ScienceDi ec
A ailable online a www.sciencedi ec .com
T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 45 (2020) 787–794
2352-1465  2020 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie B.V.
This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he scien i ic commi ee o he T anspo In as uc u e and Sys ems (TIS ROMA 2019).
10.1016/j. p o.2020.02.093
10.1016/j. p o.2020.02.093 2352-1465
© 2020 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie B.V.
This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he scien i ic commi ee o he T anspo In as uc u e and Sys ems (TIS ROMA 2019).
A ailable online a www.sciencedi ec .com
ScienceDi ec
T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 00 (2019) 000–000
www.else ie .com/loca e/p ocedia
2352-1465 © 2020 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie L d. This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license
(h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he scien i ic commi ee o TIS ROMA 2019
AIIT 2nd In e na ional Cong ess on T anspo In as uc u e and Sys ems in a changing wo ld
(TIS ROMA 2019), 23 d-24 h Sep embe 2019, Rome, I aly
Risk iden i ica ion o implemen a ion o ITS o eal a ic
Michal U baneka,*, Vladimi Adameca, Ba bo a Schulle o aa, Ji i Kohou eka
aIns i u e o Fo ensic Enginee ing, B no Uni e is y o Technology, B no, Czech epublic
Abs ac
In elligen T anspo a ion Sys em is one o he concep s o mode n sus ainable anspo in Sma Ci ies, which inc eases low and
sa e y o oad a ic wi h use o in o ma ion and communica ion echnologies. The use o sma echnologies such as In e ne o
Things, BigDa a, A i icial In elligence and so on, equi es s eng hening o e en c ea ing a new communica ion in as uc u e in
he ield o a ic. This pape discusses he isks o ITS implemen a ion by analyzing he cu en s a e, iden i ying he key isk
ac o s and showing possibili ies in educ ion o hese isk using sys em me hodology. I can be assumed ha his ans o ma ion
will be ime-consuming, no only in policy and cons uc ion a eas, bu also in pu ing hese sys ems in o ope a ion. In his mean ime,
when sma and non-sma sys ems will come in con ac , he e should be expec ed isk si ua ions, ha could cause di icul ies o
la ge-scale ITS o eme ge, o example o la ge ci ies. An impo an pa is also ea ly awa eness o he popula ion which is a ec ed
by he si ua ion o pu ing he sys em in o ope a ion, especially ainings o p o essional d i e s. A pa icipan in a ic, who a e
no a ec ed by sma echnologies as so-called “in e ne gene a ion“ should be aken in o accoun , as possible sou ce o isk
si ua ions. De e mining he po en ial isks on all he abo e-men ioned case is a cu en p oblem because o he apid de elopmen
and onse o ITS.
© 2020 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie L d. This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license
(h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he scien i ic commi ee o TIS ROMA 2019
Keywo ds: In elligen T anspo a ion Sys em; Sma Ci ies; Risk Iden i ica ion
1. In oduc ion
In elligen anspo a ion sys ems such as anspo elema ics sys ems combine in o ma ion and communica ion
echnology and anspo enginee ing, including o he suppo i e sec o s such as economics, anspo heo y,
au omo i e enginee ing, e c. The combina ion o hese a eas is designed o imp o e exis ing anspo in as uc u e
* Co esponding au ho . Tel.: +420-606-293-326.
