103
PRODUCTION OF BICOMPONENT GELATIN/OLIVE OIL NANOFIBERS FOR
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS USING COAXIAL SPINNERET
* Çağla Si i
** Kasım Aksoy
*** Sena Demi bağ
* Süleyman Demi el Uni e si y
Facul y o Enginee ing
Tex ile Enginee ing Depa men
Ispa a, Tu key
cagla [email p o ec ed]
** Süleyman Demi el Uni e si y
Technical Sciences Voca ional School
Biomedical De ice Technology P og am
Ispa a, Tu key
*** Süleyman Demi el Uni e si y
Facul y o Enginee ing
Tex ile Enginee ing Depa men
Ispa a, Tu key
Abs ac
In his s udy, p oduc ion o elec ospun nano ibe s con aining oli e oil was ca ied ou using
gela in polyme . Oli e oil is a na u al g een ege able oil, which is abundan in i amin,
ca o ene and many ace elemen s. Oli e oil has many unc ions in nu i ion and heal h ca e
and i is ich in essen ial a y acids, including Vi amin A, D, E, K and o he an ioxidan
subs ances, which can be apidly abso bed by he body and can main ain skin elas ici y and
mois u e. Fo his eason, in his s udy we ocused on ab ica ion o nano ib ous ma
con aining oli e oil ha can be used in medical ield. Nano ibe s spun by bicomponen
elec ospinnig me hod using coaxial spinne e .
Gela in polyme was dissol ed in dis illed wa e /ace ic acid a concen a ion 10%. Then oli e
oil was added o solu ion a a a e o 9:1 w . Elec ospinning om solu ion was ca ied ou a
a ying p ocess pa ame e s such as eeding a e and applied ol age and also di e en mix u e
o polyme and oli e oil. Bicomponen elec ospun ibe s we e cha ac e ized by FT-IR
spec oscopy and SEM ins umen . FT-IR spec oscopy was used o p o e he p esence o
oli e oil in ibe s uc u e.
In oduc ion
Nano ibe s can be p oduced using a solu ion ia elec ospinning se up ha could be
assembled a a easonable cos . Elec ospinning se up is comp ised o a powe sou ce ha is
able o wo k a high ol ages, elec onic sy inge pump, sy inge and a collec o pla e. The
p inciple o he sys em based on ans e ing he polyme solu ion in o he elec os a ic
d awing a ea h ough a needle a a eeding a e and la e o be collec ed in he o m o
nano ibe s on o he collec o pla e a e exposu e o a high d awing o ce in his a ea [1, 2].
Elec ospinning is a e sa ile echnique o p oduce nano ibe s o medical, il a ion, anspo
and ene gy applica ions. I can be u ilized using co-axial and/o di e en spinne e designs o
p oduce bicomponen nano ibe s [3].
104
McCann e al. conduc ed a esea ch on a ailabili y o co-axial elec ospinning o p oduce
co e-shea h, hollow, o po ous nano ibe s om mine al oil as a co e componen and PVP
(TiOiP )4 as a shea h componen using co-axial spinne e . They ha e concluded ha
elec ospinning will become an essen ial and use ul op-down echnique o he ab ica ion o
one-dimensional nanos uc u es wi h hollow in e io s [4].
Wang e al. in es iga ed he mo phological and s uc u al p ope ies o mul i unc ional
sca olds o bone issue enginee ing ha we e cons uc ed ia dual-sou ce dual-powe
elec ospinning (DSDPES). Emulsion elec opinning used o p oduce hBMP-2 ( ecombinan
human bone mo phogene ic p o ein)/PDLLA ibe s and a composi e suspension con aining
Ca–P/PLGA nanocomposi e ibe s we e p epa ed and hen bicomponen sca olds we e
cons uc ed by DSDPES. Fu he in es iga ions showed ha bicomponen sca olds
de eloped using his me hod could p o ide balanced os eoinduc i i y and os eoconduc i i y
[5].
Apa om speci ic spinne e designs, bicomponen nano ibe s can be p oduced by p epa ing
a bicomponen solu ion. Minche a e al. p epa ed a bicomponen solu ion including N
ca boxye hylchi osan and poly( inyl alcohol) polyme s and de eloped a issue enginee ing
sca old o biomedical applica ions ia elec ospinning. They ound ha hei bicomponen
nano ibe s can be used as biomedical sca olds due o hei bicompa ibili y, wa e - esis ance
o c oss-linked ma s and aligned nano ib ous s uc u e [6].
