!"
Biwa Canal in Okazaki. © Olimpia Niglio 2015
La iquali icazione degli scena i no u ni nel bo go di Fon ecchio (AQ), by Di Gio gio S., Munzi C., Paglione M., Sciand a.
!"#$%&"'
()#*$)+#"')+,-.'%$)+,-
'/-0$12"#*1#%$*-
3*12)','45-+)6-
7%8#+")+9","#5
!',%:*-;
!#
$%&'($)'
!"#$%$&'"()$&*$+,-./01$2302)/3"4+*"5+%$/6+73+24&"5+,$+33/$+,"89:#5..;'"<+$%3/=$2>"6?"@A.B)$&4'"
@A.B)$&4'":24&>
In he las decades, he opic o ligh ing o he his o ical mino cen es is aking a p ominen ole in
he cul u al deba e on he u ban eco e y in e en ions, because o he de elopmen o a g ea e
awa eness o he egene a i e po en ial ole ha a ca e ul planning sys em o u ban ligh ing can ake
in his con ex .
The la e , which had a pu ely unc ional ole in he pas , has ecen ly aken a igu a i e and emo ional
ole, associa ed wi h he ision o he u ban ligh scene du ing he nigh and i s alo iza ion.
The s udy o ligh , he e o e, has ine i ably u ned in o an ins umen o knowledge and c i ical
in e p e a ion o he u ban spaces, aimed bo h o unc ional eco e y o he ligh ing ne wo k
echnology, and he egene a ion o he u ban image and i s nigh scenes.
The needs ha his sec o should sa is y a e mul iple and, some imes, con lic ing: he need o oad
sa e y, he educ ion o ligh pollu ion, he need o ene gy and cos sa ings.
The esea ch aims o de ine an ope a i e me hodology o deal wi h he ligh planning in complex
con ex s as he mino his o ical cen e s, in which he concep o ans o ma ion o he u ban scene
clashes di ec ly wi h he concep o p ese ing he iden i y ea u es o he places and i s cons uc i e
alues and ma e ials.
Among he goals, he e is he e o e he aim o highligh ing he main gaps in he ne wo k, due bo h o
plan enginee ing easons and o he obsolescence o he exis ing ligh ing ix u es.
We ope a i ely wo k in he u ban oids sys em ield, as spaces ha cha ac e ize he u ban scene.
Th ough he knowledge o hei dominan ea u es i is possible o p ese e hei iden i y and, a
he same ime, enhance hei singula i y, wi h a sui able ligh ing p ojec , which equi es he s udy o
ma e ials, colo s and consump ion.
The pu pose is o p omo e an u ban de elopmen , able o p oduce posi i e economic, social
and cul u al e ec s, o ien ed o imp o e he quali y o li e, as well as o alue he a chi ec u al and
en i onmen al he i age gi ing impo ance o ene gy and economic sa ing.
*+,-.(/&
U ban ligh ing, mino his o ical cen es, nigh scenes egene a ion, compa ibili y
!"#$%&'()$*+,"-+),$+)$-"#$&#"('+*+-(-+.)$./$-"#$0+).&$"+1-.&+2(*$2#)-&#$
!"#$3#1+,)$12#)(&+.1$/.&$-"#$(&2"+-#2-%&(*$4(*.&+1(-+.)$()3$-"#$#)#&,5$
#//+2+#)25$+06&.4#0#)-$./$-"#$%&'()$#)4+&.)0#)-
C$3/&)$,$"93"(3/4/*$+$=!'"#1$4/4"D4/01$6++$'"@)$=4"#4E4++6&6!'
!0
123 45'(./6)'4.573 '8+3 84&'.(4)$93
)+5'(+&3$5/3'8+394:8'3;(.%9+<
The u ban ab ic o he mino his o ical cen es
ha cha ac e ize he I alian Apennine moun ains,
as well as he Ab uzzo Region, can be de ined
as an a chi ec u e wi hou a chi ec s (May e al
2010). I is cha ac e ized by a sobe language,
which has p ese ed i s cha ac e o uni y o e
he cen u ies, esul o he handing down o
a p ac ical knowledge om gene a ion o
gene a ion.
The basic building o he his o ical buildings has
gene ally a qui e poo shape, cha ac e ized by
he use o local na u al ma e ials, manu ac u ed
in an elemen a y way and se in place using
simple cons uc i e echniques (O olani 1961).
