Bulle in
OF
THE EUROPEAN
COMMUNITIES
Supplemen
6/82
Supplemen s
1982
1/82
A new
Communi y ac ion p og amme
on he
p omo ion
o
equal
oppo uni ies
o
women,
1982-85
2/82
D a o a
con en ion
on
bank up cy, winding-up, a an-
gemen s,
composi ions
and simila
p oceedings
- D a
con en ion
and epo
3/82
The ins i u ional
sys em
o he
Communi y
-
Res o ing
he
balance
4/82
A
Communi y policy
on
ou ism
-
Ini ial
guidelines
5/82
Memo andum on he Communi y's
de elopmen
policy
6/82
S onge
Communi y
ac ion
in
he
cul u al
sec o
Bulle in
o he Eu opean Communi ies
Supplemen 6/82
S onge Communi y ac ion
in he cul u al sec o
Communica ion om he Commission
o he Council and Pa liamen ,
ansmi ed on 12 Oc obe 1982
EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES
Commission
This publica ion is also a ailable in he ollowing languages:
DA ISBN 92-825-3527-4
DE ISBN 92-825-3528-2
GR ISBN 92-825-3531-2
FR ISBN 92-825-3530-4
IT ISBN 92-825-3532-0
NL ISBN 92-825-3533-9
Ca aloguing da a can be ound a he end o his publica ion
Luxembou g: O ice o O icial Publica ions o he Eu opean Communi ies, 1983
ISBN 92-825-3529-0
Ca alogue numbe : CB-NF-82-006-EN-C
A icles and ex s appea ing in his documen may be ep oduced eely in whole o in pa p o iding
hei sou ce is men ioned.
P in ed in Belgium
con en s
P e ace 5
In oduc ion 7
I - F eedom o ade in cul u al goods 8
II - Imp o ing he li ing and wo king condi ions o cul u al
wo ke s 9
The cul u al sec o and employmen 9
P o ec ion o cul u al wo ke s 10
Na ional aids 11
F eedom o mo emen and es ablishmen 11
Cul u al wo ke s in he egions 11
III - Widening he audience 12
IV - Conse ing he a chi ec u al he i age 13
New possibili ies o inancing conse a ion 13
Economic and social iabili y o conse a ion p ojec s 14
The a chi ec u al he i age and he en i onmen 14
Conclusion 14
Annexes 15
/ - Reco d
ca ds
o wo ks o a 16
// - Imp o ing he li ing and wo king condi ions o cul u al
wo ke s - Speci ic
measu es
16
Shee 1: Collec i e au ho s' igh s 21
Shee 2: D oi de sui e in he plas ic a s 22
Shee 3: The exhibi ion o 150 young Communi y pain e s 23
Shee 4: Ad anced aining h ough pe sonal con ac s 24
III -
Widening
he
audience
- Speci ic
measu es
25
IV -
Conse a ion
o
he a chi ec u al he i age
-
Speci ic
meas-
u es 26
Summa y o ac ion and ope a ions 28

P e ace
• This communica ion was adop ed by he Commission on 29 Sep embe
1982 and add essed immedia ely o Pa liamen and he Council.
I does no expound a philosophy o
cul u e,
o ha would imply coming ou
in a ou o speci ic ideological and aes he ic op ions, which is some hing he
Communi y has no igh o do.
Conside ing he impac o he economic and social en i onmen on he
cul u al ac i i ies and ma e ial ci cums ances o hose men and women who
li e
—
o should be li ing
—
by hei a , he Communi y has a du y o p o ide
cul u e wi h i s own speci ic esou ces.
• Ou communica ion clea ly shows ha o se e cul u e he e is no need o
he Communi y o enc oach on he esponsibili ies o go e nmen s o o o he
in e na ional o ganiza ions. Wi hou u ling any eelings, i simply has o keep
i mly wi hin he bounds o compe ence assigned o i , which a e al eady wide
enough.
One exp ession seems o me o epi omize he spi i in which we compiled his
pape : ins ead o speaking abou 'a is s' we speak abou 'cul u al wo ke s'.
