P ocedia Enginee ing 44 ( 2012 ) 1665 – 1667
1877-7058 © 2012 Published by Else ie L d.
doi: 10.1016/j.p oeng.2012.08.901
(XURPHPEUDQH&RQIHUHQFH
>3@
)DFWRUVLQIOXHQFLQJWKHXOWUDVRXQGHQKDQFHGFOHDQLQJSURFHVVRIDQXOWUDILOWUDWLRQ
FHUDPLFFHPEUDQHIRXOHGE UHDFWLYHG HSDUWLFOHV
($OYHQWRVDGH/DUD6%DUUHGR'DPDV0,$OFDLQD0LUDQGD0,,ERUUD&ODU
8QLYHUVLWDW3ROLWqFQLFDGH9DOqQFLD6SDLQ
,QWURGXFWLRQ
0HPEUDQH SURFHVVHV VXFK DV 8OWUDILOWUDWLRQ 8) 1DQRILOWUDWLRQ 1) DQG 5HYHUVH 2VPRVLV
52DUHZLGHO HPSOR HGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIWH[WLOHZDVWHZDWHUEHFDXVHRIWKHYHUVDWLOLW RIWKLV
WHFKQRORJ >@ 8QIRUWXQDWHO RQH RI WKH FULWLFDO LVVXHV LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI PHPEUDQH
SURFHVVHV LV WKH GHFOLQH LQ V VWHP SHUIRUPDQFH GXH WR PHPEUDQH IRXOLQJ ZKLFK OLPLWV WKH
HFRQRPLFHIILFLHQF RIWKHSURFHVV0HPEUDQHIRXOLQJLVJHQHUDOO FKDUDFWHUL]HGDVDUHGXFWLRQ
RI SHUPHDWH IOX[ WKURXJK WKH PHPEUDQH DV D FRQVHTXHQFH RI VHYHUDO PHFKDQLVPV >@ 7KLV
SKHQRPHQRQ LPSRVHV WKH QHHG IRU WKH IUHTXHQW FOHDQLQJ RI WKH PHPEUDQH 7KHUHIRUH DQ
LPSURYHPHQWRIWKHFOHDQLQJ SURFHGXUHPD KDYH VLJQLILFDQWLQIOXHQFH RQWKH RYHUDOO SURFHVV
HIILFLHQF 7KHXVHRIFKHPLFDODJHQWVOLNHDFLGDONDOLVXUIDFWDQWVHQ] PHVRUK SRFKORULWHLV
D FRPPRQ PHPEUDQH FOHDQLQJ SURFHGXUH +RZHYHU WKHVH PHWKRGV PD EH XQVDIH DQG
H[SHQVLYH ,Q DGGLWLRQ WR FKHPLFDO WUHDWPHQWV WKHUH DUH VHYHUDO RWKHU PHWKRGV WR UHGXFH
PHPEUDQH IRXOLQJ EDVHG RQ SK VLFDO RSHUDWLRQV K GURG QDPLF IRUZDUG RU UHYHUVH IOXVKLQJ
SHUPHDWH EDFN SUHVVXUH XOWUDVRQLFDWLRQ FOHDQLQJ XQGHU PDJQHWLF RU HOHFWULFDO ILHOGV DPRQJ
RWKHUV>@2ISDUWLFXODULQWHUHVWWRWKHSUHVHQWZRUNLVWKHXVHRIXOWUDVRXQGLQRUGHUWRUHGXFH
PHPEUDQH IRXOLQJ DQG WR LPSURYH WKH PHPEUDQH FOHDQLQJ HIILFLHQF 8OWUDVRXQG 86 LV D
VRXQG ZDYH WUDYHOLQJ WKURXJK D PHGLXP DW D IUHTXHQF DERYH N+] :KHQ XOWUDVRXQG LV
LUUDGLDWHGWKURXJKDOLTXLGPHGLXPDQDOWHUQDWLQJUDUHIDFWLRQDQGFRPSUHVVLRQRIWKHPHGLXP
RFFXUV'XULQJWKHUDUHIDFWLRQVWDJHWKHIRUPDWLRQDQGJURZWKRIPLFUREXEEOHVPD WDNHSODFH
7KH FRPSUHVVLRQ F FOH PDNHV EXEEOHV FROODSVH UHOHDVLQJ VXIILFLHQW HQHUJ WR RYHUFRPH WKH
LQWHUDFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHIRXODQWDQGPHPEUDQHDQGWRUHPRYHWKHIRXODQWIURPWKHVXUIDFHRI
WKHPHPEUDQH>@
86HQKDQFHGFOHDQLQJRIPHPEUDQHVLVLQIOXHQFHGE VHYHUDOIDFWRUVVXFKDVIUHTXHQF SRZHU
