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Jou nal o In o ma ion Sys ems Enginee ing and Managemen
2023, 8(1), 18756
e-ISSN: 2468-4376
h ps://www.jisem-jou nal.com/
Resea ch A icle
Design o a us sys em o e-comme ce pla o ms based
on quali y dimensions o linked open da ase s
Camilo Alejand o Valencia-Ma inez1, Paulo Alonso Gaona-Ga cía1 *, Ca los En ique
Mon eneg o-Ma in1
1 Uni e sidad Dis i al F ancisco José de Caldas, Colombia
*
Co esponding Au ho :
pagaonag@udis i al.edu.co
Ci a ion: Valencia-Ma inez, C. A., Gaona-Ga cía, P. A., & Mon eneg o-Ma in, C. E. (2023). Design o a us sys em o e-comme ce pla o ms
based on quali y dimensions o linked open da ase s. Jou nal o In o ma ion Sys ems Enginee ing and Managemen , 8(1), 18756.
.h ps://doi.o g/10.55267/iad .07.12741
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Recei ed: 31 Oc 2022
Accep ed: 23 Dec 2022
This a icle desc ibes a p oposal abou a us sys em o e-
comme ce pla o m based on seman ic web echnologies
and us dimensions ules. We y o expose a sys em ha allow o manage communica ion p ocesses be ween e-
comme ce pla o ms and use s in a us wo hy manne . I allows he da a lows and ansac ions gain mo e us
ac oss he en i e p ocess. All o his can be achie ed h ough he in e ence o ules exposed in he de ined on ology,
complemen ed by a cloud-
based sys em wi h mic ose ices a chi ec u e. Wi h he implemen a ion o he sys em
h ough an e-
comme ce pla o m, could consume da a om he mic ose ices in o de o ge in e ences abou i s
clien s ha wan o buy o sell some hing wi hin
i s sys em. This sys em was c ea ed based on ules de ined by he
on ology, as well as he mic ose ices could be used o egis e in o ma ion abou mul iple e-
comme ce ansac ions.
The esul o his wo k is he On ology and seman ic web ules de ined and implemen ed h ough p o ege.
Keywo ds: LOD, e-comme ce, seman ic web, mic ose ices, us dimensions, Web 3.0
INTRODUCTION
Th ough he con ingencies p esen ed in he Co id-19
pandemic, he e was a g ea explosion in he use o pla o ms
based on elec onic comme ce in all aspec s. Businesses ha
s ill did no manage hei ansac ions h ough he In e ne
ha e been o ced o s a Digi al ans o ma ion p ocesses. I is
known ha he e a e e-comme ce pla o ms whose owne is a
business ha sells goods and wan s o each i s cus ome s
di ec ly (B2C), as well as o he pla o ms ha p o ide hei
se ice as a channel whe e hei cus ome s can be bo h selle s
and buye s and p o ides an in e media y se ice be ween he
wo o ca y ou a ansac ion.
The g ow h ha has been aking place on he In e ne o
ca y ou ansac ional p ocesses in ol es a se ies o elemen s
ha allow he in eg a ion o s a egies om secu i y c i e ia
associa ed wi h he exchange o da a be ween clien s and
digi al comme ce, o measu ing he le els o epu a ion ha
each one can handle. o hese solu ions. I added o hese
c i e ia, we associa e he in luence ha he di e en channels
and social media mus expand co e age and isibili y o hese e-
comme ce s a egies, a se ies o ac o s associa ed wi h he
epu a ion le els o hese channels mus be conside ed, as well
as o each o hese ading pla o ms. Based on he secu i y
aspec s, solu ions based on single au hen ica ion a e being
es ablished, such as hose p oposed in (Alabi, Whi e, & Belo ,
2020), (Ku uwi aa achchi, Abeygunawa dena, Rupasingha, &
Uda a, 2019), (Wang, Zhao, & Zhong, 2019), o (Mahmood, 2009;
A ias-Ca acas, 2018). Howe e , he da a ha was gene a ed in
some elec onic comme ce es ablishmen s allows o ano he
p inciple o de e mine i s use and, wi hin p e iously es ablished
us c i e ia, can gene a e ce ain le els o eliabili y o he use
o hese ansac ional channels and acili a e pu chase p ocesses
h ough digi al pla o ms.
