, Czech Republic
Abs ac . This a icle explo es he ole o he ci cula economy in
achie ing sus ainabili y in he cons uc ion indus y, wi h a ocus on cos
educ ion. Sus ainable building p ac ices a e i al o add essing
en i onmen al conce ns, and he ci cula economy o e s ans o ma i e
solu ions. By emphasizing euse, ecycling, and esponsible esou ce
managemen , he ci cula economy eshapes adi ional cons uc ion
app oaches. The pape examines how adop ing ci cula economy p inciples
can signi ican ly educe cos s h oughou a building's li e cycle. I
discusses case s udies and success ul implemen a ions, showcasing
inno a i e s a egies o minimize was e and op imize esou ce use. Topics
include in eg a ing ci cula economy p ac ices in design and cons uc ion,
he economic bene i s o ma e ial euse and ecycling, and he long- e m
inancial ad an ages o sus ainable building. The a icle highligh s he
impo ance o s akeholde collabo a ion, policy amewo ks, and
echnological inno a ions in d i ing ci cula economy adop ion. By
demons a ing he economic bene i s o sus ainable building h ough he
ci cula economy, his a icle aims o p omo e en i onmen ally conscious
cons uc ion p ac ices and inspi e s akeholde s o emb ace cos -e ec i e
and sus ainable solu ions o a g eene u u e.
1 In oduc ion
In he ques o sus ainable de elopmen , cons uc ion s ands as a key playe . As an
indus y esponsible o signi ican esou ce consump ion and was e gene a ion, i aces
inc easing p essu e o adop mo e en i onmen ally iendly p ac ices. Among hese is he
ci cula economy, which o e s no only en i onmen al bene i s bu also signi ican cos
educ ions. [1].
The concep o he ci cula economy e ol es a ound he p inciples o educing,
eusing, and ecycling esou ces o minimize was e and op imize esou ce u iliza ion
h oughou he li ecycle o buildings and in as uc u e p ojec s. By shi ing om he
adi ional linea model o "ex ac , p oduce, dispose" o a ci cula app oach whe e
ma e ials and p oduc s a e used o as long as possible, he cons uc ion indus y can
signi ican ly educe i s en i onmen al impac while inc easing i s economic e iciency [2].
This a icle explo es he ans o ma i e po en ial o he ci cula economy wi hin
sus ainable cons uc ion, examining how he adop ion o ci cula i y can lead o subs an ial
*
Co esponding au ho : [email p o ec ed]
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© The Au ho s, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e
Commons A ibu ion License 4.0 (h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/).
cos sa ings a a ious s ages o cons uc ion p ojec s. F om ma e ial acquisi ion and
cons uc ion p ocesses o building ope a ion and end-o -li e conside a ions, we explo e he
oppo uni ies and challenges associa ed wi h in eg a ing ci cula p inciples in o he
cons uc ion amewo k.
Join us on a jou ney h ough he p inciples, p ac ices, and applica ions o ci cula
economic s a egies in sus ainable cons uc ion, whe e we unco e he as po en ial o
cos educ ion and en i onmen al p o ec ion ha lies a he in e sec ion o ci cula i y and
cons uc ion.
2 The undamen al p inciples o he ci cula economy
When u ilizing he ci cula economy, i is necessa y o conside he undamen al p inciples
which a e:
1. Was e educ ion and ecycling
2. Reuse and enewable esou ces
3. Ex ending he li espan o p oduc s
4. Design o disassembly and eusabili y
The concep o he ci cula economy s ands in sha p con as o he adi ional linea
model o esou ce managemen , which ocuses on con inuous g ow h, p oduc ion,
consump ion, and ul ima ely disposal. Unlike his, he ci cula economy emphasizes
minimizing was e and losses, and ins ead ocuses on ex ending he li espan o p oduc s and
ma e ials and hei epea ed use. This shi s away om one- ime consump ion o a sys em
ha suppo s enewable esou ces, ecycling, and euse, b inging long- e m economic and
en i onmen al bene i s and educing he nega i e impac s on he en i onmen associa ed
wi h he linea esou ce managemen model.
