1
Elec onic Supplemen a y Ma e ial
Analy ical me hodology o un eiling human
exposu e o (mic o)plas ic addi i es
And ea Es é ez-Dan a a, Juan F. Ayala-Cab e a b,c,*, Ja ie López-Vázquez a, Mikel Musa adi b,c,
Rosa Mon es a,*, Nes o E xeba ia b,c, José Beni o Quin ana a, Mai ane Oli a es b,c, Aile e P ie o
b,c, Rosa io Rodil a, Manuel Mi ó d,*and Ola z Zuloaga b,c
a Depa men o Analy ical Chemis y, Nu i ion and Food Science, Ins i u e o Resea ch on Chemical and
Biological Analysis (IAQBUS), Uni e sidade de San iago de Compos ela (USC), San iago de Compos ela, Spain
b Depa men o Analy ical Chemis y, Uni e si y o he Basque Coun y (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
c Resea ch Cen e o Expe imen al Ma ine Biology and Bio echnology, Uni e si y o he Basque Coun y (PiE-
UPV/EHU), Plen zia, Spain
d FI-TRACE G oup, Depa men o Chemis y, Uni e si y o he Balea ic Islands (UIB), Palma de Mallo ca, Spain
Co esponding au ho s: D . Juan F. Ayala Cab e a ([email p o ec ed])
D . Rosa Ma ía Mon es Goyanes ([email p o ec ed])
D . Manuel Mi ó Lladó (manuel.[email p o ec ed])
Table o Con en s
Suppo ing Tables ...................................................................................................................................... 2
Table S1. Lis o plas ic addi i es and plas ic cons i uen s, including con en ional and al e na i e
plas icize s, lame- e a dan s an ioxidan s and bisphenol compounds, along wi h hei
main phase-I me aboli es included in his e iew (* e e s o me aboli es no discussed in
his e iew). ...................................................................................................................... 2
Table S2. Human o al bioaccessibili y da a o plas ic addi i es using di e en in- i o
physiologically based ex ac ion es s. (See Table S1 o he ull names o he
compounds). ..................................................................................................................... 6
Table S3. O e iew o he main me aboli es o plas ic- ela ed chemicals and hei espec i e 24-
hou exc e ion a es. ......................................................................................................... 7
Table S4. Concen a ion le els o plas icize s, bisphenols, lame e a dan s and an ioxidan s in
human biomoni o ing app oaches as applied o u ine, b eas milk and plasma (2019-
2023). (See Table S1 o he ull names o compounds, he “m” e e s o “me aboli e o ”)
....................................................................................................................................... 8
Suppo ing Figu es ................................................................................................................................... 17
Figu e S1. O e iew o physiologically-based ex ac ion es s o he in es iga ion o he
gas oin es inal, de mal and lung bioaccessibili y o plas ic- ela ed chemicals. In o al
bioaccessibili y, unde lined chemicals and expe imen al condi ions a e hose
ecommended by Ruby e al. (2002). The emaining condi ions a e bo h applied o UBM
and RIVM. ..................................................................................................................... 17
Figu e S2. Top phase I me aboli es moni o ed in human biomoni o ing pape s (2019-2023) included
in his e iew and gi en as he numbe o imes hey ha e been analyzed in biological
samples: a) p ima y and seconda y ph hala e es e me aboli es, b) p ima y and seconda y
phase-I me aboli es o al e na i e plas icize s, and c) p ima y phase-I me aboli es o
o ganophospha e lame- e a dan s. (See Table S1 o he ull names o compounds as well
as he in o ma ion ela ed o he pa en compound). ..................................................... 18
Re e ences ................................................................................................................................................. 19
2
Suppo ing Tables
Table S1. Lis o plas ic addi i es and plas ic cons i uen s, including con en ional and al e na i e
plas icize s, lame- e a dan s an ioxidan s and bisphenol compounds, along wi h hei main phase-
I me aboli es included in his e iew (* e e s o me aboli es no discussed in his e iew).