LQWHQVLW FURVVIORZ YHORFLW WHPSHUDWXUH SUHVVXUH HWF 7KH VWXG RI WKH LQIOXHQFH RI WKHVH
IDFWRUV LV DQ LPSRUWDQW SDUW RI WKH SLORWVFDOH VWXGLHV ZLWK WKH DLP RI LPSURYLQJ WKH FOHDQLQJ
HIILFLHQF ,Q RUGHU WR GHWHUPLQH WKH RSWLPDO FOHDQLQJ FRQGLWLRQV PHWKRGV VXFK DV 5HVSRQVH
6XUIDFH0HWKRGRORJ 560 DUH DYDLODEOH560LV D VHWRIPDWKHPDWLFDO DQG VWDWLVWLFDOWRROV
XVHGIRUPRGHOOLQJDQGDQDO VLQJFRPSOH[SURFHVVHVZKHUHDYDULDEOHUHVSRQVHLVDIIHFWHGE
VHYHUDO IDFWRUV ZKLFK FDQ LQWHUDFW DPRQJ WKHP ,Q 560 DOO IDFWRUV DUH YDULHG VLPXOWDQHRXVO
DQG WKHUHIRUH DOO WKH FRQMXJDWHG HIIHFWV DUH WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW 7KH UHVSRQVH PRGHO FDQ EH
XVHGIRUWKHRSWLPL]DWLRQRIWKHSURFHVV>@
0HWKRGV
7KHDLPRIWKHSUHVHQWVWXG LVWRLQYHVWLJDWHIDFWRUVDIIHFWLQJXOWUDVRQLFFOHDQLQJRIDSDUWLFOH
IRXOHG 8) FHUDPLF PHPEUDQH 7KH PHPEUDQH ZDV IRXOHG E ILOWHULQJ D VROXWLRQ RI 5HDFWLYH
%ODFN 5% DQ D]R UHDFWLYH G H ZLGHO XVHG LQ WH[WLOH LQGXVWU 6XEVHTXHQWO LW ZDV
VXEMHFWHG WR XOWUDVRXQG LQ D FOHDQLQJLQSODFH V VWHP XQGHU IORZ FRQGLWLRQV DW GLIIHUHQW
A ailable online a www.sciencedi ec .com
1666 E. Al en osa-deLa a e al. / P ocedia Enginee ing 44 ( 2012 ) 1665 – 1667
WUDQVPHPEUDQH SUHVVXUHV703FURVVIORZYHORFLWLHV&)9DQG 86 SRZHU $ %R[%HKQNHQ
GHVLJQ RI UHVSRQVH VXUIDFH PHWKRGRORJ ZDV XVHG WR DQDO VH WKH HIILFLHQF RI WKH FOHDQLQJ
SURFHVV 7KH OLQHDU DQG TXDGUDWLF HIIHFWV RI WKH IDFWRUV VWXGLHG DQG WKH LQWHUDFWLRQV RQ WKH
UHVSRQVHZHUHREWDLQHGXVLQJDQDO VHVRIYDULDQFH$129$
$Q,16,'(&p5$07DPL,QGXVWULHVPXOWLFKDQQHOWXEXODUFHUDPLFPHPEUDQHZDVXVHG,WKDG
DQDFWLYHOD HUPDGHRI=U27L2DPROHFXODUZHLJKWFXWRIIRIN'DDQGDQHIIHFWLYHDUHD
RIFP([SHULPHQWVFRQVLVWHGRIWKHIROORZLQJVWDJHVGHLRQL]HGZDWHUIOX[PHDVXUHPHQW
IRXOLQJ ZLWK 5% VROXWLRQ ULQVLQJ 86FOHDQLQJ ZLWK GHLRQL]HG ZDWHUDQG GHLRQL]HG ZDWHU IOX[
PHDVXUHPHQW 7KH PHPEUDQH ZDV LPPHUVHG LQ DQ 86 EDWK (OPDVRQLF 3+ DQG WKH
XOWUDVRQLF H[SHULPHQWV ZHUH SHUIRUPHG E VZLWFKLQJ EHWZHHQ DQG N+] 86 IUHTXHQFLHV
HYHU VHFRQGV7KUHHIDFWRUVDIIHFWLQJWKH86FOHDQLQJSURFHVVZHUHFRQVLGHUHG703&)9
DQG86SRZHU$FFRUGLQJWRWKH%R[%HKQNHQGHVLJQWKUHHOHYHOVRIHDFKIDFWRUZHUHVWXGLHG
DQGWKHVHOHFWHGUDQJHVRIWKHYDULDEOHVZHUHEDUPVDQGRIWKHWRWDO86
SRZHUUHVSHFWLYHO $WRWDORIUXQVZHUHSHUIRUPHGLQFOXGLQJWKUHHUHSOLFDWLRQVRIWKHFHQWUDO
SRLQW 7KH FOHDQLQJ HIILFLHQF RI HDFK WUHDWPHQW ZDV GHWHUPLQHG DQG WKH DFTXLUHG GDWD ZHUH