3 Applica ions o he ci cula economy in cons uc ion
The applica ion o ci cula economy p inciples in cons uc ion aims o maximize
sus ainabili y and esou ce e iciency. The p ima y objec i e is o minimize was e while
p omo ing he ecycling and euse o ma e ials and p oduc s h oughou he en i e li ecycle
o buildings. This app oach seeks o ansi ion om he adi ional linea model o
"p oduce, use, dispose" o a mo e sus ainable model cen e ed on "p oduce, use, ecycle."
[3].
Key aspec s o implemen ing ci cula economy p ac ices in cons uc ion include:
1. Design o disassembly and euse: Buildings and s uc u al elemen s a e designed
o acili a e easy disassembly, wi h ma e ials in ended o euse o ecycling a he
end o hei li ecycle.
2. Use o ecycled and enewable ma e ials: P io i izing ma e ials sou ced om
ecycled esou ces o enewable sou ces, such as ecycled me als, sus ainably
sou ced wood, o bioplas ics.
3. Was e minimiza ion: Employing e icien planning and p oduc ion p ocesses o
educe was e gene a ed du ing cons uc ion and demoli ion.
4. Ex ending he li espan o ma e ials and s uc u es: U ilizing echniques and
ma e ials ha enhance he du abili y o buildings, he eby educing he need o
new cons uc ion ma e ials.
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68%
56%
32%
31%
26%
Highe cos s o ecological echnologies and ma e ials
Insu icien awa eness and mo i a ion o in es o s
Highe ime demands
Technological ba ie s and di icul y implemen ing ecological measu es
Limi ed a ailabili y o en i onmen ally iendly cons uc ion ma e ials
Wha p oblems do you see wi h he implemen a ion o ecological and sus ainable p ac ices in cons uc ion?
5. Modula and adap able designs: Implemen ing s uc u es ha allow o easy
modi ica ions and al e a ions in he u u e, hus p olonging hei li espan and
dec easing he demand o new esou ces.
6. Ene gy e iciency and enewable esou ces: Designing buildings wi h high ene gy
e iciency and in eg a ing enewable ene gy sou ces, such as sola panels o hea
pumps, o mi iga e ca bon emissions.
Success ully implemen ing hese p inciples necessi a es collabo a ion among a chi ec s,
enginee s, builde s, ma e ial manu ac u e s, and go e nmen en i ies. T ansi ioning o a
ci cula economy in cons uc ion no only yields en i onmen al bene i s bu also o e s
po en ial economic sa ings and os e s inno a ion wi hin he indus y.
Figu e 1 Does you company u ilize he ecycling o cons uc ion was e in he ealiza ion o p ojec s?
[4]
Figu e 2 Wha p oblems do you see wi h he implemen a ion o ecological and sus ainable p ac ices
in cons uc ion?[4]
38%
40%
18%
4%
Does you company u ilize he ecycling o cons uc ion was e in he ealiza ion o p ojec s?
De ini ely yes Ra he yes Ra he no De ini ely no
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The su ey wi hin he cons uc ion indus y is conduc ed by he company CEEC, which
collec s a ious da a on ecology in cons uc ion.
The esul s o he su ey among he la ges cons uc ion companies in he Czech
Republic a e shown in Figu e 1. The su ey is egula ly conduc ed by he company CEEC.
Ano he ques ion in he su ey conce ns he easons why companies do no use ecological
solu ions in cons uc ion ac i i ies. The esul s a e shown in Figu e 2 [4].
By compa ing he su ey esul s om p e ious pe iods, i is possible o see an
imp o ing end in he implemen a ion o ecological p ac ices in cons uc ion, he eby
mi iga ing he impac o he cons uc ion indus y on he en i onmen . This is signi ican
since he cons uc ion indus y is one o he la ges p oduce s o was e in he en i e indus y
in he Czech Republic.
4 Bene i s o he ci cula economy o cos educ ion
The ci cula economy b ings signi ican bene i s no only o he en i onmen bu also o
cos educ ion in cons uc ion. In eg a ing ci cula economy p inciples in o cons uc ion
p ojec s and p ac ices can lead o sa ings in ma e ials, ene gy, and ul ima ely money.
