ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
Publishe
h p://jssidoi.o g/esc/home
118
INNOVATION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES IN RELATION
TO BUSINESS PORTFOLIO
*
Milan Talíř ¹*, Ja mila S ako á ²
1 B no Uni e si y o Technology Facul y, Ins i u e o Managemen , Kolejní 2906/4, B no, 612 00, Czech Republic)
2 Ins i u e o Technology and Business in Ceske Budejo ice, Ok užní 517, 370 01 České Budějo ice
E-mails:1* 252620@ u b .cz (Co esponding au ho ); 2 [email p o ec ed].cz
Recei ed 18 Janua y 2023; accep ed 8 May 2023; published 30 June 2023
Abs ac . The pape is aimed a he inno a ion p ocess in he con ex o he business po olio o mic o-en e p ises. This ype o companies
is ypical o and p e alen in he sou he n egion o he Czech Republic, and he p esen ed conclusions ha e gene al alidi y. A newly
de eloped me hod o assessing he inno a i e echnological po en ial o en e p ises called "Business echnology assessmen sys em"
(BTAS), wi h he con ibu ion o "C i e ia analysis o sys ems". The esea ch answe s he ques ion, wha economic e iciency can
inno a ions in he p oduc ion p ocess b ing o SMEs dealing wi h cus om manu ac u ing in he enginee ing sec o . Technological
backwa dness including co po a e in as uc u e was p o en. Companies compensa e o his sho coming by an inc eased ocus on
sa is ying cus ome needs and a high deg ee o lexibili y and inno a ion in p oduc ion. F om he poin o iew o p oduc ion p ocesses,
he e is a high deg ee o in e connec edness be ween indi idual ope a ions and sub-p ocesses. The business po olio o mos o hese
companies is disp opo iona ely b oad, and his is e lec ed in he nega i e indings in e ms o he disp opo iona e numbe o me hods and
echnologies ha hese companies possess, bu do no ully u ilize. Such beha iou o he companies can be explained by he absence o
ac i e c ea ion and upda ing o business s a egy. The economic e alua ion o he inno a i e p ocess (BTAS) p o ed ha he e y
implemen a ion o inno a ions did no lead o a majo inc ease in he p o i ma gin. The si ua ion was di e en when e alua ing he
bene i s o he digi iza ion p ocess, which b ough an inc ease in sales and co po a e ma gins. A comple ely new inding has been
demons a ed, i.e., i a company has unused equipmen which b ings oppo uni y cos s as well, i is possible o c ea e space o inno a ion
by emo ing i , and a he same ime he sale o equipmen can be a signi ican inancial con ibu o o inno a ion.
Keywo ds: s a egic managemen ; inno a ion, indus y; p oduc ion p ocess; BTAS.
Re e ence o his pape should be made as ollows: Talíř, M., S ako á, J. 2023. Inno a ion o he p oduc ion p ocess o enginee ing
companies in ela ion o business po olio. En ep eneu ship and Sus ainabili y Issues, 10(4), 118-134.