VWDWLVWLFDOO DQDO VHG
5HVXOWVDQG'LVFXVVLRQ
7KH FOHDQLQJ HIILFLHQFLHV REWDLQHG UDQJHG EHWZHHQ DQG GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH
RSHUDWLQJ FRQGLWLRQV GXULQJ WKH FOHDQLQJ SURFHVV )LJXUH VKRZV WKH 3DUHWR FKDUW UHVXOWLQJ
IURP WKH VWDWLVWLFDO DQDO VLV RI WKH FOHDQLQJ HIILFLHQF ,Q WKLV FDVH RQO &)9 DQG 703 KDYH
LQIOXHQFHRQFOHDQLQJHIILFLHQF DSDUWIURPWKHVTXDUHGHIIHFWRI703
)LJXUH6WDWLVWLFDODQDO VLVRIFOHDQLQJHIILFLHQF 6WDWJUDSKLFV&HQWXULRQ;9,
7KHSRVLWLYHLQIOXHQFHRI&)9RQWKHFOHDQLQJSURFHVVFRXOGEHH[SODLQHGEHFDXVHDJUHDWHU
WXUEXOHQFHLVFUHDWHGDWKLJKHU&)97KHUHIRUHG HSDUWLFOHVFRXOGEHHDVLO UHPRYHGIURPWKH
VXUIDFHDQGWKHSRUHVRIWKHPHPEUDQH2QWKHRWKHUKDQGDQLQFUHDVHRI703PLJKWFDXVH
WKDWWKHSDUWLFOHVUHPRYHGGXULQJWKHFOHDQLQJVWDJHDQGSUHVHQWLQWKHEXONWHQGWRDSSUR[LPDWH
WR WKH PHPEUDQH DJDLQ 7KLV ZRXOG H[SODLQ WKH QHJDWLYH HIIHFW RI 703 RQ WKH FOHDQLQJ
HIILFLHQF 7KHUHODWLYHO ORZYDOXHVRIFOHDQLQJHIILFLHQF REWDLQHGPLJKWEHGXHWRWKHNLQGRI
IRXOLQJ DIIHFWLQJ WKH PHPEUDQH $ FRPELQDWLRQ RI 86 ZLWK D FKHPLFDO DJHQW FRXOG EH DQ
LQWHUHVWLQJZD WRLPSURYHWKHHIILFLHQF RIWKHFOHDQLQJSURFHVV
$FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV
1667
E. Al en osa-deLa a e al. / P ocedia Enginee ing 44 ( 2012 ) 1665 – 1667
7KLV ZRUN ZDV VXSSRUWHG E WKH ³0LQLVWHULR GH &LHQFLD H ,QQRYDFLyQ´ WKURXJK WKH SURMHFW UHI
&70DQGWKH³0LQLVWHULRGH(GXFDFLyQ´WKURXJKWKH)38JUDQWUHI$3
5HIHUHQFHV
>@ 5 +DQ 6 =KDQJ ' ;LQJ ; -LDQ 'HVDOLQDWLRQ RI G H XWLOL]LQJ FRSRO SKWKDOD]LQRQH
ELSKHQ O HWKHU VXOIRQH XOWUDILOWUDWLRQ PHPEUDQH ZLWK ORZ PROHFXODU ZHLJKW FXWRII -RXUQDO RI
0HPEUDQH6FLHQFH
>@)-%HQLWH]-/$FHUR)-5HDO&*DUFLD5HPRYDORISKHQ OXUHDKHUELFLGHVLQXOWUDSXUH
ZDWHUE XOWUDILOWUDWLRQDQGQDQRILOWUDWLRQSURFHVVHV:DWHU5HVHDUFK
>@ $ 0DVNRRNL 6$ 0RUWD]DYL DQG $ 0DVNRRNL &OHDQLQJ RI VSLUDOZRXQG XOWUDILOWUDWLRQ
PHPEUDQHVXVLQJXOWUDVRXQGDQGDONDOLQHVROXWLRQRI('7$'HVDOLQDWLRQ
>@02/DPPLQHQ+::DONHUDQG/.:HDYHUV 0HFKDQLVPVDQGIDFWRUV LQIOXHQFLQJ WKH
XOWUDVRQLF FOHDQLQJ RI SDUWLFOHIRXOHG FHUDPLF PHPEUDQHV -RXUQDO RI 0HPEUDQH 6FLHQFH
>@5$5)LJXHURD$&DVVDQR('ULROL8OWUDILOWUDWLRQRIRUDQJHSUHVVOLTXRU2SWLPL]DWLRQIRU
SHUPHDWHIOX[DQGIRXOLQJLQGH[E UHVSRQVHVXUIDFHPHWKRGRORJ 6HSDUDWLRQDQG3XULILFDWLRQ
7HFKQRORJ
.H ZRUGV8OWUDVRXQG8OWUDILOWUDWLRQ&OHDQLQJSURFHGXUH&HUDPLFPHPEUDQH