Ph hala e Es e s (PAEs)
Pa en
P ima y Phase I me aboli e
Seconda y Phase I me aboli e
DMP
dime hyl ph hala e
MMP
monome hyl ph hala e
n. .a
DEP
die hyl ph hala e
MEP
monoe hyl ph hala e
n. .a
DP P
dip opyl ph hala e
MnP P
mono-n-p opyl ph hala e
MCPP
(cx-MP P)
mono(3-ca boxyp opyl) ph hala e
DiP P
di-isop opyl ph hala e
MiPP
mono-isop opyl ph hala e
n. .a
DAP
diallyl ph hala e
MAP*
monoallyl ph hala e*
n. .a
DMEP
di(2-me hoxye hyl) ph hala e
MMEP*
monome hoxye hyl ph hala e*
MAA*
me hoxyace ic acid
DEEP
di(e hoxye hyl) ph hala e
MEEP*
monoe hoxye hyl ph hala e*
n. .a
DnBP
di-n-bu yl ph hala e
MnBP
mono-n-bu yl ph hala e
3OH-MnBP
mono(3-hyd oxybu yl) ph hala e
MCPP
mono (3-ca boxyp opyl)
ph hala e
DiBP
di-isobu yl ph hala e
MiBP
mono-isobu yl ph hala e
2OH-MiBP
mono(2-hyd oxy-isobu yl) ph hala e
DnPeP
dipen yl ph hala e
MnPeP
(MPP)
mono-n-pen yl ph hala e
cx-MPeP
mono(5-ca boxypen yl) ph hala e
OH-MPeP
mono(4-hyd oxypen yl) ph hala e
DiPeP
di-isopen yl ph hala e
MiPeP
mono-isopen yl ph hala e
4OH-MiPeP
mono(4-hyd oxy-isopen yl) ph hala e
DBEP
di(2-bu oxye hyl) ph hala e
n. .a
n. .a
BBzP
bu yl benzyl ph hala e
MBzP
monobenzyl ph hala e
n. .a
DnHP
di-n-hexyl ph hala e
MHxP
monohexyl ph hala e
5OH-MHxP
mono(5-hyd oxyhexyl) ph hala e
DMPP
di(4-me hyl-2-pen yl) ph hala e
n. .a
n. .a
DCHP
dicyclohexyl ph hala e
MCHP
monocyclohexyl ph hala e
n. .a
DEHP
di(2-e hylhexyl) ph hala e
MEHP
mono(2-e hylhexyl) ph hala e
cx-MEPP
mono(2-e hyl-5-ca boxypen yl)
ph hala e
MEHHP
mono(2-e hyl-5-hyd oxyhexyl)
ph hala e
MEOHP
mono(2-e hyl-5-oxohexyl) ph hala e
cx-MMHP
mono[(2-ca boxyme hyl)hexyl]
ph hala e
DP HP
di(2-p opylhep yl) ph hala e
cx-MPHxP
mono(2-p opyl-6-
ca boxyhexyl) ph hala e
n. .a
DHpP
di-n-hep yl ph hala e
MnHpP
mono-n-hep yl ph hala e
6OH-MnHpP
mono(6-hyd oxyhep yl) ph hala e
DnOP
di-n-oc yl ph hala e
MnOP
mono-n-oc yl ph hala e
cx-MiOP
mono(ca boxy-iso-oc yl) ph hala e
MCPP
mono(3-ca boxyp opyl) ph hala e
DnNP
di-nonyl ph hala e
MnNP
Mono-n-nonylph hala e
n. .a
DiNP
di-isononyl ph hala e
MiNP
mono-isononyl ph hala e
cx-MiNP
mono(ca boxy-isononyl) ph hala e
OH-MiNP
mono(hyd oxy-isononyl) ph hala e
oxo-MiNP
mono(oxo-isononyl) ph hala e
nPiPP
n-pen yl-isopen yl ph hala e
n. .a
n. .a
DiDP
di-isodecyl ph hala e
MiDP
(MPHP)
mono-isodecyl ph hala e
cx-MiDP
mono(ca boxy-isodecyl) ph hala e
OH-MiDP
mono(hyd oxy-isodecyl) ph hala e
oxo-MiDP
mono(oxo-isodecyl) ph hala e
a No epo ed.
3
Table S1 (con ). Lis o plas ic addi i es and plas ic cons i uen s, including con en ional and al e na i e
plas icize s, lame- e a dan s an ioxidan s and bisphenol compounds, along wi h hei main
phase-I me aboli es included in his e iew (* e e s o me aboli es no discussed in his
e iew).