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
JEL Classi ica ions: M11, M21, O14
Addi ional disciplines: in o ma ion and communica ion, in o ma ics. cons uc ion enginee ing
*
This pape has been p epa ed as a pa o in e nal esea ch compe i ion a he depa men o managemen o 2022
en i led: “A new app oach in he gene a ion o co po a e (business) s a egy based on he pa ame e iza ion o business
p ocesses“. PID: IVSUPS004.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
119
1. In oduc ion
Companies a e cons an ly in e ac ing wi h he en i onmen in which hey ope a e. They a e exposed o s imuli
ha equi e hei immedia e eac ions. One way o espond o hese s imuli is inno a ion. The a ea in which
companies can imp o e is speci ic o each business wi h espec o i s size, ocus and capaci y capabili ies. I is
possible o imp o e p oduc s (p oduc s, se ices), p ocesses (e.g. p oduc ion p ocess by changing p oduc ion
echnology), logis ics (ma e ial low) o a eas in he o ganiza ion and managemen o he company (choice o
s a egy, change o o ganiza ional s uc u e, choice o in o ma ion ool such as in e nal so wa e - low o
in o ma ion, so skills o manage s, e c.). Al hough nowadays companies a e allowed o o e a ange o
accompanying se ices, he mos impo an hings o cus ome s in he enginee ing indus y s ill emain quali y,
p ice and ime o implemen a ion. This iple impe a i e c ea es cons an compe i i e p essu e and ep esen s an
oppo uni y o be e p epa ed compe i o s. G owing compe i ion o ces companies o cons an ly inno a e and
hus espond o dynamic changes aking place especially in he ex e nal business en i onmen . Some companies
ace his p essu e wi hou p oblems, o he s, less inancially s ong and compe i i e ones, may succumb o his
inc easing p essu e. Fo companies o be compe i i e and achie e excep ional pe o mance, i is essen ial o ha e
a "good" s a egy and a ailo ed alue chain. The issue o he inno a ion po en ial o small and medium-sized
enginee ing en e p ises (SMEs) will be deal wi h, wi h a ocus on he p oduc ion p ocess, i s inno a ion, and in
connec ion wi h he business po olio o hese companies. In o de o achie e he se goal, esea ch ques ions
we e o mula ed. They aim o de e mine he economic e iciency associa ed wi h he inno a ion o he p oduc ion
p ocess and o ind wha economic bene i is gene a ed om he in oduc ion o digi iza ion in o he p oduc ion
p ocess. Following he esea ch ques ions, he s udy cap u es a iew o he business en i onmen and aspec s
ela ed o he inno a ions o bo h he p oduc ion p ocess and he business po olio h ough he p ism o he
company. The e o e, he aim o he pape will be o iden i y and e alua e he inno a ion po en ial o small and
medium-sized enginee ing en e p ises wi h a ocus on he p oduc ion p ocess wi h ega d o hei business
po olio. Based on he aim o his s udy, he ollowing esea ch ques ions we e o mula ed:
RQ1: Wha economic e iciency can inno a ions in he p oduc ion p ocess b ing o SMEs dealing wi h cus om
manu ac u ing in he enginee ing sec o .
RQ2: Wha economic bene i does he in oduc ion o digi iza ion in o he p oduc ion p ocess gene a e in SMEs
dealing wi h cus om manu ac u ing in he enginee ing sec o .
2. Theo e ical backg ound
Wi h he beginning o he 21s cen u y, issues o e iciency, s abili y and g ow h a e coming o he o e in he
co po a e sphe e, including SMEs. The e a e a lo o inancial echniques and indica o s ha add ess his issue in
his se ing (Ho ák e al., 2020). G owing supply is a key elemen o oday's ma ke , which implies ha supply
equen ly su passes demand in many a eas. As a esul , i ms con on in ense compe i ion in hei daily
ope a ions (Kollmann and Dob o ič, 2022; Sol es & Ga u o a, 2015). This end is e lec ed in he wo ks o bo h
domes ic and o eign au ho s (Heekyung, 2015; Ci elek e . al. 2020; K ajcik, 2021). One o he main ools o
ul il he abo e-men ioned goals is o ensu e pe manen and e ec i e inno a ion o business p ocesses (K ugman,
Obs eld and Meli z, 2015; Heekyung, 2015). In gene al, he inno a ion p ocess can be ancho ed in he business
en i onmen in wo le els. The i s can be cha ac e ized as an ope a ion-p ocess a ea, he second is a
managemen and o ganiza ional a ea. Despi e ex ensi e esea ch on inno a ion pe o mance ela ionships,
p e ious s udies ha e ocused mainly on echnological inno a ion, lea ing he e ec s o o ganiza ional
inno a ion ela i ely unexplo ed (Aza a Ciabuschi, 2017; Al-Omoush e al., 2022; Ska e and Po ada Rochon,
2022). I is always necessa y o look a inno a ions no only om he poin o iew o wha hey essen ially ela e
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
120
o, bu i is also impo an o pe cei e he links o he o e all business sys em (S e nad e al., 2019; Owalla e al.,
2021). Acco ding o Ghezzi e al. (2020) inno a ion begins wi h he disco e y o p oblems and he sea ch o
inno a ion oppo uni ies h ough he acquisi ion and classi ica ion o knowledge. The au ho s s a e ha based on
his knowledge, companies subsequen ly de e mine he di ec ion, goal and app oach o inno a ion. In he con ex
o unp edic able changes (e.g., he Co id-19 pandemic), no only cus ome beha iou changes (see Sagapo a and
Dušek, 2021; Dušek and Sagapo a, 2022; Konečný, Kos iuk and Ruschak, 2022; Pollák e al., 2022; Pollák e al.,
2021; Xiao e al., 2022; Wang e al., 2022; Ska e and Ribe io So iano, 2022), bu as Ash a i e al. (2019) also
s a e, only such companies ha a e inno a i e and a he same ime s a egically o ien ed and managed ha e
inc eased esis ance o c isis phenomena and a e looking o new ways o achie e pe manen economic p ospe i y.
