Escola Tècnica Supe io d’Enginye ia In o mà ica
Uni e si a Poli ècnica de València
KTRL midi con olle
T abajo Fin de G ado
G ado en Ingenie ía In o má ica
Au o : Pas o Be múdez, Vicen e
Tu o : Galiano Ronda, Isabel Remedios
2015-2016
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Resumen
Es amos en una época en la que la ecnología es más que impo an e pa a la indus ia de la
música. An es dicha ecnología se u ilizaba exclusi amen e en los es udios de g abación, pe o
hoy en día podemos e espec áculos en di ec o donde se p oduce música u ilizando es a
ecnología. ¿Realmen e se puede e cómo el músico mode no in e ac úa con la ecnología pa a
p oduci su música? ¿Se puede conside a es o un e dade o espec áculo?
Median e es e p oyec o se p e ende cambia la o ma en la que se in e ac úa con la
ecnología pa a p oduci música. El obje i o es que el público pueda ap ecia de una o ma más
isual lo que el músico mode no ealiza en un escena io median e la ecnología. Pa a ello hemos
c eado una con olado a MIDI con senso es de p oximidad manejados po una placa A duino.
Palab as cla e: MIDI, A duino, senso es de p oximidad, con olado a.
Abs ac
We come o an e a, whe e echnology is mo e han impo an in music indus y. Fi s , music
was w i en by humans. Then pe o med by humans, pe o med by musicians. Music sp eads. I
sp eads ia physicals, ia inyles, ia CDs. Technologies we e mean o eco ding s udios : he
comp esso s, he mixing desks, he mic ophones, he ampli ie s, e c... Then, hey sp ead on
s age. Ligh s, isuals, pe o mances. We come o a s ep, now, whe e elec onic music shows a e
as impo an as music conce s. Music conce s ha e musicians playing hei ins umen s and
elec onic music shows ha e DJs/Li e pe o me mixing, playing hei unes wi h echnology.
These echnologies can ei he be mixing console, u n ables, con olle s. Bu whe e is he
pe o mance in he way ha he music is played by echnology ? People go o a conce o see
he musician pe o mance. Bu when can we ca ego ize an elec onic music show as a
pe o mance ?
Wi h KTRL, midi con olle o Digi al Audio Wo ks a ion, ou goal is o p o ide
en e ainmen o an elec onic music show, o gi e o he audience some isuals, o gi e hem
s u o wa ch, o show hem wha he pe o me is ac ually doing, also in an o iginal way, a
di e en way han no mal. The esea ch we made, comes om di e en s a emen , di e en
poin o iew we, he eam, had conce ning elec onic music shows. 3/4 o he eam a e in o
elec onic music, and a e going o se e als conce s du ing ou li e ime, we came o a poin
whe e i is necessa y o he audience o know wha he pe o me is doing. Wha is mo e bo ing
han wa ching someone wi h his ace down on his se up wi hou e en looking o he audience ?
Ano he poin o KTRL, as elec onic music shows a e e y common, mo e and mo e
people a e in o p oducing hei own music and pe o ming i . Also hey a e ying o each a s ep
whe e hey can be mo e o iginal han he o he s. One o ou goal is o gi e access o he people,
u o ials ha we a e pu ing in shape on ou websi e so hey can build, c a he con olle . Ou
open ision, sha es in e es in he DIY (aka Do I You sel ) communi y. Making he con olle
you sel , gi es you he imp ession o building an ins umen ha you ca e abou , also he p ide
o owning some hing you did.
Keywo ds : midi, A duino, p oximi y senso s, con olle .
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Table o Con en s
The con en is based on he documen s equi ed by ECE Pa is o he ealiza ion o his
p ojec .
1. In oduc o y ideo.................................................................................................7
2. Websi es................................................................................................................9
3. P ojec Roadmap..................................................................................................11
4. Speci ica ions documen ......................................................................................17
5. Technical Requi emen s Speci ica ion................................................................43
6. P o o ype Accep ance Plan..................................................................................59
7. Sys em A chi ec u e Documen ...........................................................................71
8. Valua ion Repo ...............................................................................................106
5

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1. In oduc o y ideo
h ps://www.you ube.com/embed/D4qPhk1M0xs
7
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2. Websi es o he p ojec
1.Wo dp ess:
h p://k lmidi.wo dp ess.com
2.Facebook:
h ps://www. acebook.com/KTRLmidi
3.GoogleCode (Sou ce code):
h p://k l.googlecode.com
9
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4. Speci ica ions documen
Documen “Speci ica ions documen ”
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Vic e n e B e m u d e z - P i e e - E m i l e B o i o n - J o h n n y L o - V i n c e n
L e b o e u - S é p h a n e R u h l m a n n
Speci ica ions documen
Vicen e Be mudez
Pie e-Emile Boi on
Johnny Lo
Vincen Leboeu
Alexis Ma in
S éphane Ruhlmann
2013/2014
PPE : KTRL
08
Fall
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Table o Con en s
1. In oduc ion ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2. S a e o he a and exis ing solu ions ..................................................................................... 4
4. Func ional equi emen s ............................................................................................................. 9
1. Requi emen s de ini ions (wha is Li e, Max o Li e) ................................................................ 9
2. Sys em con ex ......................................................................................................................................... 10
3. Func ions .................................................................................................................................................... 11
4. Accep ance C i e ia ................................................................................................................................ 13
5. Recommended implemen a ion a chi ec u e ................................................................... 14
1. Al e na i es ............................................................................................................................................... 14
1. De elopmen Ca d............................................................................................................................................... 14
2. Senso s ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2. Recommenda ion .................................................................................................................................... 16
6. Cons ain s ..................................................................................................................................... 19
1. Design cons ain s : ................................................................................................................................ 19
2. Technology : .............................................................................................................................................. 20
7. Glossa y ........................................................................................................................................... 21
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1. In oduc ion
Nowadays, i is e y easy o make elec onic music, jus using a compu e and
some elec onic de ices. Bu , pe o ming i du ing a show can be pain ul as he
possibili ies a e endless. You can o ins ance, pe o m wi h a band, o pe o m as a
solois using DJ se up o li e se up.
DJ se up o Li e se up ?
DJ se ups a e he mos common as i equi es less space. DJs jus come wi h CDs,
o a USB key, a compu e wi h he so wa e and hey jus ha e o plug e e y hing
and play as he enue is mo e likely o ha e u n ables.
Li e pe o mances a e di e en . The pe o me has o b ing his whole se up a
e e y enue he a ends.
These wo se ups a e di e en ways o pe o m

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2. S a e o he a and exis ing solu ions
Nowadays he e a e plen y o MIDI con olle s o mul iple pu poses, hey
can be ca ego ized ha way :
 DJ con olle s :
When DJs began o make mixes and play songs, he pla o m hey used inyl
discs. They used wo o mo e inyl playe s o make hei mixes and ouched
di ec ly he inyl discs o synch onize he songs and make he sound e ec s.
Nowadays DJs con olle s ha e one o mo e shu le jogs, his is a ci cle ha
ies o emula e he inyl playe s so he DJ can ouch his like i his was a
inyl disc.
These con olle s a e ocused on mix and synch oniza ion be ween songs and
also ha e some e ec s and equaliza ions.
 Li e PA con olle s:
These con olle s a e used o li e pe o mances, i 's basically a g id o
bu ons and e e y bu on has a sample eco ded on i .
When he use p esses a bu on, a sample s a s o play, his sample can be
played con inuously o only once e e y ime ha he bu on is p essed.
These con olle s suppo mul i- ouch and some o hem play he sample
wi h di e en olumes acco ding o he p essu e he bu on is p essed. Also
you can eco d a sequence o p essed bu ons and play i e e y ime you
wan . A he same ime, you can p ess o he bu ons. Wi h hese ea u es
he a is s can make complex songs du ing li e pe o mances using simple
samples.
O he in e es ing ea u e is ha hese con olle s can synch onize he
samples, ha means ha hey di ide he ime in icks and i he use p esses
he bu on be ween one ick and he ollowing he sample will be played on
he mos p oximal co ec ick.
Con olle s o li e pe o mance a e ocused on playing samples and i 's no
usual ha hey ha e o he kind o unc ionali ies.
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 Ins umen con olle s:
The ins umen s con olle s ha e he same o m as usual ins umen and can
be played like eal ones, di ec ly sending MIDI signals. The mos common
ins umen con olle used is keyboa d bu he e a e a lo o exis ing
ins umen con olle s ha can be used.
This kind o con olle s is ocused on e y accu a ely emula e he ins umen
ha hey ep esen . So hey need o be e y p ecise and ha e a cus om
MIDI de ec o like ai low.
