Au umn mig a ion o soa ing bi ds in
No h Dob ogea, Romania: a s udy wi h
implica ions o wind a m de elopmen
A ilA Fülöp1, 2, *, Lő inc Bă Bos1, GáBo M. Bóné1, sziLá d J.
da óczi1, Luca a. deheLean1, éka B. kiss1, is án ko ács1,
a iLa naGy1, aMás PaPP1
A ila Fülöp, Lő inc Bă bos, Gábo M. Bóné, Szilá d J. Da óczi, Luca A. Dehelean, Réka
B. Kiss, Is án Ko ács, A ila Nagy, Tamás Papp 2012. Te mikelő mada ak őszi onulása
Észak-Dob udzsában, Romániában: szempon ok a széle őmű pa kok e ezéséhez. – O nis
Hunga ica 20(2): 73–85.
Abs ac In Dob ogea, a co e a ea o wind ene gy exploi a ion in Romania, exis ing knowledge ega ding he
in ensi y and pa e n o bi d mig a ion is limi ed. In he absence o enume a ed da a, wind a ms may be cons uc ed
in a eas whe e la ge agg ega ions o mig an s pass. In his s udy we eco ded he in ensi y o he au umn mig a ion
o soa ing bi ds in h ee loca ions wi hin he Măcin Moun ains, whe e wind a ms a e planned o be buil . The loca-
ions chosen we e a Văcă eni, G eci and Ce na illages. Fu he mo e we ca ego ized all mig a ing indi iduals as
h ea ened o non- h ea ened by he planned wind a ms, based on hei mig a ion ou es and heigh a local scale.
A Văcă eni 4.716 indi iduals we e coun ed, 3.394 ap o s and 1.322 non- ap o s, a G eci 2.387 indi iduals, 2.064
ap o s and 323 non- ap o s, and inally a Ce na, 5.268 indi iduals, 4.529 ap o s and 739 non- ap o s. A all h ee
si es a signi ican p opo ion o bi ds, bo h ap o s and non- ap o s, we e ound o be h ea ened by he p oposed
wind a ms. A Văcă eni 68.33% o ap o s and 84.95% o non- ap o s we e a h ea , a G eci 44.48% and 54.18%
espec i ely, and a Ce na 59.37% and 94.86%. As such we conclude ha in ensi e mig a ion occu s in No h Dob-
ogea and wind a ms would ha e a conside able nega i e impac on mig an s in he s udied a eas.
Keywo ds: Măcin Moun ains, mig a ion co ido , ap o s, wind ene gy, impac
Össze oglalás A madá onulás in enzi ásá ól és min áza á ól Dob udzsa e üle é ől, mely egy kulcs on osságú égi-
ó jelen Románia számá a, a szélene gia hasznosí ása szempon jából csekély mennyiségű isme e el endelkezünk.
A meg elelő in o mációk hiányában a széle őmű pa koka olyan e üle ek e épí he ik, ahol jelen ős madá ömegek
onulnak el. Vizsgála unkban a e mikelő mada ak őszi onulásá kö e ük a Măcin-hegység é ségében, Văcă eni,
G eci és Ce na elepülések ha á ában, aho a a közeljö őben széle őmű pa koka e eznek lé esí eni. Az á onuló
egyedeke megszámol uk, majd minden madá ese ében megállapí o uk, összehasonlí a a onulási ú onalá és
magasságá a e eze széle őmű ek ha áskö ze é el, hogy eszélyez e e -e agy sem a e eze a szél u binák
ál al. Văcă eni-nél összesen 4716 egyede észlel ünk, 3394 agadozó és 1322 nem agadozó , G eci-nél 2387 egye-
de , 2064 agadozó és 323 nem agadozó , és égül Ce na-nál 5268 egyede , 4529 agadozó és 739 nem agadozó .
Văcă eni-nél a agadozók 68,33%-a és a nem agadozók 84,95%-a onul a eszélyes zónában, G eci-nél a agado-
zók 44,48%-a, a nem agadozók 54,18%-a, Ce na-nál a agadozók 59,37%-a, alamin a nem agadozók 94,86%-a
epül á a eszélyes e üle en. E edményeink alapján megállapí ha juk, hogy Észak-Dob udzsában jelen ős őszi
madá onulás igyelhe ő meg, alamin a e eze széle őmű pa kok jelen ős kockáza o jelen enének a onuló
mada ak a, ha megépülnének.