Based on his scena io, he g ow h o digi al pla o ms based
on e-comme ce, and he new so wa e applica ion solu ions
a ailable in he ma ke , his a icle aims o p esen a p oposal o
a model in o de o acili a e us ela ionships be ween clien s
Valencia-Ma inez C. e al. / J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG, 8(1), 18756
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and es ablishmen h ough e-comme ce pla o ms. The model
p oposed is h ough mechanisms based on p inciples o us
and open da a o all ansac ion p ocesses ca ied ou on
eme ging pla o ms. This wo k used a quasi-expe imen al
me hod in o de o collec he di e en app oaches o us -
based me ics o e alua ion o web esou ces. Once we go he
enough in o ma ion and used a heo e ical me hod o analysis
and syn hesis o p opose an on ological model based on
me hon ology (Gómez-Pé ez, Fe nández-López, & Co cho,
2006), he main on ological design me hodology un il now o
pe o m he us e alua ion.
BACKGROUND
Linked Open Da a (LOD), ep esen ad an ages in o de o
acili a e hei euse and ca y ou da a consump ion on se e al
knowledge a eas. F om he public pe spec i e, we can ound
p oposals associa ed wi h e-go e nmen (Klímek, Kuče a,
Nečaský, & Chlapek, 2018) and (O iz-Rod iguez e al., 2022),
wi hin he ou ism sec o cases ha e been applied o acili a e
he loca ion o poin s o in e es h ough geo e e enced da a
(Lemus, Bena ides, Gaona-Ga cía, Mon eneg o-Ma ín, &
Ga zón, 2020), (Yochum, Chang, Gu, & Zhu, 2020)), associa ed
wi h educa ion p ocesses, scena ios ha e been iden i ied o
acili a e lea ning p ocesses (Pe ei a, Siquei a, Nunes, &
Die ze, 2018).
The base o he LOD is he seman ic web p oposed by
(Be ne s-Lee e al., 2001) wi h he aim o gi e mo e meaning o
he web wi h he usage o on ologies o desc ibe he esou ces
and ela ionships be ween hem. In he e-comme ce sec o ,
he e a e p oposals ha use LOD concep s in o de o ob ain
be e ela ionships be ween clien ’s and e-comme ce
pla o ms based on ecommende sys ems (Peska & Voj as,
2015) and (Tomeo, Fe nández-Tobías, Di Noia, & Can ado ,
2016), p oposals ha a e p esen ed as scena ios ha p omo e
in e ac ion be ween clien s and, in gene al, be ween
s akeholde s h ough he di e en elec onic comme ce
pla o ms a ailable in he ma ke . Howe e , o de e mine us
c i e ia, i is necessa y o de e mine quali y aspec s associa ed
wi h da ase ha is sha ed openly, so ha hey can la e be
linked as solu ions based on Linked Open Da a (LOD). To
de e mine hese quali y le els, his s udy is based on he wo k
ca ied ou by (Za e i e al., 2013), who made a compendium
o a iables in o de o e alua e he quali y o LOD da ase s by
classi ying 26 quali y dimensions g ouped in o 5 dimensions
as p esen ed in he Figu e 1. These aspec s a e p esen ed in his
s udy o de e mine us c i e ia, i is necessa y o de e mine
quali y aspec s associa ed wi h he da ase ha is sha ed
openly, so ha hey can la e be linked as solu ions based on
Linked Open Da a (LOD).
Figu e 1. Linked da a quali y dimensions (Za e i, y o os, 2013)
T us dimensions a e hose ha ocus on he eliabili y o
in eg i y o da a se s. The i e dimensions ha con i m his g oup
a e:
 O igin: This dimension e e s o he me ada a o ep esen ,
manage and use in o ma ion abou he o igin o he da a.