 DAW con olle s:
These con olle s a e used o music c ea ion in digi al audio wo ks a ions
(DAW). They need a lo o unc ionali ies and a lo o eplica e modules
because on he DAWs he use needs o be able o manage a lo o di e en
audio acks and hei e ec s so e e y ack o g oup o acks a e mapped
o one o his modules whe e you can con ol he olume and equaliza ion
sepa a ely.
These con olle s also ha e o he kind o modules o c ea e o manage he
e ec s. I mus be e y comple e and i is usual ha hey ha e a big size. I
can be said ha hese con olle s a e he mos comple e ones because hey
can use he o he s con olle s explained be o e.
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C i ical analysis (s eng hs and weaknesses)
DJ con olle s:
S eng hs:
 Compac size compa ed o old inyl playe s
 Emula e inyl disks
 Don' need a physical de ice o s o e one o ew songs like disks
o simila
Weaknesses:
 Don' ha e a lo o unc ionali ies and some imes Djs need o he
con olle s.
 The la ency be ween he con olle and he music can be
signi ican .
Li e PA con olle s:
S eng hs:
 Appea ance is impo an on li e pe o mance and his kind o
con olle s usually has a lo o ligh s and a ac s a en ion.
 Easy o unde s and how hey wo k.
Weaknesses:
 To make complex songs, he use needs a lo o expe ience.
 The quali y o he li e pe o mance depends e y much on he
samples quali y.
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Ins umen con olle s:
S eng hs:
 The musician al eady knows how o play i .
 The con olle sends a midi signal di ec ly o he so wa e and
don' need a mic ophone.
Weaknesses:
 This con olle s needs o emula e e y well he ins umen and
he way ha i is played o he musician won' be com o able
playing i .
 Need some special de ices o con e he inpu s on he midi
signals.
DAWS con olle s:
S eng hs:
 This kind o con olle s is e y comple e.
 Can be used o many pu poses.
Weaknesses:
 The size o he con olle s is e y big.
 Need a powe ul compu e whi high quali y sound de ices
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5. Recommended implemen a ion
a chi ec u e
In o de o send a MIDI alue o he compu e s a ing om he senso s, we will
design an a chi ec u e using a boa d wi h a mic ocon olle . The ma ke is
eno mous and we ha e o ocus on one sys em, which will espond o ou
equi emen s wi hou useless in e aces. The boa d will con ol e e y hing and i will
jus send he da a o he compu e . Tha is why he choice is e y impo an .
As one o he main unc ions is o de ec a hand mo ion, he selec ion o he
senso s is c ucial. We wan an analog ol age in ou pu o he senso in o de o do
an A/D con e sion. Mo eo e he measu ing dis ance has o be app op ia e o he
p ojec (~ 10–200 mm).
1. Al e na i es
1. De elopmen ca d
A i s glance, he e a e se e al possible al e na i es o he design o ou
p ojec . The ex e nal a chi ec u e (inpu s/ou pu s) is qui e simila bu he pla o m
is di e en . He e a e a couple o manu ac u e s ha sell de elopmen ca ds (some
o hem a e a ailable a ECE):
A duino
Cheap, open sou ce, he la ges communi y o de elope s,
A mel chips, a lo o p oduc s
Raspbe y
Powe ul embedded sys em, “Li le compu e ” designed o un
GNU/Linux pla o m, c ea e some games
BeagleBoa d
Powe ul embedded sys em, open, “Li le compu e ” o un
Linux/And oid sys ems
myAVR
Qui e cheap, good de elopmen ki , ew modules, almos no
communi y
mik oelec onika
Ve y good documen a ion, s a e -ki EasyPIC 7, se e al

PPE KTRL – Speci ica ions
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in e aces, big de elopmen ca ds
chipKIT
Compa ible wi h many A duino codes, PIC32 bi s chips, b and-
new communi y (no so big), cheap, se e al ca ds
Mos o hose solu ions a e no sui able o he p ojec . Indeed, we don’ need
he mo e powe ul mic op ocesso , o a ca d like Raspbe y Pi, which can un
GNU/Linux o small sys ems.
A duino p oposes he la ges solu ion o de elopmen ca ds. He e a e a
couple o in e es ing ca ds sui able o ou p ojec :
2. Senso s
The inpu in o ma ion o he MIDI signal will come om senso s. The ol age
alue sen o he mic ocon olle will be con e ed in o a MIDI signal, which will be
ans e o he compu e wi h a UBS link.
Se e al kinds o dis ance measu ing senso s a e a ailable: in a ed, ul asonic,
lase . The ul asonic senso s ha e gene ally a esponse ime e y high. The lase
senso s a e mo e used in indus y and do no mee he equi ed ea u es. Bo h o
hose ypes o senso s would no be accep able o he p ojec .
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Senso s wi h he ollowing ea u es a e equi ed:
- 5V inpu ol age
- Ideal dis ance measu ing be ween 10mm and 200mm
- Analog ol age ou pu
- G ea ime esponse
Sha p p o ides a lo o dis ance measu ing senso s using in a ed ligh .
Maxsona makes also senso s bu hey ha e undesi able ea u es and he
da ashee s a e no e y speci ic.
2. Recommenda ion
A duino
“A duino is an open-sou ce elec onics p o o yping pla o m based on lexible, easy-
o-use ha dwa e and so wa e. I ’s inden ed o a is s, designe s, hobbyis s and
anyone in e es ed in c ea ing in e ac i e objec s o en i onmen s.“ (sou ce
a duino.cc)
A duino is a good de elopmen pla o m. A lo o A duino ca ds a e a ailable
and you can (almos ) p og am e e y hing you wan .
The e is an eno mous communi y o people who de elop p ojec s using he
A duino pla o m. We accessed o o ums and blogs, which was help ul when we
we e looking o in o ma ion. Fu he mo e, we can add ex ensions ca ds o he
mas e ca d i we wan new I/O pins.
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We can analyze om he p e ious able ha :
- The Due has a CPU Speed much highe han he wo o he s (84 MHz) bu
con ains less Analog In/Ou (only 12 inpu s and 2 ou pu s). Bu we need only
8 analog inpu s o he senso s. This ca d uns a 3.3V; ha could be a
p oblem. Indeed, p o iding highe ol ages, like 5V o an I/O pin could
damage he boa d. Mo eo e mos o he pe iphe al wo ks a 5V.
- The Mega2560 and he Mega ADK a e closely he same. The Mega ADK has a
USB hos in e ace o connec an And oid de ice, which we will no use.
To conclude, we hink ha he Mega2560 seems o be he bes solu ion o ou
p ojec .
Senso s
An in e es ing senso is he GP2Y0A41SK0F. I mee s app oxima ely he
ea u es equi ed and will p obably be used in ou p ojec o de ec hand mo ion.
O he ea u es
Mo eo e , o he in o ma ion on he mic ocon olle has o be seen by he
use . Fo example, he s a es o all bu ons will be displayed by u ning on a simple
LED inside hem. A 7-segmen display will show he numbe o he ack he use is
playing.
Design and e gonomics
The con olle will be a box (dimensions a ound 1x0.3x0.3m) made o wood.
The ma e ial is in e es ing because i is easy o wo k on i . The wood is also cheap
and lexible.
Because o i s huge size, all he con ol bu ons and all he ou pu s o he
a is (LEDs, 7-segmen display) will be concen a ed on one side o he con olle .
As a consequence he e will be an ex a place on he op o he con olle . This will
allow he use o pu his compu e on i and maybe an addi ional con olle , which
will be pa o his whole se up.
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Fo he audience, powe LEDs on he back o he con olle will display he
le els o he acks in o de o c ea e a g ea isual aspec . Usually, he audience
can ba ely see he a is and wha he is doing. Thanks o he powe LEDs, he c owd
could see mo e p ecisely how he a is manages e ec s.
Sou ces:
a duino.cc
www.con ad. /ce
mic ochip.com
www.lex onic.
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6. Cons ain s
1. Design cons ain s
Secu i y:
As we a e using lase o poin he posi ion o he senso , hese lase s don'
ha e o poin somewhe e whe e hey can be in di ec con ac o he use s and he
audience’s eyes.
E gonomic :
This is he expec ed aspec o ou con olle :
The senso s' posi ions ha e o be s udied o a simple access o each o hem.
They also ha e o be well spaced o be accessible one by one.
We also need o be able o loca e he senso s e en in he da k because a lo
o li e pe o mances a e done in he da k. Tha 's why, we a e hinking abou lase s
poin ing down o see he posi ion o each senso .
We need a way o see he midi alue con ol o each senso . We' e going o
pu a column o LEDs co esponding o each senso on he op o he con olle .