The in oduc ion o a mechanism o egula e alua ion o he company's posi ion will make i possible o iden i y
po en ial p oblems in business ac i i y al eady in he ini ial s ages, which will allow he companies o de elop and
implemen a se o inno a i e measu es o sol e p oblems and o neu alize hem (Tyukh enko e al., 2021;
Phade m od, C owde and Wills, 2019). As epo ed by Wu e al. (2022), he company's human esou ces play an
i eplaceable ole in he inno a ion p ocess, and he applica ion o he p inciples o socially esponsible beha iou
is inc easingly ele an . Fo indus ial p oduc ion companies, especially SMEs, he business po olio and
dis ibu ion channels a e an essen ial p o-g ow h ac o . Fo oudi e al., (2022) claim ha co po a e s a egy and
he a ea o inno a ion p ocesses o m he de elopmen base o an en e p ise and posi i ely in luence he p ocess
o co po a e ma gin and building he co po a e image, including he co po a e b and. Webe and Müßig (2022)
s a e ha he company's business s a egy, he basis o which is he business po olio, is a de e mining ac o o
bo h he quan i y and quali y o in o ma ion om he pe spec i e o isk ac o s. Hen y e al., (2020) p esen he
concep o a company's abso p i e capaci y as he abili y o ecognize he alue o new ex e nal in o ma ion, o
adop i and use i o business pu poses, including changing he business po olio. Companies wi h an
inno a ion-o ien ed s a egy epo mo e abou hei isk ac o s han companies wi h a de ensi e e iciency-
o ien ed s a egy (Pu o e al., 2021; Sol es & Ga u o a, 2014; Ga u o a e al. 2016). Webe and Müßig (2022)
men ion ha business s a egy in luences co e age o majo isk opics and c ea es a amewo k o inno a ion
ac i i ies.
E ec i e inno a ions equi e aking in o accoun he sha ed alues o pa icipan s in inno a ion p ocesses,
whe eby alues a e unde s ood as subjec i e ideas abou wha is desi able (B eue and Luedeke-F eund, 2017).
To imp o e he quali y and e iciency o business p ocesses wi h a ocus on p oduc ion, Zuhai a and Ahmad
(2021) ecommend dis inguishing he p oduc ion p ocess i sel om he p ocess o seeking changes and om he
p ocess o e y change o he p oduc ion p ocess (Ližbě ino á e al., 2017). Con inuous p ocess imp o emen
begins wi h a desc ip ion o i s cu en s a e. This is ollowed by de e mina ion o moni o ed me ics, moni o ing
o p ocess ope a ion, measu emen o p ocess ope a ion. The inal poin is he design and implemen a ion o an
imp o emen , which is hen again a sou ce o new imp o emen s (Sjodin e al., 2020; Kljucniko , e . al., 2021).