Me ics o p o enance can be ob ained by e alua ing he
me ada a associa ed wi h he sou ce.
 Ve i iabili y: This dimension e e s o he deg ee o which
a da a consume can assess whe he he da a se is co ec
and he e o e i s in eg i y. I can be measu ed by a hi d
pa y, i he da a se is linked o he sou ce o wi h he
p esence o a digi al signa u e.
 Repu a ion: Acco ding I is a judgmen made by a hi d
pa y and ha de e mines he in eg i y o an au ho , be i a
pe son o an o ganiza ion. The en i y publishing he da a
mus be iden i iable by some means. I can be e alua ed
h ough communi y su eys o ex e nal links.
 C edibili y: Deg ee o which he in o ma ion is accep ed as
co ec , eal, ue and c edible.
 Discha ge: This dimension gua an ees he possibili y o
da a euse by a consume . I can be measu ed h ough he
desc ip ion o euse pe missions.
All dimensions o us a e ela ed o c edibili y, and i you
me ics measu e high, his implies ha c edibili y is also high. In
he ollowing sec ions, he design and de elopmen o he model
o he e alua ion o hese me ics applied o e-comme ce will be
p esen ed oge he wi h he a chi ec u e o he pla o m, based
on mic ose ices.
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DEFINITION OF CONCEPTUAL
ARCHITECTURE OF THE PLATFORM
This s udy is expe imen al and p oposes o deploy a
mode n a chi ec u e based on mic ose ices o asse le els o
us on ac o s in ol ed in ansac ions on E-comme ce
pla o ms. Explo a ion ins umen s we e used, compiling
bibliog aphy e e ing o esou ce us assessmen models.
The componen s de ined in he concep ual a chi ec u e o
he pla o m a e add essed in Figu e 2.
Figu e 2. P oposed us -based sys em a chi ec u e o E-
comme ce pla o ms (Au ho ’s owne ship)
The Figu e 2. co esponds o he p oposed a chi ec u e in his
wo k, each componen includes he ollowing aspec s:
 An ex ension o he LOD esou ce que y seman ic model,
o e alua ing con idence le els on esou ces s o ed in a
da abase o on ologies.
 A easone o e alua e seman ic us ules.
 A se o mic ose ices o cap u ing he me ics associa ed
wi h us le els ha eComme ce pla o ms can p o ide.
 A mic ose ice o que ying he le els o us on he ac o s
o he pla o ms.
 An API Ga eway o he exposu e o se ices in a secu e
way.
EVALUATION PROPOSAL OF TRUST
DIMENSIONS APPLIED TO E-
MARKETING
Based on he wo k o (Za e i e al., 2013) as a e e ence, he
dimensions, and me ics o wo k wi hin he On ology a e
desc ibed. Below, Table 1 desc ibes he mos ele an .
Table 1. P oposed dimensions o us (own au ho ), based on us dimensions collec ed adap ed by (Za e i e al., 2013)
T us dimension Desc ip ion Fi ed Dimension Me ics
Me ada a abou he da ase P esence o i le, con en and URI
o he da ase
Me ada a abou he E-comme ce
pla o m, URL, Name
Pla o m con ains o does no
con ain me ada a abou he
company
Calcula ion o he
in eg i y/ eliabili y o RDF
s a emen s
Using T us ed Anno a ion
P o enance in Social Ne wo ks
Recommenda ions on he pla o m
abou social ne wo ks
Sen imen analysis model on
social ne wo ks and commen s
on pla o ms (-1 Nega i e, 0
neu al, 1 posi i e)
De ec he eliabili y and
c edibili y o he pe son who
publishes
Calcula ing a con idence alue
be ween -1 (Absolu e Dis us )
and 1 (Absolu e Con idence).