Kulcssza ak: Măcin-hegység, onulási olyosó, agadozók, szélene gia, eszély o ás
1
Mil us G oup – Bi d and Na u e P o ec ion Associa ion, C inului s ee 22, 540620 Tâ gu Mu eş, Romania
2
MTA-DE “Lendüle ” Beha iou al Ecology Resea ch G oup, Depa men o E olu iona y Zoology and Human Biology,
Uni e si y o Deb ecen, Egye em é 1, 4032 Deb ecen, Egye em é 1., Hunga y
* Co espondence o A ila Fülöp: e-mail: [email p o ec ed]o, add ess: Mil us G oup – Bi d and Na u e P o ec ion
Associa ion, C inului s ee 22, 540620 Tâ gu Mu eş, Romania
O nis Hunga ica 2012. 20(2): 73–85.
doi: 10.2478/o hu-2013-0009
ORNIS HUNGARICA 2012. 20(2)
74
In oduc ion
The mo e o al e na i e ene gy sou ces has
become one o he mos impo an s a egies
in he Eu opean Union o he educ ion o
g eenhouse gas emissions (Nagy & Kö men-
di 2012). Along wi h sola powe , hyd oe-
lec ic powe and geo he mal ene gy, wind is
an impo an enewable ene gy sou ce whi-
ch, when exploi ed h ough wind u bines,
can p oduce elec ici y wi h minimal ca bon
emissions. Cu en ly wind ene gy p o ides
o 5.3% o he EU’s ene gy consump ion.
Howe e , his is se o ise s eeply o e he
nex wo decades as he EU mo es owa ds
i s a ge o gene a ing 28.5% o i s elec i-
ci y usage by 2030, acco ding o some sce-
na ios (EWEA 2011). This implies in ensi-
e p oli e a ion o wind a ms, and al eady
a cons an inc ease can be spo ed all o e
Eu ope, including Romania, and inside Ro-
mania especially in Dob ogea.
Dob ogea is a egion si ua ed in he
Sou h-Eas e n pa o he coun y, be ween
he Danube Ri e and he Black Sea. I is
cha ac e ized by an a id clima e and windy
wea he , which shows a high in ensi y o e
he whole pe iod o he yea (Lungu e al.
2009). Due o i s clima e, Dob ogea cons i-
u es a p io i y a ea o Romania o exploi
wind ene gy (RWEA 2011) and as such he
numbe o wind a ms has inc eased signi i-
can ly in his egion in he las ew yea s,
wi h he o al capaci y o he app o ed p o-
jec s un il Janua y 2012 eaching 5000 MW
powe (CN T anselec ica SA 2012).
Al hough wind a ms a e gene ally ecog-
nized as a ‘g een’ ene gy sou ce wi h a ious
bene i s, se e al ad e se e ec s o wind a -
ms on lying animals (e.g. bi ds and ba s)
can be highligh ed, which canno be neglec-
ed ( e iewed by D ewi & Langs on 2006,
Hö ke e al. 2006, Kunz e al. 2007, D ewi
& Langs on 2008). As a p ima y impac on
bi ds, (1) wind a ms cause habi a dis u -
bance, bo h du ing building (Pea ce-Higgins
e al. 2012) and du ing unc ioning (Ga in
e al. 2011, Ca e e e al. 2012, De Lucas
e al. 2012). Beside habi a dis u bance, (2)
wind a ms also p oduce a ba ie -e ec in
he cou se o passing indi iduals (D ewi &
Langs on 2006, P ue e al. 2009), and, (3)
mos signi ican ly, he e is a high isk o colli-
sion o lying animals wi h he mo ing o o
blades (D ewi & Langs on 2006), which can
occu bo h du ing local mo emen s, o du ing
mig a ion. Thus seden a y and mig a ing in-
di iduals can be a ec ed as well (D ewi &
Langs on 2006). Collision isk, hence mo a-
li y a e, o bi ds a wind a ms can be highly
a iable o e he yea (De Lucas e al. 2008)
and i depends on a wide ange o ac o s, like
bi d species, numbe and beha io o indi-
iduals, ligh s a egy, mig a o y beha io ,
wea he condi ions and su ace opog aphy
( e iewed by D ewi & Langs on 2006,
D ewi & Langs on 2008), as well as om
u bine heigh and ele a ion abo e sea le el
(De Lucas e al. 2008). I has been shown p e-
iously ha he mos a ec ed g oups a e bi -
ds using he soa ing-gliding ligh s yle, like
ap o s (Ga in e al. 2011). The e o e, based
on ou p esen knowledge, he scena io wi h
he highes collision isk would be a lock o
soa ing bi ds lying a he heigh o he wind
a ms in bad wea he condi ions, o e a mig-
a ion ou e (Kikuchi 2008).