In he case o business model inno a ions, Bocken, Nancy and Ge ad s (2020) and Podshi alo a and Alm shed
(2021) men ion ha business model inno a ions a e ex emely impo an , ye e y di icul o achie e. Ansha i
and Almunawa (2021) hypo hesize ha he e is a posi i e ela ionship be ween company digi al ecosys em
eadiness and SME adop ion o open inno a ions. The ou h indus ial e olu ion e e s o inno a ion and
ans o ma ion o p oduc ion p ocesses (Domanižo á, Janíčko á and Milicho ský, 2021). Veile e al. (2019) s a e
ha in o de o inno a e in he sense o he g adual implemen a ion o Indus y 4.0 elemen s, i is necessa y o
he o ganiza ional s uc u e o be cha ac e ized by a la hie a chy and decen alized decision-making, and agili y
needs o be suppo ed as well. A he same ime, he co po a e cul u e should be cha ac e ized by lexibili y,
openness, a willingness o lea n as well as en ep eneu ial spi i and a i udes. F ank e al. (2019) men ion a
g owing end in he inno a ion p ocess o se i iza ion. In oday's e a o high compe i ion, manu ac u ing
companies a e inc easingly o e ing impo an se ices as pa o hei p ocesses ha suppo cus ome
sa is ac ion wi h he p oduc i sel o he esul o he p e ious se ice. Se i iza ion includes, o example,
aining, main enance, o e haul o cus ome suppo . F ank e al. (2019) no e ha he e y change o p oduc ion
o ganiza ion owa ds he use o se i iza ion is a challenge. Sjodin e al. (2020) s a e ha in esponse o cus ome
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
121
demands o e e be e p oduc s and se ices, and in esponse o p e en ing he cus ome s om lea ing o he
compe i ion, companies con inuously wo k o imp o e hei p ocesses using mu ual ha mony. Knowing he
p ocesses and documen ing he changes is essen ial o hei imp o emen (Sjodin e al., 2020; Ko shuno ,
Kabano and Cehla , 2020).
The e y ac i a ion o inno a ion p ocesses in companies la gely depends on he abili y o he companies o
de elop hei in ellec ual po en ial (Kasych e al., 2021; Komang e al., 2022; Belas e al. 2023). The au ho s s a e
ha , pa adoxically, his in ellec ual capi al is no su icien ly app ecia ed by companies. Hwang and Kim (2021)
ind ha he in oduc ion o new Indus y 4.0 echnologies inc eases he p oduc i i y o small and medium-sized
en e p ises. The au ho s epo ha adop ion o hese echnologies inc eases he e iciency o he manu ac u ing
p ocess by mo e han 26 % on a e age compa ed o companies ha do no implemen hese echnologies. A he
same ime, he au ho s see digi al ans o ma ion as a unique oppo uni y o inc ease he p oduc i i y o small and
medium-sized en e p ises. Howe e , Fe dous and Ikeda (2022) also ound ha , based on s uc u al modelling o
he inno a ion p ocess, i can be concluded ha he size o he company aises he p obabili y o i s in ol emen
in new- o- he-ma ke inno a ions. In ela ion o employees, Su o and Takeha a (2022) s a e ha non-mone a y
ewa ds ac independen ly and syne gis ically wi h mone a y ewa ds o enhance employee mo i a ion o
inno a e, he eby inc easing he company alue. Companies ha apply hese p inciples will con inue o be
conside ed legi ima e i hey a e pe cei ed as socially embedded no only ex e nally bu also in e nally (Wu e al.,
2022). A p o-g ow h-o ien ed company assumes he in e sec ion o ho izon al and e ical in eg a ion. While he
e ical leads o eal mode niza ion and inno a ion o business p ocesses, ho izon al in eg a ion has he ask o
ensu ing he connec ion o he company wi h educa ional and esea ch ins i u ions, which is he essence o an
e ec i e inno a ion p ocess. When ying o ind an answe o he ques ion o how a company can ancho he
ideas o con inuous inno a ion among he basic company componen s, i is possible o use he CIPF model, he
au ho o which is p o esso Milan Zelený. Zelený s a es ha CIPF has 4 necessa y and ully su icien
componen s: C (cus ome ), I (inno a ion), P (p ocess), F ( inance), (Zelený, 2021). A numbe o au ho s,
including he au ho s o his pape , ecommend s a ing o connec he alue chain ho izon ally in o de o
implemen he elemen s o Indus y 4.0. To op imize p ocesses ac oss he en i e alue chain, i is necessa y o
ensu e he exchange o da a om cus ome s o supplie s and ice e sa (Veile e al., 2019). In he con ex o
digi iza ion, Ansha i and Almunawa (2021) and K aj (2022) men ion ha SMEs should be p o ec ed o ensu e
hei su i al. Mülle , Buliga and Voig (2021) as well as Nagy, Zábojník and Valasko a (2022) men ion ha
many bene i s o Indus y 4.0 will become a ailable o small and medium-sized en e p ises only i hey no only
use Indus y 4.0 echnologies, bu also inno a e hei business models o business po olio based on he
oppo uni ies b ough by hese inno a i e echnologies. Fe nandez-Vidal e al. (2022) and Somme e . al (2022)
s a e ha companies in hei ans o ma ion p ima ily choose combina ions o small ans o ma ional inno a ion
s a egies o achie e hei la ge ans o ma ional goals.