The se o building ab ic and open spaces
cons i u es a single ne wo k o his o ical,
en i onmen al, landscape and ma e ial cul u e
alues wi h he su oundings: hey a e he
exp ession o he en i onmen al alue o
he whole (Zo dan e al 2002) a chi ec u e
ha in eg a es pe ec ly wi h na u e and a
spon aneous pe ec ion ha p oduces an
o ganic and ha monious sys em, unique case by
case.
Among he less in es iga ed aspec s wi hin he
mino his o ical cen es he e is he supply, he
dis ibu ion and he consequen ene gy and
se ices managemen and he way o in eg a ion
o he plan elemen s in an u ban landscape ha ,
o iginally, was no c ea ed o hos hem.
Those ha a e usually iden i ied as imma e ial
ne wo ks (Pazzaglini 2004) a e now clea ly and
s ongly ecognizable wi hin he mino his o ical
cen e s, o en gi ing ise o o ms o a chi ec u al
and igu a i e deg ada ion, as well as ine icien
plan enginee ing.
Among hem, he elec ical g id has con ibu ed
much mo e han he o he o de e mine he
ans o ma ion o he landscape and he u ban
a eas. The ad en o elec ici y, in ac , has led
o he ise o deep incompa ibili ies be ween
i s associa ed g id and he his o ical ab ic o
he mino building, bo n and de eloped in p e-
indus ial imes.
In pa icula , he sys em o public ligh ing
has con ibu ed o decades o modi y he
pe cep ion o open spaces and u ban scena ios
(Schi elbusch 1994), as well as o c ea e
incompa ibili y wi h he his o ical ab ic, bea e
o alues.
The his o ical buil doesn' p ese e i s
inhe i ance o con en s ela ed o he a i icial
ligh ing: ini ially i didn' ep esen a componen
wi hin he cons uc ion ules, bu i esponded
o an essen ially p agma ic app oach. A i icial
ligh ing has been in oduced o pu ely unc ional
easons and wi h e y limi ed possibili ies,
allowed by use o o ches o lame de ices.
In his ield he e isn' an inhe i ance o p ese e
and p o ec : he new elemen s don' ha e,
he e o e, a pas o e e and i can simply o e lap
p oposing new con en s o imp o e and alue
he exis ing buildings, gi ing new quali y.
The ailu e o an exhaus i e know-how
de elopmen on he ole o ligh in he de ini ion
o noc u nal iden i y o he his o ical cen es,
he e o e, has gi en o a long ime o he
ligh ing he only unc ion o isibili y and oad
sa e y, neglec ing he in insic po en iali ies o
ligh o imp o e he pe cep i e quali y o he
buil en i onmen (Guglie me i e al 2011).
I is necessa y o di e en ia e be ween he
concep o u ban ligh ing and public ligh ing.
The i s is in ended as a mul idisciplina y issue
ha equi es bo h a s udy o ligh on a subjec i e,
psychological and emo ional le el, and a s udy o
u ban places on an objec i e le el. The second
one means he me e unc ional ligh ing o
!"#$%&"'
()#*$)+#"')+,-.'%$)+,-
'/-0$12"#*1#%$*-
3*12)','45-+)6-
7%8#+")+9","#5
!',%:*-;
!=
ou doo spaces, esponding only wi h egula o y
equi emen s and i s pa ame e s (Bisegna e al
2010).
Jus because o he mul idisciplina y na u e
o he heme o u ban ligh ing, he opic is no
ye well de ailed and no exhaus i ely de ined:
i anges, in ac , om he ehabili a ion and
ecomposi ion o u ban spaces, he his o ical
and aes he ic alo isa ion o he places, o he
e iciency and ene gy sa ing p oblem, which
leads o con e o u ban ligh ing he ole o
sus ainable de elopmen p omo e .
!23 $3 <+'8./.9.:,3 >.(3 '8+3
(+8$%494'$'4.53.>394:8'45:3&)+5+&73
.%?+)'4@+&3$5/35++/&
This s udy aims o assign a undamen al ole
o ligh e en in small con ex s bu ich in alue,
hanks o i s abili y o enhance he a chi ec u al
singula i y, emo ionally cha ac e izing he
places, ec ea ing he o iginal spa ial hie a chies,
uni o mi y o di e en ia ion, gi ing social
ele ance o he spaces .
A i icially ligh ing up means, in ac , aking in o
accoun also ano he ision o he his o ical buil .