We ha e o con ol di e en alues in he same way a he same ime. We'll
de elop a g oup unc ion o g oup some senso s o make hei MIDI alue mo ing in
he same way. This unc ion will be implemen ed wi h eigh bu ons, one o each
senso . Fo example, i you g oup senso one, wo and ou , you will jus ha e o
mo e one o hem and he MIDI alue o each o hem will mo e in he same way.
A is s may wan a unc ion o swi ch be ween di e en p ese on ou
con olle . We wan o implemen a sys em o p ese o swi ch be ween he au o-

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mapping mode and a ew o he modes, c ea ed by he use . We' e going o use
some bu ons o swi ch be ween hose modes.
Finally, we'll need wo bu ons o swi ch be ween acks and mo e pa icula ly
o swi ch be ween he e ec - ack o each ack.
We wan o build he con olle in wood. I also has o be ligh o be anspo able
by a is s.
Pla o m:
Ou con olle has o be well ecognized by all DAW.
I also has o be au oma ically mapped on he Able on e ec - ack o he selec ed
ack. I also has o wo k on Windows and Mac OS.
2. Technology
We ha e o communica e wi h he compu e by MIDI signal so we'll ha e o
modula e he signal om he senso s in MIDI signal.
Ou con olle also has o be connec ed by USB po o he compu e because i 's
he easies way o ans e MIDI signal in i .
The bigges cons ain o ou p oduc is o be enough sensible and as o
allow a good con ol du ing li e pe o mance. A is s who play li e music a e used o
ha e a physical con ol on hei e ec s wi h knobs o bu ons. The con ol is e y
esponsi e and communica es immedia ely wi h he so wa e. We ha e o b ing he
same quali y o con ol wi h ou con olle .
We will ha e o es di e en senso s o ge he bes concession be ween quali y
and p ice.
The senso s ha e o be eally sensi i e o de ec sho a ia ions on a sho - ange
dis ance.
The p ocess o he elec ical signal has also o be eally as o ha e he lowes
possible la ency. This la ency shouldn' exis o he human pe cep ion.
O ganiza ional cons ain s :
We need a USB po on he con olle o connec i o a compu e .
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7. Glossa y
Te m
De ini ion
Analog signal
Is a signal ha has a con inuous a ia ion in a ange o
alues.
A is
An a is is a pe son who c ea es, p ac ices o
demons a es an a .
Bea
A bea is he sound/loop made by s okes.
Bu on
A bu on is a physical de ice ha swi ch on/o a signal.
Chip
Is a se o elec onic ci cui s encapsula ed on a small
case. Also called in eg a ed ci cui .
Con olle
A con olle is a de ice ha gene a es, ansmi s and
p oduces MIDI signals as inpu and/o ou pu .
C oss ade
A c oss ade is a physical de ice ha inc eases /
dec eases he alue o one signal, a he same ime i
dec ease / inc ease he alue o ano he one.
Digi al signal
Is a signal ha ep esen s disc e e alues
Fade
A ade is a physical de ice ha inc eases / dec eases he
alue o one signal.
Ha dwa e
The ha dwa e is a g oup o physical componen s needed
o un so wa e ins uc ions.
In eg a ed ci cui
Is a se o elec onic ci cui s encapsula ed on a small
case. Also called chip.
Knob
A knob is a physical de ice ha con ols he in ensi y o a
signal. This de ice is mo ed ci cula ly.
Li e pe o mance
A li e pe o mance is a conce whe e an a is c ea es
music "on he ly".
Mac o
A mac o is a ins uc ion ha s a a se o ins uc ions o
do au oma ic asks o change be ween p ese
con igu a ions.
Mas e ing
Mas e ing is he ac o adjus ing a song o his inal o m.
Mic ocon olle
A mic ocon olle is a small “compu e ” in eg a ed in only
one single chip.
Mix
Mix is when wo o mo e sounds a e combined in a new
one.
Plug-and-play
Said o de ices ha don’ need con igu a ions o speci ic
so wa e o wo k.
Plugin
A plugin is a complemen o an applica ion ha ex ends
he applica ion unc ionali y.
Rack
A ack is a me allic suppo o elec onic equipmen . Also
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i can e e a se o de ices connec ed oge he , hei can
be i ual o physical de ices.
Sequence
I is a de ice used o gene a ed MIDI signals in a
p og ammed pa e n.
Se up
A se up is he se o di e en con olle s ha one a is
needs o a li e pe o mance.
So wa e
The so wa e is a se o ins uc ions unning on ha dwa e.
T ack
A ack can e e o an en i e song o a subpa .
Ac onym
Meaning
Explana ion
BPM
Bea s pe Minu e
I is a speed measu e uni used in
music.
CPU
Cen al P ocessing
Uni
I is he main componen o a
compu e whe e he so wa e
ins uc ions a e execu ed.
DAW
Digi al Audio
Wo ks a ion
This is a se o so wa e solu ion
ocused on music gene a ion,
mixing and mas e ing.
DJ
Disc Jokey
Is a pe son who mixes songs.
LED
Ligh Emi ing Diode
An elec onic componen ha
p oduces ligh .
MHz
Mega-He z
I is a measu e o equency.
MIDI
Musical Ins umen
Digi al In e ace
This is a p o ocol o se ial
communica ion used o send
in o ma ion ela ed wi h he sound.
This p o ocol can also be used o
o he pu poses using he
in o ma ion ha i send in a
di e en way.
SPI
Se ial Pe iphe al
In e ace
SPI is a s anda d o
communica ions ha is e y
common o ans e da a be ween
in eg a ed ci cui s.
USB
Uni e sal Se ial Bus
USB is a s anda d bus o connec
de ices.
VST
Vi ual S udio
Technology
So wa e used o emula e
ins umen s and physical de ices
used in adi ional sound s udios.
41
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1 Pu pose
This documen is he echnical equi emen s speci ica ion. I p o ides he eade wi h all he speci ica ions
conce ning he KTRL midi con olle . The eade will ha e an inside look plus an ou side look o he u u e inal
p oduc .
2 Documen a ion and e minology
2.1 Re e ence documen s
Documen
Numbe
A ached
Applica ion
Sha p
GP2Y0A41SK0F
OP13008EN
No
In o ma ions abou senso s such as p ecision, ange alue, ime esponse
ATmega2560/V
2549P–AVR–
10/2012
No
Mic o con olle
2.2 Glossa y
2.2.1 Te ms
Te m
De ini ion
Analog Signal
Is a signal ha has a con inuous a ia ion in a ange o alues.
Able on Li e
Is a digi al audio wo ks a ion. Used o p oduce and manage audio.
Con olle
A con olle is a de ice ha gene a es, ansmi s and p oduces MIDI signals as inpu
and/o ou pu .
Digi al signal
Is a signal ha ep esen s disc e e alues.
Midi channel
Whi one Midi wi e can be con olled di e en uni s o pa ame e s. To di e en ia e his
uni s is used an iden i ica ion. These iden i ica ions a e he channels.
So wa e
The so wa e is a se o ins uc ions unning on ha dwa e.
MAC
An ope a ing sys em de eloped by Apple.
Windows
An ope a ing sys em de eloped by Mic oso .
Max o Li e
Is a plugin o Able on wi h p ese ins umen s and he capaci y o gene a es new
ones.
Li e pe o mance
A li e pe o mance is a conce whe e an a is c ea es music "on he ly".
Bugs
I is an e o on he so wa e.
Ha dwa e
The ha dwa e is a g oup o physical componen s needed o un so wa e ins uc ions.
A duino
Is a single-boa d mic ocon olle .
Pin
Is whe e he physical connec ions a e done on he chips o elec onic de ices.
P o ocol
I is a se o ules and egula ions ha de e mine how da a is ansmi ed.
Plug-and-play
Said o de ices ha don’ need con igu a ions o speci ic so wa e o wo k.
Digi al inpu
Is a signal ha ep esen s disc e e alues.
Se up
A se up is he se o di e en con olle s ha one a is needs o a li e pe o mance.
Ha dwa e
The ha dwa e is a g oup o physical componen s needed o un so wa e ins uc ions.
A is
An a is is a pe son who c ea es, p ac ices o demons a es an a .
T ack
A ack can e e o an en i e song o a subpa .
Rack
A ack is a me allic suppo o elec onic equipmen . Also i can e e a se o de ices
connec ed oge he , hey can be i ual o physical de ices.
Mac o
A mac o is an ins uc ion ha s a a se o ins uc ions o do au oma ic asks o change
be ween p ese con igu a ions.

I4-TRS-PPE13-33-20131211
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2.2.2 Ac onyms
Ac onym
Meaning
Explana ion
OS
Ope a ing Sys em
A collec ion o so wa e ha manages compu e
ha dwa e and p o ides se ices o compu e p og ams.