Al e na i e plas icize s (APs)
Pa en
P ima y Phase I me aboli e
Seconda y Phase I me aboli e
DMTP
dime hyl e eph hala e
MMTP
monome hyl e eph hala e
n. .a
DETP
die hyl e eph hala e
METP
monoe hyl e eph hala e
n. .a
DTBTP
di- e -bu yl e eph hala e
MTBTP
mono- e -bu yl e eph hala e
n. .a
BBzTP
bu yl benzyl e eph hala e
MBzTP
monobenzyl e eph hala e
n. .a
DEHTP
di(e hylhexyl)
e eph hala e
TPA
e eph halic acid
n. .a
MEHTP
mono(2-e hylhexyl) e eph hala e
2cx-MMHTP
mono-(2-ca boxyl-me hyl-hexyl)
benzene-1,4-dica boxyla e
5cx-MEPTP
mono(2-e hyl-5-ca boxypen yl)
e eph hala e
MEHHTP
mono(2-e hyl-5-hyd oxyhexyl)
e eph hala e
MEOHTP
mono(2-e hyl-5-oxo-hexyl)
e eph hala e
DINCH
di(isononyl)cyclohexane-
1,2- dica boxyla e
MCOCH
cyclohexane-1,2-dica boxylic acid
monoca boxyisooc yl es e
n. .a
MINCH
mono-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-
dica boxyla e
cx-MINCH
Mono-(7-ca boxy-4-me hyl-
oc yl) cyclohexane-1,2-
dica boxyla e
OH-MINCH
Mono-(4-me hyl-7-hyd oxy-
oc yl) cyclohexane-1,2-
dica boxyla e
oxo-MINCH
Mono-(4-me hyl-7-oxo-oc yl)
cyclohexane-1,2-dica boxyla e
DEHA
di(2-e hylhexyl) adipa e
MEPA
mono(2-e hylpexyl) adipa e
5cx-MEPA
mono(5-ca boxy-2-e hylpen yl)
adipa e
MEHA
mono(2-e hylhexyl) adipa e
5OH-MEHA
mono(2-e hyl-5-hyd oxyhexyl)
adipa e
5oxo-MEHA
mono(2-e hyl-5-oxohexyl)
adipa e
TOTM
(TEHTM)
i(2-e hylhexyl)
imelli a e
1-MEHTM
1-mono-(2-e hylhexyl) imelli a e
5cx-1-MEPTM
1-mono(2-e hyl-5-
ca boxypen yl) imelli a e
5OH-1-MEHTM
1-mono(2-e hyl-5-hyd oxyhexyl)
imelli a e
5oxo-1-MEHTM
1-mono(2-e hyl-5-oxohexyl)
imelli a e
2-MEHTM
2-mono-(2-e hylhexyl) imelli a e
5cx-2-MEPTM
2-mono(2-e hyl-5-
ca boxypen yl) imelli a e
5OH-2-MEHTM
2-mono(2-e hyl-5-hyd oxyhexyl)
imelli a e
5oxo-2-MEHTM
2-mono(2-e hyl-5-oxohexyl)
imelli a e
4-MEHTM
4-mono-(2-e hylhexyl) imelli a e
n. .a
DiPGDB
dip opylene glycol
dibenzoa e
DiPGDB-
M194
3-(3-hyd oxyp opoxy)p opyl
benzoa e
n. .a
ATBC
Ace yl ibu yl ci a e
ADBC*
ace yl dibu yl ci a e*
AMBC*
ace yl monobu yl ci a e*
DBC*
dibu yl ci a e*
a No epo ed.
4
Table S1 (con ). Lis o plas ic addi i es and plas ic cons i uen s, including con en ional and al e na i e
plas icize s, lame- e a dan s an ioxidan s and bisphenol compounds, along wi h hei main
phase-I me aboli es included in his e iew (* e e s o me aboli es no discussed in his
e iew).
O ganophospha e Flame Re a dan s (OPFRs)
Pa en
P ima y Phase I me aboli e
Seconda y Phase I me aboli e
TMP
ime hyl phospha e
DMP
dime hyl phospha e
n. .a
TEP
ie hyl phospha e
DEP
die hyl phospha e
n. .a
TP P
ip opyl phospha e
DP P
dip opyl phospha e
n. .a
TnBP
i-n-bu yl phospha e
DBP
di-n-bu yl phospha e
n. .a
3OH-TNBP
di-n-bu yl-3-hyd oxybu yl phospha e
n. .a
TiBP
i-iso-bu yl phospha e
DIBP
diisobu yl phospha e
n. .a
TBzP
ibenzyl phospha e
DBzP
dibenzyl phospha e
n. .a
TCP
ic esyl phospha e
DoCP
di-o-c esyl phospha e
n. .a
BMPP
di(2-me hylhexyl) phospha e
n. .a
DpCP
di-p-c esyl phospha e
n. .a
TPHP
iphenyl phospha e
MPHP
Monophenyl phospha e
n. .a
DPHP
diphenyl phospha e
3OH-DPHP
3-hyd oxyphenyl