Rap o s and o he soa ing bi ds mig a-
e o e well-es ablished mig a ion ou es
(o mig a ion co ido s) and gene ally use
geog aphical bo lenecks (e.g. Bospo us,
Gib al a , Suez) o c oss la ge wa e su aces
(Fe guson-Lees & Ch is ie 2001). O e hese
mig a ion ou es and bo lenecks la ge con-
cen a ions o mig a ing bi ds can be coun-
ed (New on 2008). In Romania, Dob ogea
75
is de ined as an impo an mig a ion co i-
do o bi ds coming om he No he n- and
No h-Eas e n pa o Eu ope and heading o
A ica h ough he Bospo us, ollowing he
Via Pon ica lyway, a sec ion o he Eu asi-
an – Eas A ican Flyway which uns down
he Wes e n coas o he Black Sea (Doma-
hidi e al. 2004, New on 2008, Miche e al.
2012). La ge numbe s o bi ds pass e e y
au umn o e Dob ogea (Domahidi & Komá-
omi 2004, Domahidi e al. 2004, Komá omi
2005, Mil us G oup 2008, Pâ âu 2011). The
geog aphical dis ibu ion o he mig an s is
ela i ely uni o m, howe e mig a ion in-
ensi y ends o be mo e accen ua ed on he
Wes e n- and Eas e n pa s o he egion
(Mil us G oup 2011).
In he p esen s udy we p o ide da a on he
magni ude o au umn mig a ion o se e al
ap o s and o he bi d species in h ee di e-
en egions o No h Dob ogea, all loca ed
wi hin he a ea o Măcin Moun ains, whe e
wind a ms a e planned o be cons uc ed in
he nea u u e. All h ee s udy si es a e pa
o a Na u a 2000 si e (ROSPA0073) o a e in
he nea icini y o i , hus ep esen a eas o
high conse a ion p io i y. Beside he num-
be o mig a ing indi iduals we y o assess
he po en ial impac o wind a ms on he
mig an s, based on he mig a ion ou e and
heigh o indi iduals compa ed o he ope a-
ing ange o wind u bines a local scale. Ou
s udy highligh s he impo ance o his egion
as a mig a ion co ido and he po en ial ne-
ga i e e ec o he wind a ms on mig an s.
Ma e ial and Me hods
Species o in e es
We ocused ou s udy on se e al bi d spe-
cies which may be nega i ely in luenced by
he p esence o wind a ms in he cou se o
hei mig a ion. Typically such g oups in-
clude all ap o s and o he la ge-sized so-
a ing bi ds (e.g. S o ks, Pelicans, C anes).
Beside he enume a ed axa we also eco -
ded he species belonging o he ollowing
g oups: Co mo an s, He ons, Geese, Ducks,
Gulls and Pigeons. Mos o hese bi ds a e
la ge-sized, hus hey can be de ec ed and
coun ed om long dis ances.
S udy si es
We made ou obse a ions om h ee di e-
en coun poin s simul aneously. Coun
poin s we e loca ed in he a ea o Măcin
Moun ains, in he icini y o he illages o
Văcă eni (N 45.265267°, E 028.227751°),
G eci (45.136395°, E 028.263373°) and
Ce na (N 45.068871°, E 028.346660°). In
all he h ee places wind a ms a e planned
o be buil wi h a ious numbe o wind u -
bines: 35 a Văcă eni (APM Tulcea 2011a,
APM Tulcea 2011b, APM Tulcea 2011c, As
O imex New SRL 2011a, As O imex New
SRL 2012a), 24 a G eci (As O imex New
SRL 2011b, As O imex New SRL 2012b,
As O imex New SRL 2012c) and 27 a Ce -
na (APM Tulcea 2011d, As O imex New
SRL 2011c, As O imex New SRL 2013).
Obse a ion poin s we e placed on he op
o hills o ha e good isibili y on he s udy
a eas and o maximize he chance o obse -
e mig a ing bi ds o e la ge dis ances (see
Figu e 1).