MIDI
Musical Ins umen Digi al
In e ace
This is a p o ocol o se ial communica ion used o send
in o ma ion ela ed wi h he sound. This p o ocol can also
be used o o he pu poses using he in o ma ion ha i
sends in a di e en way.
USB
Uni e sal Se ial Bus
USB is a s anda d bus o connec de ices.
TTL
T ansis o Logic
I is a class o digi al ci cui s.
3 P oduc p esen a ion
Ou p oduc is a midi con olle wi h senso s. I deli e s midi alue and is he in e ace be ween he use and
he so wa e. We will i s in oduce he unc ional equi emen s such as he bu on used, hen we will deal
wi h he in e ace speci ica ion (able on li e 8 and Max). We wan o ha e a li e app oach, so he con olle has
o be nice isually.
4 Func ional Requi emen s
4.1 On/O bu on (powe )
This bu on ep esen s a digi al inpu o he sys em. I e u ns 1 when he bu on is u ned on and 0 when i is
u ned o . I is ci cled in ed on he ollowing scheme:
This mus be a “la ching” bu on, because he sys em mus be u ned on as soon as he use pushes he bu on.
The e a e no speci ic physical equi emen s, because when an a is will use i , he will push i a he beginning
o he show and won’ ouch i du ing he pe o mance. I should be e be a ligh bu on because li e
pe o mances a e made in he da k.
Jus unde he on/o bu on, he e is he usb hub.
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4.2 The “modes” bu ons
These bu ons a e ep esen ed on he ollowing scheme:
The ci cled bu ons selec s he modes. When one bu on is pushed on, he mode is selec ed and he o he
modes a e se o 0. So when we push a bu on, he o he bu ons a e pushed o au oma ically.
We mus ha e “la ching” bu ons oo because he a is won’ keep his inge on he bu on o le he mode on.
We ha e digi al alues ha e u n 0 when he bu on is pushed o and 1 when i is pushed on, like a powe
bu on.
4.3 The “ acks” bu on
The bu ons a e ci cled in ed in he ollowing scheme:
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The 2 “ acks” bu ons a e used o swi ch be ween he acks in he so wa e. I could be done di ec ly on he
so wa e bu i ’s easie o make i on he con olle .
Unlike he o he bu ons, hese ones mus be “momen a y bu ons”, he alue mus s ay a 1 only when he
bu on is pushed on, and wi h a li le delay. I e u ns he alue 1 when i is pushed on and 0 when i is pushed
o .
5 In e ace equi emen s
5.1 Use in e aces
He e is Able on Li e, he so wa e we will use o es ou p ojec . I ’s a loop-based digi al audio
wo ks a ion ha allows managing e ec s in a ack wi h mac os con olling use -de ined pa ame e s.
He e is an example o an audio e ec ack. Each pa ame e will be con olled by one o ou senso s (in
basic mode).
I4-TRS-PPE13-33-20131211
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We will link ou mic ocon olle inpu s o he ack h ough a sc ip in Max :
5.2 Ha dwa e in e ace
The ha dwa e in e ace will look like ha :
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The use will in e ac wi h he con olle ia eigh bu ons ha will allow him o g oup he senso s o
con ol one pa ame e .
The senso s will be unde he op o he con olle , ge ing he dis ance be ween he use ’s hand and hei
posi ion.
The e will be some LED ows o display he pa ame e s alues o he use and o he audience.
6 Pe o mance Requi emen s
6.1 Accu acy
We need a p e y high accu acy. The senso has a measu ing dis ance ange om 4 cm o 30 cm. We need o
manage a midi ale om 0 o 127.
So he maximum accu acy p o ided by ou sys em is: Amax = (30 – 4) / 127 = 26 / 127 = 0,205 cm = 2,05 mm.

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The A duino ca d should manage he alues o he analog ol age ou pu by s ep o con e hem in MIDI.
The accu acy will be inc ease a ound he ac ual alue o a be e con ol in he ela i e mode.
6.2 Response ime
The esponse ime o he senso s should be lowe as possible o ha e he imp ession ha e e y hing is
immedia e when playing wi h he con olle in li e.
Some hing a ound 20 – 30 ms will be g ea .
We' e going o use he Sha p GP2Y0A41SK0F.
Tmax = 16,5 + 3,7 + 5,0 = 25,2 ms
6.3 S abili y
As ou con olle is o ien ed o li e pe o mance, we need i o be eally s able and don' s op wo king in use.
The A duino ca d ha e o be able o manage se e al midi alues o he senso s, blinking o no leds, ge he
ac ion om he bu ons wi hou e o .
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The new e sion o Able on Li e allows connec ing and disconnec ing he con olle when you wan wi hou
he need o elaunch he so wa e.
7 Ex e nal equi emen s and cons ain s
7.1 S anda ds and compa ibili y equi emen s
Ou p oduc has o be compa ible wi h Mac OS and Windows.
We will de elop ou solu ion using hose e sions, which a e he las a ailable:
 Able on li e 9: one ad an age compa ed o Able on Li e 8 is ha we can connec and disconnec a
pe iphe al wi hou closing he so wa e. The 9.1 e sion p o ides a dual-sc een mode in o de o ha e
a be e expe ience.
 Max Fo Li e: now he Max ool can be di ec ly included in o Able on Li e 9, which makes o ins ance
he ins umen s con igu a ion easie .
People ha c ea e elec onic music o pe o m li e ha e upda ed hei so wa e e sion. Indeed, he las
e sion p o ides so wa e imp o emen and always ixes bugs.
7.2 Ha dwa e and so wa e limi a ions
The A duino Mega 2560 ca d will send a MIDI alue o he compu e h oughou USB. The MIDI Da a will
be ans e ed using he ATmega16U2 USB- o-TTL Se ial chip. Pin 0/19/17/15 (RX) and pin 1/18/16/14 (TX) o
he ca d a e used o ecei e and ansmi TTL se ial da a. Pin 0 and 1 a e also connec ed o he co esponding
pins o he ATmega16U2.
Conce ning he baud a e o he se ial ansmission, we ha e plen y o possibili ies: 300, 600, 1200,
2400, 4800, 9600, 14400, 19200, 28800, 38400, 57600, o 115200 bps. The con igu a ion o he baud a e is
made in he code.
The con olle will be huge in o de o allow he use o pu his compu e on i . Indeed du ing li e
pe o mance he a is , which could be a p o essional o no , does no ha e plen y o space a ound him. The
space is e y o en limi ed. Tha is why he ha dwa e pa could i easily in he con olle ’s body.
7.3 Technology/Scien i ic Cons ain s
KTRL con olle is based on he MIDI P o ocol, using Max en i onmen .
7.4 Physical equi emen s
The con olle is made o wood, pa allelepipedic. Conce ning he size : 80x30x30cms. The weigh will depend
on he wood o he con olle . The e will be a me al pla e on he on so he componen s can be ixed on.
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7.5 En i onmen al equi emen s
The con olle is li e-o ien ed. Bu i can also be used o p oduc ion pu poses. I has o p o ide esis ance
agains humidi y as he li e can be indoo o ou doo . Elec onic de ices a e e y sensi i e owa ds humidi y,
so he elec onic chip mus be e y isola ed. Fo shocks, he con olle has o be e y solid as i can also be used
as a desk o o he midi con olle s o si on. Also, he con olle will be e y mobile, i has o be p o ec ed on
he edges and he ci cui s mus be ixed inside he box.
7.6 Documen a ion equi emen s
 Lis o he package con en :
o Secu i y no ices
o Use manual
 In o
 Ins alla ion
 S anda d con igu a ion
 Able on Li e con igu a ion
 Basic usage
 Ad ance usage
 Fas suppo (FAQ echnical)
7.7 Ope a ions equi emen s
This con olle is speci ically designed o Able on Li e. So o ull unc ionali y he ope a o need o
con igu e Able on Li e p ope ly o wo k whi his con olle . Also he ope a o mus assign he midi channels
om he con olle o he midi channels whe e he con olle is plugged.
7.8 Si e adap a ion equi emen s
The con olle equi es a la bed o be placed. To wo k p ope ly he con olle needs o be plugged in o
some de ice ha accep s midi signals o o ge ull unc ionali y need o be plugged in o a sys em whi he
Able on Li e so wa e.