phenyl phospha e
4OH-DPHP
4-hyd oxyphenyl
phenyl phospha e
3OH-TPHP
3-hyd oxyphenyl diphenyl phospha e
n. .a
4OH-TPHP
4-hyd oxyphenyl diphenyl phospha e
n. .a
TPPO
iphenylphosphine oxide
n. .a
n. .a
TMPP
ime hylp opane phospah e
n. .a
n. .a
TEHP
i(2-e hylhexyl) phospha e
BEHP
di(2-e hylhexyl) phospha e
n. .a
TBOEP
i(2-bu oxye hyl) phospha e
BBOEP
di(2-bu oxye hyl) phospha e
n. .a
BBOEHEP
di(2-bu oxye hyl) 2-hyd oxye hyl
phospha e
n. .a
3OH-TBOEP
di(2-bu oxye hyl) 3-hyd oxyl-2-
bu oxye hyl phospha e
n. .a
TIPPP
i(isop opylphenyl) phospha e
IPPPP
isop opylphenyl phenyl phospha e
n. .a
EHDPHP
2-ehylhexyldiphenyl phospha e
EHPHP
2-e hylhexyl phenyl phospha e
n. .a
5OH-EHDPHP
2-e hyl-5-hyd oxyhexyl diphenyl
phospha e
n. .a
TClEP
i(2-chlo oe hyl) phospha e
BClEP
di(2-chlo oe hyl) phospha e
n. .a
TClPP
i(1-chlo o-2-p opyl) phospha e
BClPP
di(1-chlo o-2-p opyl) phospha e
n. .a
TDCIPP
i(1,3-dichlo o-2-p opyl) phospha e
BDCIPP
di(1,3-dichlo o-2-p opyl) phospha e
n. .a
TCIPP
i(2-chlo oisop opyl) phospha e
BCIPP
di(2-chlo op opyl) hyd ogen
phospha e
n. .a
BCIPHIPP
di(1-chlo o-2-p opyl) 1-hyd oxy-2-
p opyl phospha e
n. .a
TBP
i(2,3-dib omop opyl) phospha e
BDBPP
di(2,3-dib omop opyl) phospha e
n. .a
TBB
2-e hylhexyl-2,3,4,5-
e ab omobenzoa e
TBBA
2,3,4,5- e ab omobenzoic acid
n. .a
BDMEPPP
bis( e -bu yphenyl) phenylphospha e
BPPP
e -bu ylphenyl phenyl phospha e
n. .a
O he Flame Re a dan s (FRs)
n. .a
n. .a
TBBPA
e ab omobisphenol
2,4-DBP
2,4-dib omophenol
n. .a
HBCD
hexab omocyclodecane
OH-HBCD*
monohyd oxy-
hexab omocyclodecane*
n. .a
a No epo ed.
5
Table S1 (con ). Lis o plas ic addi i es and plas ic cons i uen s, including con en ional and al e na i e
plas icize s, lame- e a dan s an ioxidan s and bisphenol compounds, along wi h hei main
phase-I me aboli es included in his e iew (* e e s o me aboli es no discussed in his
e iew).
Syn he ic an ioxidan s compounds (SAs)
Pa en
P ima y Phase I me aboli e
BHT
2,6-di- e -bu yl-4-me hylphenol
BHT-OH
2,6-di- e -bu yl-4-(hyd oxyme hyl)phenol
BHT-CHO
3,5-di- e -bu yl-4-hyd oxybenzaldehyde
BHT-COOH
3,5-di- e -bu yl-4-hyd oxybenzoic acid
BHT-Q
2,6-di- e -bu ylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
BHT-quinol
3,5-di- e -bu yl-4-hyd oxy-4-hyd oxy-4-me hyl-2,5-
cyclohexadione
2-BHAa
2- e -bu yl-4-hyd oxyanisole
2-BHAa
2- e -bu yl-4-hyd oxyanisole
3-BHAa
3- e -bu yl-4-hyd oxyanisole
3-BHAa
3- e -bu yl-4-hyd oxyanisole
6PDD
N-(1,3-Dime hylbu yl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
6PDD-Q
6PDD-Quinone
Bisphenols
BPA
Bisphenol A
n. .b
BPC
Bisphenol C
n. .b
BPF
Bisphenol F
n. .b
BPG
Bisphenol G
n. .b
BPS
Bisphenol S
n. .b
BPAF
Bisphenol AF
n. .b
a Isome s.
b No epo ed.

6
Table S2. Human o al bioaccessibili y da a o plas ic addi i es using di e en in- i o physiologically based ex ac ion es s. (See Table S1 o he ull names
o he compounds).
O al bioaccessibili y
Re e ences
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
PBET
me hods
Fas ed
(mod. Ruby,
1996)b
Fas ed
(mod. Ruby,
1996)b
Fas ed
(CE-mod.
