ANDROID APP FOR AUTOMATIC MUSIC COMPOSITION
Ma ina S. Nie o Ana M. Ba bancho Isabel Ba bancho Lo enzo J. Ta d´
on
ATIC Resea ch G oup, Dp o. Ingenie ´
ıa de Comunicaciones, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicaci´
on,
Uni e sidad de M´
alaga, Andaluc´
ıa Tech,
Campus Uni e si a io de Tea inos s/n, 29071, M´
alaga, Spain
[email p o ec ed], [email p o ec ed], [email p o ec ed], [email p o ec ed]
ABSTRACT
In his con ibu ion, we p esen an And oid App ha gene -
a es music au oma ically eplica ing a speci ic con empo-
a y gen e, speci ically ock music. The composi ion sys-
em is based on he analysis o a se o songs o he desi ed
gen e. The analysis esul s he au oma ic composi ion al-
go i hm equi es a e expo ed o a JSON ile ha can be
eadily impo ed and pa sed. The And oid App de eloped
c ea es a symbolic ep esen a ion o he music gene a ed
o d ums, bass and hy hm gui a ha can be expo ed o a
MIDI ile o audio wa e o m. The e alua ion esul s show
ha he au oma ic composi ions gene a ed a e no dis in-
guished amongs o he exce p s c ea ed by human com-
pose s.
1. INTRODUCTION
Since he beginning o he compu e a ea, he e has been a
g owing in e es on he c ea ion o a by machines. Many
musicians and compose s ha e used ma hema ical me h-
ods and se s o ules o c ea e musical pieces, in ac , al-
go i hmic composi ion could be de ined as he employ-
men o a se o ules ha combines musical elemen s o
o m a music piece [1], [2], [3]. In his con ibu ion, we
use a p obabilis ic model o he cha ac e iza ion o music
lea ned om music samples [2]. A e he musical model
is lea ned, a music composi o ha ollows he ules in [2]
is implemen ed o And oid de ices. Ou composi o gen-
e a es new ock music exce p s wi h h ee di e en ins u-
men s: d ums, bass and hy hmic gui a .
2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The s uc u e o he And oid App o au oma ic music
composi ion de eloped is shown in Fig. 1. In his igu e,
i can be seen ha he de eloped sys em cosis s o wo di -
e en pa s: analysis and pa e n c ea ion s age and com-
posi ion sys em. The i s one was implemen ed in Ma lab
and he second one o And oid de ices in o de o c ea e
a mobile applica ion.
c
Ma ina S. Nie o, Ana M. Ba bancho, Isabel Ba bancho,
Lo enzo J. Ta d´
on. Licensed unde a C ea i e Commons A ibu ion 4.0
In e na ional License (CC BY 4.0). A ibu ion: Ma ina S. Nie o, Ana
M. Ba bancho, Isabel Ba bancho, Lo enzo J. Ta d´
on. “And oid App o
au oma ic music composi ion”, 19 h In e na ional Socie y o Music In-
o ma ion Re ie al Con e ence, Pa is, F ance, 2018.
T aining
Da ase
Analysis and
Pa e n C ea ion
Composi ion
sys em
Pa ame e s
selec ed
by he use
Ou pu
Song
JSON ile
Figu e 1. Au oma ic music composi ion scheme.
2.1 Analysis and pa e n c ea ion
Among he di e en possible musical gen es, ock was se-
lec ed. The inpu o he analysis and pa e n segmen a ion
subsys em is a da ase wi h 25 songs belonging o he clas-
sical ock music gen e. Each song in he da ase , is cha ac-
e ized by h ee MIDI iles, one o each o he ins umen s
conside ed in he au oma ic music compose (d ums, bass
and hy hm gui a ). The analysis and pa e n disco e y
is ca ied ou by implemen ing a speci ic ool in Ma lab
which is a modi ica ion o he one desc ibed in [2], o in-
clude cho d pa e ns. Cho d pa e ns a e needed in o de o
compose music o d ums and hy hm gui a . Fig. 2 shows
a schema ic o he analysis and pa e n c ea ion subsys em.
T aining
Da ase
Res s inclusion
Ba segmen a ion
JSON ile
Pa e nDa abase
Rhy hmic
pa e ns
Pi ch
pa e ns
Cho d
pa e ns
Figu e 2. Analysis and pa e n c ea ion subsys em.
Th ee di e en ypes o pa e ns a e lea ned, wi h each
indi idual pa e n co esponding o a ba : hy hmic pa -
e ns: du a ion o he no es in bea s; pi ch pa e ns: pi ch
con ou in o ma ion; and cho d pa e ns: no es sounding
simul aneously o each o he hy hmic igu es. Cho d
pa e ns cons i u e a new addi ion wi h espec o he ap-
p oach in [2]. I mus be said ha d ums a e conside ed no
uned ins umen s and he cho d pa e ns o d ums sound
a each bea .