E-mail add ess: michal.u banek@usi. u b .cz
A ailable online a www.sciencedi ec .com
ScienceDi ec
T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 00 (2019) 000–000
www.else ie .com/loca e/p ocedia
2352-1465 © 2020 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie L d. This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license
(h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he scien i ic commi ee o TIS ROMA 2019
AIIT 2nd In e na ional Cong ess on T anspo In as uc u e and Sys ems in a changing wo ld
(TIS ROMA 2019), 23 d-24 h Sep embe 2019, Rome, I aly
Risk iden i ica ion o implemen a ion o ITS o eal a ic
Michal U baneka,*, Vladimi Adameca, Ba bo a Schulle o aa, Ji i Kohou eka
aIns i u e o Fo ensic Enginee ing, B no Uni e is y o Technology, B no, Czech epublic
Abs ac
In elligen T anspo a ion Sys em is one o he concep s o mode n sus ainable anspo in Sma Ci ies, which inc eases low and
sa e y o oad a ic wi h use o in o ma ion and communica ion echnologies. The use o sma echnologies such as In e ne o
Things, BigDa a, A i icial In elligence and so on, equi es s eng hening o e en c ea ing a new communica ion in as uc u e in
he ield o a ic. This pape discusses he isks o ITS implemen a ion by analyzing he cu en s a e, iden i ying he key isk
ac o s and showing possibili ies in educ ion o hese isk using sys em me hodology. I can be assumed ha his ans o ma ion
will be ime-consuming, no only in policy and cons uc ion a eas, bu also in pu ing hese sys ems in o ope a ion. In his mean ime,
when sma and non-sma sys ems will come in con ac , he e should be expec ed isk si ua ions, ha could cause di icul ies o
la ge-scale ITS o eme ge, o example o la ge ci ies. An impo an pa is also ea ly awa eness o he popula ion which is a ec ed
by he si ua ion o pu ing he sys em in o ope a ion, especially ainings o p o essional d i e s. A pa icipan in a ic, who a e
no a ec ed by sma echnologies as so-called “in e ne gene a ion“ should be aken in o accoun , as possible sou ce o isk
si ua ions. De e mining he po en ial isks on all he abo e-men ioned case is a cu en p oblem because o he apid de elopmen
and onse o ITS.
© 2020 The Au ho s. Published by Else ie L d. This is an open access a icle unde he CC BY-NC-ND license
(h ps://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Pee - e iew unde esponsibili y o he scien i ic commi ee o TIS ROMA 2019
Keywo ds: In elligen T anspo a ion Sys em; Sma Ci ies; Risk Iden i ica ion
1. In oduc ion
In elligen anspo a ion sys ems such as anspo elema ics sys ems combine in o ma ion and communica ion
echnology and anspo enginee ing, including o he suppo i e sec o s such as economics, anspo heo y,
au omo i e enginee ing, e c. The combina ion o hese a eas is designed o imp o e exis ing anspo in as uc u e
* Co esponding au ho . Tel.: +420-606-293-326.
E-mail add ess: michal.u banek@usi. u b .cz
788 Michal U banek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 45 (2020) 787–794
U bánek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 00 (2019) 000–000
in o de o inc ease anspo e iciency, sa e y and anspo com o . Se ices, ha a ic elema ics o e s, by sou ce
SDT (2018) can be di ided in o se e al le els:
 Passenge and d i e se ices
 In as uc u e manage se ices
 Se ices o anspo ope a o s
 Public adminis a ion se ices
 Rescue sys em se ices
 Se ices o inancial and con ol ins i u ions
Connec ing he indi idual se ices, an in o ma ion s uc u e ex ension is c ea ed ha will enable a ic managemen
simila o p oduc ion managemen (logis ics). In his case, bene i s will be de i ed no only o anspo elema ics
use s, i.e. passenge s, d i e s and ca ie s, bu also s akeholde s in e ms o acili a ing he pe o mance o he s a e
anspo policy o mo e p o i able in es men s a egies. In addi ion, he in e connec ion will o e p i a e sec o
en y in o anspo in as uc u e. Howe e , he ques ion is whe he his combina ion will only b ing posi i e o
nega i e e ec s on anspo elema ics, and whe he hese nega i es can be e ealed be o e he ac ual implemen a ion
o elema ics sys ems in o ac ual ope a ion (SDT, 2018).
2. Cu en s a e o implemen a ion
Cu en ly, he concep o coope a i e elema ics sys ems (C-ITS) is eme ging in he Eu opean Union, ex ending he
basic idea o ITS owa ds mu ual communica ion be ween uni s in indi idual ehicles and anspo in as uc u e (C-
Roads Czech Republic, 2018).
In o ma ion ans e is acili a ed by wi eless communica ion echnologies such as Wi-Fi, LTE, ZigBee and o he
ansmission echnologies ha a e essen ial in he In e ne o Things (IoT). Acco ding o he way o communica ion,
C-ITS can be di ided in o he ollowing ca ego ies:
 Vehicle- ehicle (V2V)
 Vehicle-in as uc u e (V2I)
 In as uc u e- ehicle (I2V)
 In as uc u e-in as uc u e (I2I)
In some cases, ca ego ies V2V and V2I a e ma ked as Ca -X (C2X).