Ruby, 1996)b
Fas ed
(Ruby,
1996)b
Fas ed
(Ruby,
1996)b
Fas ed
(Ruby,
1996)b
Fas ed
(UBM)
Fas ed
(UBM)
Fed
(RIVM
me hod)
Fas ed (UBM)
and ed (RIVM)
me hods
Fas ed (UBM)
and ed (RIVM)
me hods
Fas ed (UBM) and
ed (FOREhST)
me hods
Plas ic
addi i es
% Bioaccessibili y
DMP
32
17-27
73-94
60-80
70-72
81-87
55-83
DEP
25
17-27
50-75
56-74
84-87
40-68
DnBP
15
1-5
45-50
18-27
80-100
12-32
BzBP
13
2-13
2-10
40-55
12-16
60-80
5-28
DEHP
10
2-13
1-5
20-40
<LOQa
30-40
5-32
DnOP
14
2-13
30-50
<LOQa
20-30
6-25
DiNP
2-13
30-50
2-22
BPA
30-43
80-99
48-51
37-67
TCEP
53-57
50-80
71-98
TClPP
53-94
50-57
41-82
16-52
TDClPP
48-99
15-27
9-57
<LOQa
TPP
7-8
5-24
TPhP
61-95
a Limi o quan i ica ion.
b Ruby, M. V., Da is, A., Schoo , R., Ebe le, S., and Sells one, C. M. 1996. Es ima ion o lead and a senic bioa ailabili y using a physiologically based ex ac ion es . En i on. Sci. Technol. 30:422–430.
7
Table S3. O e iew o he main me aboli es o plas ic- ela ed chemicals and hei espec i e 24-hou
exc e ion a es.
Pa en
Me aboli e
A e age
pe cen age o
exc e ion (24 h) a,b
Re e ences
Dime hyl ph hala e (DMP)
Monome hyl ph hala e (MMP)
69
[13]a
Die hyl ph hala e (DEP)
Monoe hyl ph hala e (MEP)
69
Di-isobu yl ph hala e (DiBP)
Mono-isobu yl ph hala e (MiBP)
71
Di-n-bu yl ph hala e (DnBP)
Mono-n-bu yl ph hala e (MnBP)
63
Bu yl benzyl ph hala e (BBzP)
Monobenzyl ph hala e (MBzP)
73
Di(2-e hylhexyl) ph hala e (DEHP)
Mono(2-e hyl-5-hyd oxyhexyl) ph hala e
(MEHHP)
16
Mono(2-e hyl-oxohexyl) ph hala e (MEOHP)
11
Mono(2-e hyl-5-ca boxypen yl) ph hala e
(cx-MEPTP)
14
Di-isononyl ph hala e (DiNP)
Mono(hyd oxy-isononyl) ph hala e (MHINP)
20.2
[14]
Mono(oxo-isononyl) ph hala e (oxo-MiNP)
10.6
Mono(ca boxy-isononyl) ph hala e (cx-MiNP)
10.7
Di-isodecyl ph hala e (DiDP)
Mono(ca boxy-isodecyl) ph hala e (cx-MiDP)
10.7
Di(2-e hylhexyl) e eph hala e
(DEHTP)
Mono(2-e hyl-5-hyd oxyhexyl) e eph hala e
(MEHHTP)
1.8
[15]
Mono(2-e hyl-5-oxohexyl) e eph hala e
(MEOHTP)
1.0
Mono(2-e hyl-5-ca boxypen yl) e eph hala e
(cx-MEPTP)
13
Di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-
dica boxyla e (DINCH)
Mono-isononyl-cyclohexane-1,2-dica boxyla e
(MINCH)
0.65
[15]
Mono-(7-ca boxy-4-me hyl-oc yl) cyclohexane-
1,2-dica boxyla e (cx-MINCH)
1.67
Mono-(4-me hyl-7-hyd oxy-oc yl) cyclohexane-
1,2-dica boxyla e (OH-MINCH)
9.55
Mono-(4-me hyl-7-oxo-oc yl) cyclohexane-1,2-
dica boxyla e (oxo-MINCH)
1.85
Bisphenol A (BPA)
Bisphenol A Monosul a e
(BPA-S)
3 / 12
[16,17]
Bisphenol A β-D-Glucu onide
(BPA-G)
87 / 64
Bisphenol S (BPS)
Bisphenol S β-D-Glucu onide
(BPS-G)
54
[18]
T i(2-bu oxye hyl) phospha e
(TBOEP)
Di(2-bu oxye hyl) phospha e (BBOEP)
0.75
[18]
Di(2-bu oxye hyl) 3-hyd oxyl-2-bu oxye hyl
phospha e (OH-TBOEP)
0.02
Di(2-bu oxye hyl) 2-hyd oxye hyl phospha e
(BBOEHEP)
5.77
a Ob ained om cu a ed me as udies, whene e possible.
b A e age co esponding o he sum o he exc e ion o he phase I me aboli e and i s phase II conjuga e a e being enzyma ically deconjuga ed,
excep o BPA and BPS, which co espond o phase-II me aboli es.