As i could be seen om p esen li e a u e, bicomponen nano ibe s de eloped o medical
applica ions in ensi ied on issue enginee ing and sca olds. In his s udy, ins ead, we ha e
designed a bicomponen nano ib ous ma e ial ha could be used in he apeu ics and wound
ca e wi hin medical ield.
1 Ma e ials and Me hods
1.1 Ma e ials
Type A gela in was pu chased om Sigma company. Oli e oil used as pu chased. Ace ic acid
as a sol en om Sigma company used as ecei ed. Collec o pla e was co e ed by an
aluminum oil.
1.2 Elec ospinning o Gela in/Oli e Oil
Gela in o 10 g (10 w %) was dissol ed in ace ic acid (80 w %) and 20 ml pu e wa e mix u e
and he solu ion was s i ed o 6 hou s using a magne ic s i e (WiseS i ) and hen s ayed
o e nigh in labo a o y. To he compa ison aim, bicomponen nano ibe s we e p oduced bo h
p epa ing a bicomponen solu ion and using coaxial spinne e in di e en eeding a ios o
Gela in polyme and oli e oil.
1.2.1 Elec ospinning o Bicomponen Solu ion o Gela in/Oli e Oil
Th ee di e en concen a ions o Gela in (G)/Oli e Oil (OO) bicomponen solu ion we e
p epa ed and elec ospun using s anda d elec ospinning appa a us in di e en condi ions
gi en in Table 1:
105
Tab. 1: Elec ospinning o 1:9 OO/G solu ion a 12 kV and 8 cm dis ance and a ying
eeding a es
Feeding Ra e
S a us o Elec ospinning
1.5 ml/h
Regula nano ibe p oduc ion
2 ml/h
Regula nano ibe p oduc ion
2.5 ml/h
D ipping o e collec o pla e plus nano ibe
p oduc ion due o highe eeding a e
Sou ce: Own
1:9 OO/G was he i s concen a ion p epa ed by adding 2 ml oli e oil in o he 18 ml Gela in
solu ion (10w %) and o al solu ion olume de ined as 20 ml. Finally, 0.2 g spun 20 su ac an
(0.1 ml spun 20 o 10 ml) added o he solu ion and he whole solu ion was s i ed and
ma e ials wi hin solu ion we e well dispe sed. The o he concen a ions o 2:8 OO/G and 3:7
OO/G we e p epa ed in he same manne . The only elec ospinning p ocess could be achie ed
by concen a ion o 1:9 OO/G while i could no be achie ed o o he solu ions due o phase
sepa a ion. The bes ol age applied de ined as 12 kV and dis ance be ween g ounded
collec o and needle ip ixed a 8 cm.
1.2.2 Co-axial Elec ospinning o Gela in/Oli e Oil
In his pa , Gela in o 10 w %, whose p epa a ion had been p e iously explained, and pu e
oli e oil we e co-axially elec ospun (Gela in polyme was ed om ou e side o spinne e
and oli e oil was ed om inne /co e side o he spinne e ) in a ying eeding and ol age
a es using a co-axial spinne e appa a us. The dis ance be ween g ounded collec o and
needle ip ixed a 8 cm. Fi s ly, bicomponen nano ibe s co-axially elec ospun in i e
di e en solu ion eeding a es gi en able 2.
Tab. 2: Co-axial Elec ospinning o Gela in (G) /Oli e Oil (OO) a 18 kV and 8 cm dis ance
G Feeding
Ra e (ml/h )
OO Feeding
Ra e (ml/h )
S a us o Elec ospinning
0.7
0.2
Nano ibe p oduc ion a 30 seconds in e als wi h a
d ipping a ew d ops o oli e oil
1
0.2
Nano ibe p oduc ion couldn’ be achie ed
1.3
0.2
Almos egula nano ibe p oduc ion
1.6
0.2
Almos egula nano ibe p oduc ion plus d ipping a ew
d ops o oli e oil
1.9
0.2
Poo nano ibe p oduc ion
Sou ce: Own
Secondly, a e de ining he bes eeding a e o Gela in polyme as 1.3 ml/h bicomponen
nano ibe s co-axially elec ospun in ou di e en ol ages is gi en in able 3.
