Production of bicomponent gelatin/olive oil nanofibers for biomedical applications using coaxial spinneret

103 PRODUCTION OF BICOMPONENT GELATIN/OLIVE OIL NANOFIBERS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS USING COAXIAL SPINNERET * Çağla Si i ** Kasım Aksoy *** Sena Demi bağ * Süleyman Demi el Uni e si y Facul y o Enginee ing Tex ile Enginee ing Depa men Ispa a, Tu key cagla [email p o ec ed] ** Süleyman Demi el Uni e si y Technical Sciences Voca ional School Biomedical De ice Technology P og am Ispa a, Tu key *** Süleyman Demi el Uni e si y Facul y o Enginee ing Tex ile Enginee ing Depa men Ispa a, Tu key Abs ac In his s udy, p oduc ion o elec ospun nano ibe s con aining oli e oil was ca ied ou using gela in polyme . Oli e oil is a na u al g een ege able oil, which is abundan in i amin, ca o ene and many ace elemen s. Oli e oil has many unc ions in nu i ion and heal h ca e and i is ich in essen ial a y acids, including Vi amin A, D, E, K and o he an ioxidan subs ances, which can be apidly abso bed by he body and can main ain skin elas ici y and mois u e. Fo his eason, in his s udy we ocused on ab ica ion o nano ib ous ma con aining oli e oil ha can be used in medical ield. Nano ibe s spun by bicomponen elec ospinnig me hod using coaxial spinne e . Gela in polyme was dissol ed in dis illed wa e /ace ic acid a concen a ion 10%. Then oli e oil was added o solu ion a a a e o 9:1 w . Elec ospinning om solu ion was ca ied ou a a ying p ocess pa ame e s such as eeding a e and applied ol age and also di e en mix u e o polyme and oli e oil. Bicomponen elec ospun ibe s we e cha ac e ized by FT-IR spec oscopy and SEM ins umen . FT-IR spec oscopy was used o p o e he p esence o oli e oil in ibe s uc u e. In oduc ion Nano ibe s can be p oduced using a solu ion ia elec ospinning se up ha could be assembled a a easonable cos . Elec ospinning se up is comp ised o a powe sou ce ha is able o wo k a high ol ages, elec onic sy inge pump, sy inge and a collec o pla e. The p inciple o he sys em based on ans e ing he polyme solu ion in o he elec os a ic d awing a ea h ough a needle a a eeding a e and la e o be collec ed in he o m o nano ibe s on o he collec o pla e a e exposu e o a high d awing o ce in his a ea [1, 2]. Elec ospinning is a e sa ile echnique o p oduce nano ibe s o medical, il a ion, anspo and ene gy applica ions. I can be u ilized using co-axial and/o di e en spinne e designs o p oduce bicomponen nano ibe s [3]. 104 McCann e al. conduc ed a esea ch on a ailabili y o co-axial elec ospinning o p oduce co e-shea h, hollow, o po ous nano ibe s om mine al oil as a co e componen and PVP (TiOiP )4 as a shea h componen using co-axial spinne e . They ha e concluded ha elec ospinning will become an essen ial and use ul op-down echnique o he ab ica ion o one-dimensional nanos uc u es wi h hollow in e io s [4]. Wang e al. in es iga ed he mo phological and s uc u al p ope ies o mul i unc ional sca olds o bone issue enginee ing ha we e cons uc ed ia dual-sou ce dual-powe elec ospinning (DSDPES). Emulsion elec opinning used o p oduce hBMP-2 ( ecombinan human bone mo phogene ic p o ein)/PDLLA ibe s and a composi e suspension con aining Ca–P/PLGA nanocomposi e ibe s we e p epa ed and hen bicomponen