IOP Con e ence Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Impac on To al Cos s and Cons uc ion Pe iod o Residen ial Buildings
in P ague
To ci e his a icle: Ma in Mohapl e al 2019 IOP Con . Se .: Ea h En i on. Sci. 221 012004
View he a icle online o upda es and enhancemen s.
This con en was downloaded om IP add ess 147.229.27.83 on 14/03/2019 a 08:27
Con en om his wo k may be used unde he e ms o heC ea i eCommonsA ibu ion 3.0 licence. Any u he dis ibu ion
o his wo k mus main ain a ibu ion o he au ho (s) and he i le o he wo k, jou nal ci a ion and DOI.
Published unde licence by IOP Publishing L d
Wo ld Mul idisciplina y Ea h Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2018)
IOP Con . Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science 221 (2019) 012004 IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/221/1/012004
1
Impac on To al Cos s and Cons uc ion Pe iod o
Residen ial Buildings in P ague
Ma in Mohapl 1, Jana P azako a 1, Ma in Hejl 1
1 B no Uni e si y o Technology, Ve eří 331/95, 60200, B no, Czech Republic
[email p o ec ed]
Abs ac . Op imiza ion is a common and e y o en necessa y p ocess pe o med o
economic easons du ing he ealiza ion o cons uc ion p ojec s. This epo p esen s he
op imiza ion o a esiden ial p ojec a he beginning o he cons uc ion p ocess. I desc ibes
de ailed modi ica ions made o conc e e ein o cemen cons uc ion ha ha e b ough cos
sa ings, while a he same ime aking in o conside a ion he isks and cos s ha esul om
p ojec modi ica ion.
1. P ojec desc ip ion
The discussed esiden ial a ea is loca ed on he ou ski s o P ague and comp ises a se o h ee
esiden ial buildings wi h a common basemen . I is hus one single s uc u e; whose pa s a e
ope a ionally insepa able. The one six-s o ey and wo i e-s o ey buildings a e designed o con ain
58 housing uni s anging in size om 2 ooms + ki chene e o 4 ooms + ki chene e. The basemen
houses echnical ooms, cella compa men s and 64 pa king spaces. The o al amoun in es ed in he
p ojec is app oxima ely 4.38 mil. EUR.
The buildings a e app oxima ely squa e, wi h g ound plan dimensions o 20 x 20m, and ea u e a
eceding op loo whose apa men s open on o e aces. The common basemen is U-shaped and
co e s an a ea o 70x70m.
The buildings s and on ein o ced conc e e piles. The common basemen is buil om a
monoli hic ein o ced conc e e s uc u e made o wa e igh conc e e (using he “whi e ank”
p inciple). The load-bea ing s uc u e o he abo e-g ound loo s comp ises a monoli hic ein o ced
conc e e skele on illed wi h ce amic mason y. The buildings a e co e ed wi h a single-laye la oo
wi h a main wa e p oo ing laye made o bi uminous memb anes. The oo s o he main buildings a e
non-walkable, while he oo abo e he ga ages is ege a i e and he e aces on he g ound and op
loo s a e p o ided wi h conc e e pa emen . The building is insula ed wi h mine al wool. The a ium
o he building is designed wi h a child en's playg ound, pa ed a eas and small a chi ec u al
elemen s.
2. O iginal wo k plan
A he s a o he p epa a ions o p oduce he p ojec , he cons uc ion condi ions appea ed o be e y
a ou able. The planned cons uc ion pe iod was ag eed o be 16 mon hs. Ea hwo ks we e exca a ed
and he ounda ion o he building buil in he mon hs o Feb ua y and Ma ch. In Ap il, wo k was
s a ed on he monoli hic s uc u es. The load-bea ing s uc u e, including mason y, was planned o
be comple e by Oc obe . By he end o No embe , he building was o be sealed and p o ec ed om
ex e nal wea he e en s ( ia he comple ed oo cladding and e aces, he mal insula ion sys em,
Wo ld Mul idisciplina y Ea h Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2018)
IOP Con . Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science 221 (2019) 012004 IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/221/1/012004
2
windows and doo s). Wo k on he dis ibu ion sys ems o echnical building equipmen and
associa ed cons uc ion p oduc ion ac i i ies was o s a in he las qua e o 2014, aking place in
wha was now a sealed, hea ed building, [1, 2]. Finishing wo k was o be ca ied ou du ing he
sp ing mon hs. Finally, in he hi d qua e o 2015 a he la es , he building was o be app o ed o
use, any aul s emo ed and hen handed o e o he clien and u u e owne s.