C-ITS echnologies ha e al eady been de eloped in esea ch p ojec s and ha e been o a e being es ed in pilo s udies
(Da a Linking Vehicles, 2017). Much o he a ic elema ics is al eady s anda dized. ITS Technical Commi ees (ISO
/ TC 204, 2019) dealing wi h ITS p esen 261 published ISO s anda ds and 82 s anda ds ha a e being de eloped, and
among hem co-ope a i e sys ems (C-ITS) s anda ds.
Among o he p ojec s, s anda diza ion was suppo ed by COMeSa e y2 (COMeSa e y2, 2010), which used EU-US
coope a ion o enhance suppo o he implemen a ion and possible de elopmen o ac i e C-ITS sa e y sys ems.
Michal U banek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 45 (2020) 787–794 789
U bánek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 00 (2019) 000–000
The Ne he lands, Ge many and Aus ia a e pa icipa ing in he Eu opean Union's co-ope a i e sys ems, wo king
oge he o c ea e an in e na ional ITS co ido be ween he ci ies o Ro e dam, F ank u and Vienna. Two ITS
se ices a e used, namely oadwo k on highway wa ning and p obe da a collec ion, i.e. da a om ehicles (loca ion,
speed ec o , accele a ion ec o , wea he condi ions, e c.). All he in o ma ion is ans e ed om on boa d uni
(OBU) o a oad side uni (RSU) using 5.9GHz wi eless ansmission (ETSI G5) and hen sen o con ol cen e s whe e
in o ma ion is used o wa n d i e s o o dynamically con ol a ic low (Da a-linked ehicles, 2017). This da a low
is desc ibed in he ollowing igu e (C-Roads Czech Republic, 2018).
In Czech Republic he C-ROADS Czech Republic p ojec (C-Roads Czech Republic, 2018), based on he C-Roads
in e na ional pla o m, ocuses p ima ily on ha moniza ion and coope a ion in he implemen a ion o C-ITS in
Eu opean Membe S a es. I is no only abou he in oduc ion o C-ITS on mo o ways, bu also on he backbone
ansi ou es in ci ies. Speci ically, implemen a ion is cu en ly being acked a six loca ions ac oss he coun y:
 P ague Ci y Ci cui (DT0)
 B no agglome a ion (DT1)
 Ci y o B no (DT2)
 Mo o ways D1, D5, D11 and D52 (DT3)
 Public T anspo o he Ci y o Os a a and Pilsen (DT4)
 Railway C ossings in he Pa dubice Region (DT5)
Fig. 1. Da a low o C-ITS (C-Roads Czech Republic, 2018; edi ed by he au ho )
790 Michal U banek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 45 (2020) 787–794
U bánek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 00 (2019) 000–000
In gene al, he implemen a ion o ITS sys ems can be di ided in o ou basic phases, he e o e he con ibu ion o
indi idual ime phases o he use o se ices being desc ibed in igu e 2. Ini ially, senso ics p obing will be in ol ed
ha will send he measu ed in o ma ion o bo h con ol cen e s and d i e s, bu decisions will always be on use s.
O e ime, he e will be mo e au onomy and he in o ma ion will be ans e ed be ween ehicles and in as uc u e
so ha he OBU o RSU will make o e all managemen decisions. Howe e , i he co ec and imely implemen a ion
o C-ITS sys ems is no ensu ed, he sys ems will no be eliable, sa e and he e o e less in e es ing o he public.
These ac s could slow down he deploymen o sys ems (Sjobe g, e al., 2017).