sca olds we e cons uc ed by DSDPES. Fu he in es iga ions showed ha bicomponen sca olds de eloped using his me hod could p o ide balanced os eoinduc i i y and os eoconduc i i y [5]. Apa om speci ic spinne e designs, bicomponen nano ibe s can be p oduced by p epa ing a bicomponen solu ion. Minche a e al. p epa ed a bicomponen solu ion including N ca boxye hylchi osan and poly( inyl alcohol) polyme s and de eloped a issue enginee ing sca old o biomedical applica ions ia elec ospinning. They ound ha hei bicomponen nano ibe s can be used as biomedical sca olds due o hei bicompa ibili y, wa e - esis ance o c oss-linked ma s and aligned nano ib ous s uc u e [6]. As i could be seen om p esen li e a u e, bicomponen nano ibe s de eloped o medical applica ions in ensi ied on issue enginee ing and sca olds. In his s udy, ins ead, we ha e designed a bicomponen nano ib ous ma e ial ha could be used in he apeu ics and wound ca e wi hin medical ield. 1 Ma e ials and Me hods 1.1 Ma e ials Type A gela in was pu chased om Sigma company. Oli e oil used as pu chased. Ace ic acid as a sol en om Sigma company used as ecei ed. Collec o pla e was co e ed by an aluminum oil. 1.2 Elec ospinning o Gela in/Oli e Oil Gela in o 10 g (10 w %) was dissol ed in ace ic acid (80 w %) and 20 ml pu e wa e mix u e and he solu ion was s i ed o 6 hou s using a magne ic s i e (WiseS i ) and hen s ayed o e nigh in labo a o y. To he compa ison aim, bicomponen nano ibe s we e p oduced bo h p epa ing a bicomponen solu ion and using coaxial spinne e in di e en eeding a ios o Gela in polyme and oli e oil. 1.2.1 Elec ospinning o Bicomponen Solu ion o Gela in/Oli e Oil Th ee di e en concen a ions o Gela in (G)/Oli e Oil (OO) bicomponen solu ion we e p epa ed and elec ospun using s anda d elec ospinning appa a us in di e en condi ions gi en in Table 1: 105 Tab. 1: Elec ospinning o 1:9 OO/G solu ion a 12 kV and 8 cm dis ance and a ying eeding a es Feeding Ra e S a us o Elec ospinning 1.5 ml/h Regula nano ibe p oduc ion 2 ml/h Regula nano ibe p oduc ion 2.5 ml/h D ipping o e collec o pla e plus nano ibe p oduc ion due o highe eeding a e Sou ce: Own 1:9 OO/G was he i s concen a ion p epa ed by adding 2 ml oli e oil in o he 18 ml Gela in solu ion (10w %) and o al solu ion olume de ined as 20 ml. Finally, 0.2 g spun 20 su ac an (0.1 ml spun 20 o 10 ml) added o he solu ion and he whole solu ion was s i ed and ma e ials wi hin solu ion we e well dispe sed. The o he concen a ions o 2:8 OO/G and 3:7 OO/G we e p epa ed in he same manne . The only elec ospinning p ocess could be achie ed by concen a ion o 1:9 OO/G while i could no be achie ed o o he solu ions due o phase sepa a ion. The bes ol age applied de ined as 12 kV and dis ance be ween g ounded collec o and needle ip ixed a 8 cm. 1.2.2 Co-axial Elec ospinning o Gela in/Oli e Oil In his pa , Gela in o 10 w %, whose p epa a ion had been p e iously explained, and pu e oli e oil we e co-axially elec ospun (Gela in polyme was ed om ou e side o spinne e and oli e oil was ed om inne /co e side o he spinne e ) in a ying eeding and ol age a es using a co-axial spinne e appa a us. The dis ance be ween g ounded collec o and needle ip ixed a 8 cm. Fi s ly, bicomponen nano ibe s co-axially elec ospun in i e