106
Tab. 3: Table 3. Co-axial Elec ospinning a a eeding a e o 1,3 ml/h Gela in (G) / 0,2 ml
Oli e Oil (OO) and 8 cm dis ance
Vol age
Applied (KV)
S a us o Elec ospinning
14
Poo nano ibe p oduc ion plus d ipping a ew d ops o oli e oil
16
Almos egula nano ibe p oduc ion plus d ipping a ew d ops o oli e oil
18
Almos egula nano ibe p oduc ion
19
Regula nano ibe p oduc ion
Sou ce: Own
1.3 SEM Analysis
Bicomponen nano ibe s p oduced using bicomponen solu ion and co-axial spinne e we e
cha ac e ized using a Scanning Elec on Mic oscopy (SEM) o de ine mo phological
p ope ies.
1.4 FT-IR Analysis
Oli e oil and gela in con en o bicomponen nano ibe s and chemical bonds wi hin s uc u e
we e analyzed using FT-IR.
2 Resul s and Discussion
2.1 SEM In es iga ion
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ha e e ealed he mo phological in o ma ion o bicomponen nano ibe s
om bicomponen solu ion and coaxial spinne e , espec i ely.
107
Sou ce: Own
Fig. 1: SEM images o bicomponen nano ibe s elec ospun om bicomponen solu ion o
Gela in/Oli e Oil in 1:9 a io di ided in 2 g oups by di e en p ocess pa ame e s;
G oup1: Elec ospun a 11.2 kV, 1.5 ml/h solu ion eeding a e, 8 cm collec o
dis ance, SEM magni ica ion a es: (a) 500x, (b) 2kx, (c) 10kx, (d). G oup 2:
Elec ospun a 11.2 kV, 2 ml/h solu ion eeding a e, 8 cm collec o dis ance, SEM
magni ica ion a es: (a) 500x, (b) 2kx, (c) 10kx, (d) 20 kx
Fig. 1 shows bicomponen solu ion yielded nano ibe s in a de ined o ien a ion and changing
eeding a e has leaded a li le change on mo phology o he nano ibe s such as small lines
seen in image wi hin G oup 2, e and .

108
Sou ce: Own
Fig. 2: SEM images o bicomponen nano ibe s elec ospun using co-axial spinne e in
di e en p ocess pa ame e s and eeding a es o Gela in and Oli e Oil; nano ibe s
elec ospun a 18 kV wi h a gela in eeding a e o 1.6 ml/h and oli e oil eeding
a e o 0.2 ml/h a:5 kx and b:20 kx; nano ibe s elec ospun a 18 kV wi h a gela in
eeding a e o 1.3 ml/h and oli e oil eeding a e o 0.2 ml/h c:5 kx and d:20 kx;
nano ibe s elec ospun a 19 kV wi h a gela in eeding a e o 1.3 ml/h and oli e oil
eeding a e o 0.2 ml/h e:5 kx and :20 kx; nano ibe s elec ospun a 18 kV wi h a
gela in eeding a e o 1.9 ml/h and oli e oil eeding a e o 0.2 ml/h g:5 kx and
h:20 kx,8 cm dis ance om collec o o all samples.
Fig. 2 demons a ed ha ol age change has no changed he mo phology much, bu when
eeding a e o gela in inc eased o 1,9 ml/h , apid phase sepa a ion occu ed and soap
bubble-like o spide web-like s uc u es ha e been gene a ed. In addi ion, diame e s o he
nano ibe s ha e ema kably dec eased. Rela ed li e a u e assumes ha o ma ion o such
s uc u es may esul om apid phase sepa a ion and minimal ene gy p inciple [7].