Gene al su ey p ocedu es
We eco ded he ‘ isible’ mig a ion o bi ds
in he au umn o 2012 du ing wo di e en
pe iods, be ween 20–30 Sep embe and
5–14 Oc obe , summing 21 obse a ion
days in o al. Su ey pe iods we e chosen
A. Fülöp, L. Bă bos, G. M. Bóné, Sz. J. Da óczi, L. A. Dehelean,
R. B. Kiss, I. Ko ács, A. Nagy, T. Papp
ORNIS HUNGARICA 2012. 20(2)
76
Figu e 1. Map showing he loca ion o he s udy si es in Măcin Moun ains. A highligh ed iew o each
si e shows he posi ioning o he coun poin s in ela ion o he dis ibu ion o he planned
wind u bines and su ace opog aphy
1. áb a A izsgál e üle ek elhelyezkedése a Măcin-hegység é ségében (bal oldal). Az egyes min-
a e üle eke külön-külön áb ázoló é kép, mely a meg igyelőpon elhelyezkedésé szem-
lél e i a e eze szél u binák helyze éhez és a elszín dombo za ához iszonyí a (jobb
oldal)
77
o co e he mig a ion peak o he wo mos
abundan mig a ing ap o s in Dob ogea in
his pe iod, he Lesse Spo ed Eagle (Aqui-
la poma ina) and he Common Buzza d
(Bu eo bu eo) espec i ely (Pâ âu 2011).
Acco ding o p e ious s udies (Domahi-
di e al. 2004, Pâ âu 2011) he mig a ion
peak o he Lesse Spo ed Eagles in he
a ea o Măcin Moun ains is in he second
hal o Sep embe . The abundance o mi-
g a ing Common Buzza ds luc ua es o e
ime, bu he highes numbe s we e eco -
ded be ween 20 Sep embe and 15 Oc obe
(Domahidi & Komá omi 2004, Komá omi
2005, Pâ âu 2011).
We ca ied ou ou obse a ions e e y
day be ween 9 AM and 6 PM acco ding o
he me hod desc ibed by Bi d & Bilds ein
(2007). Du ing hese hou s 2-4 o ni holo-
gis s we e p esen on e e y su ey poin , ac-
i ely sea ching o mig a o y bi ds a i ing
om he No h, No h-Eas o No h-Wes ,
bu wi hou dis ega ding he o he di ec ions
ei he . Su eyo s we e equipped wi h bino-
cula s (Leica Ul a id HD 10×42) and spo -
ing scopes (Kowa TSN-883, eyepieces 30×
and 20-60×). Obse a ions we e suspended
only in case o bad wea he condi ions ( ain
o og), when he isibili y dec eased sig-
ni ican ly and coun ing became impossible.
We eco ded all he obse ed mig a ing in-
di iduals o locks in s anda d da a shee s.
Mig a ing bi ds we e iden i ied a species
le el. I accu a e de e mina ion was im-
possible, bi ds we e de e mined a genus
le el o ma ked as unknown. Uniden i ied
ap o s we e no ed using a common e e en-
ce as ‘Rapaces sp.’. Beside he numbe o
indi iduals we eco ded he ligh di ec ion,
dis ance om he coun poin and p esence
o absence in he isk zone. Wande ing indi-
iduals we e also no ed (e.g. bi ds coming
om Sou h).
Sa e zone and isk zone
Wi hin he h ee s udy si es we de e mined
he isk zone and he sa e zone. The isk
zone was delimi ed as he o al ope a ion
ange o he planned wind u bines. This
ook in o accoun he al i ude g adien ,
anging be ween 0–200 me e s abo e he
g ound le el, o gi e he app oxima e an-
ge o mo ion o an a e age wind u bine.
Indi iduals lying wi hin he desc ibed al-
i ude limi s inside he a ea o a wind a m
a e conside ed as p esen ing a high collisi-
on isk wi h ope a ing wind u bines. The
sa e zone was de ined as all he a ea ou side
o he planned wind a ms, o he al i ude
>200 me e s abo e g ound inside he a ea
o he wind a ms, he heigh om which
mos mig a ing bi ds can sa ely c oss abo e
he wind a m a ea.