Figu e 1. Schedule acco ding o he wo ks con ac
3. Financial calcula ion
A e he inancial analysis and es ima es had been pe o med, howe e , i was ound ha in he
sec ion o monoli hic cons uc ions he e was a loss o -6.7% o he budge cos s o he load-bea ing
s uc u e o he building (amoun ing o abou 1.15 million EUR). The la ges sha e in his de ici was
held by he conc e e ein o cemen : 125 kg/m3 o conc e e was p oposed in he ende
documen a ion, bu he ac ual onnage o conc e e ein o cemen acco ding o wo kshop
documen a ion was highe . The g ea es di e ence was ound in he ounda ions and ho izon al
s uc u es. In he ende documen a ion, he conc e e onnage alloca ed o he ein o cemen in he
ounda ion s uc u es was 129 kg/m3, while 159 kg/m3 was s a ed in he cons uc ion documen a ion.
The ein o cemen in he ho izon al s uc u es also inc eased by 30 kg/m3 ( om he assumed 109
kg/m3 o 139 kg/m3).
The expec ed p o i om he emaining buildings was no high enough o co e he loss. Se e al
business mee ings ollowed wi h he aim o inding a solu ion o his p oblem. The clien o e ed a
solu ion o he con ac o ha in ol ed he op imiza ion o he p ojec . The con ac o was o examine
he op ions o a aining sa ings and adjus he design solu ion so ha he implemen a ion cos s we e
educed while mee ing all he echnical equi emen s o he inal shape and unc ion o he building.
The con ac o accep ed his o e and began o look o sa ings, ocusing in pa icula on he load-
bea ing s uc u e o he building. The o iginal solu ion was a ein o ced conc e e monoli hic skele on
illed wi h ce amic mason y. A mo e economical solu ion was designed ea u ing a combina ion o
monoli hic ein o ced conc e e walls and suppo ing walls made om ce amic mason y. The
con ac o app oached he design and s uc u al enginee ing o ice, which, a e s udying he p ojec ,
gua an eed a minimum sa ing o 5.0% on he budge ed cos s o he suppo ing s uc u e o he
building. The building was edesigned o inco po a e he modi ica ions in he p ojec documen a ion
so ha he i s wo abo e-g ound loo s ha e monoli hic walls (ce amic mason y is used only o
pa i ions), he hi d and ou h loo s u ilise ce amic mason y suppo ing walls and he las loo is
made up o a combina ion o monoli hic walls and ein o ced load-bea ing walls. A he same ime,
Wo ld Mul idisciplina y Ea h Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2018)
IOP Con . Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science 221 (2019) 012004 IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/221/1/012004
3
he ceiling dimensions we e changed, wi h he o iginal ceiling hickness o 220 mm being op imized
o 200, 190 and 180 mm. The cos o ewo king he p ojec was se a 0.83% o he budge cos s o
he load-bea ing s uc u e. The modi ica ions me he in es o 's condi ion ha he a ea occupied by
he ooms mus no be educed by mo e han 5% o he o al loo a ea.
The ac ual p ices o which he wo k was pe o med we e used o he ecalcula ion. Fi e
subcon ac o s who pa icipa ed in he selec ion p ocess we e in ol ed in he cons uc ion o he
s uc u e.
Subcon ac o 1: Deli e y and ins alla ion o conc e e ein o cemen
Subcon ac o 2: Se ing up and emo al o o mwo k, laying o conc e e, ins alla ion o
p e ab ica ed elemen s, c ane
Subcon ac o 3: Supplie o conc e e mix
Subcon ac o 4: Mason y cons uc ion
Subcon ac o 5: Supplie o wall building ma e ial
In o de o ensu e he lowes possible p ice, he wo k was di ided be ween se e al con ac o s, bu
his means mo e esponsibili y o he gene al con ac o , who has o coo dina e all s akeholde s and
deal wi h he inc eased isk o an unexpec ed ise in he o al cos o he wo k.
4. Op imiza ion o he load-bea ing s uc u es o he building
A e adjus ing he s a ics calcula ions and p oducing he p ojec documen a ion, he sa ings we e
calcula ed o be 7.4% o he budge cos s o he load-bea ing s uc u e o he building. The e was a
educ ion in he amoun o conc e e ein o cemen , conc e e mix u e and o mwo k. On he o he
hand, he olume o ce amic mason y inc eased.