Calcula ing us based use a ing
me hods o op ion based
Reliabili y o he pe son/company
ha publishes on he pla o m
based on us ela ionships wi h
o he pla o ms o use s
Ve i ica ion o in o ma ion
o he pe son who publishes
Indica ing he au ho , hei
con ibu o s, he publishe o he
da a and hei sou ces
Vendo In o ma ion Publica ion FOAF, p esence Pe sonalP o ile
Documen
Au hen ici y e i ica ion o
he da a se
I he da ase uses p o enance
ocabula y
Publishe Repu a ion Su ey in a communi y abou
o he s
Social media commen s abou
selle s
Da ase Repu a ion Analyzing e e ences in page
ankings by assigning a epu a ion
sco e o he da a se
T us le els assigned on di e en
pla o ms
C edibili y o Me a-
in o ma ion abou he
iden i y o he in o ma ion
p o ide
check i he p o ide /con ibu o is
con ained in a lis o us ed
p o ide s
Lis gene a ion o us ed
pla o ms, selle s, buye s
Indica ion o license in
unde s andable o ma o
machines
De ec ion o license indica ion in
he oiD desc ip ion
P esence o e ms and condi ions
associa ed wi h he p o ec ion o
pe sonal da a in a o ma
unde s andable by machines
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Figu e 3. Adhoc axonomy o concep s gene a ed om On oG aph plugin o So wa e P o égé c ea ed o his wo k (Au ho ’s
owne ship)
Based on hese c i e ia, he design and implemen a ion o
he model is de ined below, based on he in eg a ion o linked
da a and on ologies o ca y ou ansac ions h ough
pla o ms.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Fo he design o T us E alua ion On ology in e-
Comme ce pla o ms, he Me hon ology me hodology was
pa ially applied (Gómez-Pé ez e al., 2006), despi e he ac
ha he me hodology has a ound 20 yea s o de elopmen , i
is s ill alid and is widely used in he design o on ologies in
he p esen day by i s comple eness and has been accep ed in
o he a eas o applica ions (Riaño e al., 2022; O iz-Rod iguez
e al., 2022; Valencia e al., 2017) and gi en i s speci ici y, i
allows he comple e de elopmen and documen a ion o he
de eloped On ology. The documen desc ibes he a i ac s
gene a ed om he applica ion o he me hodology. Some o
hese speci ica ions o i s cons uc ion a e desc ibed below.
Taxonomy o concep s
An ex ension o he FOAF On ology was made ha
con ains en i ies ha can suppo some us ules de ined om
he compila ion o (Za e i, y o os, 2013). New en i ies and
ela ionships we e added o suppo he ules ha we e no
co e ed by FOAF as e idenced in Figu e 3.
Figu e 3 shows he axonomy concep g aph, gene a ed
om he On oG aph plugin o he P o égé On ology edi ing ool.
We can in e p e he g aph like classes and subclasses
ela ionship. Each box ep esen s a class and each edge he
ela ion be ween wo concep s.
Bina y ela ionships be ween concep s, desc ip ion
The Table 2 shows he ela ionships be ween concep s added
o he On ology o suppo he us model. The ables a e buil
om he indica ions o he me hodology used.
The Table 2 was build iden i ying and lis ing he concep s
equi ed, he ela ionships be ween hem and some
speci ica ions o ha ela ionship.
A ibu es
The Table 3 desc ibes he gene al a ibu es de ined o each
concep :
The Table 3 was buil desc ibing he a ibu es o he de ined
en i ies.
Desc ip ion o Fo mal Axioms
Fo mal axioms we e de ined o suppo he de ined
con idence dimensions, whe e o each dimension he e is an
axiom ha allows calcula ing he de ined me ic, hen he Table
4 exposes he mos ep esen a i e.