di e en solu ion eeding a es gi en able 2. Tab. 2: Co-axial Elec ospinning o Gela in (G) /Oli e Oil (OO) a 18 kV and 8 cm dis ance G Feeding Ra e (ml/h ) OO Feeding Ra e (ml/h ) S a us o Elec ospinning 0.7 0.2 Nano ibe p oduc ion a 30 seconds in e als wi h a d ipping a ew d ops o oli e oil 1 0.2 Nano ibe p oduc ion couldn’ be achie ed 1.3 0.2 Almos egula nano ibe p oduc ion 1.6 0.2 Almos egula nano ibe p oduc ion plus d ipping a ew d ops o oli e oil 1.9 0.2 Poo nano ibe p oduc ion Sou ce: Own Secondly, a e de ining he bes eeding a e o Gela in polyme as 1.3 ml/h bicomponen nano ibe s co-axially elec ospun in ou di e en ol ages is gi en in able 3. 106 Tab. 3: Table 3. Co-axial Elec ospinning a a eeding a e o 1,3 ml/h Gela in (G) / 0,2 ml Oli e Oil (OO) and 8 cm dis ance Vol age Applied (KV) S a us o Elec ospinning 14 Poo nano ibe p oduc ion plus d ipping a ew d ops o oli e oil 16 Almos egula nano ibe p oduc ion plus d ipping a ew d ops o oli e oil 18 Almos egula nano ibe p oduc ion 19 Regula nano ibe p oduc ion Sou ce: Own 1.3 SEM Analysis Bicomponen nano ibe s p oduced using bicomponen solu ion and co-axial spinne e we e cha ac e ized using a Scanning Elec on Mic oscopy (SEM) o de ine mo phological p ope ies. 1.4 FT-IR Analysis Oli e oil and gela in con en o bicomponen nano ibe s and chemical bonds wi hin s uc u e we e analyzed using FT-IR. 2 Resul s and Discussion 2.1 SEM In es iga ion Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 ha e e ealed he mo phological in o ma ion o bicomponen nano ibe s om bicomponen solu ion and coaxial spinne e , espec i ely. 107 Sou ce: Own Fig. 1: SEM images o bicomponen nano ibe s elec ospun om bicomponen solu ion o Gela in/Oli e Oil in 1:9 a io di ided in 2 g oups by di e en p ocess pa ame e s; G oup1: Elec ospun a 11.2 kV, 1.5 ml/h solu ion eeding a e, 8 cm collec o dis ance, SEM magni ica ion a es: (a) 500x, (b) 2kx, (c) 10kx, (d). G oup 2: Elec ospun a 11.2 kV, 2 ml/h solu ion eeding a e, 8 cm collec o dis ance, SEM magni ica ion a es: (a) 500x, (b) 2kx, (c) 10kx, (d) 20 kx Fig. 1 shows bicomponen solu ion yielded nano ibe s in a de ined o ien a ion and changing eeding a e has leaded a li le change on mo phology o he nano ibe s such as small lines seen in image wi hin G oup 2, e and . 108 Sou ce: Own Fig. 2: SEM images o bicomponen nano ibe s elec ospun using co-axial spinne e in di e en p ocess pa ame e s and eeding a es o Gela in and Oli e Oil; nano ibe s elec ospun a 18 kV wi h a gela in eeding a e o 1.6 ml/h and oli e oil eeding a e o 0.2 ml/h a:5 kx and b:20 kx; nano ibe s elec ospun a 18 kV wi h a gela in eeding a e o 1.3 ml/h and oli e oil eeding a e o 0.2 ml/h c:5 kx and d:20 kx; nano ibe s elec ospun a 19 kV wi h a gela in eeding a e o 1.3 ml/h and oli e oil eeding a e o 0.2 ml/h e:5 kx and :20 kx; nano ibe s elec ospun a 18 kV wi h a gela in eeding a e o 1.9 ml/h and oli e oil eeding a e o 0.2 ml/h g:5 kx and h:20 kx,8 cm dis ance om collec o o all samples. Fig. 2 demons a ed ha ol age change has no changed he mo phology much, bu when eeding a e o gela in inc eased o 1,9 ml/h , apid phase sepa a ion occu ed and soap bubble-like o spide web-like s uc u es ha e been gene a ed. In addi ion, diame e s o he nano ibe s ha e ema kably dec eased. Rela ed li e a u e assumes ha o ma ion o such s uc u es may esul om apid phase sepa a ion and minimal ene gy p inciple [7]. 