8
Table S4. Concen a ion le els o plas icize s, bisphenols, lame e a dan s and an ioxidan s in human biomoni o ing app oaches as applied o u ine, b eas milk
and plasma (2019-2023). (See Table S1 o he ull names o compounds, he “m” e e s o “me aboli e o ”)
Compound
Family
Nº
compounds
Region/
Coun y
Ma ix
Nº
Samples
S udied popula ion
Concen a ion ange pe amily
(ng/mL)
Analy e ound a highes
concen a ion
Re .
Plas icize s
PAEs, mPAEs, APs
and mAPs
50
Guangzhou,
China
B eas
milk
64
B eas - eeding women
PAEs: 2.12-34.1 ( ange)
DEHP
[19]
mPAEs: 4.41-138 ( ange)
MnBP
APs 0.252-16.1 ( ange)
DEHTP
mAPs: 0.02-5.52 ( ange)
MEHTP
mPAEs and mAPs
40
Copenhagen
, Denma k
U ine
300
Young Danish men
(18-30 yea s, 2009-
2017)
mPAEs: <LOD-6255 (max) o <LOD-85
(median) o <LOD-233 (75% P.) o <LOD-1565
(95% P.) (osmolali y adjus ed)
MEP
[20]
mAPs: 0.8-908 (max) o <LOD-3.79 (median) o
<LOD-9.53 (75% P.) o <LOD-42.5 (95% P.)
(osmolali y adjus ed)
5cx-MEPTP and OH-MINCH
mPAEs and mAPs
17
Copenhagen
, Denma k
U ine
349
Danish newbo ns and
hei pa en s
(In an s, n = 144;
mo he s n = 127; a he s
n = 118)
In an s: mPAEs: <LOD-381; mAPs: <LOD-583
( anges, osmolali y adjus ed)
MEP and ∑mDINCH (mola
sum o OH-MiNCH and cx-
MiNCH exp essed as DINCH)
[21]
Mo he s: mPAEs: <LOD-1022; mAPs: <LOD-
440 ( anges, osmolali y adjus ed)
∑mDiNP (mola sum o MiNP,
OH-MiNP, oxo-MiNP and cx-
MiOP exp essed as DiNP) and
∑mDEHTP (mola sum o
MEHHTP, MEOHTP, 5cx-
MEPTP and 2cx-MMHTP
exp essed as DEHTP)
Fa he s: mPAEs: <LOD-1162(Range); mAPs:
0.19-334 ( anges, osmolali y adjus ed)
mPAEs
11
No way
U ine
254
Gene al popula ion
(2016-2017)
n. .a
Dibu yl ph hala e me aboli es
(mDBPs)
[22]
mAPs (mDINCH)
3
Ge many
U ine
300
Young adul s
(2000-2017)
<0.05-72.4 ( ange, c ea inine adjus ed, ng/mL)
OH-MINCH
[23]
mPAEs
6
C e e,
G eece
U ine
100
P egnan women
(22-44 yea s)
4.9-2256.6 ( ange, unadjus ed)
MiBP
[24]
mPAEs and mAPs
(mDINCH)
23
Ko ea and
Thailand
U ine
183
P egnan women
(<14 weeks o ges a ion)
Ko ea: mPAEs (2.0-18.3); mDINCH (0.3-0.6)
(GMb o mPAEs and 75% P. o mDINCH, SG
adjus edc)
cx-MEPP, MEP and OH-
MINCH
[25]
Thailand: mPAEs (1.2-33); mDINCH (0.5)
(GM o mPAEs and 75% P. o mDINCH, SG
adjus edc)
mPAEs
19
Riyadh,
Saudi
A abia
U ine
109
Child en
(3-9 yea s)
0.8-277.5 (GMb, unadjus ed)
MEP
[26]
a No epo ed; b Geome ic mean; c Speci ic g a i y adjus ed.