Double coun s and da a manipula ion
Double coun ing inside he same s udy a ea
was p e en ed by ollowing e e y bi d o
lock du ing i s ansi ion o e he egion,
heading mainly om No h o Sou h, om
he momen o i s i s de ec ion un il he
momen o disappea ance. Double coun ing
be ween he coun poin s canno be comp-
le ely a oided due o he posi ioning o he
poin s along an app oxima e No h-Sou h
g adien . Al hough he coun poin s we e a
ela i ely la ge dis ances om each o he ,
o e es ima es in he o al numbe o indi i-
duals canno be excluded.
The numbe o obse ed mig an s was
summed and he p opo ion o h ea ened
and non- h ea ened indi iduals was calcu-
la ed in he case o e e y species a all he
h ee coun poin s sepa a ely.
A. Fülöp, L. Bă bos, G. M. Bóné, Sz. J. Da óczi, L. A. Dehelean,
R. B. Kiss, I. Ko ács, A. Nagy, T. Papp

ORNIS HUNGARICA 2012. 20(2)
78
SPECIES NAME Th ea ened P opo ion o
h ea ened (%)
Non-
h ea ened
P opo ion o non-
h ea ened (%)
To al a coun
poin (100%)
Rap o s
Eu opean Honey-buzza d Pe nis api o us 4 66.67 2 33.33 6
Osp ey Pandion haliae us 1 33.33 2 66.67 3
Black Ki e Mil us mig ans 2 100.00 0 0.00 2
Sho - oed Eagle Ci cae us gallicus 28 66.67 14 33.33 42
Whi e- ailed Eagle Haliaee us albicilla 6 85.71 1 14.29 7
No he n Goshawk Accipi e gen ilis 1 100.00 0 0.00 1
Eu asian Spa owhawk Accipi e nisus 130 65.66 68 34.34 198
Le an Spa owhawk Accipi e b e ipes 2 100.00 0 0.00 2
Wes e n Ma sh Ha ie Ci cus ae uginosus 59 79.73 15 20.27 74
Hen Ha ie Ci cus cyaneus 14 82.35 3 17.65 17
Pallid Ha ie Ci cus mac ou us 11 73.33 4 26.67 15
Common Buzza d Bu eo bu eo 1495 63.83 847 36.17 2342
Long-legged Buzza d Bu eo u inus 2 50.00 2 50.00 4
Rough-legged Buzza d Bu eo lagopus 1 100.00 0 0.00 1
Lesse Spo ed Eagle Aquila poma ina 431 82.57 91 17.43 522
G ea e Spo ed Eagle Aquila clanga 3 75.00 1 25.00 4
Boo ed Eagle Aquila penna a 3 42.86 4 57.14 7
Common Kes el Falco innunculus 3 75.00 1 25.00 4
Red- oo ed Falcon Falco espe inus 82 100.00 0 0.00 82
Eu asian Hobby Falco subbu eo 19 79.17 5 20.83 24
Sake Falcon Falco che ug 1 33.33 2 66.67 3
Pe eg ine Falcon Falco pe eg inus 6 75.00 2 25.00 8
Uniden i ied ap o Rapaces sp. 15 57.69 11 42.31 26
To al ap o s 2319 68.33 1075 31.67 3394
Non- ap o s
Mu e Swan Cygnus olo 0 0.00 1 100.00 1
G ea Whi e Pelican Pelecanus onoc o alus 133 100.00 0 0.00 133
G ea Co mo an Phalac oco ax ca bo 8 38.10 13 61.90 21
Pygmy Co mo an Phalac oco ax pygmeus 1 100.00 0 0.00 1
Whi e S o k Ciconia ciconia 11 84.62 2 15.38 13
Black S o k Ciconia nig a 235 72.98 87 27.02 322
Black-headed Gull Ch oicocephalus idibundus 2 100.00 0 0.00 2
Yellow-legged/Caspian Gull La us michahellis/cachinanns 0 0.00 3 100.00 3
Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus 491 92.82 38 7.18 529
S ock Do e Columba oenas 142 91.61 13 8.39 155
Uniden i ied pigeon Columba sp. 100 70.42 42 29.58 142
To al non- ap o s 1123 84.95 199 15.05 1322
TOTAL 3442 72.99 1274 27.01 4716
Table 1. To al numbe o mig a ing indi iduals eco ded a Văcă eni s udy si e du ing he ull