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Table 2. Rela ions be ween concep s (own au ho ship) based on he ask 5 de ined by me hon ology (Gómez-Pé ez, Fe nández-
López, & Co cho, 2006)
Table 3. Gene al a ibu es concep s (Au ho ’s owne ship) based on he ask 7 de ined by me hon ology (Gómez-Pé ez, Fe nández-
López, & Co cho, 2006)
Class a ibu es Name o Concep Type o Value Ca dinali y Values
us wo hy Pe son
Pla o m
Boolean (1.1) T ue,False
name Pla o m S ing (1.1) Name o pla o m
ce i ica eT us Pla o m Boolean (1.1) T ue,False
webAppU l Pla o m S ing (1.1) URL o Pla o m
alue T us Value Floa (1.1) 0-1
Table 4. De ini ion o mal axioms (own au ho )
Con idence Dimension
Adjus ed
Axiom Name Desc ip ion Exp ession Concep s A ibu es/
Rela ionships
Me ada a abou he E-
comme ce pla o m, URL,
Name
T us ed
pla o m
me ada a
Exp ession ha alida es
he p esence o us ed
a ibu es on he pla o m
Con ains, Name, URL,
O ganiza ion
Pla o m
O ganiza ion
suppo s
Recommenda ions on he
pla o m abou social
ne wo ks
T us ed
pla o m
Exp ession ha alida es i
a pla o m is us ed
T us Value > 0.5
Pla o m
T us Value
T us
Con idence le el o people
who ha e ca ied ou
ansac ions wi h he en i y
o ac o (Buye Selle )
ansac ional
us
Rela ionship be ween
use s who ha e ca ied ou
ansac ions on any
pla o m
I use A ansac ed wi h
use B and use B wi h use
C, Use B ans e s he us
alue on C o Use A
Pe son
ansac ion
Pe o ms
T us Value
Use On ologies like FOAF o
assign us alues o use s
To al Use
Con idence
Value
The con idence alue
calcula ed h ough he
o he ules
o al us = a e age o
legacy us , ansac ional
T us Value
Pe son
T us
Concep o o igin Name o he
Rela ionship
In e se ela ionship des ina ion concep Ca dinali y
Pe son pe o ms IsPe o medBy T ansac ion 1-n
Pla o m suppo s isSuppo edBy T ansac ion 1-n
T us Anno a ion isW i enBy W i es Pe son n-1
T us Anno a ion isQuali iedBy Quali ies T us Value 1-1
BlackLis con ains isCon ainedIn Pe son 1-n
O ganiza ion p o ides isP o idedBy Pla o m 1-n
Pla o m egis e isRegis e edIn Pe son n-n
Pla o m belongsTo Ha e O ganiza ion n-1
Pla o m Ce i ica e ce i iedBy Pe son n-n
T us Anno a ion alksAbou isMen ionedIn Pe son 1-n
Buye buysF om sellsTo Selle n-n

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ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
Th ough he me hon ology me hodology, on ologies can be
de eloped o ex ended wi h ules capable o in e ing
knowledge o a pa icula a ea. In he case o his a icle, i is
possible o map us me ics o LOD esou ces o an on ology
(eCTEO) wi h ules ha allow e alua ing he us le els o he
di e en ac o s o E-comme ce pla o ms ha a e used in
ansac ions in he ou ism sec o and ha a e in eg a ed in o a
cloud na i e pla o m (eCTEP), based on mic ose ices, which
uses a i icial in elligence se ices o complemen he
On ology, calcula ing me ics associa ed wi h na u al language
p ocessing.
Figu e 4. P oposed model
The Figu e 4 desc ibes he seman ic pla o m model o
es ablishing and alida ing us ules o e alua e use s ac oss
di e en pla o ms. The lis ed componen s co e :
Es ablishmen o ules o assigning and ans e ing us
alues in e ed by he on ology.
 I exchange in o ma ion wi h he pla o m o load
in o ma ion on us me ics.
 Mic ose ices consump ion que ies di ec /He edi a y us
le els.
 Se o mic ose ices o eed he On ology and s o e
ins ances in a g aph-o ien ed da abase.
 Mic ose ices ha expose in o ma ion on calcula ed
con idence le els.
 G aph-o ien ed da abase wi h ins ances o he On ology o
con idence calcula ions.