Acco ding o he 2020 Global S a us Repo o Buildings and Cons uc ion, 23% o
cons uc ion companies ha e measu able goals o educe he en i onmen al impac o hei
ac i i ies, while he emaining 77% do no ha e such goals es ablished [5].
He e a e some o he key ways in which he ci cula economy can help educe cos s in
cons uc ion:
4.1 Reducing ma e ial cos s
Using ecycled o enewable ma e ials can o en be less expensi e han pu chasing new,
p ima y ma e ials. Recycling cons uc ion was e and i s euse in cons uc ion p ojec s can
educe he demand o new aw ma e ials and ela ed cos s.
4.2 Ma e ial use e iciency
Mo e accu a e planning and he use o mode n manu ac u ing echniques can educe he
amoun o was e p oduced du ing cons uc ion. This means ha less ma e ial is los , and
was e disposal cos s a e lowe .
4.3 Ex ending he li espan o buildings
Designing buildings and in as uc u e wi h disassembly and euse o ma e ials in mind can
signi ican ly ex end he li espan o ma e ials and he buildings hemsel es. This means ha
in es men s in cons uc ion p ojec s can ha e a longe payback pe iod, and less equen ly
is i necessa y o spend esou ces on epai s o new cons uc ion.
4.4 Op imizing ope a ional cos s
Buildings designed o ene gy e iciency and he use o enewable ene gy sou ces can
signi ican ly educe ene gy cos s. This can include e e y hing om passi e sola design o
he ins alla ion o sola panels and ainwa e ha es ing sys ems.
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4.5 C ea ing new business oppo uni ies
The ma ke o ecycled ma e ials and se ices associa ed wi h he ci cula economy is
g owing. Companies ocusing on inno a ion and he use o ci cula p inciples can disco e
new business models and oppo uni ies o g ow h, educing o e all cos s.
4.6 Reducing isk and p ice ola ili y
Dependence on ecycled and locally a ailable ma e ials can educe he isk o p ice shocks
associa ed wi h global aw ma e ial ma ke s and supplies. This allows cons uc ion
companies o be e plan cos s and budge s.
Implemen ing hese p inciples equi es an ini ial in es men in design, echnologies, and
p ocesses, bu long- e m sa ings and en i onmen al bene i s b ing signi ican inancial and
ecological ad an ages.
Acco ding o CEEC Resea ch analysis, cons uc ion companies a e capable o ecycling
a la ge amoun o cons uc ion was e and eusing i . Six y-six pe cen o he su eyed
cons uc ion companies in Czech Republic. manage o ecycle and euse abou 20% o he
ma e ial. Abou 21% o companies can euse be ween 21–40% o he was e. Thi een
pe cen o companies e en e u n mo e han 41% o he o al olume o was e back in o he
cons uc ion p ocess. Howe e , only a qua e o companies ha e measu able guidelines o
educing en i onmen al was e. The es do no ocus on his issue in de ail. Only 26% o
companies a e willing o in es mo e in ecycling, esea ch, o he de elopmen o
en i onmen ally iendly echnologies and ma e ials [4].
5 Obs acles and challenges
T ansi ioning o he ci cula economy in cons uc ion b ings nume ous ad an ages bu also
aces a signi ican numbe o obs acles and challenges. These challenges a e o en
mul i ace ed and necessi a e inno a i e app oaches and shi s in mindse among all
s akeholde s, including ma e ial manu ac u e s, builde s, a chi ec s, egula o s, and building
use s. Emb acing a ci cula economy model equi es a comp ehensi e unde s anding o
a ious in e ela ed ac o s and a conce ed e o o implemen sus ainable p ac ices ac oss
he cons uc ion indus y.
The main obs acles and challenges include
5.1 Regula o y and legisla i e ba ie s:
Cons uc ion s anda ds and egula ions a e equen ly based on adi ional, linea
app oaches o building and in as uc u e de elopmen . These s anda ds may no suppo , o
may e en p ohibi , he use o ecycled ma e ials o he cons uc ion o buildings designed
o easy disassembly and euse. O e coming his ba ie in ol es ad oca ing o egula o y
changes ha acili a e he use o sus ainable ma e ials and cons uc ion p ac ices, which can
be a leng hy and complex p ocess equi ing collabo a ion wi h policymake s and egula o y
bodies [6,7].