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Appendix A. Table des ma iè es
Ve sions ................................................................................................................................................................... 2
Table des ma iè es .................................................................................................................................................. 3
1 Bu .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2 Documen a ion ................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 Documen de é é ence ............................................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Glossai e .................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2.1 Te mes ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.2.2 Ac onymes ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
3 P ésen a ion du p odui ................................................................................................................................... 5
4 Exigences onc ionnel ....................................................................................................................................... 5
4.1 Bou on de mise en ma che ....................................................................................................................... 5
4.2 Le bou on mode ........................................................................................................................................ 6
4.3 Le bou on pis e .......................................................................................................................................... 6
5 Exigences de l'in e ace .................................................................................................................................... 7
5.1 In e ace u ilisa eu ................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 In e ace ma é iel ...................................................................................................................................... 8
6 Exigences conce nan la pe o mance ............................................................................................................. 9
6.1 P écision .................................................................................................................................................... 9
6.2 Temps de éponse ................................................................................................................................... 10
6.3 S abili é.................................................................................................................................................... 10
7 Exigences e con ain es ex é ieu s ............................................................................................................... 11
7.1 Exigences de compa ibili é ...................................................................................................................... 11
7.2 Limi a ions ma é iels e logiciels ............................................................................................................. 11
7.3 Con ain es echnologiques .................................................................................................................... 11
7.4 Exigences physique.................................................................................................................................. 12
7.5 Exigences de l'en i onnemen ................................................................................................................ 12
7.6 Exigences des documen a ions ............................................................................................................... 12
7.7 Exigences des opé a ions ........................................................................................................................ 12
7.8 Exigences du milieu ex é ieu ................................................................................................................. 12
I45PAP5PPE13533520140408!
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!
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4!
1 In oduc ion!
Nowadays,!a!lo !o !elec onic!music!a is s!a e!playing!wi h!knobs,! ade s!and!bu ons.!The!audience!can' ! eally!
see!wha ! he!a is !is!doing.!
KTRL!is!a!MIDI!con olle !using!eigh !dis ance5measu ing!senso s! o!con ol! unc ionali y!o !DAW!(Digi al!Audio!
Wo ks a ion).!I !was!designed! o!be!used!wi h!Able on!Li e,!especially! o!con ol!e ec s.!!
The!audience!can!see! he!a is s'!hands!mo emen !and!ca ch! he!e ec s!in ensi y!wi h! he!powe !LEDs!a ! he!
back!o ! he!con olle .!
I 's!also!an!in ui i e!and!c ea i e!way! o!play!music.!
!
This!documen !p esen s!all! he! es s! ealized!on!ou ! inal!p o o ype.!
2 Tes !en i onmen !
2.1 Physical!en i onmen !
To!play!wi h!KTRL,!you!need! o!connec !i ! o!a!compu e ! ia!USB!cable! o!gi e! he!powe !supply! o! he!A duino!
ca d.!!
You!also!need! o!connec ! he!MIDI!cable!o ! he!p o o ype! o!an!ex e nal!soundca d!and! hen!connec ! he!
soundca d! o!you !compu e !and!download! he!app op ia e!d i e .!This!is! o! ans e !MIDI!da a.!
The!p o o ype!also!has! o!be!connec ed! o!an!ex e nal!powe !supply.!
2.2 Ha dwa e!en i onmen !
KTRL!can!wo k!on!MAC!OS!and!Windows.!The e!is!no!minimal!con igu a ion! equi ed! o!play!wi h!KTRL.!
2.3 So wa e!en i onmen !
You!need!a! e sion!o !Able on!Li e!so wa e!ins alled!on!you !compu e .!
!
You!also!need! o!add! he!KTRL!midi!sc ip !in! he!app op ia e! olde .!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

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5!
You!can!download!i !he e:!h p://k l.googlecode.com/s n/ unk/au omapping/!
This!sc ip !will!make! he!p o o ype!au oma ically!map! o!pa ame e s!on!Able on.!
!
The!eigh !senso s!will!con ol! he!eigh !mac os!o ! he!Audio!E ec !Rack!o ! he!selec ed!audio! ack!
!
2.4 Ac o ! oles!
This!pa !is! he!goal!o !ou !p ojec .!
Any!a is !can!come!wi h!is!own!con igu a ion!and!is!own!con olle s.!
As!i !said!be o e,! he!e ec s!ha e! o!be!added!in!an!Audio!E ec !Rack!and! he!pa ame e s!ha e! o!be!assigned!
o! he!mac os.!
Then,!you!ha e! o!selec ! he!KTRL!sc ip !in! he!Able on!p e e ences:!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
You!ha e! o!allow!Pis e!and!Télec! o ! he!inpu .!
The!p o o ype!is!now! eady! o!play,!jus !launch!an!audio!clip!and!play!!
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2.5 Da a!
The!only!ex e nal!da a! ile!needed!is! he!KTRL!MIDI! emo e!sc ip .!
You!can!download!i !a ! his!link:!h p://k l.googlecode.com/s n/ unk/au omapping/!
!
Then!see!2.3!sec ion! o ! he!ins alla ion.!
3 Tes !sui e!
3.1 Senso s!
The!senso s!a e!used! o!con ol!e ec s!in!Able on!Li e.!They!ha e! o! e u n!a! alue!be ween!0!and!127,!which!
co esponds! o! he!posi ion!o ! he!hand.!
!
!
No.!
Desc ip ion!
Execu ion!scena io!
Expec ed! esul s!
OK/NOK!
1!
Use!a!senso ! o!
con ol!an!e ec !
The!use !ha e! o!mo e!his!hand!
unde ! he!senso !
I !should!mo e! he!MIDI! alue!
o !co esponding!pa ame e !in!
he!Audio!E ec !Rack!o ! he!
selec ed! ack.!
!
!
3.2 Led!ba s!
The!led!ba s!a e!showing! he! alue!o ! he!e ec !o ! he!co esponding!senso s.!
No.!
Desc ip ion!
Execu ion!scena io!
Expec ed! esul s!
OK/NOK!
2!
Display! he!e ec s!
alue!
The!use !has! o!mo e!his!hand!
unde ! he!senso .!
The!leds!should!be!blink!in! he!
same!way!as! he!e ec !is!
e ol ing.!
!
!
3.3 Powe !leds!
The!powe !leds!a e!blinked!when!a!senso !is!in!use.!
No.!
Desc ip ion!
Execu ion!scena io!
Expec ed! esul s!
OK/NOK!
3!
Display! he!ac i e!
senso s!
The!use !has! o!mo e!his!hand!
unde ! he!senso .!
The!powe !led!co esponding!
should!be!blink!
!
!
!
!
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3.4 Mode!bu ons!
!
No.!
Desc ip ion!
Execu ion!scena io!
Expec ed! esul s!
OK/NOK!
4!
Ac i a e!memo y!
mode!
The!use !has! o!p ess! he!memo y!
mode!bu on!
The!senso s!a e!now!wo king!in!
memo y!mode!
!
5!
Ac i a e! ee!mode!
The!use !has! o!p ess! he! ee!
mode!bu on!
The!senso s!a e!now!wo king!in!
ee!mode!
!
6!
Ac i a e!g oup!mode!
The!use !has! o!p ess! he!memo y!
mode!bu on,! hen!se e al!g oup!
bu ons!
The!senso s!a e!now!wo king!in!
g oup!mode,!which!means! ha !
con olling!one!senso !could!
change!se e al! alues!
!
7!
Ac i a e!kill!mode!
The!use !has! o!p ess! he!kill!mode!
bu on!
The!senso s!who!a e!no !in!
g oup!ha e! o!be! ese !
!
!
4 Tes &en i onmen &se up&
!
To!make!i !wo k,!you!jus !ha e! o!do! he! ollowing! asks:!
• The!con olle !needs! o!be!powe ed!by!plugging! he!elec ic!supply!cable! o!220V.!!
• Then! he!MIDI!cable!mus !be!connec ed! o!a!sound!ca d!(o !a!MIDI! o!USB).!!
• Finally,! he!o he !USB!cable!should!be!plugged! o!a!USB5220V!adap o !o !a!compu e .!
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Appendix!A. Bibliog aphy!
h p://a duino.cc/!
h p://lea n.ada ui .com/!
h ps://www.spa k un.com/!
h p://www.seeeds udio.com/!
h ps:// o um.able on.com!
h p://www.syn h opia.com/!
h p://en.wikipedia.o g/!
Appendix!B. Glossa y!
See! he! ollowing!documen s:!
• CDC!
• TRS!
• SAD!
!
69

KTRL midi con olle
70
7. Sys em A chi ec u e Documen
Documen “Sys em A chi ec u e Documen ”
71
KTRL midi con olle
72
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Sys em.A chi ec u e.Documen .
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KTRL.
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A e .discussing.wi h.p o essionals,.we. ealize. ha .a is s.ha e.al eady. hei .whole.se .o .con olle s,.
and. hey.would.no .change.all.o . hem. o .one..A is s.a e.o en.cu ious,.and.like. ying.new.s u ..
This.is.why.ou .con olle 's.pu pose.is. o.be.a.complemen a y. o. he.o he s,.no . o.be. he.main.one..