The mason y ex u e, he plas ic e ec s o acade
elemen s, he cha ac e is ics o ma e ials which
ha e been used, a e p oduc s o he incidence
o ligh on he ma e and o he a ia ion o
in ensi y and colo empe a u e.
This makes he landscape ha is ixed in he
genius loci (No be g-Schulz, 1979) whe e we can
ecognize he places and ou belonging o hem.
A i icial ligh ing, he e o e, canno ha e con en
o uni o m s anda diza ion, able o emo e he
di e ence and iden i y o his o ical he i age.
Ou aim o he elabo a ion o a design
me hodology o small cen es ligh ing is, o he
han he educ ion o he economic, ene gy and
en i onmen al impac o he in e en ion, he
in eg a ion o he ligh ing sys em in he iden i y
con ex .
The ancien con ex s, ich in a chi ec u al and
en i onmen al alues, don’ bea in asi e and
s anda dised ope a ions. They show, howe e ,
complex p oblems and o e an a icula e ange
o solu ions ha ope a ing in syne gy gi e ise o
he mos sui able in e en ion.
A b a e eco e y o meaning and impo ance o
he p ojec is equi ed: i is he "only ins umen
able o espond o he he e ogenei y and he
speci ici y o he di e en con ex ual si ua ions"
(Zo dan L. e al 2006), o he abili y o ac wi h
di e en g aduali y on u ban ab ic, on open
spaces and on buil eme gencies, highligh ing
he signi ican elemen s.
The e o e wo king on di e en le els a he same
ime is necessa y: i s ly p o iding a secu i y
ligh ing o ensu e isibili y wi hin he u ban
ab ic, by modula ing he le el o ligh in ensi y
a he momen o maximum na u al isibili y.
Secondly, allowing he punc ual isibili y o he
buildings wi h o iginal solu ions o illuminance a
he le el o colo empe a u e and o ien a ion, so
as o emphasize he o mal and spa ial con en s
o he objec (Bianchi F. 1991).
Today he e is a comple e lack o balance o he
noc u nal landscape o small his o ical cen es,
cha ac e ized by a discon inuous ligh ing,
une en ligh ing ins alla ions and a chi ec u al
eme gencies o ally ou o he su ounding
con ex .
The aim is o de elop an awa e design
me hodology, ha akes in o accoun he
ollowing di e en app oaches, bo h he echnical
and unc ional, and he igu a i e and emo ional,
linked by he compa ibili y o necessa y
in e en ions and o complian solu ions wi h he
speci ic con ex o in es iga ion.
AB
The me hodology conside s e e y his o ic owns
as one and indi isible, whose pa s mus be
ecognizable, bu a he same ime linked by a
global ision. A he base o his app oach he e
is he iden i ica ion o he key elemen s and he
logic o cohesion exis ing be ween hem and he
con ex (Bisegna e al 2010). Besides espec ing
he exis ing egula ions, he aim is o de elop
a p ojec o u ban ligh ing ha c ea es a new
noc u nal u ban iden i y, no discon inuous,
which can enhance key aspec s o he buil
landscape wi hou al e ing he pe cep ible o ms
du ing he day.
Fu he impe us o he design is gi en by he
cu en need o ob ain an e icien illumina ion,
able o gua an ee he same pe o mances wi h a
lowe ene gy consump ion, hanks o he ecen
de elopmen o inno a i e echnologies.
The de eloped ope a i e me hodology is
he e o e based on he ollowing phases:
sȩ &ACTFINDINGȩ INVESTIGATIONȩ OFȩ THEȩ CURRENTȩ
egula ions (na ional, egional and municipal),
in o de o iden i y he complian solu ions wi h
he objec i es p oposed : he ligh scena ios
enhancemen , ene gy sa ing, sa e y.
sȩ )NDEPTHȩ KNOWLEDGEȩ PHASEȩ OFȩ THEȩ HISTORICȩ
cen e, speci ically abou he unc ional,
mo phological and igu a i e analysis o u ban
spaces, he iden i ica ion o he a chi ec u al
space and he main ca ego ies, he analysis o
he ligh ing ne wo k and i s ins alla ions.
sȩ -ETAPROJECTȩ PHASEȩ IDENTIFICATIONȩ OFȩ CRITICALȩ
si ua ions conce ning ca ego ies o space and
ligh ing sys em examined, wi h de e mina ion o
homogeneous a eas o in e en ion.
sȩ 0ROJECTȩPHASEȩAPPLICATIONȩOFȩTHEȩCOMPATIBILITYȩ
p ocess be ween he in e en ion con ex
and he complian solu ions ha leads o he
de elopmen o design scena ios and he
esul ing inal design.