3. Resea ch objec i e and me hodology
Desc ip i e analysis – his me hod aims o iden i y he de e minan s o inno a ion po en ial o en e p ises h ough
obse a ion, measu ing, and in e iews. The e will be de e mined he essence o he p oblem and i s limi a ions.
The ocus will be on analysing he causes and mo i a ion o a company o inno a e o no o inno a e i s
p ocesses. Fu he mo e, he p oduc ion p ocess and he ela ed p ocesses will be analysed wi h ega d o he
business po olio o a model company. The e will also be pe o med an analysis o he de e minan s in luencing
he inno a ion o a p oduc ion p ocess and business s a egy o he company.
C i e ia analysis o sys ems – ex ac ion o da a om he p oduc ion p ocess. I is a quali a i e e alua ion o da a
acco ding o p ede e mined c i e ia. The e alua ion will be ca ied ou by assigning alues -1, 0 and 1 o a gi en
i em being e alua ed based on whe he i mee s (1) o does no mee (-1) a gi en c i e ion, o whe he he
in o ma ion canno be con i med o e i ied (0). In he case o a ze o o nega i e alue, he gi en i em will be
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
122
penalized in ac . Ano he c i e ion o he analysis is he signi icance o a gi en pa ame e o a gi en pu pose in
he o m o weigh coe icien . Weigh coe icien can be assigned he alues anging om 0.1 o1. Fo a clea
e alua ion, he esul o he analysis will be also g aphically ep esen ed.
Business echnology assessmen sys em – i is an assessmen sys em c ea ed by he au ho s. A ial e sion is in
MS Excel (see Table 1). The assessmen is ocused on he p opo ional use o echnology in a company in ela ion
o i s ull use, and i s possible a ac i eness o a cus ome . The p ac ical applica ion o his me hod consis s in
de e mining he deg ee o he company´s abili y o use his echnology, o i s possible use in u u e. The alues
assigned can ange om 0.1 o 1, whe e 0.1 co esponds o he minimum use o echnology. Value 1 hen e e s o
he maximum possible use o echnology which a gi en company is able o ensu e. The a ac i eness o he
echnology hen e lec s he cus ome ´s demand o he use o he gi en echnology. The possible alues ange
om 1 o 10 whe e 10 co esponds o he maximum demand o he gi en echnology.
Table 1. Gene al (me hodical) applica ion o he business echnology assessmen sys em (BTAS)
Sou ce: Au ho s
To ob ain ele an esul s, he alues we e symme ically di ided in o wo pa s. The e can hus be ou
al e na i e ou pu s: 1. To s op using he gi en echnology (usage < 0.55, a ac i eness < 5.5); 2. Conside u u e
elimina ion o inc ease in e es o Tu cus ome s o use he echnology (usage > 0.55, a ac i eness < 5.5); 3. To
de elop he echnology, s i e o i s inc eased usage, i.e., o inc ease machine hou ly a e, wo k wi h he ac i e
demand o a gi en se ice – ocus on echnology (usage < 0.55, a ac i eness >= 5.5); 4. To main ain and wo k
wi h he echnology wi hin he main ac i i y o he company ( a e g ow h) – ocus on echnology (usage > 0.55,
a ac i eness > 5.5).
Table 2. In e als o alues o making ecommenda ions in a gi en a ea
Sou ce: Au ho s

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
123
The concu ence o cu en ecommenda ions wi h he u u e ones enables o o mula e he esul ing e alua ion. I
he e is a di e ence, change is ecommended, which can be e alua ed as ollows: ex emely nega i e, s ongly
nega i e, nega i e, posi i e, s ongly posi i e, ex emely posi i e. I shall be also no ed ha e en nega i e
e alua ion o a gi en echnology may open new inno a i e oppo uni ies o he company.