 On ology ha de ines he en i ies, ela ionships, p ope ies,
and ules necessa y o in e us le els om he
in e ac ions cap u ed in he mic ose ices laye . Ex ension
o he FOAF On ology.
MODEL VALIDATION
To ca y ou he alida ion o he model he on ology was
implemen ed on he P o ege so wa e. In he Figu e 5 shows he
On ology implemen ed on P o ege whe e he ela ionships
de ined in he On ology and in e ed by he ules can be seen.
Figu e 5. Rela ions be ween classes de ined in P o ege
Valencia-Ma inez C. e al. / J INFORM SYSTEMS ENG, 8(1), 18756
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Fou ules we e implemen ed based on he o mal Axioms
de ined acco ding o he me hodology o in e he us
e alua ion a ibu es o he en i ies:
con ainsMe ada a
Exp ession ha alida es he p esence o us ed me ada a
abou he pla o m
Pla o m(?p) ^ name(?p, ?n) ^ webAppU l(?p, ?u l) ^
sw lb:equal(?u l, alse) ^ sw lb:equal(?n, alse) ->
con ainsMe ada a(?p, alse)
T us Wo hyPla o m
Ra e us ed pla o ms
Pla o m(?p) ^ isQuali iedBy(?p, ? ) ^ alue(? , ? ) ^
sw lb:g ea e Than(? , 0.5) -> us wo hy(?p, ue)
inhe i edT us
Rule o inhe i ing us om pla o m o use
Pla o m(?p) ^ Pe son(?u) ^ us wo hy(?p, ? w) ^
sw lb:equal(? w, ue) ^ ce i ica e(?p, ?u)-> us wo hy(?u,
ue)
inhe i edT us
Rule o inhe i ing us om pla o m o use
Pla o m(?p) ^ Pe son(?u) ^ us wo hy(?p, ? w) ^
sw lb:equal(? w, ue) ^ ce i ica e(?p, ?u)-> us wo hy(?u,
ue)
As nex s eps, he implemen a ion o ou ism ansac ional
pla o ms is p oposed, ha is, on e-Comme ce pla o ms ha
allow ex ac ing ins ances o he en i ies de ined wi hin he
on ology ha suppo s he model and loading hem h ough
he APIs de ined wi hin he pla o m. Once he model has been
alida ed wi h eal da a cap u ed om pla o ms and social
ne wo ks, he comple e a chi ec u e can be deployed as a
p o o ype o a us ed pla o m in ou ism sec o s on e-
comme ce based on seman ic web.
CONCLUSIONS
On ology modeling o e s a complemen a y al e na i e o
ou h e olu ion echnologies such as big da a, machine
lea ning. This allows a be e unde s anding o he s udy
p oblem and he app oach o logical ules o in e knowledge
wi hin mode n a chi ec u es.
Al hough he seman ic web has no had a echnological
de elopmen like o he echnologies, he e is lo o use cases
ha i can sol e o complemen . To p omo e he use and
de elopmen o hese echnologies, i is necessa y o de elop
new cloud p oduc s ha acili a e access and de elopmen o
solu ions on hese echnologies. One example o his is he
Azu e Digi al Twins se ice ha use d on ologies o model
aspec s o he eal wo ld. I allows o collec da a om IOT
senso s o and o he ansac ional applica ions o explain he
eali y.
As a esul o he s udy, i was possible o p opose a model
based on he use o on ology ough a us sys em o e-
comme ce pla o ms wi h he use o seman ic web ules. In he
ield o ou ism is possible o imp o e he low o ansac ional
p ocesses and ac i i ies ha es ablishmen a e equi ed wi hin
his business model. The ou ules de ined wi h he elemen s o
he modeled on ology demons a e ha i is easible o use logic
and easoning wi h hese ools o in e con idence alues. The
a chi ec u e app oach le e ages he deploymen o hese
echnologies along wi h mode n solu ion a chi ec u es o deli e
be e use expe ience, eliabili y, pe o mance, and usabili y o
seman ic applica ions.
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