!2123 '8+3 (+:69$'.(,3 >($<+-.(*3 $5/3 '8+3
).5'(.93;$($<+'+(&3>.(36(%$5394:8'45:
F om he legisla i e poin o iew, he u ban
ligh ing is no cu en ly egula ed acco ding o
common guidelines a na ional o in e na ional
le el, excep o he pa conce ning he educ ion
o ligh pollu ion. Abou his la e , in ac , in
I aly he e a e s anda ds and ecommenda ions
dedica ed since he nine ies, bo h abou he
ea u es o he cons i uen elemen s (sou ces
and de ices), and abou he unc ionali y and
sa e y o he elec ical design.
Recen ly he egions ha e de eloped some
di ec i es conce ning ins uc ions o he
educ ion o ligh pollu ion and ene gy sa ing,
lacking in any case in e ms o quali y o he
design phase.
In pa icula , he Ab uzzo Region adop ed
Regional Law n. 12 o 3 Ma ch 2005 abou
u gen measu es o he con ainmen o ligh
pollu ion and ene gy sa ing , which egula es
he echnical equi emen s and he me hods o
use o ou doo ligh ing sys ems, bo h public and
p i a e. The ule equi es he choice o sys ems
able o educe he ene gy consump ion and
he ealiza ion o elec ical plan s no dispe sing
ligh in he sky, bo h o educe he ene gy was e
and o sa egua d he da kness o he nigh sky,
acco ding o he guidelines o In e na ional
As onomical Union1.
The esul o his lack o egula ion, especially in
he his o ical ield, is a gene al si ua ion o decay
and echnological diso de and he exis ence o
planning e o s due o he poo knowledge o
he usable echnologies.
Un il now, he e o e, o he u ban ligh ing design,
we ha e conside ed he main ules go e ning
public s ee ligh ing a in e na ional and na ional
le els2. In I aly, in ac , he Municipal Ligh ing
Plan, in oduced by he I alian Associa ion o

!"#$%&"'
()#*$)+#"')+,-.'%$)+,-
'/-0$12"#*1#%$*-
3*12)','45-+)6-
7%8#+")+9","#5
!',%:*-;
A1
Ligh ing is a basic ool o u ban ligh ing design3.
Being a no manda o y planning ins umen , mos
o I alian municipali ies has no ye p oceeded o
i s adop ion, al hough i ep esen s an impo an
suppo in he design phase.
I coo dina es, in ac , di e en needs: he
accu acy and unc ionali y o u ban ligh ing; he
alo isa ion o open spaces and a chi ec u al
eme gences; he educ ion o ligh pollu ion;
he e amping o ou da ed equipmen wi h he
possible conse a ion o his o ical equipmen ;
he ene gy sa ing. I is, he e o e, a ool ha
allows o a oid e o s in he ealiza ion o single
ligh ing in e en ions, es ablishing a knowledge
base o p omo e he in eg a ion o in e en ions
in he con ex .
Rega ding he aims o he u ban ligh ing design,
also in he case o mino cen es, he main a e he
secu i y, he con ainmen o ligh pollu ion and
he ene gy and cos sa ing, achie able h ough
imp o emen measu es o he ene gy g id.
Secu i y is he pa ame e ha a ised he need o
in oducing he u ban ligh ing. In his case he
e m secu i y akes on a double meaning: oad
sa e y o d i e s, as i is necessa y o a oid he
dazzling phenomena ha ensu e an adequa e
isibili y o any obs acles; and public secu i y, ha
is he physical and psychological sa e y o people
and places in nigh scapes, whose usabili y mus
be he same as he diu nal u ban en i onmen s
one (Guglie me i 2011). A nigh , in ac , i is
necessa y o a oid he isk o c iminal ac i i ies
and andalism a people o hings, ensu ing
he isibili y and he ecogni ion o people and
hus an app op ia e le el o luminance in he
en i onmen 4.