This is in ended o show ha he Communi y is conce ned wi h c ea o s
(w i e s, compose s, pain e s...) and pe o me s (ac o s, musicians, singe s
and dance s...) seen in e ms o hei social si ua ion as employees o
sel -
employed people and no o hei a is ic pe sonali y which is hei business
and hei s alone.
• The c edi o he Commission lies in ha ing made no sec e o
he
ac
—
he
e y g im ac — ha e y many cul u al wo ke s emain ou side he
mains eam o social p og ess.
Indeed, we say loud and clea ha some hing mus be done, and quickly, o
b ing hem all in om he cold.
So,
as we conside wha mus be done o conse e he a chi ec u al he i age o
assess he impac o he ise o he audio isual media ( ele ision and adio
b oadcas ing, cable ne wo ks, machines o p i a e ep oduc ion and
copying...), we canno help bu gi e he i s p io i y o he igh agains un-
employmen , and speci ically he e o he c ea ion o jobs in he a s.
• The media ha e been b illian ly success ul in enla ging hei audiences. I is
he e o e o he go e nmen s and egional and local au ho i ies o help o
enla ge he audience o o he b anches o c ea i e a and o he dissemina-
ion o cul u e. The Commission is eady o make i s con ibu ion.
I he wo ld o books, he pe o ming a s
—
ope a, balle , conce s o he
hea e
—
and he cinema a e o con inue o gi e employmen o au ho s, com-
pose s and pe o me s, wide eade ship and wide audiences mus be secu ed.
The p oblem o eeding he media wi h p og ammes is al eady wi h us, and
will become s ill mo e acu e wi h he o eseeable p oli e a ion o ele ision
channels and he imminen debu o he Eu opean sa elli e(s).
I we allowed hose au ho s and in e p e e s who can wo k o he media o
disappea , we would end up in a pe ec ly absu d si ua ion. Fo wha would be
he poin o ha ing such mi aculous means o ansmission i we no longe
ha e any hing o ansmi o a e doomed o inani y?
• We mus help he cul u al wo ke s o pull h ough a pa icula ly di icul
ime so ha hey can look o wa d o a p omising u u e. Fo hey will soon
ind b oad openings no only in he g ea e cul u al demand esul ing om he
b oadening o educa ion and he ex ension o
leisu e
ime bu also in he con-
inuing de elopmen o he media.
Gas on E. Tho n
P esiden o he Commission
o he Eu opean Communi ies
In oduc ion
1.
The Commission conside s ha he ime
has come o ake s ock o i s ac i i ies in he
cul u al sec o . Nea ly i e yea s ha e passed
since he communica ion o 22 No embe 1977
en i led 'Communi y ac ion in he cul u al sec-
o '.1 An ini ial assessmen can now be made.
Majo de elopmen s ha e occu ed and cu en s
o hough s a e eme ging, bo h o which jus i y
u he app aisal.
2.
The 1977 communica ion made bo h he in-
s i u ions and hose in ol ed in cul u al li e
awa e o wo hings
—
he EEC T ea y co e s
cul u al ac i i ies, and he ins i u ions a e mind-
ul o he p oblems o cul u al wo ke s.
The Commission welcomes he al oge he
a ou able esponse o i s communica ion om
he Eu opean Pa liamen 2 and he Economic
and Social Commi ee.3
Tha pape was based on wo indings:
• Wo ks p oduced by cul u al wo ke s and se -
ices supplied by hem a e p oduc s and se ices
co e ed by he ules o he common ma ke in
he same way as o he p oduc s and se ices
and can ob ain he maximum possible p ac ical
bene i h ough he applica ion o hose ules.
• A is s who c ea e o pe o m wo ks mus
bene i om measu es aken unde he T ea ies
o achie e social p og ess (legisla ion, assis ance
om Communi y unds, Communi y policies,
e c.) like all o he wo ke s.
The Commission conside ed, and s ill conside s,
ha Communi y ac ion in he cul u al sec o
should be bo h complemen a y and subsidia y
o wha was al eady being done in e na ionally.
The e is he e o e no duplica ion wi h he e -
icien ly un ac i i ies o o ganiza ions like he
Council o Eu ope, o which he de elopmen
o cul u e is a p ime objec i e.