Ou .con olle .has.a. e y.p ecise.use..
The.use .will.in e ac .wi h. he.con olle .by.mo ing.his.hands.and.p essing.bu ons..All. hose.ac ions.
will.ha e.an.impac .on. he.Able on.Li e.so wa e.on.his.compu e ,. which.gene a e. he. elec onic.
music..
.
2.2.2 Compu e ((Max(and(Able on(Li e)(
.
Able on.Li e.is. he.mos .used.so wa e. o .elec onic.music.li e.pe o mances..
I .allows.connec ing.se e al.MIDI.con olle s. o.con ol.pa ame e s..
Ou .con olle .is. hough . o.wo k.wi h. he.Able on.Audio.E ec .Rack.bu .i .can.be.used. o.con ol.any.
o he . unc ions.o .any.o he .so wa e..
.
.

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2.2.3 O he (con olle s(
.
Nowadays,.a.lo .o .a is s.use.se e al.con olle s.in. he.same.li e.session..They.usually.co espond. o.
di e en .pa .o . he.so wa e..Fo .example,.one.con olle .is.going. o.launch.audio.clips,.ano he .one.
will. con ol. he. mixe . ( olume,. pan,. …).. Ou . con olle . is. hough . o. con ol. only. one. pa . o . he.
Able on.li e.so wa e:. he.Audio.E ec .Rack..I .means. ha .a is s.can.s ill.be.playing.wi h. hei .ac ual.
se up.and.add.ou .con olle ..
.
2.2.4 Sound(Sys em,(audience(
.
Usually. in. elec onic. music. show,. he. audience. can' . eally. see. and. unde s and. wha . he. a is . is.
doing..
The.KTRL.add.a. isual.aspec . o . he.audience.du ing.a.li e.pe o mance..
Fi s . he. public. can. see. he. hands. o . he. a is . mo ing. in. he. same. way. as. he. audio. e ec . a e.
playing..
Then,.we.also.ha e.powe .leds.a . he.back.o . he.con olle ,.so.in. on .o . he.audience,. o.show. he.
e olu ion.o . he.senso s. alue. o. he.public..
3 Subsys em(1:(A duino(se (
3.1 Ha dwa e(elemen s(
3.1.1 A duino(Mega(2560(
(
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
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The.A duino.Mega.2560.is. he.mas e .o . he.p ojec ..All.ou .componen s.a e.connec ed. o.i ,.and. he.
ca d.communica es.wi h. he.compu e ..I s.main. ole.is. o.manage. he.in e ac ion.be ween. he.use .
and. he. con olle . by. ecei ing. inpu s. alue. om. senso s. and. bu ons,. and. also. by. displaying. he.
le el.o .each. ack. o . he.use .and. he. isual.e ec . o . he.audience...
.
3.1.2 G o e(Mega(Shield(
.
Thanks. o. he. G o e. Mega. shield,. we. can. connec .
mo e. easily. he. LEDs. Ba g aph. and. he. senso s..
The e.a e.connec o s,.which.enable.us. o.link.di ec ly.
he. componen s. o. he. ca d.. O he wise,. we. would.
ha e.issues.wi h. he.good.connec ion.o .elemen s. o.
he.Mega.2560.because.we.use.almos .all. he.pins..
Indeed,. he. A duino. ca d. doesn’ . p o ide. ixed. and.
s able. pins,. and. some. o . hem. will. p obably. be. in.
con ac .wi h.each.o he ..
.
.
3.2 So wa e(elemen s(
3.2.1 A duino(IDE(
.
«!The!open2sou ce!A duino!en i onmen !makes!i !easy! o!w i e!code!and!upload!i ! o! he!i/o!boa d.!I !
uns!on!Windows,!Mac!OS!X,!and!Linux.!The!en i onmen !is!w i en!in!Ja a!and!based!on!P ocessing,!
a 2gcc,!and!o he !open!sou ce!so wa e.!»!
!
We.de elop. he.p ojec .using.A duino.IDE.1.0.5.on.Mac.and.Windows..This.so wa e.is.hos ed.wi h.
Gi hub,.and.lib ai ies.a e.w i en.in.C.o .C++...
.
On.one.hand,.i .is. eally. as . o. es . he.code.on. he.A duino.and.make.changes. hanks. o. his.IDE..
Bu .on. he.o he .hand,.i .doesn’ .p o ide.a.g ea .compile .and. he.implemen a ion/ eadabili y.o . he.
code.is.no .op imal..Tha .is.why.we.use.ano he .so wa e..
.
3.2.2 Ne beans(wi h(Sub e sion(and(Google(Code(
.
The.de elopmen .o .so wa e. o . he.a duino.boa d.has.been.done.using. he.Sub e sion. e sion.
con ol..Google.code.google.com.p o ide. his.se ice.by. ee. o . he.open.sou ce.p ojec s..
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Using.Sub e sion.can.be.seen. he.g ow h.o . he.p ojec .on. he.di e en . e sions..Also.is.a.way. o.
sha e. he.sou ce.code.easily.in.a.p o essional.manne .and.o .cou se.all.bene i s.p o ided.by.a. e sion.
con ol.a e.ob ained..
The.IDE.(In eg a ed.de elopmen .en i onmen ). ha .has.been.used.was. he.A duino.SDK.(So wa e.
de elopmen .ki ).and.also.Ne Beans.wi h. he.A duino.plugin..Ne Beans.p o ide.be e .de elope .
ools.and.in eg a ion.wi h. he.sub e sion.se e ..
3.2.3 Lib a y(
.
We.use.one.ex e nal.lib a y.in.o de . o.implemen . he.MIDI.sending:.
# The.MIDI.sending:.<Midi.h>lib a y.
This.lib a y.is.o .cou se.open.sou ce,.and.a ailable.on. he.A duino.websi e..
3.3 Sha ed(da a(de ini ions(
3.3.1 Senso s(and(bu ons( alues(
.
The. A duino. ca d. ge s. back. senso s. RAW. alues. and. he. s a e. o . he. bu ons.To. ha e. he. exac .
dis ance.be ween. he.use ’s.hand,.we.implemen ed.an.app oxima ion.o . he.ou pu . unc ion.o . he.
senso ..O he wise,.we.would.no .ha e. he.“middle. alue”.when. he.hand.would.be.a .hal .dis ance.
o . he.senso ..
Then,. i . compu es. he. igh . algo i hm. wi h. he. combined. unc ions. (memo y,. ee,. elease. non.
g ouped,.g oup.mode),.in.o de . o.ge . he. alue. ha .will.be.sen . o. he.compu e .and. o. he.LEDs..
All. his.da a.is.s o ed.in.se e al.a ays.o .NSENSORS.(8.in.ou .case)..
3.3.2 MIDI(signal(
.
This.is. he.mos .impo an .pa .o . he.p ojec ..Indeed,. he.con olle .has. o.send.a.MIDI. alue. o. he.
compu e .and.Able on.Li e..To.do. ha ,.we.use. he.<Midi.h>p o o ypes,.and. he.signal.is.sen .
h ough.a.MIDI.cable,. hen.a.MIDI# o#USB.in e ace..Mo e.de ails.a e.in. he.MIDI.pa ..
.
The.communica ion.be ween. he.ha dwa e.and.so wa e.elemen s.is.a.key.poin .o .ou .p ojec ..The.
A duino.will.send. he. alue.we’ e.in e es ed.in.and.i .will.be. ansla ed.in.MIDI. o.be. he e o e.used.
by. he.use ’s.digi al.audio.wo ks a ion..
A . i s .we.conside ed. wo.main.solu ions:.
Fi s ,.we.planned. o.ha e. he.pa ame e s. alues.sen .o e . he.se ial.connec ion. om.A duino. o. he.
compu e .and. hen.be. ecei ed.by.a.Max.pa ch..
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This.pa ch.would.pa se. he.da a.and.build.a.MIDI.Con ol.Change.signal. hen.send.i ..
The.use .would. hen.con igu e. he.DAW.o .his.choice. o.use. hese.MIDI.CCs..
.
We.decided. o.send.MIDI.di ec ly. ia.a.MIDI.connec o /cable. o. he.compu e .and. ecei e.i .wi h.
wha e e .DAW.use .could.use..
.
Plan.B.was. o.send.MIDI.in o ma ion.o e . he.USB.se ial.connec ion. o.be. hen.di ec ly. ecei ed.by.
he.DAW..The.MIDI.o e .USB.p oceeding.would.be.p o ided.by.a. i mwa e.ins alled.on. he.A duino..
.The.second.solu ion.is. o.send.di ec ly.a.MIDI.signal. h ough.a.MIDI.cable,.connec ed. o.ou .