Ligh pollu ion, ins ead, is a pa ame e which
indica es he al e a ion o ligh ing le els in
he noc u nal en i onmen because o he
in oduc ion o a i icial ligh . This phenomenon
akes place when he ligh is sca e ed ou side
o he a eas whe e i s unc ion is equi ed,
as o example he ligh emi ed by ex e nal
ligh ing ix u es dispe sed upwa ds, owa ds
he he sky. I causes en i onmen al damages,
being a dis u bing elemen o as onomical
obse a ions, and economic ones, because o
he dispe sion o ligh owa ds a eas ha do no
need i . I is he e o e an ene gy and economic
was e, sign o inadequa e u ban ligh ing.
The na ional s anda d e e ence5 se s he
maximum in ensi y allowed in he uppe
hemisphe e, depending on he e i o ial zone,
and he highe a e age emission as e alua ion
pa ame e s o ligh pollu ion.
The e o e, he espec o hese pa ame e s is a
good ule in he planning phase, in o de o limi
he phenomenon, ollowing expedien s such as
he educ ion o he luminous lux owa ds he
sky and he main enance o ligh ing wi hin he
geome ic shapes o he buildings, whe eby
he in e en ion conce ns he ligh ing o e ical
acades.
F om he ene gy poin o iew, he ield o public
ligh ing is one o he mos ene gi o ous, because
i is cha ac e ized by high powe consump ion
and excessi e was e. These a e mainly caused
by he gene alized use o obsole e echnologies
wi h low e iciency, by inadequa e o absen
ne wo k con ol and by poo main enance and
e o i in e en ions p ac ically unimplemen ed.
Howe e , he educ ion o cos s and consump ions
is possible, implemen ing ini ia i es o he
eplacemen o old ligh ing ix u es wi h new LED
ligh ing echnology and h ough he in oduc ion
o in elligen managemen and con ol o public
ligh ing sys em, which au oma ically egula e
and u ns o he ligh ing ix u es, acco ding o
he in ended use o he illumina ed a eas and
o any se ime. These sys ems allow o achie e
a high ene gy and cos sa ing, a he expense
o highe cos s o in e en ion, o which an
A!
amo iza ion plans should be de ined.
!2!3 '8+3.;+53&;$)+&3$5/3'8+4(3>+$'6(+&
In he dense u ban sys em o small owns, he
open spaces a e he social and connec i e sys em
o he buil ab ic, o which a e complemen a y.
The con o ma ion o he open spaces a ies om
cen e o cen e, depending on he p e alen
o m: he geome ic s uc u e o he in e nal oad
ne wo k may accompany he u ban ma gins wi h
a linea p o ile, acco ding o he p e ailing soil
a angemen , a cu ilinea o o hogonal p o ile.
The ans e se pa hs wi h espec o he
main axes, howe e , adap hemsel es o he
pe o mance o he g ound p o ile aking he
o m o amps o s ai ways (Rolli 2004).
In he cen es o Ab uzzo Region can be
conside ed ele an open spaces no only
con ined spaces, gene ally unde s ood as
squa es o places o ela ionship, bu also u ban
spaces connec ing a ious a eas, he emp y
spaces a ose a e he ea hquake o 2009, he
ma gin space, meaning any kind o a ea ou side
Figu e 1.
The map o open spaces in
he mino cen e o Fon ecchio
(AQ). Design by Di Gio gio S.,
Munzi C., Paglione M., Sciand a
S.
!"#$%&"'
()#*$)+#"')+,-.'%$)+,-
'/-0$12"#*1#%$*-
3*12)','45-+)6-
7%8#+")+9","#5
!',%:*-;
AA
he his o ical buil .
A e de ining he in es iga ion ield, a numbe
o small owns included in he seismic c a e o
he in he p o ince o L’Aquila6, i was possible
o p oceed wi h a classi ica ion o hese spaces
h ough an in si u season o su eys and an
ex ensi e pho og aphic documen a ion.
In o de o unde s and and examine he ypes o
spaces, i s ly we conside ed he mo phological
and unc ional ea u es. The mo phology
iden i ies he physical-space o he se lemen ,
which ela es he size and he shape o spaces,
pa icula ly signi ican in he compac buil o
mino cen es.
The unc ional su ey iden i ies, howe e , he
uses o spaces and he ela ionships be ween
hem, dis inguishing be ween public and p i a e
u ban open spaces.
The mo phological and unc ional analysis
allowed o de ine he kinds o p e alen space:
he ela ionship spaces, such as squa es and
public spaces, which a e spaces o a ying sizes
o collec i e use and o social g ouping.