The suppo gi en by he budge a y au ho i y,
Pa liamen in pa icula , has been such ha he
unds se aside o he pu pose ha e inc eased
s eadily, om 20700 EUA in 1976 o 706 500
ECU in 1982.
The Commission has hus been able o inance a
p og amme e lec ing he guidelines se ou in i s
communica ion. The main h us has been he
inancing o 'Communi y g an s', which p o ide
a numbe o young people wi h he oppo uni y
o unde go basic o ad anced aining in a ious
S. 6/82
cul u al p o essions, plus suppo o a numbe
o cul u al e en s o Eu opean in e es .
3.
The compa ibili y o his cul u al pu pose
wi h a Communi y he na u e and objec i es o
which a e de ined in p ima ily economic e ms
has been unde conside a ion a he highes le el
e e since he p oblem i s came o he o e on
o a en ion a he Pa is Summi o Oc obe
1972.
Ten yea s la e esh conce n was exp essed
e en mo e cogen ly, bo h in he Memo andum
on he Re i aliza ion o he Communi y
p esen ed by he F ench Go e nmen 4 and in
he d a Eu opean Ac sponso ed by M
Gensche and M Colombo.5
The wo k o Pa liamen 's Commi ee on You h,
Cul u e, Educa ion, In o ma ion and Spo has
also made a aluable con ibu ion. This pape
la gely akes i s cue om he epo s
—
on he
social si ua ion o cul u al wo ke s, on egional
cul u es and egional languages, on conse a ion
o he a chi ec u al he i age, on p omo ion o
he cinema, e c. — al eady adop ed o being
d a ed by ha Commi ee, and om he discus-
sions held las yea ollowing a p og amme
s a emen by he P esiden o he Commission
and a public hea ing o cul u al wo ke s. As a
esul o he discussions o 24 No embe 1981,
he Commission was able o iden i y he
p oblems o he cul u al sec o , lea n exac ly
how cul u al wo ke s eel abou solu ions o be
wo ked ou and asce ain ha he p inciples and
p ac icali ies o hose solu ions had Pa liamen 's
suppo .
Finally, he Ag eemen se ing up he Eu opean
Founda ion was signed on 29 Ma ch 1982.6 The
Commission's own ac i i y will in due cou se
ha e o do e ail wi h he wo k o he Founda-
ion, whose ole and pu pose is mainly cul u al.
The needs o cul u al li e a e so many and so
a ied ha he e is oom o bo h Communi y
ac ion and he wo k o he Founda ion, o hey
will be ollowing qui e di e en app oaches.
Thei espec i e esou ces a e no me ged, bu
a he complemen each o he . Besides
elimina ing any duplica ion he aim mus be o
es ablish ui ul collabo a ion.
1 Supplemen 6/77 - Bull. EC.
2 OJ C 39, 12.2.1979.
3 OJ C 128, 21.5.1979.
4 Bull. EC
11-1981,
poin
3.5.1.
5 Bull. EC
11-1981,
poin
3.4.1.
6 Bull. EC 3-1982, poin 1.2.1 e seq.
7
mee he Bank's c i e ia and ules conce ning
eligibili y.
Mo eo e , he app op ia ion en e ed in he
Communi y budge will allow in e es a es on
such loans o be educed. The Bank's a es a e
among he mos ad an ageous o loans o his •
kind, bu hey a e s ill close o hose on he
capi al ma ke s whe e he Bank ob ains i s
unds.
They may be oo dea o p omo e s o
conse a ion p ojec s. A es o ed monumen
does no yield he same p o i , ou o which he
loan can be epaid, as a ecen ly buil o ex-
panded ac o y.
Las ly, he loans om he EIB's own esou ces
and he in e es subsidies bo ne by he Com-
muni y budge a e no he only sou ces o Com-
muni y inancing. Depending on he p ojec ,
hese loans and in e es subsidies migh also be
supplemen ed by
inancial
assis ance om o he
Communi y Funds. A case-by-case assessmen
should be made o de e mine whe he and o
wha ex en assis ance om one o o he o
hese Funds would be possible.
Economic and social iabili y o
conse a ion p ojec s
22.