5.2 Lack o awa eness and unde s anding:
Many s akeholde s in he cons uc ion indus y, including de elope s, con ac o s, and e en
clien s, may ha e limi ed awa eness o he bene i s associa ed wi h he ci cula economy.
Addi ionally, hey may lack su icien knowledge on how o implemen hese p inciples in
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hei p ojec s. This challenge highligh s he need o ex ensi e educa ional campaigns and
aining p og ams o dissemina e in o ma ion abou he ad an ages o ci cula p ac ices and
p o ide p ac ical guidance on hei implemen a ion [8,9].
5.3 Li ecycle assessmen challenges:
Assessing he en i onmen al impac o p oduc s and ma e ials h oughou hei en i e
li ecycle— om p oduc ion and use o disposal and ecycling—is a complex and ime-
consuming p ocess. Howe e , his analysis is c ucial o unde s anding he ue bene i s o
ecycling and eusing ma e ials, as well as o making in o med decisions abou sus ainable
p ac ices. De eloping s anda dized me hods and ools o li ecycle assessmen can help
s eamline his p ocess and p o ide clea e insigh s in o he long- e m bene i s o ci cula
economy p inciples [10].
5.4 Limi ed a ailabili y o ecycled ma e ials:
In some egions, i may be challenging o ob ain ecycled ma e ials ha mee he necessa y
quali y s anda ds and a e a ailable in su icien quan i ies. This sca ci y complica es hei
use in cons uc ion p ojec s, as i may be di icul o sou ce enough ma e ials o mee
p ojec demands. Add essing his issue in ol es inc easing he capaci y o ecycling and
p ocessing ma e ials locally, as well as os e ing ma ke s o seconda y ma e ials o ensu e
a s eady supply o high-quali y ecycled esou ces [11,12].
5.5 Ini ial cos s and in es men s:
T ansi ioning o a ci cula economy model o en equi es signi ican ini ial in es men s in
new echnologies, ma e ials, and wo ke aining. These up on cos s can be a ba ie o
many o ganiza ions, especially smalle companies wi h limi ed inancial esou ces. To
mi iga e his challenge, i is impo an o highligh he long- e m economic bene i s o
ci cula p ac ices, such as educed ma e ial cos s and imp o ed e iciency, and o seek
inancial incen i es o suppo om go e nmen s and indus y bodies [13].
5.6 Ma ke ba ie s:
Exis ing ma ke s uc u es end o a o linea economic models, which ocus on
p oduc ion, use, and disposal wi hou conside ing he long- e m en i onmen al impac s o
he po en ial o esou ce eco e y. These s uc u es may unde alue he long- e m sa ings
and en i onmen al bene i s ha he ci cula economy o e s. O e coming ma ke ba ie s
in ol es p omo ing he alue o sus ainable p ac ices, c ea ing demand o ci cula
p oduc s, and encou aging in es men in ci cula business models [14,15].
5.7 Technological and inno a ion challenges:
De eloping new ma e ials and cons uc ion echniques ha a e ully compa ible wi h
ci cula economy p inciples equi es in ensi e esea ch and inno a ion. This p ocess
includes c ea ing ma e ials ha can be easily ecycled o epu posed, designing buildings
o disassembly, and de eloping cons uc ion me hods ha minimize was e. Suppo ing
esea ch and de elopmen in hese a eas is essen ial o ad ancing he echnologies needed
o implemen ci cula p ac ices e ec i ely [16].
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O e coming hese obs acles and challenges will equi e coo dina ed e o s a all le els,
om go e nmen and egula o y bodies o indus y associa ions, academic ins i u ions, and
indi idual businesses and consume s [17].
Key ac ions include:
Suppo ing esea ch and de elopmen : In es ing in esea ch o de elop new ma e ials,
echnologies, and me hods ha align wi h ci cula economy p inciples is c i ical. This
suppo can come om go e nmen g an s, indus y pa ne ships, and academic
collabo a ions.
Mp o ing legisla ion and s anda ds: Ad oca ing o changes in cons uc ion s anda ds
and egula ions o suppo ci cula p ac ices is necessa y. This includes upda ing building
codes, c ea ing incen i es o using ecycled ma e ials, and es ablishing guidelines o
designing buildings o disassembly.