5. The la ges sa ings we e made ia he ollowing adjus men s:
Replacemen o monoli hic walls wi h mason y - a e calcula ing he p ice pe 1m2 o he
load-bea ing walls o bo h ma e ials, he p ice o load-bea ing walls om ce amic mason y
was ound o be 50% lowe han ha o monoli hic ein o ced conc e e walls ( he
calcula ion conside ed he p ice o ce amic mason y, mo a and he ins alla ion o i ings; in
he case o he monoli hic walls he calcula ion included he p ice o conc e e ein o cemen
and he conc e e i sel , including ins alla ion and double-sided o mwo k). The same plas e s
we e applied o bo h wall su aces.
To al sa ings we e 2.21% o he whole building.
Replacemen o p e ab ica ed ele a o sha s wi h monoli hic sha s - Calcula ions
showed ha he p ice o monoli hic sha s is 30% lowe compa ed o p e ab ica ed sha s.
To al sa ings we e 0.74% o he whole building.
Recalcula ion o ceiling s uc u es, educ ion o slab hickness and conc e e
ein o cemen - The hickness o he ceiling slabs was changed om he o iginal 220mm o
200, 190, 180 and 160mm, depending on hei placemen wi hin he load-bea ing s uc u e.
The amoun o conc e e ein o cemen was educed om 142 kg/m3 o 101 kg/m3.
This adjus men mean sa ings o 5.15%.
Sa ings on he he mal insula ion sys em - By adjus ing he a io o he monoli hic
pe ime e walls o he ce amic mason y used o he pe ime e , he amoun and hickness o
he needed insula ion was also al e ed, esul ing in a educ ion in hickness om 170 o 120
mm o an a ea o 750 m2. The sa ings amoun ed o 0.4% o he budge cos s o he load-
bea ing s uc u e o he building. A small sa ing was also achie ed ia a educ ion in he
wo kload o adhesi e applica ion o mine al wool: he same insula ion hickness is used o
each loo , so i is no necessa y o glue mine al wool ba s o di e en hicknesses oge he
as in he case o a combined sys em (monoli hic wall wi h ce amic b ickwo k).
The abo emen ioned sa ings in % a e always ela ed o he budge cos s o he load-bea ing
s uc u e o he building.
Wo ld Mul idisciplina y Ea h Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2018)
IOP Con . Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science 221 (2019) 012004 IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/221/1/012004
4
Figu e 2. Floo plans o he o iginal design solu ion - Building 1- 1s , 3 d and 6 h s o ey
Figu e 3. Floo plans o he op imized design solu ion - Building 1- 1s , 3 d and 6 h s o ey
Table 1. Cos calcula ion o he cons uc ion pa o he wo k based on he eal si ua ion
Replacemen o monoli hic walls wi h b ickwo k
B ick walls, 250mm hk AKU SYM 1m
2 50%
Fi ings, POROTHERM 25 AKU SYM 10.7 pcs
Wall cons uc ion, incl. mo a 1 m2
Monoli hic walls, 200 mm hick 100%
Conc e e o walls abo e he ounda ion - ein o ced conc e e, ype C 25/30
XC1 0.2 m3
S eel ein o cemen o walls abo e he ounda ion - s eel ype 10 505 28.5 kg
Fo mwo k o walls abo e he ounda ion,
double-sided, ins alla ion, emo al 2m
2
To al eplaced Sa ings 2.21%
Replacemen o p e ab ica ed ele a o sha s wi h monoli hic sha s
Monoli hic ele a o sha s
70%
Conc e e o walls abo e he ounda ion - ein o ced
conc e e, ype C 25/30 XC1
2.9
m3
S eel ein o cemen o walls abo e he ounda ion – s eel
ype 10 505
332.5
kg
Fo mwo k o walls abo e he ounda ion,
double-sided, ins alla ion, emo al
38.6
m2
P e ab ica ed ele a o sha s
1kpl 100%
P e ab ica ed sha s
2.89
m3
Cons uc ion
2.89
m3
19 ele a o sha s in o al
Sa ings 0.74%

Wo ld Mul idisciplina y Ea h Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2018)