A duino.ca d. ia. he. ollowing.sys em:.
!
.We.ha e. o.plug.wi es.on. he.GND,. he.TX.pin.and. he.5V.pin,.wi h.a.220.ohm. esis o ..
.MIDI.(Musical.Ins umen .Digi al.In e ace).is.a.p o ocol. o .con olling.musical.de ices.like.
ou .con olle ..This.p o ocol.ope a es.a .a.31250.baud. a e.(31250.bi s.pe .second)..In.ou .case,.we.
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jus . ecei e.da a. om. he.con olle ,.bu .we.send.no hing.in. he.MIDI.cable,. ha ’s.why.we.jus .plug.
he.MIDI.IN.cable..
.The.da a.by es.a e.less. han.127,. ha ’s.we. ans o m. he.senso s. alues.in o.MIDI. alues..In.
he.da a,.we.ha e.elemen s.like. he.no e. o.play.and. he. eloci y..In.ou .case,.we.will.jus .use. he.
command.Con olChange. ha .will.jus .change. he. alue. o.send.in o. he.MIDI.p o ocol..
.
3.4 Subsys em(beha io (
.
The. ollowing. schema. explains. he. in e ac ion. be ween. he. subsys em. ( he. A duino. ca d),.
and. he.o he .elemen s..We.made.a.“black.box”,.because.in. his.pa .we.don’ .need. o.know.wha .
happens.in o. he.ca d,.bu .how.i .in e ac s..
.
.
.
.
.
.
The.ca d.can. ecei e.di e en .bu ons. alues:.
V F om. he.mode.
V F om. he.senso s.used. o . he.g oup.mode.
I . ecei es. he. alues.in. he.same. ime.( om. he.senso .and. om. he.bu ons)..Fo .example,.
i . he.g oup.is.ac i a ed.and. he.senso s.2,3.and.7.selec ed,. he.subsys em.will. ecei e. he. alues.
om. he. bu ons. and. om. he. senso s. selec ed,. and. will. send. i . o. he. di e en . elemen s.
(ba g aphs,.powe .LEDs.and. he.so wa e. ia.MIDI. alues)..
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4 Subsys em(2:(Con ol((senso s(and(bu ons)(
4.1 Ha dwa e(elemen s(
4.1.1 Senso s(
.
.
The. eigh . Sha p. gp2y0a41sk0 . senso s. a e. he. mos . impo an . componen s. o . ou . p ojec .. They.
ha e.a.good. ange. alue.and.a.co ec . esponse. ime..This.is. he.bes .we. ound. o .a. easonable.
p ice...
.
.
.
.
.
.
They.send.back. o. he.A duino.an.analog. ol age,.which.co esponds. o. he.dis ance.be ween. he.
hand.o . he.use .and. he.senso ..This. alue.will.be.handled.by. he.ca d,.and.sen . o. he.con olle .
LEDs.and. he.compu e ..
.
.
4.1.2 Bu ons(
.
.
.
.
.
.
To.choose.which.senso . he.use .wan s. o.use,.and. o.con igu e. he.con olle ,. he.use .could.use.
ON/OFF.bu ons.(Figu e.1).and.pushbu ons.(Figu e.2)..The.ON/OFF.bu ons.a e.essen ially. o . he.
g oup.mode,.which.enable. he.a is . o.ga he . oge he .senso s..The.pushbu ons.a e. o . he.o he .
unc ions.o . he.con olle ,. o .example. he.mode.selec ion..
Figu e.1.
Figu e.2.
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4.2 Subsys em(beha io (
!
The. ollowing.subsys ems.a e.con olled.by.human.beha io s..They.ha e.a.di ec .in e ac ion.wi h. he.
use .( he.a is )..They.ha e.a. o al.con ol.o . he.objec ..
!
The. senso . subsys em. ecei es. a. mo e. made. by. he. a is . (an. up#and#down. mo e. o. modi y. he.
alue.o . he.senso ).and.will.send. he. alues.de ined.by. he.senso .( om.0. o.a ound.500)...
The.bu on.sys em.is. e y.simple..I .wai s.a.p essu e. om. he.use ,.and. hen.sends.a.digi al. alue.(0.
o .1). o. he.A duino.ca d..
5 Subsys em(3:(Display(
5.1 Ha dwa e(elemen s(
.
5.1.1 LEDs(ba g aph(
.
.
G o e.LEDs.ba .a e.componen s.made. o.wo k.wi h. he.G o e.shield..
We.use.eigh .o . hem..Thei .goal.is. o.display. o . he.use . he.le el.o .
he.ac ual. ack.o .e ec ...
.
.
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5.1.2 Powe (LEDs(
.
The.eigh .powe .LEDs’.pu pose.is. o.c ea e.a. isual.e ec . o . he.audience..
They. enhance. he. in e ac ion. be ween. he. a is . and. he. c owd,. which. is.
one.o . he.main.goals.o .ou .p ojec ..The.b igh ness.o . he.eigh .powe .LEDs.
co esponds. o. he.senso . alue..
.
.
.
.
.
5.1.3 Shi (Regis e (74HC595(
.
This.de ice.is.used. o.con ol. he.powe .LEDs.desc ibed.
be o e..I .can.con ol.se e al.LEDs.wi h. ewe .wi es. han. he.numbe .
o .LEDs..The.ad an age.is. ha .we.don’ .need.8.wi es. o.con ol. he.8.
powe .LEDs..I .has.high#noise.immuni y.and.con ains.an.eigh #bi .
se ial.–in,.pa allel#ou ,.shi . egis e . ha . eeds.an.eigh #bi .D# ype.
s o age. egis e ..
.
.
5.2 So wa e(elemen s(
Able on. Li e. is. a. digi al. audio. wo ks a ion,. allowing. he. pe o me . o. play,. a ange,. emix,. mix.
sounds..I .gi es.access. o.in ini e.e ec s. o .audio,.such.as. e e b,.dis o sion,.delay,.gli ch...
The.so wa e.can.be.con olled.wi h.ex e nal.ha dwa es,.using.midi.communica ion..E e y.pa ame e .
can.be.assigned. o.a.de ice..Fo .example,. he.play.bu on.can.be.assigned. o.a.bu on,.same. o . he.
eco d.bu on,. he. olume.slide .can.be.assigned. o.a. ade ..
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E e y.pa ame e . ha .is.in.blue.is.assignable..
The. op.le .a ea.shows. he.link. om. he.ha dwa e. o. he.so wa e..(in. his.example,.no hing.has.
been.assigned)..
KTRL.midi.con olle .p o ides.8.senso s,.sending.midi.messages.(we.call. ha ."CC.message")...
.
.
.
Mac o.pa ame e s:.
.
Mac os.a e.inside. he.Audio.E ec .Rack..I .gi es.8.pa ame e s. o.be.assigned. o.a.speci ic.pa ame e .
inside. he.speci ic.e ec ..He e. o .example.we.ha e.:.
Mac o.1.:.In e al. om. he.Bea .Repea .E ec .
Mac o.2.:.Repea .On/O . om. he.Bea .Repea .E ec .
Mac o.3.:.Volume. om. he.Bea .Repea .E ec .
Mac o.4.:.D y/We . om. he.Flange .E ec .
Mac o.5.:.High.pass.Fil e . om. he.Cho us.E ec .
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6.1.3 Senso s(
.
.The. senso s. a e. one. o . he. mos . impo an . ha dwa e. elemen s. because. i . does. he.
pa icula i y.o .ou .con olle ..
We.use. he.sha p.GP2YOA41SKOF..
We. choose. o. pu . eigh . senso s. on. i . because. an. audio. e ec . ack. in. able on. allows. he. use . o.
con ol.eigh .pa ame e s..
Ou .senso s.a e.dis ance.measu emen .senso s..They.ha e.a.measu ing.dis ance. ange. om.4.cm. o.
30.cm..We.need. o.manage.a.midi. alue. om.0. o.127..
So. he.accu acy.p o ided.by.ou .sys em.is.:.
A.=.(30#4)./.127.=.2,05.mm.
The.senso s.analog. ol age.ou pu .will.be.con e .in.MIDI.by. he.A duino.ca d..

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To.ha e. o.exac .dis ance.be ween. he.hand.and. he.senso ,.we.implemen .an.app oxima ion.o . his.
unc ion. in. he.con e sion.algo i hm.(in. ed he.ou pu . cu e,.in.blue. he. app oxima ed. unc ion.
used.in. he.code)..
.
Each. senso . is. o ien ed. om. he. op. o. he. bo om;. he. highes . alue. will. be. a . he. op. so. he.
nea es . om. he.senso s..
.
I 's.also.essen ial. o.ha e. he.lowe . esponse. ime.as.possible..