Raising awa eness and educa ion: Launching educa ional campaigns and aining
p og ams o in o m s akeholde s abou he bene i s o he ci cula economy and p o ide
p ac ical guidance on implemen ing hese p inciples is i al. This e o should a ge all
le els o he cons uc ion indus y, om op execu i es o on-si e wo ke s.
Fos e ing inno a ion and echnological p og ess: Encou aging inno a ion in
cons uc ion echniques and ma e ials is essen ial o in eg a ing ci cula economy
p inciples. This can be achie ed h ough inno a ion hubs, indus y compe i ions, and
collabo a i e p ojec s ha b ing oge he a ious s akeholde s o de elop and es new
ideas.
C ea ing economic incen i es: De eloping inancial incen i es and suppo
mechanisms, such as ax b eaks, g an s, and subsidies, can help o se he ini ial cos s o
ansi ioning o ci cula p ac ices. These incen i es can make i mo e a ac i e o
companies o in es in sus ainable echnologies and me hods.
By add essing hese challenges h ough a comp ehensi e and collabo a i e app oach, he
cons uc ion indus y can success ully in eg a e ci cula economy p inciples, leading o
signi ican en i onmen al, economic, and social bene i s.
6 Cu en s a e in cons uc ion
Cu en s anda ds and egula ions ocus on a wide ange o sus ainable and quali y elemen s
in he ield o cons uc ion. They aim o con ibu e o he de elopmen o be e and
heal hie li ing condi ions. U ilizing hese s anda ds can lead o minimizing he nega i e
impac o
cons uc ion ac i i ies on he su ounding en i onmen and simul aneously inc easing he
well-being o he inhabi an s o hese buildings.
LEED (Leade ship in Ene gy and En i onmen al Design), used by 13% o cons uc ion
companies, is an in e na ionally ecognized sys em o assessing he ecological
sus ainabili y o buildings. This sys em, de eloped by he Uni ed S a es G een Building
Council (USGBC), o e s a me hodology o planning, implemen ing, and managing
"g een" buildings wi h high ene gy e iciency and low en i onmen al impac . P ojec s a e
e alua ed based on mee ing ce ain c i e ia, including ene gy sa ings, in e io quali y, and
sus ainable cons uc ion p ac ices [18].
Twel e pe cen o su eyed builde s p e e BREEAM (Building Resea ch
Es ablishmen En i onmen al Assessmen Me hod), a me hod and sys em o assessing he
sus ainabili y o buildings widely used p ima ily in he Uni ed Kingdom, bu also in o he
coun ies. De eloped by he Building Resea ch Es ablishmen (BRE), BREEAM p o ides
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s anda ds o e alua ing a ious aspec s o buildings, om ene gy e iciency o ma e ial use
and heal h aspec s [19].
The Passi e House S anda d (o "Passi haus"), applied by 9% o esponden s, is an
app oach and s anda d o ex emely ene gy-e icien buildings. I emphasizes he
impo ance o high le els o insula ion, building ai igh ness, and hea eco e y om
en ila ion, aiming o minimize he ene gy demand and ensu e op imal li ing condi ions o
use s.
Fi e pe cen o su eyed companies use he WELL Building S anda d, which ocuses
on he heal h and well-being o people in building in e io s. This s anda d se s c i e ia o
ai quali y, wa e , nu i ion, physical ac i i y, men al heal h, and o he ac o s a ec ing he
heal h and well-being o building use s. The WELL S anda d is used o ce i y buildings
ha suppo he heal hy and happy li e o hei inhabi an s.
Figu e 3 Sha e o u ilized s anda ds.
In Figu e 3, he pe cen age sha e o u ilized s anda ds is isible. The g aph shows ha
he e is s ill no uni e sal s anda d implemen ed wo ldwide; each coun y c ea es i s own.