When conside ing he p os and cons o a
pa icula p ojec he public au ho i ies can ai -
ly easily es ima e bo h he cos and he bene i in
e ms o he numbe o people employed on he
si e.
Bu i is ha d o hem o o ecas he spin-
o in ou is employmen and al oge he impos-
sible o gauge in ad ance o he economic and
social ad en ages, such as he impac on
egional de elopmen and he egional en i on-
men .
The Commission will se up a g oup o expe s
o wo k ou a me hod o enable hose esponsi-
ble o ca y ou a cos /bene i analysis o e e y
in ended conse a ion p ojec .
Clea ly, his will simply se e as a poin e o
guide he decisions ha he na ional, egional
and local au ho i ies will ha e o ake.
The a chi ec u al he i age and
he en i onmen
23.
In conclusion, i mus be emembe ed ha
ce ain o ms o pollu ion and nuisance a e
capable o causing i e e sible damage o
Eu ope's a chi ec u al he i age. Fo his eason
he Commission in ends o ensu e ha he con-
se a ion aspec is gi en i s p ope place in he
ac ion p og amme on he en i onmen . One o
i s i s asks will be o lis he buildings a
g ea es isk and o con inue s udies de ining
c i e ia o es ablishing cause-and-e ec
ela ionships o a ious ypes o pollu ion and
nuisance.
The Commission p oposal o a Council di ec-
i e conce ning he assessmen o he en-
i onmen al e ec s o ce ain public and p i a e
p ojec s1 makes p o ision o all applica ions
o planning pe mission o con ain a desc ip ion
and assessmen o e ec s on he a chi ec u al
he i age.
Conclusion
24. The e is no p e ension o exe a di ec
in luence on cul u e i sel o o launch a Eu o-
pean cul u al policy; wha s onge Communi y
ac ion in he cul u al sec o means in e ec is
linking i s ou cons i uen s — ee ade in
cul u al goods, imp o ing he li ing and wo king
condi ions o cul u al wo ke s, widening he
audience and conse ing he a chi ec u al
he i age
—
mo e closely o he economic and
social oles which he T ea y assigns o he
Communi y, o he esou ces — mainly
legisla i e
—
ha i p o ides, and o he a ious
Communi y policies ( oca ional aining, social
and egional policies).
The Commission would ask Pa liamen and he
Council o ake no e o
i s
in en ions wi h ega d
o s onge Communi y ac ion in he cul u al
sec o .
I is con inced ha Pa liamen and he Council
will make a aluable con ibu ion o he deba e i
in ends o o ganize.
I will p esen conc e e p oposals o he Council
in he ligh o his deba e.
OJ C 169, 9.7.1980; OJ C 110,
1.5.1982.
14 S. 6/82

Annexes
Annex I
Reco d ca ds o wo ks o a
1.
I is ob iously use ul o ha e a pho og aph
when sea ching o s olen a wo ks, bu i is no
enough in i sel and mus be suppo ed by o he
means o iden i ica ion.
2.
The Commission will ins uc a g oup o
ex-
pe s o compile he lis o headings o be pu on
a o m o be used by owne s o cus odians o
wo ks o a .
By
illing
in his o m o each majo wo k ha
hey own o ha e cha ge o , hey will be able o
es ablish he eco d ca d o ha wo k; when
combined wi h he pho og aph, i will cons i u e
a kind o iden i y ca d.
Should he wo k be s olen, he ca d can be gi en
o he police and cus oms and o as many as
possible o hose people
—
museum cu a o s,
deale s, collec o s — whose good ai h he
hie es o pedla s will y o abuse.
Announcemen s in he ade p ess, o in es-
pecially se ious cases in he o dina y news-
pape s, and on ele ision will also be possible.
3.
A gene al egis e o he s will be compiled
om all he ca ds on s olen wo ks. I will be
kep in one o
he
Membe S a es by an o ice ( o
be speci ied) which will make all he necessa y
a angemen s so ha hose conce ned can con-
sul i i hey ha e doub s abou he p o enance
o an i em o e ed o sale o hem.
