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Bulle in UASMV Ag icul u e, 66 (1)/2009
P in ISSN 1843-5246; Elec onic ISSN 1843-5386
Expe imen al Resea ches o he Cone-Bel Dispense
Zol án HAGYMÁSSY, E zsébe ANCZA, Ágnes GINDERT KELE
Ag icul u al Cen e o Deb ecen Uni e si y, Facul y o Ag icul u al Sciences
Depa men o Ag icul u al Mechanics, Hunga y, Deb ecen, Böszö ményi ú 138.
e-mail: hagym[email p o ec ed]
Abs ac . Dis ibu ing di e en ypes o e ilize mo e accu a ely and e enly necessa y in
expe imen al plo s. In p obe pa cels he mo e and mo e p ecise labou quali y demands equi e
mechaniza ion o expe imen s. A solu ion is o e ed o mechaniza ion o dis ibu ing e ilize on
p obe pa cels. A new plo e ilize dis ibu o was designed and buil . I ou line he e he p inciple o
wo king o he plo e ilize . The une enness o sp eading o each ype is signi ican ly in luenced by
he il o he cone-bel dispense om e ical posi ion. A es -bench was collec ed o measu e he
abe a ions. The measu emen p o es ha only a ew deg ee de ia ion esul s in signi ican change in
he une enness o dispensing.
Keywo ds: plo , cone-bel dispense , e ical angle
INTRODUCTION
While manu ac u e s o e a lo o machines o ha es ing and seeding asks, he e is
li le choice o plo machines o nu i i e eplacemen asks. The inc easing numbe o ag o-
echnical expe imen s and he mo e p ecise labou quali y demands equi e mechaniza ion o
wo k. A new plo e ilize dis ibu o was de eloped o sol e he p oblem o he nu i i e
eplacemen asks. The p esen s udy was sponso ed by he Win e s eige GmbH (Aus ia).
Be zwa , 1992 in es iga ed he cone. He p o ed by measu emen s ha he dis ibu ion
o he ke nels a he su ace o he cones is in luenced by inclina ion. When he cone is no
ho izon ally le eled he g anule concen a ion is unequal. Howe e , inclina ions highe han 3
% ha e an inc easing in luence on he seed dis ibu ion in all cone sys ems.
The e ec o cone angula de ia ion signi ican ly in luences he e enness o
sp eading. I was in es iga ed by Fleming, 1984 wi h seeds. He poin ed ou ha une en seed
dis ibu ion in he cone esul s in une en seeding a es along he plo , and i is u he
exace ba ed i he g ound is sloping.
S umbo g e al., 1992 opinion is he ollowing: he cone-bel dispense is a use ul
de ice o dispensing sowing-seed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The p inciple o he imp o ed plo e ilize dis ibu o is he cone-bel dispense (Fig.
1). I is widely used om he 1980s, mainly o plo -seede s and o plo e ilize dis ibu o s.
The Hege- ype cone-bel dispense : A he beginning o he plo - when he p ocess
s a s - he supply cylinde is li ed, and he pa icles all down on he su ace o he cone. The
g anule is ed in o he supply cylinde and collec ed on he head o he dis ibu ion cone.
Finally he g anule is d i en in o he g oo e, loca ed be ween he base o he cone and he
ubbe con eyo bel . The g anule is mo ed by he ubbe con eyo bel , d i en by he cone.
The cone wi h su ounding ubbe bel mus make one e olu ion on he ull leng h o he
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plo . The speed e olu ion o he cone can be adjus ed by changing he sp ocke s be ween he
g ound wheel and he d i en cone. The e is a hole on he ci cle su ace o he cone, whe e he
pa icles discha ge om he cone (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. The cone-bel dispense Fig. 2. Examina ion o he cone-bel dispense
The examina ions we e ca ied ou a he Educa ion-Resea ch Base o Depa men o
Ag icul u al Mechanics.
The ollowing e ilise s we e used du ing he es s:
- NPK 15-15-15 (Ag olinz Ag o echnikalien GmbH)
- Sal o Linz (ammonium ni a e limes one 27 % N, Ag olinz Melanin GmbH)
- Po ash (0-0-60 %, Tiszamen i Vegyimű ek, Szolnok)
- Ammonium ni a e (34 % N, Ni ogénmű ek R . Pé ü dő)
A es -bench was se up o he expe imen s (Fig. 2). The wo k quali y can be spoiled,
i he axis o he cone dispense is no e ical. The e o e, wo k quali y examina ions we e
made in case o di e en inclina ion angles. The ame o he cone dispense was adjus ed
ho izon ally. The lase angle-gauge (which was on he ame) was adjus ed ho izon ally and
was calib a ed o he sign o 0
o
on he wall. The ame o he cone can be adjus ed in wo
di ec ions by wo le e s o he eccen ic wheel. The ex e nal pa o he bel o he cone
dispense was sepa a ed in o 12 segmen s (I es ed he appliance by modeling o a 6 m long
plo , so one segmen was 0.5 me e ). A gi en amoun o e ilize was illed in o he supply
cylinde , hen he cone was u ned o e and 12 e ilize samples we e aken ou .