2.2 FT-IR Analysis
FT-IR spec um seen a Fig. 3 shows oli e oil con en apped in o he bicomponen
nano ib ous s uc u es p oduced using bicomponen solu ion and coaxial spinne e . The s eep
peak seen a 2924 and 2852 cm-1 belong o he symme ical and asymme ical -C-H s e ching
wi hin oli e oil s uc u e. These peaks a e espec i ely seen a 2925-2854 cm-1 in he spec a
o sample 1 and sample 2, which a e bicomponen nano ibe s p oduced using coaxial
spinne e espec i ely a 18 kV and 19 kV wi h a Gela in eeding a e o 1.3 ml/h and oli e
oil eeding a e o 0.2 ml/h . hese peaks also seen a 2928-2857 cm-1 in he spec a o
sample 3, which is bicomponen nano ibe s p oduced using bicomponen solu ion a 11.2 kV
and 1.5 ml/h eeding a e, wi hin FT-IR spec um belongs o all h ee samples ha p oduced 8
cm collec o dis ance. I p o es ha all h ee bicomponen nano ibe samples con ain oli e oil.
109
Sou ce: Own
Fig. 3: FT-IR Analysis o Gela in/Oli e Oil Bicomponen Nano ibe s
Conclusion
To answe he ques ion whe he oli e oil added o bicomponen nano ibe s can be p oduced
using ei he a bicomponen solu ion o a coaxial spinne e o medical ield and he apeu ic
applica ions, he p oduc ion ials we e ca ied ou a changing applied ol ages, solu ion
eeding a es while dis ance be ween needle ip and g ounded collec o pla e was ixed a
8 cm. Changing applied ol age did no ha e a c ucial e ec o e mo phology o he
bicomponen nano ibe s p oduced using a bicomponen solu ion, while li le changes ha e
occu ed wi hin he s uc u e such as small lines occu ence due o an inc ease in eeding a e
o solu ion om 1.5 ml/h o 2 ml/h . Again, ol age change did no ha e a c ucial e ec on
mo phology o he bicomponen nano ibe s p oduced using a coaxial spinne e while
inc easing he eeding a e o Gela in polyme caused apid phase sepa a ion, which
concluded wi h de elopmen o soap bubble-like s uc u es o spide web-like s uc u es and
ibe s wi h lowe diame e . FT-IR analyzes p o ed ha oli e oil con en in bo h bicomponen
nano ibe s which means hese nano ibe s could be used in medical ield such as wound
closu e ma e ials due o hei he apeu ic ac i i y. Finally, use o coaxial spinne e has
p o ided di e en mo phological possibili ies such as he de elopmen o biomime ic
nano ibe s and nano ibe s wi h lowe diame e s and con aining ac i e agen s.
110
Li e a u e
[1] MALAKHOV, S. N.; KHOMENKO, A. Yu.; BELOUSOV, S. I.; PRAZDNICHNYI, A.
M.; CHVALUN, S. N.; SHEPELEV, A. D.; BUDYKA, A. K.: Me hod o
Manu ac u ing Nonwo ens by Elec ospinning om Polyme Mel s. Fib e Chemis y.
(2009) 41 (6):355-359.
[2] SIVRI, Ç.; DAYIK, M.: De elopmen o Supe io Sound Abso bing Nonwo en Media
ia Mechanical Nano ibe Spinning Me hod, EDANA Nonwo ens Resea ch Academy,
19-20 Ap il 2012, Go henbu g, Sweden.
[3] RAMAKRISHNA, S.; FUJIHARA, K.; TEO, W. E.; LIM, T. C.; Ma, Z.: An
In oduc ion o Elec ospinning and Nano ibe s. Wo ld Scien i ic, Singapo e, 2005.
[4] MCCANN, J. T.; LI, D.; XIA, Y. Elec ospinning o nano ibe s wi h co e-shea h,
hollow, o po ous s uc u es. J. Ma e . Chem. 2005, 15, 735–738.
[5] WANG, C.; Wang, M.: Dual-sou ce dual-powe elec ospinning and cha ac e is ics o
mul i unc ional sca olds o bone issue enginee ing. J Ma e Sci: Ma e Med. (2012)
23:2381–2397.
[6] MINCHEVA, R.; MANOLOVA, N.; RASHKOV, I.: Bicomponen aligned nano ibe s
o N-ca boxye hylchi osan and poly( inyl alcohol). Eu opean Polyme Jou nal 43
(2007) 2809–2818.