Some companies c ea e addi ional s ic e s anda ds o gain a compe i i e ad an age o e
o he s. F om he pe spec i e o anspa ency and compa abili y, his si ua ion is
unsa is ac o y, as i equi es unde s anding all he s anda ds being used when making
compa isons
Acco ding o cons uc ion companies, he g ea es obs acle o ecological measu es is
hei cos liness, making he willingness on he in es o 's side so c ucial. A he same ime,
26% o cons uc ion companies wan o in es mo e in ecycling o esea ch and
de elopmen o en i onmen ally iendly echnologies and ma e ials in he u u e. Fo 32%
o cons uc ion companies, using new echnologies is ime-consuming. Ano he 26% o
businesses men ion he p oblem wi h he a ailabili y o such ma e ials.
Highe cos s o acqui ing cleane ma e ials o echnologies a e ci ed as a b ake on hei
wide use by 68% o he su eyed cons uc ion companies, while 56% o companies
encoun e insu icien awa eness among in es o s abou en i onmen al issues [4, 19-24].
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7 Conclusion
Sus ainable cons uc ion ep esen s no only a esponse o he g owing en i onmen al
challenges o oday bu also o e s solu ions o cos educ ion and inc eased e iciency in
he cons uc ion indus y. In his con ex , he ci cula economy eme ges as a key ac o ha
can signi ican ly con ibu e o ans o ming he cons uc ion sec o owa ds mo e
sus ainable and economically ad an ageous p ac ices.
Swi ching o a ci cula economy in cons uc ion in ol es dec easing ma e ial usage,
maximizing esou ce e iciency, p olonging he li espan o cons uc ion componen s, and
educing o e all was e. These s a egies no only diminish he en i onmen al oo p in o
cons uc ion p ojec s bu also lead o subs an ial inancial bene i s h ough mo e e icien
ma e ial use, lowe ope a ional cos s, and dec eased was e disposal expenses.
Ne e heless, o ully exploi he po en ial o he ci cula economy in cons uc ion, i is
c ucial o add ess exis ing ba ie s and challenges. This equi es legisla i e and egula o y
e o ms, heigh ened awa eness and expe ise among builde s and designe s, he
de elopmen o ma ke s o ecycled ma e ials, and suppo o inno a ion and
echnological ad ancemen s.
In conclusion, he ci cula economy o e s he cons uc ion indus y a pa h o
sus ainabili y ha is economically bene icial and en i onmen ally esponsible. I s
success ul implemen a ion equi es coo dina ed e o om all s akeholde s and an
app oach ocused on long- e m sus ainabili y and inno a ion. By adop ing ci cula
p inciples, he cons uc ion indus y can play a key ole in building a sus ainable u u e o
he nex gene a ions, while also achie ing subs an ial sa ings and imp o ing i s
compe i i eness.
Re e ences
1. A. Hailema iam and M. O. E diaw‐Kwasie, “Towa ds a ci cula economy:
Implica ions o emission educ ion and en i onmen al sus ainabili y”, in Business
S a egy and he En i onmen , ol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1951-1965, (2023).
2. M. Wynn and P. Jones, “Digi al Technology Deploymen and he Ci cula Economy”,
in Sus ainabili y, ol. 14, no. 15, (2022).
3. S e anakis and I. Nikolaou, Ci cula Economy and Sus ainabili y: Volume 2:
En i onmen al Enginee ing. Ams e dam: Else ie Science, (2021).
4. Qua e ly Analysis o he Czech Cons uc ion Indus y Q4/2023. P aha: CEEC
Resea ch, (2023).
5. “Building sec o emissions hi eco d high, bu low-ca bon pandemic eco e y can help
ans o m sec o – UN epo ”, Building sec o emissions hi eco d high, bu low-
ca bon pandemic eco e y can help ans o m sec o – UN epo , 016 Decembe
(2020).
6. S. H. Gha a , M. Bu man, and N. B aimah, “Pa hways o ci cula cons uc ion: An
in eg a ed managemen o cons uc ion and demoli ion was e o esou ce eco e y”,
in Jou nal o Cleane P oduc ion, ol. 244, (2020).
7. K. T. Adams, M. Osmani, T. Tho pe, and J. Tho nback, “Ci cula economy in
cons uc ion: cu en awa eness, challenges and enable s”, in P oceedings o he
Ins i u ion o Ci il Enginee s - Was e and Resou ce Managemen , ol. 170, no. 1, pp.
15-24 , (2017).
E3S Web o Con e ences 550, 01009 (2024)
Young Scien is 2024
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