9
Table S4 (con .). Concen a ion le els o plas icize s, bisphenols, lame e a dan s and an ioxidan s in human biomoni o ing app oaches as applied o u ine,
b eas milk and plasma (2019-2023). (See Table S1 o he ull names o compounds, he “m” e e s o “me aboli e o ”)
Compound
Family
Nº
compounds
Region/
Coun y
Ma ix
Nº
Samples
S udied popula ion
Concen a ion ange pe amily
(ng/mL)
Analy e ound a highes
concen a ion
Re e ences
Plas icize s
mPAEs and
mAPs
32
Indonesia,
Saudi
A abia
and
Thaliand
U ine
302
Child en
(3-11 yea s)
Indonesia: mPAEs (<LOQ-77.8); mAPs
(<LOQ-3.6) (GMb, unadjus ed)
5cx-MEPP and 5cx-MEPTP
[27]
Saudi A abia: mPAEs (1.2-270.5); mAPs
(<LOQ-139.6) (GMb, unadjus ed)
MEP and 5cx-MEPTP
Thailand: mPAEs (<LOQ-43.6); mAPs
(<LOQ-8) (GMb, unadjus ed)
MnBP and 5cx-MEPTP
mPAEs
11
Senzhen,
China
U ine
309
Was e incine a ion
plan wo ke s (cases, n
= 104) and gene al
popula ion 8 km away
om he incine a o
plan (con ols, n =
205)
Cases: 217-3480 ( ange, unadjus ed)
MEP and MnBP
[28]
Con ols: n.d.-1850 ( ange, unadjus ed)
MnBP
mPAEs
18
Kyo o,
Japan
U ine
132
Gene al popula ion
(1993-2016)
<LOD-2508 ( ange, c ea inine adjus ed,
µg/g)
MEP
[29]
mPAEs
16
Aichi
Region,
Japan
U ine
1023
Toddle s
(1.5-yea -old)
41-34696 nmol/L ( ange) o 496 nmol/L
(GMb) (unadjus ed)
cx-MEPP
[30]
mPAEs and
mAPs
19
Illinois,
USA
U ine
482
P egnan women
(18-40 yea s, 2013-
2018)
mPAEs: 0.7-25 (median) o 0.4-12.6 (25%
P.) o 1.5-46.5 (75% P.) (unadjus ed)
MEP
[31]
mAPs: 9.2-69.2 (median) o 4.0-24.7 (25%
P.) o 20.7-146 (75% P.) (unadjus ed)
cx-MEPTP
mPAEs and
mAPs
(mDINCH)
10
Liege,
Belgium
U ine
251
Gene al popula ion
(2015 and 2018)
mPAEs: <LOQ-21.25 (median) o 1.10-
62.85 (75% P.) o 2.4-689.67 (95% P.)
(unadjus ed)
MEP
[32]
mAPs: <LOQ (median) o <LOQ-4.76
(75% P.) o 9.13-35.99 (95% P.)
(unadjus ed)
OH-MINCH
mPAEs
16
Jalisco,
Mexico
U ine
90
P egnan women
(< 20 weeks o
ges a ion)
<LOD- 1830 ( ange, unadjus ed) o 0.3 -
55.8 (GMb, unadjus ed) o 2.1 - 48.6
(median, unadjus ed) o 1.7-55.8 (GMb,
c ea inine adjus ed, µg/g)
MEP
[33]
mPAEs
21
Ge many
U ine
2256
Child en and
eenage s (2014-2017)
0.6 - 27.0 ( ange) o 0.6 - 26.1 (GMb)
(Unadjus ed)
MiBP
[34]
b Geome ic mean; c Speci ic g a i y adjus ed.
16
Table S5. (con .). Su ey o Co ec ion Fac o s (CFs) and es ima ed exposu e o se e al plas ic- ela ed chemicals by WBE. (See Table S1 o he ull names o
compounds).
Class
Compound
Bioma ke
CF
Es ima ed exposu e (µg inh-1 day-1)
Loca ion
Re .