4. I should be emphasized ha :
• he ca ds will no gi e echnical de ails o he
kind amilia o a his o ians, bu a simple
desc ip ion ha he layman can unde s and;
• use o he ca ds will be olun a y and no
cha ge will be made; hey will no be com-
pulso y bu simply a acili y o e ed in hei own
in e es o owne s and cus odians o wo ks o
a , who will keep hei ca ds o hemsel es and
make hem public only a e he e has been a
he .
Annex II
Imp o ing he li ing and wo king
condi ions o cul u al wo ke s
—
Speci ic measu es
/. The i s pa o his annex conside s in
ope a ional e ms he p inciples se ou in a
numbe o a icles o he EEC T ea y, in pa -
icula A icles 117 and 118.
The second pa deals wi h ha moniza ion o
axa ion bo h o cul u al wo ke s and o cul u e.
Ha moniza ion o laws on copy igh
and ela ed igh s
2.
The wo k now being done by Commission
depa men s will esul in a 'g een pape ' which
will open a wide- anging deba e on hese igh s
and ele an legisla ion.
The ha moniza ion o laws will also ha e o
co e he wo k o c ea i e c a smen and
pho og aphe s as well as d oi de sui e o
plas ic a is s.
Au ho s'
and
pe o me s' igh s
3.
Because o i s impac on employmen ,
echnological de elopmen has been seen o im-
po e ish hose who hold hese igh s. The
gene al dep ession o hei s anda d o li ing is
in la ge pa due o he anach onisms o legisla-
ion, which is ailing well behind echnology.
The Cou o Jus ice has al eady spoken ou
agains ' he b each made in legal sys ems o he
p o ec ion o copy igh by he inc ease in he use
o ep og aphy'.1
Rep og aphy is no he only p oblem. The e is
also he p oblem o p i a e eco ding by in-
di iduals using he la es ep oduc ion echni-
ques,
a p oblem which will g ow wi h he in-
c ease in he numbe o p og ammes o e ed in
he home: cable ne wo ks, local ele ision and,
sho ly, sa elli es.
The measu es being p epa ed will mode nize he
legisla ion so as o gi e au ho s and in e p e e s
be e p o ec ion agains he ad e se e ec s o
echnological de elopmen on hei employmen
and hei emune a ion.
1 Case 90/79
Commission
F ance
[1981] ECR
283,
a
p.
302.
16 S. 6/82
Good ca e will be aken no o o e look one pa -
icula p ac ice which undeniably cons i u es a
c iminal o ence
—
pi a ing. The Communi y is
du y bound o ake ac ion o coun e wha
amoun s o he o he emune a ion ha
au ho s and in e p e e s should ge om he
legi ima e use o eco ds, ilms and books in
which hey ha e in es ed hei labou . I goes
wi hou saying ha any such measu es mus
su ely ail i hey a e applied by each coun y on
a pu ely na ional scale.
Two di ec i es a e also planned.
The i s is speci ic o compose s and
playw igh s. I akes accoun o wha is in many
espec s a welcome end in he
inancing
o con-
ce s and hea es. I o en happens ha go e n-
men and local au ho i y pay almos as much in
subsidies as he public pays a he box o ice,
and some imes e en mo e. The compose o he
playw igh su e s in ha his emune a ion is
s ill calcula ed only on box o ice eceip s,
whe eas hose eceip s ha e o mee only he
po ion o he expense ha he g an does no
co e and so do no inc ease e y as , ce ainly
no as as as he gene al cos o li ing. A new
me hod o calcula ion should be applied so ha
he bene i o he g an s is equi ably sha ed
be ween he h ee pa ies in ol ed — he
o ganize o he conce o pe o mance, who
has e y hea y expenses, he membe s o he
audience, o whom he g an ensu es
easonable p ices, and he compose o
playw igh , who is o he wise un ai ly obbed o
a sha e o he ac ual eceip s.
The second is mo e gene al in scope. I will
eplace by a single copy igh pe iod ollowed by
a pe iod o collec i e au ho s' igh sl he i e
di e en copy igh pe iods s ill ope a ing in ou
10 coun ies, which aise ba ie s o ade and
dis o compe i ion. I no hing is ied be o e he
accession o Spain he Communi y will e en ual-
ly ha e six copy igh pe iods anging om 50 o
80 yea s.