Economic analysis – economic analysis will be used o he inancial e alua ion o he inno a ions implemen ed.
Fo i s e alua ion, he a e age payback pe iod will be used, as s a ed by Kislinge o á (2007). A e age payback
pe iod indica es he ime in which he in es men should be paid o conside ing a e age cash lows a ising om
he implemen a ion o he in es men .
whe e: C0 is he capi al in es ed
⌀ CF is he a e age low o unds a ising om in es men o i s planned economic li e
By in e ing a e age payback pe iod in pe cen age, i is possible o ob ain a e age pe cen age e u n. The alue
indica es he a e age annual pe cen age e u n on he amoun in es ed.
A simpli ied o m o payback pe iod no including he discoun coe icien will be used because he discoun
coe icien is always di icul o de e mine p ecisely o a small enginee ing company. Mo eo e , he economic
analysis shall include a p ocess o e alua e he change in ma gin and olume o sales. This e alua ion will be
ca ied ou by means o he a io and pe cen age inc ease in gi en pa ame e s in ela ion o hei indi idual ini ial
alues.
4. Resul s and Discussion
Speci ics and uniqueness o he ans o ma ion p ocess
P io o he ac ual analysis o ela ionship be ween he company´s business po olio and he inno a ion p ocess,
he speci ics and uniqueness o he co po a e ans o ma ion p ocess we e iden i ied. Pa o he company´s
success is i s speci ic app oach o cus ome s and a well- unc ioning o de c ea ion p ocess (see Table 3) whe e
cus ome awa eness and accep ance o u u e echnological p ocess is decisi e o he p oduc ion p ocess and
p icing.
Table 3. Diag am o o de c ea ion p ocess in a company
Sou ce: Au ho s
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
124
The s anda d p oduc ion p ocess akes place a poin 7 o poin 5. Gi en ha i is a unique mic o-en e p ise, a high
deg ee o in e dependence o indi idual ope a ions and subp ocesses ha e been iden i ied. This means ha
indi idual elemen s, such as logis ics, con ol, o cons uc ion design (i ca ied ou di ec ly a he wo kplace) a e
insepa able pa s o he p oduc ion p ocess.
Risks o ans o ma ion p ocess as a amewo k o inno a ion p ocess
In he con ex o he p oduc ion p ocesses, isks could be iden i ied ha a ec his p ocess. The mos signi ican
business isk is conside ed o be associa ed wi h he imp ope communica ion o in o ma ion. Wi hin he solu ion
p ocesses, he managemen o he company was p oposed o eplace manual in o ma ion eco ding wi h digi al
so wa e. Pa o he inno a ions in he model mic o-en e p ise was hus he implemen a ion o so wa e o o de
managemen and ex ac ion o da a om he p oduc ion p ocess. Wi hin he analysis o so wa e sui able o he
company, an ini ial lis o sys ems was compiled. The mapping o possible so wa e solu ions was p eceded by
de e mining 15 pa ame e s ha u he speci ied he sui abili y o he sys ems o hei possible implemen a ion in
he model company. The obse ed pa ame e s we e eco ding o de s, eco ding employee wo k on o de s,
eco ding o employee a endance, eco ding ma e ial consump ion in o de s, possibili y o da a expo and impo
( his is pa icula ly sui able o s ock and non-s ock i ems), in oicing op ions, p ice se ing o di e en hou ly
a es o employees and/o machines, basic inancial ools o e alua ion o cos and p o i abili y o o de s, he
possibili y o en o pu chase a licence (a pe manen licence), whe he suppo is p o ided and whe he i is ee,
possibili y o ob ain ha dwa e om he sys em supplie , and he possibili y o connec o o he sys ems h ough