The ITS se ices (C-ROADS, 2016) ha a e planned o deploymen and es ing (DT) in his p ojec include:
 Road wo ks ale s
 In o ma ion in ehicle
 Vehicle p obe da a
 In o ma ion abou slow and s anding ehicles
 Wa ning o IRS ehicles
 T a ic jam ale
 T a ic ligh s iola ion con ol
 Public anspo p e e ence
 Wa ning o dange ous a eas
 Wea he in o ma ion
 In o ma ion on ailway le el c ossing
Fig. 2. In og aphic o implemen a ion le el and phases (Sjobe g, e al. 2017; edi ed by he au ho )
Michal U banek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 45 (2020) 787–794 791
U bánek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 00 (2019) 000–000
3. Iden i ica ion o key isk ac o s
Iden i ica ion o key isk ac o s helps o iden i y ba ie s o ITS sys ems implemen a ion. I s applica ion is sui able
be o e deploying hese sys ems in o ac ual ope a ion. In such a case, i is possible o include a isk ac o in he p ojec
in o de o educe he isk ac o . This will acili a e sys em deploymen and inc ease ITS secu i y and eliabili y. A
simila app oach has al eady been aken in he CVIS p ojec , whe e non- echnical p oblems ha e been examined ha
could c ea e ba ie s o he sa e and success ul deploymen o CVIS i sel , bo h in e ms o isk iden i ica ion and
accoun abili y analysis. Using he b ains o ming me hod, a da abase o isks and h ea s has been c ea ed, di ided in o
se e al ca ego ies (CVIS, 2009).
The case s udy (Bus Ka o 2.0, 2019) on he implemen a ion o ITS in u ban bus anspo al eady highligh s he ac
ha poo ha moniza ion be ween he in ol ed pa ies can cause o al ITS collapse and mal unc ion. I also poin s o
o he isk ac o s ha may appea when deploying:
 Lack o esou ces o ope a ion and main enance
 Lack o echnical capaci y o con ol cen e s o analyze in o ma ion
 Lack o knowledge o he ci y abou ITS in he p ocu emen o p i a e sec o
 Fa o ing low-p iced public p ocu emen a he han quali y ones
3.1. Me hodology
This a icle ocuses p ima ily on iden i ying key implemen a ion isks in he a eas o ITS own in as uc u e, sma
and non-sma echnology compa ibili y, sys ems knowledge o use s, especially p o essional d i e s, logis ics
companies and use s ou side he so-called In e ne gene a ion (iGen). To iden i y isks, he "Wha -i analysis" me hod
was chosen, which is an analy ical me hod o iden i ying po en ial isks and assessing po en ial impac s. The
me hodology is based on he de ini ion o al eady men ioned a eas o in e es and he de ini ion o a ge in e es s
h ough he gene a ion o ques ions and answe s (ISO 31000: Risk managemen , 2018).
3.2. Resul s
The esul s a e eco ded in he o m o ques ions and answe s o he ables. These a e di ided in o ou g oups o a eas
o in e es :
 ITS in as uc u e
 Use s – p o essional d i e s
 Use s – logis ic companies/ca ie s
 Use s ou o iGen
The answe s poin o possible impac s in he implemen a ion o indi idual isk ac o s.

792 Michal U banek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 45 (2020) 787–794
U bánek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 00 (2019) 000–000
Table 1. A ea o in e es s – ITS in as uc u e
Wha i ?
Answe
Wi ed ansmission equi ed by sys ems
New in as uc u e cons uc ion equi ed
Financial una ailabili y o ci ies
Incomple e implemen a ion o ITS (busy sec ions only), insu icien a ic in o ma ion
Low eliabili y o sys ems
F equen aul s a es, necessa y main enance, economically disad an ages
So wa e will o en equi e upda es
Ins abili y o he sys ems in he implemen a ion, possibly a compa ibili y e o , a
possible educ ion in secu i y
Fails o ensu e sys em compa ibili y om di e en
endo s
C-ITS elemen s connec ion ailu e, sys em will lose coope a ion
Insu icien s anda diza ion o deploymen s /
elemen s / sys ems
Incompa ible sys ems
Insu icien p o ec ion agains misuse
F equen a acks, possible loss o in o ma ion, misuse o da a and sys ems
Poo p ocedu es o implemen a ion
Chaos, educed o los sys em unc ionali y
Insu icien con ol cen es
In alid ecep ion and p ocessing o in o ma ion, sys em o e load
C ea ing complex sys ems
Poo con ol, managemen , suscep ibili y o di icul o de ec e o s
Faul y / inadequa e da a o eal si ua ion
In luencing eedback, dynamic guidance
Insu icien in as uc u e co e age
I ele an s a is ical da a
S ong elec omagne ic ields a e c ea ed
A ec ing elec omagne ic-sensi i e de ices, signal in e e ence
Inconsis ency o elema ics and physical a ic
signs
posi ion o he d i e in an unce ain si ua ion
Table 2. A ea o in e es s – use s (p o essional d i e s)
Wha i ?