Bisphenols
BPA
BPA-S
24.7
43 ± 9 - 407 ± 183
2 ci ies Belgium, 1 ci y
Spain, 1 ci y C oa ia
[61]
Bisphenols
BPA
BPA-S
0.45
4 – 6
1 ci y, USA
[62]
BPS
F ee BPS
(1)
91 ± 59
Bisphenols
BPA
BPA-S
0.45
0.16
0.97±0.1 - 157±16 (4)
0.35 ±0.03 - 46.2 ±5.6 (4)
5 WWTP, UK
[63]
Flame e a dan s
TBOEP
BBOEHEP
13.9
395 ± 60 - 1783 ± 830
2 ci ies Belgium, 1 ci y
Spain, 1 ci y C oa ia
[61]
Flame e a dan s
TBOEP
BBOEP
OH-TBOEP
BBOEHEP
(1)
(3)
5 ci ies, Eu ope
[64]
TPHP
DPHP (2)
OH-DPHP
(1)
(3)
TDCIPP
BDCIPP
(1)
(3)
EHDPHP
DPHP (2)
OH-EHDPHP
EHPHP
(1)
(3)
TCIPP
BCIPP
BCIPHIPP
(1)
(3)
TClEP
F ee TClEP
(1)
(3)
Flame e a dan s
TClPP
BClPP
45-47
1 ci y, Spain
[65]
Flame e a dan s
TCIPP
BCIPHIPP
1.8-3.3
4 ci ies, Belgium
[66]
TCEP
F ee TClEP
18-108
EHDPHP
DPHP (2)
EHPHP
5OH-EHDPHP
18-175
38-393
0.6-2.7
TBOEP
BBOEHEP
3OH-TBOEP
6.9-35
12-61
TPHP
DPHP (2)
18-175
(1) No co ec ion ac o was applied. (2) bioma ke o exposu e o mo e han 1 pa en compound (3) Da a epo ed in igu es (4) Loads epo ed as µg day-1 kg-1.

17
Suppo ing Figu es
Figu e S1. O e iew o physiologically-based ex ac ion es s o he in es iga ion o he gas oin es inal, de mal and lung bioaccessibili y o plas ic- ela ed
chemicals. In o al bioaccessibili y, unde lined chemicals and expe imen al condi ions a e hose ecommended by Ruby e al. (2002). The emaining
condi ions a e bo h applied o UBM (Uni ied Bioaccessibili y Me hod) and RIVM (Du ch Ins i u e o Public Heal h and he En i onmen Me hod).
ALF: A i icial Lysosomal Fluid, SSSM: Syn he ic Swea and Sebum Mix u e.
Condi ionsIno g. sal s
Condi ionsIno g. sal s O g. species Biomolecules
KCl
KSCN
NaH2PO4
Na2SO4
NaCl
NaHCO3(RIVM)
NaOH (UBM)
U ea
U ic acid α-Amylase
Mucin pH = 6.8 ± 0.2
10 s
37°C
KCl
NaH2PO4
Na2SO4
NaCl
CaCl2
NH4Cl
HCl
U ea
D+ Glucose
D- Glucu onic
acid
D- Glucosamine
Mucin
BSA
Pepsin
pH = 1.30 ±
0.02 1 h (UBM)
2 h (RIVM)
pH = 2.0
1 h (Ruby e al)
37°C
Mou h
KCl
NaCl
NaHCO3
KH2PO4
MgCl2
CaCl2
HCl
U ea BSA
Panc ea in
Lipase
Bile sal s
pH = 8.1 ± 0.2
4 h (UBM)
2 h (RIVM)
pH = 7.5
3 h (Ruby e al.)
37°C
S omach Small in es ine Colon (Tils on, 2011)
KCl
NaCl
NaHCO3
MgSO4
KH2PO4
K2HPO4
CaCl2
L-Cys eine
Haemin Mucin
Bile sal s pH = 6.5
8 h
37°C
MgCl2
NaCl
Na2HPO4
Na2SO4
CaCl2
NaOH (ALF)
NaHCO3
(Gamble)
KCl (Gamble)
Sodium ci a e
Ci ic acid
(ALF)
Glycine
(ALF)
Na2Ta a e
(ALF)
NaLac a e
(ALF)
NaPy u a e
(ALF)
Sodium ace a e
(Gamble)
pH = 4.5 (ALF)
7.4 (Gamble)
96 h
37°C
Na2SO4
NaCl
NH4OH
NH4Cl
NaHCO3
Na2HPO4
KCl
MgCl2
CaCl2
CuCl2
FeSO4
Ace ic acid
Bu y ic acid
D+ Glucose
Lac ic acid
U ea
C ea inine
Squalene
Palmi yl
Palmi a e
T iolein
Choles e yl
Olea e
pH = 5.3 ± 0.1
1 h
32°C
Lung
(Gamble and ALF me hods)
De mal (SSSM me hod)
O al (UBM,
RIVM, Ruby
and Tils on
me hods)
O g. species
Gas oin es inal
18
Figu e S2. Top phase I me aboli es moni o ed in human biomoni o ing pape s (2019-2023) included in his
e iew and gi en as he numbe o imes hey ha e been analyzed in biological samples: a) p ima y
and seconda y ph hala e es e me aboli es, b) p ima y and seconda y phase-I me aboli es o
al e na i e plas icize s, and c) p ima y phase-I me aboli es o o ganophospha e lame- e a dan s.
(See Table S1 o he ull names o compounds as well as he in o ma ion ela ed o he pa en
compound).
19
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