The ela ionship be ween P-IU and in lexible a oidance was MODERATED by he pa icipan s’ a ings o ou come a e si eness:
Speci ically, he signi ican associa ion be ween P-IU and insensi i i y o ou come de alua ion was ound o be condi ional upon high a e si eness
a ings (see Table 1 and Figu e 4):
The in e ac ion P-IU x Ou come a e si eness was signi ican : b= 0.005 [.001, .010]
The ole o a e si eness in he ela ionship be ween
in ole ance o unce ain y and in lexible a oidance
g
Amanda Flo es1, F ancisco J. López1, B am Ve lie 2& Ped o L. Cobos1
1Uni e sidad de Málaga and Ins i u o de In es igación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)
2Cen e o Excellence on Gene aliza ion, Uni e si y o Leu en, and Depa men o Psychia y, Ha a d Medical School, Massachuse s Gene al Hospi al
The s udy o a oidance beha iou is conside ed ele an o imp o e ou unde s anding o anxie y diso de s, which a e commonly cha ac e ized by he p esence o
undue a oidance beha iou s (End ass e al., 2011; Gillan e al., 2014). On he o he hand, Dugas e al. (2001) de ined in ole ance o unce ain y as “ he excessi e
endency o an indi idual o conside i unaccep able ha a nega i e e en may occu , howe e small he p obabili y o i s occu ence”. One o i s wo ac o s,
P ospec i e In ole ance o Unce ain y, has been de ined as a ac o leading o excessi e esponding in unce ain si ua ions (K aeme e al., 2014, Oglesby e al.,
2013). Thus, unce ain a oidance si ua ions may be aken as a ele an scena io o examine he ole o in ole ance o unce ain y as a ac o ha acili a es excessi e
and in lexible a oidance beha io .
Flo es e al. (2018) ound e idence ha P ospec i e In ole ance o Unce ain y (P-IU) is associa ed wi h in lexible a oidance beha iou . Speci ically, heal hy
pa icipan s lea ned in a ee-ope an disc imina i e ask o a oid an a e si e sound, and we e es ed in ex inc ion o measu e he sensi i i y o a oidance esponses
o he de alua ion o he sound a e si eness. The esul s showed ha an inc ease in P-IU was posi i ely associa ed wi h insensi i i y o ou come de alua ion. This
associa ion was s ill signi ican e en when ai anxie y was con olled o . These esul s sugges ed ha P-IU may be a ulne abili y ac o o in lexible a oidance.
Resul s
We eplica ed Flo es e al. (2018):I seems ha p ospec i e in ole ance o unce ain y p edisposes o he acquisi ion o in lexible a oidance
beha iou in unce ain si ua ions.
In e es ingly, new in o ma ion was ound: he ela ionship be ween P-IU and in lexible a oidance was mode a ed by he pa icipan s’ a ings o
ou come a e si eness. Speci ically, he signi ican associa ion be ween P-IU and insensi i i y o ou come de alua ion was ound o be condi ional
upon high a e si eness a ings. In o he wo ds, in ole an o unce ain y people a e easily engaged in in lexible a oidance only i a e si eness is high
enough.
Dugas, M. J., Gosselin, P., & Ladouceu , R. (2001). In ole ance o unce ain y and wo y: In es iga ing speci ici y in a nonclinical sample. Cogni i e The apy and Resea ch,
25,551–558.
End ass, T., Klo , L., Kau mann, C., & Ka hmann, N. (2011), App oach and a oidance lea ning in obsessi e–compulsi e diso de . Dep ession & Anxie y, 28,166–172.
Flo es, A., López, F.J., Ve lie , B. & Cobos, P.L. (2018). In ole ance o unce ain y as a ulne abili y ac o o excessi e and in lexible a oidance beha io . Beha io al
Resea ch and The apy, 104,34-43.
F ees on, M. H., Rheaume, J., Le a e, H., Dugas, M. J., & Ladouceu , R. (1994). Why do people wo y? Pe sonali y and Indi idual Di e ences, 17,791–802.
Gillan, C. M., Mo ein-Zami , S., U celay, G. P., Sule, A., Voon, V., Ape gis-Schou e, A. M., Finebe g, N. A., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2014). Enhanced a oidance habi s
in obsessi e-compulsi e diso de . Biological Psychia y, 75,631–638.