[7] LIN, J.; WANG, X.; DING, B.; YU, J.; SUN, G.; WANG, M.: Biomimic y ia
Elec ospinning. C i ical Re iews in Solid S a e and Ma e ials Sciences. (2012) 37:94–
114.
Çağla Si i; Kasım Aksoy; Sena Demi bağ
111
VÝROBA NANOVLÁKEN ELEKTROSPUNINGEM ZA POUŽITÍ KOAXIÁLNÍ SNOVACÍ
TRYSKY, VYUŽITÍ OLIVOVÉHO OLEJE A ŽELATINOVÉHO POLYMERU
Ta o s udie pojedná á o ý obě nano láken elek ospuningem (elek os a ickým
z lákňo áním) obsahujícím oli o ý olej s pomocí žela ino ého polyme u. Oli o ý olej je
pří odní zelený os linný olej, k e ý je boha ý na i aminy, ka o en a mnoho s opo ých p ků.
Oli o ý olej má mnoho unkcí e ýži ě a zd a o ní péči a je boha ý na esenciální mas né
kyseliny, če ně i amínu A, D, E, K a dalších an ioxidačních lá ek, k e é mohou bý ychle
s řebá ány ěle a pomáhají ud žo a pokožku p užnou a lhkou. Z oho o dů odu jsme se
é o s udii zaměřili na ý obu nano lákenné s y obsahující oli o ý olej, k e á může bý
yuži a oblas i medicíny. Nano lákna jsou ažena me odou d ousložko ého
elek os a ického z lákňo ání za použi í koaxiální sno ací ysky.
PRODUKTION VON NANOFASERN DURCH ELEKTROSTATISCHE VERSPINNUNG UNTER
VERWENDUNG VON KOAXIALEN SCHÄRDÜSEN, NUTZUNG VON OLIVENÖL UND
GELATINEPOLYMEREN
Diese S udie be ass sich mi de P oduk ion on Nano ase n du ch elek os a ische
Ve spinnung un e Einsa z on Oli enöl mi Hil e on Gela inepolyme en. Beim Oli enöl
handel es sich um ein na ü liches g ünes P lanzenöl, das eich an Vi aminen, Ka o in und
ielen Spu enelemen en is . Oli enöl ha iele Funk ionen inne halb de E näh ung und de
Gesundhei sp lege und is auch eich an essenziellen Fe säu en. Da un e be inden sich die
Vi amine A, D, E, K und ande e An ioxidan ien, die om Kö pe schnell abso bie we den
können und dazu bei agen, die Hau elas isch und euch zu hal en. Aus diesem G unde
konzen ie en wi uns in diese S udie au die E zeugung eine Nano ase schich , die Oli enöl
en häl und auch au medizinischem Gebie Ve wendung inden kann. Nano ase n we den mi
de Me hode de zweikomponen igen elek ios a ischen Ve spinnung un e dem Einsa z on
koaxialen Schä d üsen gezogen.
PRODUKCJA NANOWŁÓKIEN METODĄ ELEKTROPRZĘDZENIA PRZY WYKORZYSTANIU
IGŁY KOAKSJALNEJ, Z ZASTOSOWANIEM OLIWY Z OLIWEK ORAZ POLIMERU
ŻELATYNOWEGO
Niniejsze op acowanie poświęcone jes p odukcji nanowłókien me odą elek op zędzenia
p zy wyko zys aniu oliwy z oliwek i polime u żela ynowego. Oliwa z oliwek jes na u alnym
zielonym olejem oślinnym, boga ym w wi aminy, ka o en o az wiele pie wias ków
śladowych. Oliwa z oliwek ma wiele unkcji w żywieniu i opiece zd owo nej o az zawie a
wiele esencjalnych kwasów łuszczowych, w ym wi aminy A, D, E, K o az inne
p zeciwu leniacze, k ó e mogą się szybko wchłaniać, pomagając w u zymaniu elas ycznej i
nawilżonej skó y. Z ego powodu w p owadzonych badaniach skupiliśmy się na p odukcji
wa s wy nanowłóknowej zawie ającej oliwę z oliwek, k ó a może być wyko zys ana
w dziedzinie medycyny. Nanowłókna wy wa zane są me odą dwuskładnikowego
elek op zędzenia p zy wyko zys aniu dyszy (igły) koaksjalnej.