s udy pe iod. The dis ibu ion o mig an s be ween he isk zone (ma ked as Th ea ened)
and sa e zone (ma ked as Non- h ea ened) shows he po en ial impac o wind a ms
1. ábláza A Văcă eni-i meg igyelőpon on, a eljes izsgála i időszak ala ögzí e , á onuló
egyedek összessége. Az egyedek eloszlása a eszélyes, ille e a nem eszélyes zónában a
e eze széle őmű pa kok po enciális ha ásá mu a ják
79
SPECIES NAME Th ea ened P opo ion o
h ea ened (%)
Non-
h ea ened
P opo ion o non-
h ea ened (%)
To al a coun
poin (100%)
Rap o s
Eu opean Honey-buzza d Pe nis api o us 6 60.00 4 40.00 10
Osp ey Pandion haliae us 3 100.00 0 0.00 3
Black Ki e Mil us mig ans 1 100.00 0 0.00 1
Sho - oed Eagle Ci cae us gallicus 13 50.00 13 50.00 26
Whi e- ailed Eagle Haliaee us albicilla 1 12.50 7 87.50 8
G i on Vul u e Gyps ul us 2 100.00 0 0.00 2
Eu asian Spa owhawk Accipi e nisus 94 58.39 67 41.61 161
Le an Spa owhawk Accipi e b e ipes 2 100.00 0 0.00 2
Wes e n Ma sh Ha ie Ci cus ae uginosus 23 67.65 11 32.35 34
Hen Ha ie Ci cus cyaneus 9 81.82 2 18.18 11
Pallid Ha ie Ci cus mac ou us 3 60.00 2 40.00 5
Common Buzza d Bu eo bu eo 572 38.49 914 61.51 1486
Long-legged Buzza d Bu eo u inus 1 100.00 0 0.00 1
Rough-legged Buzza d Bu eo lagopus 1 100.00 0 0.00 1
Lesse Spo ed Eagle Aquila poma ina 168 59.79 113 40.21 281
G ea e Spo ed Eagle Aquila clanga 2 100.00 0 0.00 2
Boo ed Eagle Aquila penna a 3 100.00 0 0.00 3
Common Kes el Falco innunculus 0 0.00 1 100.00 1
Eu asian Hobby Falco subbu eo 7 100.00 0 0.00 7
Uniden i ied ap o Rapaces sp. 7 36.84 12 63.16 19
To al ap o s 918 44.48 1146 55.52 2064
Non- ap o s
Dalma ian Pelican Pelecanus c ispus 0 0.00 2 100.00 2
G ea Co mo an Phalac oco ax ca bo 1 5.56 17 94.44 18
Whi e S o k Ciconia ciconia 2 66.67 1 33.33 3
Black S o k Ciconia nig a 93 53.76 80 46.24 173
Yellow-legged/Caspian Gull La us michahellis/cachinanns 1 25.00 3 75.00 4
Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus 78 63.41 45 36.59 123
To al non- ap o s 175 54.18 148 45.82 323
TOTAL 1093 45.79 1294 54.21 2387
Table 2. To al numbe o mig a ing indi iduals eco ded a G eci s udy si e du ing he ull s udy
pe iod. The dis ibu ion o mig an s be ween he isk zone (ma ked as Th ea ened) and
sa e zone (ma ked as Non- h ea ened) shows he po en ial impac o wind a ms
2. ábláza A G eci-i meg igyelőpon on, a eljes izsgála i időszak ala ögzí e , á onuló egyedek
összessége. Az egyedek eloszlása a eszélyes, ille e a nem eszélyes zónában a e eze
széle őmű pa kok po enciális ha ásá mu a ják
A. Fülöp, L. Bă bos, G. M. Bóné, Sz. J. Da óczi, L. A. Dehelean,
R. B. Kiss, I. Ko ács, A. Nagy, T. Papp
ORNIS HUNGARICA 2012. 20(2)
80
SPECIES NAME Th ea ened P opo ion o
h ea ened (%)
Non-
h ea ened
P opo ion o non-
h ea ened (%)
To al a coun
poin (100%)
Rap o s
Eu opean Honey-buzza d Pe nis api o us 13 68.42 6 31.58 19
Osp ey Pandion haliae us 1 100.00 0 0.00 1
Black Ki e Mil us mig ans 3 50.00 3 50.00 6
Sho - oed Eagle Ci cae us gallicus 24 88.89 3 11.11 27
Whi e- ailed Eagle Haliaee us albicilla 2 100.00 0 0.00 2