2.2 Composi ion sys em
The composi ion sys em i s pe o ms he selec ion o he
hy hmic s uc u es. The hy hmic s uc u es las ou ba s
and hey a e andomly selec ed be ween among he ollow-
ing: AAAA, ABAB, ABBA, AABB, AABC, ABCA and
ABCD. The leng h o inal composi ions a e a combina-
ion o hese ou -ba s uc u es. Once he gene al hy h-
mic s uc u es a e de ined, he ack o each ins umen is
gene a ed. Each ins umen is ea ed in a sligh ly di e -
en way due o he di e ences be ween d ums, bass and
hy hmic gui a . In all ins umen , i s hy hmic, pi ch and
cho d pa e ns a e selec ed. The selec ions a e made in a
p obabilis ic way [2] wi h he ollowing pa icula i ies o
each ins umen :
•D um ack gene a ion: since d ums a e no uned
ins umen s, cho ds a e simply mapped in o a d um
ki .
•Bass ack gene a ion: he pi ch is co ec ed in o de
o i he melody o he cho d p og ession gene a ed.
•Rhy hmic gui a ack gene a ion: pi ch and cho d
a e co ec ed in o de o i gui a and bass.
3. ANDROID APP INTERFACE
The main sc een o he de eloped applica ion is p esen ed
in Fig. 4. This sc een shows he use op ions: he use
can selec he ins umen (s) o include in he composi ion:
d ums, bass, gui a ; key: majo o mino ; empo in bpm,
om 110 o 150 bpm); and composi ion leng h: 4 ba s o
comple e song wi h he s uc u e shown in 3.
Once he composi ion pa ame e s a e selec ed, he use
mus p ess he bu on w i e song. A e he song is com-
posed, i can be played in he phone o expo ed ia e-mail
(MIDI ile) o Wha sApp (*.wa ile).
In oduc ion
(4 ba s)
Ve se
(8 ba s)
Cho us
(8 ba s)
Ve se
(8 ba s)
Cho us
(8 ba s)
Figu e 3. Song s uc u e.
4. SYSTEM EVALUATION
A su ey has been designed o e alua e he quali y o he
au oma ic compose . The su ey includes h ee ques ions,
o each ques ion, h ee di e en music exce p s a e con-
side ed: wo o hem a e ex ac ed om popula ock songs
and he emaining one was composed by he applica ion
desc ibed. The pa icipan s a e eques ed o iden i y he
exce p s ha in hei opinion was c ea ed by an au oma ic
composi ion algo i hm. A ou h possible choice is al-
lowed: ”I don’ know”. The su ey also inqui es whe he
he subjec s ecognized any o he songs and, in such case,
iden i y hem in o de o e alua e i he pa icipan s musi-
cal knowledge a ec ed hei answe s.
A o al o 97 people answe ed he su ey; he esul s
a e shown in Table 1. As i can be seen om he esul s, in
Figu e 4. And oid App o music composi ion.
Iden i ica ion No Iden i ica ion
Ques ion 1 47.42 % 52.58 %
Ques ion 2 37.11 % 62.89 %
Ques ion 3 17.53 % 82.47 %
To al 34.02 %65.98 %
Table 1. Su ey esul s.
he i s ques ion almos hal o he pa icipan s iden i ied
he au oma ic compose ; when we e iewed he answe s
ega ding he ecogni ion o he exce p s, se e al pa ici-
pan s indica ed ha hey ecognized one o he samples in-
cluded in ha ques ion, which is consis en wi h he esul s
ob ained.
5. CONCLUSIONS
An au oma ic music composi ion App has been p esen ed.
This App gene a es ock music and includes d um, bass
and hy hmic gui a . In he nex mon hs i will be published
in he Google Play S o e. A subjec i e e alua ion shows
ha he exce p s c ea ed a e no dis inguished amongs o h-
e s c ea ed by human compose s.
6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This wo k has been unded by he Minis e io de Economa
y Compe i i idad o he Spanish Go e nmen unde P ojec
No. TIN2016-75866-C3-2-R. The wo k has been done
a Uni e sidad de Mlaga, Campus de Excelencia In e na-
cional Andaluca Tech.
7. REFERENCES
[1] D. Cope. Algo i hmic composi ion [ e]de ined. In
Panel Discussion in ICMC P oceedings, pages 23–25,
1993.
[2] C. Roig, L.J. Ta don, I. Ba bancho, and A.M. Ba -
bancho. Au oma ic melody composi ion based on a
p obabilis ic model o music s yle and ha monic ules.
Knowledge-Based Sys ems, (71):419–434, 2014.
[3] C. Roig, L.J. Ta don, I. Ba bancho, and A.M. Ba ban-
cho. A non-homogeneous bea -based ha mony ma ko
model. Knowledge-Based Sys ems, (142):85–94, 2018.