González Rod íguez, M., Cubas León, R., Ro ella, A.T., & Da ias He e a, M. (2006). Spanish adap a ion o he In ole ance o Unce ain y Scale: Cogni i e p ocesses, anxie y,
and dep ession. Psicología y Salud, 16,219-233.
K aeme , K. M., McLei, A. C., & O'B yan, E. M. (2014). The ole o in ole ance o unce ain y in e ms o alcohol use mo i es among college s uden s. Addic i e Beha io , 42,
162-166.
Oglesby, M. E., Medley, A. N., No , A. N., Cap on, D. W., Ko e, K. J., & Schmid , N. B. (2013). In ole ance o unce ain y as a ulne abili y ac o o hoa ding beha io s.
Jou nal o A ec i e Diso de s, 145,227–231.
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A e a Pa lo ian phase (Phase 1), we used a ee-ope an disc imina ed a oidance p ocedu e (Phase 2). Pa icipan s p essed wo di e en keyboa d keys o a oid
a highly a e si e noise ( he US) p esen ed o ei he he igh o le ea . A e a De alua ion phase (Phase 3) whe e we educed he noise olume p esen ed o one
o he ea s, pa icipan s wen h ough a Tes phase (Phase 4) whe e he noise was ne e adminis e ed (see Figu es 1 and 2).
Figu e 1. Design and phases o he Expe imen .
-P-IU was measu ed wi h he Spanish adap a ions o he In ole ance o Unce ain y Scale: IUS (F ees on e al.,1994; adap a ion: González Rod íguez e al., 2006).
-In lexible a oidance was in e ed om insensi i i y o he educ ion in he sound olume made in he De alua ion phase. A sensi i e pe o mance would en ail
less a oidance esponses o A han o Bin he Tes phase. An insensi i e pe o mance would en ail simila a oidance esponses o Aand B. Insensi i i y o
de alua ion was calcula ed as:
numbe o esponses o CSA +1
(numbe o esponses o CSA + 1) + numbe o esponses o CSB
-Ou come a e si eness a ings we e asked a e he Pa lo ian phase. They we e gi en on a 0 (Non a e si e a all) o 9 (Ex emely a e si e) a ing scale.
In e al in which he US
could appea
(8-12 seconds)
The noise could be a oided by p essing he
co ec key wi hin 1 second be o e he noise
was p og ammed o appea
Me hod
N = 79
CSC
In oduc ion
Objec i e
To eplica e Flo es e al. (2018)’s esul s:
To s udy a oidance beha iou using a ein o ce de alua ion p ocedu e o e alua e he ex en o which P-IU is ela ed o insensi i i y o de alua ion.
P ospec i e in ole ance o
unce ain y (P-IU) In lexible a oidance
(insensi i i y o de alua ion)
Ou come a e si eness
Figu e 2. P ocedu e o he Expe imen , speci ically he ins umen al lea ning phase.
Pa lo ian lea ning phase was simila bu wi hou he possibili y o espond, and he Tes
phase wi hou he noise (al hough pa icipan s we e no explici ly in o med abou his).
Conclusions
CSA
CSB
CSC
CSA
CSB
CSC
CSA
CSB
This esea ch was suppo ed by G an PSI2014-56061 o he Spanish Minis e io de Economía y Compe i i idad, by a Ma ie Cu ie In e na ional Ou going Fellowship wi hin he
7 h Eu opean Communi y F amewo k P og amme o BV, and by he Plan P opio de In es igación de la Uni e sidad de Málaga, P og ama de Fo alecimien o de las
Capacidades en I+D+I en las Uni e sidades 2014-20150, Fondos FEDER, o AF .
Table 1. Ou pu o he PROCESS package implemen ed wi h SPSS o mode a ion analysis.
Rela ionships be ween P-IU and insensi i i y o ou come de alua ion mode a ed by
a e si eness a ings (low, medium and high) can be obse ed.
Figu e 4. Rela ionship be ween P-IU and Insensi i i y o
de alua ion in he h ee le els o ou come a e si eness
a ings (low, medium and high) .
Ou come
a e si eness
a ings:
Low
Medium
High
Figu e 3. Diag am o he concep ual mode a ion model o ou esul s.