Tmax.=.16,5.+.3,7.+.5,0.=25,2.ms.
.
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6.1.4 G o e(W(LED(Ba (
.
Seeeds udio.p o ides. his.LED.Ba ..This.LEDs.ba s.
will.display. he. alue. o .his.co esponden .senso ..
This.componen .comeswi h.a.MY9221.LED.(by.My#
Semi).con olling.chip..G o e.connec o s.a e.used.
o.connec . his.ba g aphs..
When.all. he.LEDs.a e.on.(8.ba s.on. his.p ojec .=.80.
LEDs).2A.a e.needed..To.suppo . his.an.ex e nal.
powe .supply.will.be.used..
.
The.main.di e ence.be ween. he.MY9221and. he.
amous.74HC595.is. ha . he. i s .one.can.con ol.up.
o.12.LEDs,.and. he.command.da a.is.on.16.bi s..To.
choose.which.LED.we.wan . o.ligh .on,.a.command.
on.10.bi s.is.sen .(because.we.a e.using.10.LEDs)...
Fo .example,.i .we.wan . o.ligh .up. he.las .3.LEDs,.we.ha e. o.send:.1110000000=.896..
.
6.1.5 Me al(Pushbu on(
.
We.use.s ainless.S eel.Body.bu on.wi h.la ch.swi ch.mode..Also. hey.a e.
equipped.wi h.a.LED. ha .con ollable.by.sepa a ed..
This.bu ons.will.con ol. he.g oups. o . he.senso s..And.also.can.be.assigned.
o.do.mo e.jobs.i . he.so wa e.is.con igu ed. o.do.i ..The.A duino.boa d.can.
ead. he.s a e.and.make.changes.acco ding. o.i ..
.
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6.1.6 Luxeon(Rebel(High(Powe (LED(
.
This.high.powe .LED.can.a o d.a.max. o wa d.cu en .o .1A.in.a.
2.55V. o.3.99V. ange..Philips.p o ides.i ..
Fo . he.p ojec .will.be.used.8.high.powe .LEDs.and. he.powe .will.
be.supplied.by. he.same.sou ce.o . he.LEDs.ba s..This.LED.will.
ha e.a. esis ance. o.a oid. he.use.o .so.much.cu en .bu .s ill.will.
be.b igh e . han. he.usual.LEDs.
.
.The. elec ical. cha ac e is ics. a . 350. mA. and. a . a. 25°C.
he mal.pad. empe a u e.a e:.
.
.
.
.
.
.The.cu en .cha ac e is ics.a e:.
.
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.Fu he mo e,. he.luminous. lux.is. ep esen ed.by. he. ollowing.cu e:.
.
.
The.74HC595.d i e .will.con ol. hese.LEDs..
6.1.7 74HC595(Shi (Regis e (
.
The.supply. ol age.mus .be.be ween.2.and.6V..The.inpu .and. he.ou pu . ol age.mus .be.mo e. han.
0.and.less. han. he.supply. ol age..
.
He e.is. he.pinning.o . he.shi . egis e :.
V Ou pu Enable:.connec ed. o. he.g ound. o.ac i e.all. he.ou pu ...
V Mas e .Rese :.connec ed. o.+5V. o.a oid.a. ese .o . he.chip..
V Q0. o.Q7:.connec ed. o. he.8.LEDs.
V Ds:.se ial.da a.inpu ,.i .will.command. he.ou pu s.o . he.chip..
V Two.clocks,.connec ed. o.digi al.pins.o . he.A duino.ca d..
.
.
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.
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An.o de . o. he.74HC595.is.composed.o .8.bi s...Fo .example. he.o de .00110111.will.ligh .up.5.LEDs..
In. his.case,.se e al.logical.‘1’.and.‘0’.a e. ollowing.each.o he ..The.shi . egis e .can’ .know.i . his.is.a.
single.‘1’,.o .se e al..Tha .is.why. he e.is.a.clock.signal..I .has. he.same. equency.as. he.o he .clock.
inpu ..Bo h.o . hem.send.squa e.signal..A .e e y. ising.edge.o . he.SHcp.inpu ,. he.74HC595.knows.
ha . he e.is.a.new.bi . o.check.on. he.STcp.inpu ,.which.is. he.one.who. ecei es. he.o de ..
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When. he.clockPin.goes. om.low. o.high,. he.shi . egis e . eads. he.s a e.o . he.da a.pin..As. he.
da a.ge s.shi ed.in.i .is.sa ed.in.an.in e nal.memo y. egis e ..When. he.la chPin.goes. om.low. o.
high. he.sen .da a.ge s.mo ed. om. he.shi . egis e s.(memo y. egis e ).in o. he.ou pu .pins,.which.
ligh .up. he.LEDs..
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He e.is.a.simula ion.o . he.A mega.2560,.wi h. he.74HC595.shi . egis e .connec ed. o.8.LEDs:.
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6.1.8 Mode(bu ons(
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Gene ic.bu ons.wi hou .la ch..
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7 So wa e(elemen :(Max(Pa ch(
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The.communica ion.be ween. he.ha dwa e.and.so wa e.elemen s.is.a.key.poin .o .ou .p ojec ..The.
A duino.will.send. he. alue.we’ e.in e es ed.in.and.i .will.be. ansla ed.in.MIDI. o.be. he e o e.used.
by. he.use ’s.digi al.audio.wo ks a ion..
A . i s .we.conside ed. h ee.a chi ec u es:.
Fi s ,.we.planned. o.ha e. he.pa ame e s. alues.sen .o e . he.se ial.connec ion. om.A duino. o. he.
compu e .and. hen.be. ecei ed.by.a.Max.pa ch..
This.pa ch.would.pa se. he.da a.and.build.a.MIDI.Con ol.Change.signal. hen.send.i ..
The.use .would. hen.con igu e. he.DAW.o .his.choice. o.use. hese.MIDI.CCs..
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7.1 A chi ec u e(
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V We.decided. o.send.MIDI.di ec ly. ia.a.MIDI.connec o /cable. o. he.compu e .and. ecei e.i .
wi h.wha e e .DAW.use .could.use..
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V Plan. C. was. o. send. MIDI. in o ma ion. o e . he. USB. se ial. connec ion. o. be. hen. di ec ly.
ecei ed. by. he. DAW.. The. MIDI. o e . USB. p oceeding. would. be. p o ided. by. a. i mwa e.
ins alled.on. he.A duino..
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7.2 Max(Pa ch(
Max.is.a. isual.p og amming.language. o .music.and.mul imedia.de eloped.by.Cycling’74..Du ing.i s.
20#yea s.his o y,.i .has.been.used.by.compose s,.pe o me s,.so wa e.designe s,. esea che s,.and.
a is s. o .c ea ing. eco dings,.pe o mances,.and.ins alla ions..
The.Max.p og am. i sel . is. modula . and. has. a. la ge. use . base. o . p og amme s. no . a ilia ed. wi h.
Cycling.'74.who.enhance. he.so wa e.wi h.comme cial.and.non#comme cial.ex ensions..Because.o .
i s. ex ensible. design. and. GUI,. Max. is. now. known. as. a. s anda d. o . de eloping. in e ac i e. music.
pe o mance.so wa e..
I .can.send.se e al. ype.o .in o ma ion. o.and. h ough. he.compu e .and.so.we.conside ed.i . o.be.a.
good.candida e. o.con e .ou .da a.in o.MIDI..
The. idea. was. o. send. in o ma ion. o. he. compu e . h ough. he. USB. se ial. po ,Maxwould. hen.
p ocess.i .and.con e .i .in o.a.MIDI.signal. o.be.used.by.any.DAW..
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He e.is. he.pa ch.we.made. o.pa se. he.se ial.in o ma ion,. hen.con e .i .in o.MIDI:.
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This.solu ion.wo ked.well.bu .i .needed. he.use . o.download. he.pa ch.and. un.Max. o.ha e. he.
con olle .wo king..I .would.ha e.added.one.mo e.link.in. he.p ocess.chain..
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We. inally.decided. o.gi e.up. his.idea.because.we.wan ed. he.con olle . o.be. he.mo e.plug#and#
play.we.could.make.i .so. he.use .would.simply.ha e. o.plug.i .and….play..
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Appendix(A. Bibliog aphy(
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h p://a duino.cc/.
h p://lea n.ada ui .com/.
h ps://www.spa k un.com/.
h p://www.seeeds udio.com/.
h ps:// o um.able on.com.
h p://www.syn h opia.com/.
h p://en.wikipedia.o g/.
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Appendix(B. Glossa y(
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See. he. ollowing.documen s. o .a.comple e.unde s anding.o .all. e ms:.
• CDC.
• TRS.
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113

KTRL midi con olle
114