The mo phology and de elopmen o he
connec ing spaces, which elease he unc ion
o connec i e issue o he u ban sys em, is
in luenced by he se lemen si e cha ac e is ics
and by he logic o buildings agg ega ion:
co e ed ways, disco e ed ways o s ai cases.
Finally he adjacen spaces and he emp y
spaces: he i s , in mos cases a e p i a e,
such as cou s, indoo ga dens and ege able
ga den; he second o med a e he collapses
and al e a ions due o he ea hquake (Fig.1).
Bea ing in mind he speci ici y o he opic, i is
also ca ied ou he pe cep i e analysis o space,
depending on he cha ac e is ics o ways and
sequence o he poin s o iew as well as he
landscapes pa ial iews.
The ecogni ion o spa ial cha ac e is ics is
aligned wi h he s udy o ligh ing ne wo k.
This analysis allows us o iden i y he ype o
equipmen and ligh sou ces exis ing, hei
pho ome ic cha ac e is ics, he main enance
s a us o he plan ne wo k and he le el o
co ec ligh ing pa ame e s.
All he p e ious analyses lead o he iden i ica ion
o he exis ing c i ical issues bo h a an illumina ing
engenee ing and ins alla ion le el, as well as he
o mal incompa ibili ies wi h he buil .
In he municipali y o Fon ecchio (Fig.2), in he
P o ince o L'Aquila, i has been de ec ed he
dis ibu ion o he elec ical g id and he spo s
ligh ing indica ing he p og essi e numbe , he
heigh and he Wa powe .
Rough se da a analysis has highligh ed ha he
elec ical dis ibu ion g id is mainly ansmi ed
h ough o e head cables, apa om a li le way
in he ancien illage.
In his li le way he elec ical g id is unde g ound,
in acco dance wi h good enginee ing p ac ice,
in o de o p o ec he sa e y and he longe i y
o he g id.
The e alua ion o he elec ici y supply lines has
highligh ed a gene al s a e o obsolescence
o he ne wo k and he luminous bodies, ha
eques an upg ade acco ding o he cu en
legisla ion.
In gene al, i was no iced an insu icien le el o
ligh ing o many in e nal oads and open spaces;
in San Nicola squa e ,in he ancien illage, he e
is an excess o elec ic cables, bo h o e head
and on he acades, which p o okes an e iden
decay o he public space.
The de ices ins alled nea he co e ed ways
don' gua an ee an adequa e le el o ligh ing,
wi h ega d o bo h sa e y o people and
cha ac e iza ion o he elemen s hemsel es.
Dazzling phenomena, ins ead, occu close o
he a chi ec u al eme gency o he ou een h-
cen u y oun ain, whe e noume ous illumina ing
bodies ha e been ins alled wi hou a sui able
AC
planning.
In he whole illage he cables o he conduc o s
and he s eel wi e opes join s a e o en oughly
hooked on he acades o he buildings, wi h a
consequen igu a i e damage.
As ega ds he luminous sou ces, hey a e all
sodium- apou sou ces, mos ly 70 Wa s o
powe , excep some spo ligh s used on some
buildings o alue ( he Chu ch o San a Ma ia
della Pace, he abandoned Chu ch o S. Nicola
and po a Cas ello), ha ha e a wa age ha
goes om 250W o 400W.
The empe a u e o he colou is indis inc and
on wa m ones on all he p esen de ices.
The inal e ec is an accu a e and i egula
ligh ing, wi h li le illumina ed a eas and an
inadequa e colo ende ing.
Rega ding he a chi ec u al eme gencies
iden i ied, in ac , only public ligh ing allows a
minimum noc u nal pe cep ion o hei quali ies,
wi h an insu icien colo ende ing o he
illumina ed buildings.
Nume ous oad illumina ion de ices don'
ha e a glass closing, condi ion ha p o okes a
educ ion o he sou ce li e con inually exposed
Figu e 2.
The map o he exis ing
elec ical ne wo k in he illage
o Fon ecchio (AQ). Design
by Di Gio gio S., Munzi C.,
Paglione M., Sciand a S.
!"#$%&"'
()#*$)+#"')+,-.'%$)+,-
'/-0$12"#*1#%$*-
3*12)','45-+)6-
7%8#+")+9","#5
!',%:*-;
C1
Figu e 6.

C!
Figu e 7.