The quan i y o e ilize was measu ed wi h ou ypes o e ilize s ( he accu acy o
he balance was 0.1 g). The adjus ed il angles o he cone we e se as ollows: 1
o
; 2
o
; 3
o
; 4
o
;
5
o
. The supplied quan i y o e ilize was 216 g. I es ed he appliance by modeling a 6 m
long and 1.2 m wide plo .
The de ini ion o he une enness o sp eading gi es CV as he a ie y ac o .
1
100
1
2
−





−
=
∑
=
−
−
n
xx
x
CV
n
ii
(1)
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whe e:
• xi – he a e age amoun o collec ed e ilize a a ce ain es place du ing
h ee measu emen s
• x¯– he a e age amoun o collec ed e ilize a all es places du ing h ee
measu emen s
• n - he numbe o es places
(Csizmazia, 1993)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
My es expe imen s demons a ed ha , he cone-bel dispense is a use ul de ice o
dis ibu ing e ilize s, because he e is no ubbing e ec be ween he cone and he bel , and
he exi hole is no clogging abou he mass o e ilize . The ollowing ad an ages and
disad an ages we e e ealed by he p esen es s.
Ad an ages:
- The shape o he g anule is i ele an o he p ecision o sp eading.
- A ela i ely small amoun o e ilize can be dis ibu ed.
- P ecise quan i ies o e ilize s a e equi ed.
- An exac dis ibu ion o he desi ed quan i y o e ilize is ob ained.
- E en dis ibu ion is possible.
Disad an ages:
- The quan i y o he e ilize mus be exac ly de e mined.
- Wo k di icul ies a ise i he plo leng hs a e mo e han 10 m.
- The posi ion o he machine mus be absolu ely ho izon al.
I measu ed he mass o 216 g e ilize loca ed be ween he base o he cone and he
ubbe con eyo bel (Fig. 3) in wo cases. Fi s when he axis o he cone was e ical (on he
le side o Fig. 3), and second, when he e we e 5 deg ees be ween he e ical line and he
axis o he cone (on he igh side o Fig. 3).
Fig. 3. The e ilize on he e ical and on he no e ical cone
The cone-bel dispense was examined wi h ou ypes o e ilize s. The mass o
e ilize we e 72 g and 216 g (Fig. 4).
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Abe a ions o no e ical cone. Fe ilize = 72 g
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 1 2 3 4 5
slope (deg ee)
CV [%]
Theo e ical CV
NPK 15-15-15
ANL
Po ash
AN
Abe a ions o no e ical cone. Fe ilize = 216 g
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 1 2 3 4 5
slope (deg ee)
CV [%]
Theo e ical CV
NPK 15-15-15
ANL
Po ash
AN
Fig. 4: Resul o examina ion he cone-bel dispense
CONCLUSIONS
The measu emen p o ed, ha a ew deg ee de ia ions om e ical caused in
signi ican change in he une enness o dispensing.
The measu ed da a wi h e ilize s a e compa able o he esul s o Fleming, 1984 wi h
seeds. Di e en ypes o e ilize s a e dispensed in he same way when he axis o he cone
is no e ical.
A ela i ely small amoun o e ilize makes ela i ely la ge de ia ion o dispensing.
REFERENCES
1. Be zwa , W. (1992). A me hod o he e alua ion o seed dis ibu ion o plo seede s and p ecision
spaced plan e s. P oceedings o he Eigh In e na ional Con e ence on Mechaniza ion o Field Expe imen s
Soes , Ge many. 1992. 68-82.
2. Csizmazia Z. (1993). Technical Condi ions O Equalized Fe ilize Applica ions. Hunga ian
Ag icul u al Resea ch, 1993/12. 16-22.
3. Fleming, J. J. (1984). Modi ica ions o he Oyjo d seed d ill. P oceedings o he Six h In e na ional
Con e ence on Mechaniza ion o Field Expe imen s Dublin, I eland. 63-70.
4. S umbo g, M. A. – Mc C ys al, G. E. – Cowell, M. (1992). Design o a Casse e Ai Seede o B eede
Plo s. P oceedings o he Eigh In e na ional Con e ence on Mechaniza ion o Field Expe imen s Soes ,
Ge many. 1992. 56-61.