Answe
Insu icien aining o d i e s on new sys ems and
legisla ion
Low usabili y o elemen s and educed sys em e iciency, negligen iola ion o
law
The d i e elies only on ITS sys ems
In places wi hou ITS he d i e loses mind ulness o ex e nal s imuli
The d i e does no ely on sys ems a all
Reduced ITS e iciency
Insu icien p o ec ion o d i e in o ma ion
The o pe sonal in o ma ion
D i e o ced o use C-ITS
Need o aining, economic bu den
Low eliabili y o sys ems
Reduced ITS e iciency, posi ion o he d i e ha elies only on ITS in an
unce ain si ua ion
So wa e will o en equi e upda es
Financial demands, possible educ ion o sa e y, mo e equen aining
Table 3. A ea o in e es s – use s (logis ic companies/ca ie s)
Wha i ?
Answe
Insu icien aining o d i e s on new sys ems and legisla ion
Economic bu den, educed ITS e iciency
Sys ems will no be cos e ec i e
Low elemen usabili y and educed sys em e iciency
The ca ie elies only on ITS sys ems
Suscep ibili y o sys em ou ages
The o ca ie in o ma ion
Ma ke abuse
Ca ie o ced o use C-ITS
Need o aining, economic bu den
Low eliabili y o sys ems
Reduced wo k e iciency, mo e logis ical demands
So wa e will o en equi e upda es
Financial demands, mo e equen aining equi ed (d i e s / dispa che s)
Table 4. A ea o in e es s – use s ou side in e ne gene a ion
Wha i ?
Answe
Use s o e loaded wi h ehicle in o ma ion (no use - iendly)
Wo se ina en ion, acciden a e
Re usal o adap , mis us in ITS
Low elemen usabili y and educed sys em e iciency
Fea o s ealing in o ma ion and acking
Low elemen usabili y and educed sys em e iciency
Use s o ced o use C-ITS
Misuse o sys ems, low amilia i y
Low eliabili y o sys ems
Rapid loss o con idence in ITS
So wa e will o en equi e upda es
Misuse o sys ems, low amilia i y
Michal U banek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 45 (2020) 787–794 793
U bánek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 00 (2019) 000–000
The analysis shows ha he isks a ising om he deploymen o C-ITS sys ems a e no only in he a ea o
communica ion be ween he componen s o he sys em ha is mos analyzed in he s udies. Howe e , he e a e also
isk ac o s o sys em eliabili y, s anda diza ion and ha moniza ion o implemen a ion p ocedu es. In case o
insu icien co e age o ITS se ices, da a may be a ec ed, which is comple ely inadmissible a an ad anced s age o
au onomy. In he ca ego ies o use s (p o essional d i e s / ca ie s), he isk ac o is missing o insu icien aining
o d i e s and dispa che s, which would educe he e iciency o he use o ITS and hence he posi i e impac o hese
sys ems. Ano he impo an isk ac o is he p o ec ion o da a and in o ma ion abou bo h he d i e and he anspo
company i sel . This is now a key equi emen associa ed wi h he implemen a ion o he GDPR. I is also necessa y
o elimina e he possibili y o misuse o acqui ed da a in a ma ke abuse. Fo less expe ienced use s ou side he so-
called in e ne gene a ion, isk ac o s can be expec ed o be associa ed wi h ei he use o e load wi h in o ma ion
om he ITS o e usal by he use o adap o ITS deploymen . Reducing sys em e iciency can also cause use
conce ns abou he o pe sonal da a (as well as p o essional d i e s) and ea o being acked so-called he Big
B o he phenomenon (Zu eik, Sal e , 2005).
4. Possible p ecau ion
In all he cases men ioned abo e, he e may be se ious complica ions in implemen ing ITS sys ems. This could
ul ima ely lead o a slowdown in he de elopmen o hese sys ems and a educ ion in hei use o inc ease anspo
sus ainabili y. The lis o isk ac o s implies ha ITS needs o be s anda dized a bo h na ional and in e na ional le els,
especially o compa ibili y o indi idual sys ems. The aim should be o c ea e a single ITS sys em o bo h s a es and
manu ac u e s and se ice p o ide s. This p ecau ion would consequen ly simpli y he necessa y aining o
p o essional d i e s and ca ie s. A key ac o is also ea ly awa eness o o he use s, a ic pa icipan s, wi h a
pa icula ocus on less expe ienced use s and use s ou side he In e ne gene a ion. Finally, he uni ica ion o he
sys ems would also enable he ITS deploymen p ocess o be ha monized.