No he n Goshawk Accipi e gen ilis 1 50.00 1 50.00 2
Eu asian Spa owhawk Accipi e nisus 157 65.69 82 34.31 239
Le an Spa owhawk Accipi e b e ipes 11 100.00 0 0.00 11
Wes e n Ma sh Ha ie Ci cus ae uginosus 51 70.83 21 29.17 72
Hen Ha ie Ci cus cyaneus 7 63.64 4 36.36 11
Pallid Ha ie Ci cus mac ou us 8 100.00 0 0.00 8
Mon agu’s Ha ie Ci cus pyga gus 3 75.00 1 25.00 4
Common Buzza d Bu eo bu eo 1968 66.22 1004 33.78 2972
Lesse Spo ed Eagle Aquila poma ina 384 35.59 695 64.41 1079
G ea e Spo ed Eagle Aquila clanga 1 100.00 0 0.00 1
Eas e n Impe ial Eagle Aquila heliaca 1 100.00 0 0.00 1
Boo ed Eagle Aquila penna a 4 66.67 2 33.33 6
Common Kes el Falco innunculus 2 66.67 1 33.33 3
Red- oo ed Falcon Falco espe inus 16 84.21 3 15.79 19
Eu asian Hobby Falco subbu eo 13 65.00 7 35.00 20
Sake Falcon Falco che ug 3 100.00 0 0.00 3
Pe eg ine Falcon Falco pe eg inus 1 100.00 0 0.00 1
Uniden i ied ap o Rapaces sp. 15 68.18 7 31.82 22
To al ap o s 2689 59.37 1840 40.63 4529
Non- ap o s
Whi e S o k Ciconia ciconia 4 66.67 2 33.33 6
Black S o k Ciconia nig a 218 98.64 3 1.36 221
G ea Co mo an Phalac oco ax ca bo 10 30.30 23 69.70 33
Yellow-legged/Caspian Gull La us michahellis/cachinanns 1 50.00 1 50.00 2
Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus 291 98.31 5 1.69 296
S ock Do e Columba oenas 17 100.00 0 0.00 17
Uniden i ied pigeon Columba sp. 160 100.00 0 0.00 160
Dalma ian Pelican Pelecanus c ispus 0 0.00 4 100.00 4
To al non- ap o s 701 94.86 38 5.14 739
TOTAL 3390 64.35 1878 35.65 5268
Table 3. To al numbe o mig a ing indi iduals eco ded a Ce na s udy si e du ing he ull s udy
pe iod. The dis ibu ion o mig an s be ween he isk zone (ma ked as Th ea ened) and sa e
zone (ma ked as Non- h ea ened) shows he po en ial impac o wind a ms
3. ábláza A Ce na-i meg igyelőpon on, a eljes izsgála i időszak ala ögzí e , á onuló egyedek
összessége. Az egyedek eloszlása a eszélyes, ille e a nem eszélyes zónában a e eze
széle őmű pa kok po enciális ha ásá mu a ják
81
Resul s
A Văcă eni coun poin 4.716 bi ds we e
coun ed, 3.394 ap o s and 1.322 non- ap o s
(Table 1). A G eci s a ion a o al o 2.387
bi ds we e seen mig a ing, 2.064 ap o s and
323 non- ap o s (Table 2). The highes num-
be o mig a ing indi iduals was egis e ed
a Ce na coun poin , wi h 5.268 indi iduals,
4.529 ap o s and 739 non- ap o s, coun ed
(Table 3). A Văcă eni 68.33% o ap o s and
84.95% o non- ap o s mig a ed h ough he
isk zone (Table 1). A G eci coun s a ion
44.48% o ap o s and 54.18% o non- ap-
o s mig a ed h ough he isk zone (Table
2), and inally a Ce na 59.37% o ap o s
and 94.86% o non- ap o s mig a ed h ough
he isk zone (Table 3) (Figu e 2).
Figu e 2. The p opo ion o h ea ened and non- h ea ened mig an s obse ed a he h ee s udy si es
du ing he ull s udy pe iod
2. áb a A eljes izsgála i időszak ala ögzí e , a e eze szél u binák ál al eszélyez e e , alamin
nem eszélyez e e á onuló egyedek a ánya a há om min a e üle en
A. Fülöp, L. Bă bos, G. M. Bóné, Sz. J. Da óczi, L. A. Dehelean,
R. B. Kiss, I. Ko ács, A. Nagy, T. Papp