API. Based on hese pa ame e s, he da a we e g aphically p ocessed (see G aph 1) o be able o clea ly assess he
sui abili y o a speci ic p oposed solu ion. The e alua ion was based on assigning alues -1, 0 and 1 o gi en
so wa e acco ding o whe he a gi e pa ame e mee s (1), does no mee (-1) he se c i e ia o whe he he
in o ma ion on he so wa e unc ion is no a ailable (0). This implies ha e en nega i e alues a e impo an o
he e alua ion. The e alua ion also included he weigh coe icien (0.1 - 1), which de e mines he signi icance o
indi idual obse ed c i e ia o he selec ed model company. He e, 1 indica es he highes weigh , while 0.1 he
lowes one. In he case o he mos obse ed pa ame e such as eco ding o de s, employee a endance, ma e ial
consump ion, and possibili y o da a expo and impo , he assigned weigh o hese unc ions was 1. When
compa ing he so wa e, he la es comme cial e sion wi h add-ons was conside ed, excep o he eMis sys em,
whe e add-ons go beyond he moni o ed a eas.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
125
Figu e 1. Resul s o compa a i e c i e ia analysis
Sou ce: Au ho s (assessed on he basis o publicly a ailable in o ma ion)
As seen om he abo e g aph, all sys ems can pe o m he unc ion o wo k eco ding. The only sys em ha
mee s all 6 weigh c i e ia is eMis . The second mos sui able sys em was “Zakázko ník”, which, unlike eMis ,
does no ha e he unc ion o da a impo , which ep esen s i s bigges ad an age o i s applica ion in he model
company. Fo implemen a ion, he eMis sys em was hus selec ed, as i enables nea ly 100% ansi ion o an
indus ial company om manual da a managemen o he digi al o m, and hus educes he necessa y
adminis a ion.
Solu ion o ha moniza ion o business po olio wi h business echnologies
As men ioned abo e, he company is cha ac e ized by a wide ange o p oduc ion echnologies and he
co esponding business po olio. This b ings along a isk o hei ull use, and i can hus be e y complica ed o
de e mine he bene i s o indi idual echnologies o he gi en company. Table 4 below shows he inpu alues,
ou pu ecommenda ions, and esul ing e alua ion on a ep esen a i e sample o echnologies in he model
company.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
126
Table 4. Technology e alua ion sys em in he model company ( ep esen a i e sample)
Sou ce: Au ho s
The able shows which echnologies we e ecommended o be phased ou om he business po olio (O he –
T uck li ).
Economic e alua ion o inno a ions in echnology
Economic e alua ion o he inno a ion p oposal o changes was ca ied ou in ela ion o he echnology
e alua ion sys em p oposed by esea che s o he implemen a ion o digi iza ion in he model company. Table 5
shows he balance o cos s o inno a ion and income om he sales o disca ded machines and s ock
Table 5. Balance o cos s o inno a ion and income om he sale o disca ded machine y and s ock
I em
P ice [CZK]
Cos s o implemen a ion o echnology changes (pu chase o machine y and so wa e)
517 550
Sale o s ock no ela ed o he new business po olio
-20 000
Sale o equipmen no ela ed o he new business po olio
-183 500
To al cos s [CZK]
314 050
Sou ce: Au ho s
The assessmen o e u n on in es men was pe o med using he a e age payback pe iod ( ) whe e he di e ence
be ween he annual amoun o labou cos sa ings a he same olume o p oduc ion and annual ixed cos s was
used as he cash low o in es men epaymen (CF):
Whe e: 81 328 CZK is he sum o he cons an annual cos sa ings a ising om implemen ed inno a ions.