2.2 FT-IR Analysis FT-IR spec um seen a Fig. 3 shows oli e oil con en apped in o he bicomponen nano ib ous s uc u es p oduced using bicomponen solu ion and coaxial spinne e . The s eep peak seen a 2924 and 2852 cm-1 belong o he symme ical and asymme ical -C-H s e ching wi hin oli e oil s uc u e. These peaks a e espec i ely seen a 2925-2854 cm-1 in he spec a o sample 1 and sample 2, which a e bicomponen nano ibe s p oduced using coaxial spinne e espec i ely a 18 kV and 19 kV wi h a Gela in eeding a e o 1.3 ml/h and oli e oil eeding a e o 0.2 ml/h . hese peaks also seen a 2928-2857 cm-1 in he spec a o sample 3, which is bicomponen nano ibe s p oduced using bicomponen solu ion a 11.2 kV and 1.5 ml/h eeding a e, wi hin FT-IR spec um belongs o all h ee samples ha p oduced 8 cm collec o dis ance. I p o es ha all h ee bicomponen nano ibe samples con ain oli e oil. 109 Sou ce: Own Fig. 3: FT-IR Analysis o Gela in/Oli e Oil Bicomponen Nano ibe s Conclusion To answe he ques ion whe he oli e oil added o bicomponen nano ibe s can be p oduced using ei he a bicomponen solu ion o a coaxial spinne e o medical ield and he apeu ic applica ions, he p oduc ion ials we e ca ied ou a changing applied ol ages, solu ion eeding a es while dis ance be ween needle ip and g ounded collec o pla e was ixed a 8 cm. Changing applied ol age did no ha e a c ucial e ec o e mo phology o he bicomponen nano ibe s p oduced using a bicomponen solu ion, while li le changes ha e occu ed wi hin he s uc u e such as small lines occu ence due o an inc ease in eeding a e o solu ion om 1.5 ml/h o 2 ml/h . Again, ol age change did no ha e a c ucial e ec on mo phology o he bicomponen nano ibe s p oduced using a coaxial spinne e while inc easing he eeding a e o Gela in polyme caused apid phase sepa a ion, which concluded wi h de elopmen o soap bubble-like s uc u es o spide web-like s uc u es and ibe s wi h lowe diame e . FT-IR analyzes p o ed ha oli e oil con en in bo h bicomponen nano ibe s which means hese nano ibe s could be used in medical ield such as wound closu e ma e ials due o hei he apeu ic ac i i y. Finally, use o coaxial spinne e has p o ided di e en mo phological possibili ies such as he de elopmen o biomime ic nano ibe s and nano ibe s wi h lowe diame e s and con aining ac i e agen s. 110 Li e a u e [1] MALAKHOV, S. N.; KHOMENKO, A. Yu.; BELOUSOV, S. I.; PRAZDNICHNYI, A. M.; CHVALUN, S. N.; SHEPELEV, A. D.; BUDYKA, A. K.: Me hod o Manu ac u ing Nonwo ens by Elec ospinning om Polyme Mel s. Fib e Chemis y. (2009) 41 (6):355-359. [2] SIVRI, Ç.; DAYIK, M.: De elopmen o Supe io Sound Abso bing Nonwo en Media ia Mechanical Nano ibe Spinning Me hod, EDANA Nonwo ens Resea ch Academy, 19-20 Ap il 2012, Go henbu g, Sweden. [3] RAMAKRISHNA, S.; FUJIHARA, K.; TEO, W. E.; LIM, T. C.; Ma, Z.: An In oduc ion o Elec ospinning and Nano ibe s. Wo ld Scien i ic, Singapo e, 2005. [4] MCCANN, J. T.; LI, D.; XIA, Y. Elec ospinning o nano ibe s wi h co e-shea h, hollow, o po ous s uc u es. J. Ma e . Chem. 2005, 15, 735–738. [5] WANG, C.; Wang, M.: Dual-sou ce dual-powe elec ospinning and cha ac e is ics o mul i unc ional sca olds