5. Conclusion
C-ITS is a e y ac ual issue. Mos o he p ojec s deal mainly wi h i s posi i e impac on anspo sus ainabili y and
he associa ed imp o emen o se ices o use s. Howe e , he pilo s udies men ioned in his a icle sugges ha ITS
sys ems may no always only imp o e he si ua ion when used poo ly. In o de o make he deploymen o ITS sys ems
as e ec i e as possible, i is also necessa y o ocus mo e on he associa ed isk ac o s. In his pape , only a na ow
a ea o key isk ac o s ha can be e lec ed in he implemen a ion o ITS is men ioned, bo h in he a ea o own
anspo elema ics in as uc u e and in he use a ea. Because C-ITS is in he ea ly s ages o implemen a ion, i
appea s necessa y o pe o m a comp ehensi e isk analysis o all a ailable pilo s udies ha could al eady be based
on quan i a i e analy ical me hods. This analysis could hen be used o c ea e a uni o m ITS isk assessmen
me hodology.
Re e ences
Bus Ka o 2.0: Case S udies om India, 2019. The HUB [online]. [ci . 2019-03-16]. A ailable om: h ps://w ici ieshub.o g/online-publica ions/52-
challenges-i s-implemen a ion
COMeSa e y2, 2010. ECoMo e: Coope a i e mobili y sys ems and se ices o ene gy e iciency [online]. ERTICO - ITS EUROPE [ci . 2019-03-
13]. A ailable om: h p://www.ecomo e-p ojec .eu/links/comesa e y/
C-Roads Czech Republic [online], 2018. [ci . 2019-03-02]. A ailable om: h ps://c- oads.cz. (In Czech)
C-ROADS: he pla o m o ha monised c-i s deploymen in eu ope [online], 2016. Vienna: Aus iaTech [ci . 2019-03-14]. A ailable om:
h ps://www.c- oads.eu/pla o m.h ml
CVIS: Coope a i e Vehicle-In as uc u e Sys ems [online], 2009. ERTICO [ci . 2019-03-19]. A ailable om: h p://www.c isp ojec .o g
Da o ě p opojená ozidla (C-ITS), 2017. Český kosmický po ál [online]. Odbo ITS, kosmických ak i i a VaVaI, koo dinační ada minis e s a
dop a y p o kosmické ak i i y [ci . 2019-03-02]. A ailable om: h p://www.czechspacepo al.cz/3-sekce/i s---in eligen ni-dop a ni-
sys emy/oblas i- oz oje-i s/da o e-p opojena- ozidla-c-i s/. (In Czech)
ISO 31000, Risk managemen , 2018. In e na ional O ganiza ion o S anda diza ion.
794 Michal U banek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 45 (2020) 787–794
U bánek e al. / T anspo a ion Resea ch P ocedia 00 (2019) 000–000
ISO/TC 204: In elligen anspo sys ems, 2019. In e na ional O ganiza ion o S anda diza ion [online]. [ci . 2019-03-14]. A ailable om:
h ps://www.iso.o g/commi ee/54706.h ml
SDT: Sd užení p o dop a ní elema iku [online], 2018. [ci . 2019-03-02]. A ailable om: h p://www.sd .cz/in o.php?id=1. (In Czech)
SJOBERG, Ka in, Pe e ANDRES, Teodo BUBURUZAN a Achim BRAKEMEIER, 2017. Coope a i e In elligen T anspo Sys ems in Eu ope:
Cu en Deploymen S a us and Ou look. In: IEEE Vehicula Technology Magazine. 12(2), s. 89-97. DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2017.2670018. ISSN
1556-6072. A ailable om: h p://ieeexplo e.ieee.o g/documen /7911287/
ZUREIK, Elia a Ma k B. SALTER, 2005. Global su eillance and policing: bo de s, secu i y, iden i y. Po land, O e.: Willan. ISBN 184392160X.