IOP Con . Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science 221 (2019) 012004 IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/221/1/012004
5
LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURE OF THE
BUILDING PROJECT
DOCUMENTATION REAL STATUS
COST CALCULATION
Residen ial complex, P ague Supplie selec ion Op imiza ion
o
d. Desc ip ion UM Ac eage UM Ac eage
0027: Founda ions 16.1% 16.1%
1. Conc e e base om plain conc e e, hickness
100 mm - ype C 12/15 m3 227.0 1.28% m3 227.0 1.28%
2. S ip ounda ions and basepla es om
ein o ced conc e e - ype C 30/37 m3 899.5 6.05% m3 899.5 6.05%
3. Rein o cemen o s ip ounda ions and
basepla es - s eel ype 10 505 kg 135 590.0 8.51% kg 135 590.0 8.51%
4. Ins alla ion and emo al o o mwo km2 220.0 0.26% m2 220.0 0.26%
0031: Walls 28.30% 24.55%
5. Conc e e o walls abo e he ounda ion -
ein o ced conc e e, ype C 25/30, C 30/37 m3 1 115.4 6.70% m3 881.2 5.33%
6. Rein o cemen o walls abo e he ounda ion –
s eel ype 10 505 kg 131 240.0 8.24% kg 125 391.3 7.87%
7. Ins alla ion and emo al o o mwo k – double-
sided m2 10 868.9 13.36% m2 9 234.4 11.35%
0041: Ceilings and ceiling s uc u es 38.09% 32.94%
8.
Conc e e o pla e ceiling and beam ceiling,
ein o ced (wi hou ein o cemen ) - ype C
25/30, C 30/37
m3 1 787.3 11.36% m3 1 731.8 11.20%
9. Rein o cemen o ceilings – s eel ype 10 505 kg 257 754.0 17.03% kg 173 881.1 11.77%
10. Shea ein o cemen elemen s, acous ic spines kpl 0.0 0.00% kpl 1.0 0.64%
11. Ins alla ion and emo al o o mwo k o
ceilings, wi hou suppo ing s uc u e m2 7 792.3 9.70% m2 7 509.2 9.34%
0042: P e ab ica ed s uc u es 9.74% 7.29%
12. Balconies kpl 1.0 5.14% ks 1.0 5.14%
13. Ele a o sha s kpl 1.0 2.45% ks Incl.
14. S ai cases, inc. acous ic elemen skpl 1.0 2.15% kpl 1.0 2.15%
0031: Walls 4.30% 7.55%
15. Load-bea ing mason y - indoo and pe iphe al m21 602.9 4.30% m2 2 815.0 7.55%
O he i ems 11.28% 11.28%
16. O he - sealing shee me als. acous ic elemen s kpl 1.0 2.13% kpl 1.0 2.13%
17. C anes. Seconda y budge cos s kpl 1.0 9.16% kpl 1.0 9.16%
18. P ocessing o p ojec op imiza ion
(documen a ion. o e heads) kpl 1.0 0.82%
The mal insula ion sys em 0.00% -0.40%
19. Sa ings ia changing he hickness o he
insula ion m2 750.0 0.00% m2 -0.40%
TOTAL PRICE 107.8% 99.32%
SAVINGS 8.50%
Wo ld Mul idisciplina y Ea h Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2018)
IOP Con . Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science 221 (2019) 012004 IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/221/1/012004
6
RECAPITULATION
Conc e e
m3 4 029.2 m3
3 739.5
Rein o cemen
kg 524 584.0 kg
434 862.4
Fo mwo k
m2 18 881.2 m2
16 963.6
Mason y
m2 1 602.9 m2
2 815.0
No e: The pe cen age alues s a ed abo e a e ela ed o he budge a y cos s o he building’s load-
bea ing s uc u e.
6. Wo k low a e op imiza ion
Du ing he op imiza ion p ocess, wo k con inued on he execu ion o he unde g ound s uc u e and
he basemen . This wo k wen slowe han planned in he o iginal ime able. Wi h ega d o he
deadlines o he g adual issuance o he e ised design documen a ion o he cons uc ion pa o
he p ojec , he o e all shi in he implemen a ion deadline was almos h ee mon hs. The
cons uc ion o he building was hus comple ed in Janua y 2015, meaning ha he assump ion ha
he building would be comple ed by win e was no me . Due o he wea he condi ions a ha ime,
oo ing wo k did no begin un il Feb ua y. The oo s and e aces we e comple ed in May 2015.