o bone issue enginee ing. J Ma e Sci: Ma e Med. (2012) 23:2381–2397. [6] MINCHEVA, R.; MANOLOVA, N.; RASHKOV, I.: Bicomponen aligned nano ibe s o N-ca boxye hylchi osan and poly( inyl alcohol). Eu opean Polyme Jou nal 43 (2007) 2809–2818. [7] LIN, J.; WANG, X.; DING, B.; YU, J.; SUN, G.; WANG, M.: Biomimic y ia Elec ospinning. C i ical Re iews in Solid S a e and Ma e ials Sciences. (2012) 37:94– 114. Çağla Si i; Kasım Aksoy; Sena Demi bağ 111 VÝROBA NANOVLÁKEN ELEKTROSPUNINGEM ZA POUŽITÍ KOAXIÁLNÍ SNOVACÍ TRYSKY, VYUŽITÍ OLIVOVÉHO OLEJE A ŽELATINOVÉHO POLYMERU Ta o s udie pojedná á o ý obě nano láken elek ospuningem (elek os a ickým z lákňo áním) obsahujícím oli o ý olej s pomocí žela ino ého polyme u. Oli o ý olej je pří odní zelený os linný olej, k e ý je boha ý na i aminy, ka o en a mnoho s opo ých p ků. Oli o ý olej má mnoho unkcí e ýži ě a zd a o ní péči a je boha ý na esenciální mas né kyseliny, če ně i amínu A, D, E, K a dalších an ioxidačních lá ek, k e é mohou bý ychle s řebá ány ěle a pomáhají ud žo a pokožku p užnou a lhkou. Z oho o dů odu jsme se é o s udii zaměřili na ý obu nano lákenné s y obsahující oli o ý olej, k e á může bý yuži a oblas i medicíny. Nano lákna jsou ažena me odou d ousložko ého elek os a ického z lákňo ání za použi í koaxiální sno ací ysky. PRODUKTION VON NANOFASERN DURCH ELEKTROSTATISCHE VERSPINNUNG UNTER VERWENDUNG VON KOAXIALEN SCHÄRDÜSEN, NUTZUNG VON OLIVENÖL UND GELATINEPOLYMEREN Diese S udie be ass sich mi de P oduk ion on Nano ase n du ch elek os a ische Ve spinnung un e Einsa z on Oli enöl mi Hil e on Gela inepolyme en. Beim Oli enöl handel es sich um ein na ü liches g ünes P lanzenöl, das eich an Vi aminen, Ka o in und ielen Spu enelemen en is . Oli enöl ha iele Funk ionen inne halb de E näh ung und de Gesundhei sp lege und is auch eich an essenziellen Fe säu en. Da un e be inden sich die Vi amine A, D, E, K und ande e An ioxidan ien, die om Kö pe schnell abso bie we den können und dazu bei agen, die Hau elas isch und euch zu hal en. Aus diesem G unde konzen ie en wi uns in diese S udie au die E zeugung eine Nano ase schich , die Oli enöl en häl und auch au medizinischem Gebie Ve wendung inden kann. Nano ase n we den mi de Me hode de zweikomponen igen elek ios a ischen Ve spinnung un e dem Einsa z on koaxialen Schä d üsen gezogen. PRODUKCJA NANOWŁÓKIEN METODĄ ELEKTROPRZĘDZENIA PRZY WYKORZYSTANIU IGŁY KOAKSJALNEJ, Z ZASTOSOWANIEM OLIWY Z OLIWEK ORAZ POLIMERU ŻELATYNOWEGO Niniejsze op acowanie poświęcone jes p odukcji nanowłókien me odą elek op zędzenia p zy wyko zys aniu oliwy z oliwek i polime u żela ynowego. Oliwa z oliwek jes na u alnym zielonym olejem oślinnym, boga ym w wi aminy, ka o en o az wiele pie wias ków śladowych. Oliwa z oliwek ma wiele unkcji w żywieniu i opiece zd owo nej o az zawie a wiele esencjalnych kwasów łuszczowych, w ym wi aminy A, D, E, K o az inne p zeciwu leniacze, k ó e mogą się szybko wchłaniać, pomagając w u zymaniu elas ycznej i nawilżonej skó y. Z ego powodu w p owadzonych badaniach skupiliśmy się na p odukcji wa s wy nanowłóknowej zawie ającej oliwę z oliwek, k ó a może być wyko zys ana w dziedzinie medycyny. Nanowłókna wy wa zane są me odą dwuskładnikowego elek op zędzenia p zy wyko zys aniu dyszy (igły) koaksjalnej.