15 000 CZK a e annual ixed cos s associa ed wi h inno a ion (cos s o machine y and equipmen
main enance)
The a e age pe cen age e u n ha indica es he pe cen age e u n in he model company esul ing om he
inno a ion implemen ed is de e mined as ollows:
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
133
S e nad, D., K enn, M. & Schmid, S. (2019), Business excellence o SMEs: mo i es, obs acles, and size- ela ed adap a ions. To al Quali y
Managemen & Business Excellence, 30(1-2), 151-168, h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/14783363.2017.1300054
Su o, M. & Takeha a, H. (2022). Employee-o ien ed co po a e social esponsibili y, inno a ion, and i m alue. Co po a e Social
Responsibili y and En i onmen al Managemen , 1-14. h ps://doi.o g/10.1002/cs .2232
Šol és, V., & Ga u o á, B. (2014). Inno a ion Policy as he Main Accele a o o Inc easing he Compe i i eness o Small and Medium-
sized En e p ises in Slo akia. Eme ging Ma ke s Que ies in Finance and Business (EMQ 2013), P ocedia Economics and Finance, 15,
1478-1485. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00614-5
Tyukh enko N. e al., (2021). Inno a i e App oaches o En e p ise Compe i i eness Assessmen . Ma ke ing and Managemen o
Inno a ions, 1, 278-289, h ps://doi.o g/10.21272/mmi.2021.1-21
Veile, J. e al., (2019). Lessons lea ned om Indus y 4.0 implemen a ion in he Ge man manu ac u ing indus y. Jou nal o Manu ac u ing
Technology Managemen , 31(5), 977-997, h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/JMTM-08-2018-0270
Xiao, A., Qin, Y., Xu, Z., & Ška e, M. (2022). Eme ging esea ch ends o o al quali y managemen in he COVID-19 pandemic: a
dynamic e olu ion analysis. Economic Resea ch-Ekonomska Is aži anja, 1-29. h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2140305
Wang, X., Qin, Y., Xu, Z., & Ška e, M. (2022). A look a he ocus shi in inno a ion li e a u e due o Co id-19 pandemic. Jou nal o
Business Resea ch, 145, 1-20. h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j.jbus es.2022.02.067
Webe , V. & Müßig, A., (2022). The E ec o Business S a egy on Risk Disclosu e. Accoun ing in Eu ope.
h ps://doi.o g/10.1080/17449480.2021.2018473
Wu, B. e al., (2022). Subs an ial esponse o imp ession managemen ? Compliance s a egies o sus ainable de elopmen esponsibili y in
amily i ms. Technological Fo ecas ing and Social Change, Else ie . 174(C). h ps://doi.o g/10.1016/j. ech o e.2021.121214
Zelený, M., (2021). En e ing he age o accele a ed change: In sea ch o equilib ium. Human Sys ems Managemen . 40(1), 3-14,
h ps://doi.o g/10.3233/HSM-209002
Zuhai a B. & Ahmad N. (2021). Business p ocess modeling, implemen a ion, analysis, and managemen : he case o business p ocess
managemen ools. Business P ocess Managemen Jou nal, 27(1), 145-183, h ps://doi.o g/10.1108/BPMJ-06-2018-0168
Funding: This pape has been p epa ed as a pa o in e nal esea ch compe i ion a he depa men o managemen o 2022
en i led: “A new app oach in he gene a ion o co po a e (business) s a egy based on he pa ame e iza ion o business
p ocesses“. PID: IVSUPS004.
Au ho Con ibu ions: Concep ualiza ion: Talíř, S ako á; me hodology: Talíř; da a analysis: Talíř, w i ing—o iginal d a
p epa a ion: Talíř, w i ing; e iew and edi ing: Talíř, S ako á; isualiza ion: Talíř. All au ho s ha e ead and ag eed o he
published e sion o he manusc ip .

ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES
ISSN 2345-0282 (online) h p://jssidoi.o g/jesi/
2023 Volume 10 Numbe 4 (June)
h p://doi.o g/10.9770/jesi.2023.10.4(8)
134
Milan TALÍŘ is doc o al s uden a he Ins i u e o Managemen , Uni e si y o Technology Facul y in B no, Kolejní 2906/4,
612 00, B no (Czech Republic). Resea ch in e es s: S a egic Managemen and business s a egy.
ORCID ID: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-6510-1297
Ja mila STRAKOVÁ, is he Associa e P o esso on he depa men o Co po a e s a egy, Ins i u e o Technology and
business in České Budějo ice, Ok užní 517/10, 37001 České Budějo ice (Czech Republic). Resea ch in e es s: S a egic and
alue managemen .
ORCID ID: h ps://o cid.o g/0000-0002-3048-3467
Make you esea ch mo e isible, join he Twi e accoun o ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES:
@En ep 69728810
Copy igh © 2023 by au ho (s) and VsI En ep eneu ship and Sus ainabili y Cen e
This wo k is licensed unde he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion In e na ional License (CC BY).
h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by/4.0/