Wo k on he he mal insula ion sys em was also launched in Feb ua y and he cons uc ion pe iod
was ex ended un il June, he o iginally planned comple ion da e o he building. A he same ime,
he deadline o ealiza ion o all ela ed p o essions was shi ed. I would ha e been possible o
educe all he delays h ough he adjus men o he ime schedule o he ins alla ion o echnical
building equipmen , building comple ion and inishing wo ks, bu in eali y his plan was beyond he
wo k capaci y o he con ac ed subcon ac ing companies and he coo dina ing capabili ies o he
si e manage , and he e o e i was no possible o mee he planned deadline. In ac , cons uc ion was
comple ed wo mon hs la e han was planned and s a ed in he wo ks con ac .
Figu e 4. Schedule showing he ac ual cou se o cons uc ion wo k
7. Unp edic ed ex a cos s
Penal ies o no mee ing he deadline
The alid wo ks con ac se s a con ac ual penal y o 0.05% o he wo k p ice o each calenda day
o delay. When his sanc ion is applied o he budge cos o he s uc u e o he building, he penal y
is 0.168% pe day. As he cons uc ion was comple ed wo mon hs la e han o iginally planned, he
penal y would ha e been 10.3%, which exceeds he sa ings gained. Thanks o he in es o 's
willingness, he wo-mon h delay was app o ed and no penal y le ied. I should be bo ne in mind
ha o he wise, any sa ings esul ing om op imiza ion would ha e been abso bed by he penal ies
o non-compliance wi h he deadline.
O e head cos s
Wo ld Mul idisciplina y Ea h Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2018)
IOP Con . Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science 221 (2019) 012004 IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/221/1/012004
7
The cos o si e equipmen and wage cos s a e ano he bu den on he cons uc ion budge . E e y day
o cons uc ion delay means an inc ease in o e head cos s. Fo he men ioned building, mon hly
o e head cos s we e 1.93%. The delay o wo mon hs inc eased he cos o cons uc ion by 3.852%.
Table 2. Calcula ion o mon hly o e head cos s
Si e acili ies 0.276%
Ren al o land o SF, building cells 1 kpl 0.130%
Elec ici y, wa e 1 mon h 0.032%
Ren al o ools 1 mon h 0.016%
Gua ds 1 mon h 0.098%
Labou cos s 1.650%
Technicians 3 pe sons 0.588%
Wo ke s’ wages 5 pe sons 0.817%
T a el expenses, accommoda ion 8 pe sons 0.245%
Mon hly O e head Cos s 1.926%
Paymen s o ene gy
When comple ing he s uc u al wo k and illing s uc u al openings, he hea ing o he building was
begun. Acco ding o he o iginal schedule he building should ha e al eady been insula ed wi h
mine al wool when win e a i ed and he oo s should ha e been comple ed. Leakage o hea om a
non-insula ed building is highe han om an insula ed s uc u e, so i he o iginal wo k plan had
been ollowed, he cos o hea ing would ha e been lowe , le ’s say by 40%. Taking in o accoun he
ac ual o al p ice o hea ing, he sa ings would ha e been 0.17%.
The shi ing o he comple ion da e and he inal hando e o he wo k in he win e mon hs mean
he inished building needed o be hea ed a he cos o he con ac o . The hando e o common
a eas and signing o e o u ili ies me e s o he p ospec i e use only ook place in No embe . The e
was an inc ease o 0.20% in he cos o hea ing and DHW. This amoun is no high in compa ison
wi h he o al cos o cons uc ion, bu i is also no negligible.
Hea ing cos s canno be accu a ely planned in ad ance, bu based on expe ience and he
ci cums ances o he gi en cons uc ion wo k, his amoun can be an icipa ed and minimized ia an
app op ia e app oach.
No e: Due o he ac ha he delay in building comple ion was due o he op imiza ion o he load-
bea ing s uc u e o he building, hese cos s a e pe cen ually ela ed o he cos s o he load-bea ing
s uc u e, [3].
8. Complain s
I is also necessa y o ake in o accoun he ac ha he pe o med op imiza ion can esul in
unexpec ed consequences ha only a ise du ing he usage o he building. In he case o his p ojec ,
hese migh include highe c eep a ec ing he building han expec ed, and he c acking o plas e .
The p oblem would a ise wi hin he wa an y pe iod, meaning he gene al con ac o is con ac ually
and inancially bound o deal wi h he claims, bu mus coun on he inancial ese e o such wo ks.