!"#$%&"'
()#*$)+#"')+,-.'%$)+,-
'/-0$12"#*1#%$*-
3*12)','45-+)6-
7%8#+")+9","#5
!',%:*-;
CA
(+>+(+5)+&3
AA. VV., Guida pe il Piano Regola o e Comunale dell’illuminazione
Pubblica, AIDI, Milano 1998
AA. VV., Raccomandazioni pe l’illuminazione pubblica, AIDI, Milano
1993
Bianchi F., L’a chi e u a della luce, Edizioni Kappa, Roma 1991
Bisegna F., Guglie me i F., Ba balace M., Mon i L., Me odologie di
p oge azione e alu azione di sis emi di illuminazione pubblica, Re-
po ENEA 2010, Repo RdS/2010/239, p. 3
Guglie me i F., Bisegna F., Mon i L., Illuminazione u bana e scena i
di p oge azione, ENEA Repo RdS/2011/195, 2011
May J., Reid A., A chi e u a senza a chi e i, Rizzoli, Bologna 2010
No be g-Schulz C., Genius Loci. Paesaggio, ambien e, a chi e u a,
( aduzione i ) Elec a, Milano 1979
O olani M., La casa u ale negli Ab uzzi, Leo S. Olschki Edi o e, Fi-
enze 1961
Pazzaglini M., A chi e u e e paesaggi della ci à elema ica, Manco-
su Edi o e, Roma 2004
Rolli G. L., Conoscenza, app esen azione, ecupe o u banis ico dei
cen i s o ici mino i, Alinea, Fi enze 2004, p. 18
Schi elbusch W., Luce, s o ia dell’illuminazione a i iciale nel secolo
XIX, Nuo a P a iche Edi ice, Pa ma 1994
Zo dan L., Bellicoso A., De Be a dinis P., Di Gio anni G., Mo gan i
R., Le adizioni del cos ui e della casa in pie a: ma e iali, ecniche,
modelli e spe imen azioni, G uppo Tipog a ico Edi o iale, L’Aquila
2002, p. 7
Zo dan L., De Be a dinis P., Di Gio anni G., Bellicoso A., Mo gan i R.,
Dalla conoscenza al p oge o. Tu ela e alo izzazione dell’edilizia di
base nei con es i s o ici dell’Ab uzzo, in A i del Con egno In e eni-
e sul pa imonio edilizio: cul u a e ecnica”, To ino 2006
$)*5.-9+/:<+5'&
The p ojec o ligh ing egene a ion o open spaces o mino cen e
o Fon ecchio (AQ) was de eloped by s uden s Sab ina Di Gio gio,
Chia a Munzi, Paglione Ma ina, Sciand a Sil ano, wi hin he cou se
o Techniques o P oduc ion and P ese a ion o Building Ma e ials,
P o esso P. De Be a dinis, a.a. 2013-2014.
5.'+&
1. Ci il p o ec ion and en i onmen di ec ion. Policies o sus ai-
nable de elopmen se ice, Regional in es iga e on he implemen-
a ion o LR Ma ch 3, 2005 n. 12 “U gen measu es on ligh pollu ion
and ene gy sa ing”.
2. A Eu opean le el, in o de o de elop and public he s anda ds,
he Eu opean Commission es ablished he Eu opean Commi ee o
S anda diza ion (CEN) ha in case o in e na ional s anda ds is limi-
ed o he implemen a ion o he same. In I aly he e is he Technical
Commission UNI Ligh and Ligh ing, which akes pa in he I alian
and Eu opean law, ansla ing in o I alian he s anda ds issued by
CEN and de ising new ones.
3. The AIDI (I alian Ligh ing Associa ion) publishes guides in o de
o make a ailable he equi emen s and speci y he me hods o im-
plemen a ion. Among he objec i es o he documen s p epa ed
by AIDI he e is he de ini ion o a gene al me hodology o u ban
ligh ing, wi h he con ibu ion o land egula ion in he ligh ing ield
(PRIC), is one o he aim o he documen s p epa ed by he AIDI.
4. The illuminance alues a e egula ed by S anda d EN 13201.
5. UNI 10816 - Ou doo ligh ing ins alla ions. Requi emen s o he
limi a ion o he upwa d dispe sion o he luminous lux.
6. The ea hquake ha s uck he Ab uzzo Region in Ap il 6, 2009
has only agg a a ed an al eady di icul si ua ion: he a ea de ined
as seismic c a e occupies a po ion o land o app oxima ely 3000
squa e kilome e s, comp ising 57 municipali ies, di ided be ween
he P o inces o L’Aquila, Pesca a and Te amo.