The abo e op imiza ion did no in e e e wi h he unde g ound s uc u e and wa e p oo ing o he
building: i unsui able changes occu ed in hese pa s o he building, he nega i e consequences
would cause mo e undamen al p oblems and signi ican ly inc ease he cos o dealing wi h claims.
In his case, howe e , i is necessa y o dis inguish be ween issues a ising due o he poo design o
op imiza ion measu es and p oblems esul ing om poo implemen a ion and wo king p ac ices.
9. Conclusion
The ealiza ion o a comple e s uc u e depends on many ac o s, o which only some o hem can be
in luenced by main aining he p esc ibed quali y o he wo k. I is ne e possible o know wi h
Wo ld Mul idisciplina y Ea h Sciences Symposium (WMESS 2018)
IOP Con . Se ies: Ea h and En i onmen al Science 221 (2019) 012004 IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/221/1/012004
8
ce ain y wha complica ions migh occu du ing cons uc ion, bu i is possible o ake a la ge
p opo ion o hem in o accoun , o conside hem du ing cons uc ion and o a leas pa ly p e en
hem ia sui able solu ions and planning.
As pa o he op imiza ion o he p ojec discussed in his con ibu ion, sa ings we e calcula ed and
achie ed by adjus ing he s uc u al design solu ion. This change, and he delays incu ed due o i s
solu ion and p epa a ion had an impac on he comple ion da e o he comple e wo k, which esul ed
in a u he inc ease in cos s o he gene al con ac o , and he cus ome also had he igh o claim
compensa ion o non- ul ilmen o he deadline.
Table 3. E alua ion o eal sa ings
Es ima ed sa ings Di e ence
Es ima ed sa ings - cons uc ion pa 1kpl 8.50%
Unexpec ed ex a cos s, including penal ies 14.06% -5.56%
Penal ies o non-compliance wi h deadline 60 day 9.91%
O e heads cos 2mon h 1.93% 3.86%
Inc ease in building hea ing cos s 1kpl 0.16%
Hea ing and DHW cos s be o e he
building was handed o e 1kpl 0.13%
Un o eseen addi ional cos s (when no sanc ion is imposed) 4.15% 4.35%
O e heads cos 2mon h 1.93% 3.86%
Inc easing in building hea ing cos s 1kpl 0.16%
Hea ing and DHW cos s be o e he
building was handed o e 1kpl 0.13%
The a o emen ioned p ocess ensu ed an imp o emen in he inancial pe o mance o he
cons uc ion p ojec , bu aking in o accoun all he ci cums ances, he inancial bene i was no he
same as ini ially en isaged. When unp edic ed ex a cos s we e coun ed, he o al esul ing sa ings
amoun ed o 4.35%. In an ex eme case, i penal ies o non-compliance had been applied, he
desc ibed op imiza ion would ha e been a majo p oblem ha added 5.56% o he inancial loss on
his p ojec . I is he e o e p e e able o add ess op imiza ion and sa ings in ad ance (a he p ojec
p epa a ion s age) a he han du ing he cons uc ion p ocess i sel , as in he la e case he sa ings
achie ed can be exceeded by consequen ex a cons uc ion cos s due in pa icula o he ex ension o
he cons uc ion pe iod and he esul ing ime shi . Due o he mild win e , he cos s associa ed wi h
win e p ecau ions did no inc ease u he in his case, bu in u u e such e en uali ies need o be
aken in o accoun du ing he planning s age.
Acknowledgmen
This pape has been wo ked ou unde he p ojec No. LO1408 "AdMaS UP - Ad anced Ma e ials,
S uc u es and Technologies", suppo ed by Minis y o Educa ion, You h and Spo s unde he
„Na ional Sus ainabili y P og amme I"
Re e ences
[1] T io Residence, P aha- Zličín, documen a ion o cons uc ion, AED p ojec a.s. In e nal
documen s o con ac o
[2] Ja ský Č., Příp a a a ealizace s a eb, P epa a ion and ealiza ion o ci il wo ks, CERM. Ed.1.
B no, 2003. ISBN 80-7204-282-3
[3] S ako á, R. Podpo a snižo ání spo řeby ene gií je důleži ou p io i ou. TZBin o [online].
P aha: TZB-in o, 2001, 2012 [ci . 2018-09-03] h p://www. zb-in o.cz/ene ge icka-
na ocnos -budo /8711-podpo a-snizo ani-spo eby-ene gii-je-dulezi ou-p io i ou