P o ec ing he wo k o c ea i e c a smen and pho og aphe s
4. The impo ance o his p o ec ion is com-
mensu a e wi h he cul u al and social ole o
c ea i e c a smanship and he wide use o
which pho og aphe s' wo k is pu .
D oi e de sui e o plas ic a is s
5. In i s 1977 communica ion on Communi y
ac ion in he cul u al sec o he Commission an-
nonced i s in en ion o a anging o he in-
oduc ion o ' esale igh s' (d oi de sui e (Shee
2)) in hose coun ies which ha e no ye done
so.
The Commission is s ill con inced ha
some hing mus be done o emo e he ine-
quali y be ween he plas ic a is s in hose
coun ies and hei coun e pa s in coun ies
whe e he d oi de sui e assu es hem and hei
hei s o a sha e in he p oceeds om successi e
sales.
S udies
6. Un il he Commission made a s a on i s
s udies on he economic, social, legal and axa-
ion aspec s o he wo ld o li e a u e, ine a s,
music and he s age, li le wo k had been done in
his
ield
in he Membe S a es and none a all by
he Communi y. These aspec s wi h he laws
ha go e n hem and he p e ailing p ac ices
we e a kind o uncha ed e i o y.
The s udies ha ha e been made ha e es-
ablished he con ou s o he cul u al sec o .
They p o ide a i m basis o Communi y ac-
ion.
They also elucida e he a ious measu es o
be aken by he minis e s wi h esponsibili y o
cul u e and by he a ious ci cles ac i ely con-
ce ned; in bo h cases ex ensi e use has been
made o he s udies.
This explo a ion is, o cou se, by no means com-
ple e; u he s udies s ill need o be made.
7. Wishing o ha e s a is ics o back up he
s udies o he sake o comple e and eliable in-
o ma ion, Pa liamen called o s aigh ap-
plica ion o he second pa ag aph o A icle 122
o he EEC T ea y, and in i ed he Commission
o ins uc he S a is ical O ice o ga he and
upda e s a is ics on he le els o employmen
(which eally means unemploymen ), emune a-
ion and social bene i s among cul u al wo ke s.
An ou side ins i u e has al eady been asked o
de ise a me hod o colla ing and p ocessing he
s a is ics. This wo k will soon be inished. The
O ice will hen con inue by means o successi e
s udies o imp o e he in o ma ion on one o
o he o he main ea u es o he social si ua ion
o he cul u al sec o . The s udies will be
published as and when hey a e comple ed.
1 The p inciple and he bene i s o collec i e au ho s' igh s
( he public domain associa ed wi h he dis ibu ion o p o-
ceeds om oyal ies) a e explained on Shee 1 a ached o
his pape .
S. 6/82 17
Employmen
8. By means o an amendmen in he 1982
budge Pa liamen inse ed an a icle headed
'P omo ion o he cul u al sec o ', which i
jus i ied as ollows: The pu pose o
his
a icle is
o con ibu e owa ds he inancing o a a ie y
o p ojec s and pilo schemes aimed a o e ing
he public a wide a ie y o o ms o cul u al
exp ession, he eby educing he le el o un-
employmen among cul u al wo ke s.'
The app op ia ion unde he new a icle will i s
be used o expe imen s o p omo e he cinema,
he hea e and poe y, as well as he plas ic a s
in he o m o he a elling exhibi ion o 'A
hund ed and i y young Communi y pain e s'
(Shee 3).
Job c ea ion in he cul u al sec o is in line wi h
he end owa ds de eloping he e ia y sec o .
Mo eo e , he cos o he in es men needed o
c ea e cul u al employmen is i ial when com-
pa ed wi h he scale o indus ial in es men s.
Li e pe o mances could gi e employmen , no
only o pe o me s, bu also o a conside able
numbe o adminis a o s and echnicians o
ligh ing, sound, s age managemen and scene y
design, cos umes, he making o musical ins u-
men s, e c.
Ini ial and ad anced aining
9. Since unemploymen is a one o i s peaks
in he cul u al sec o , he e a e many mo e
easonably sui able applican s o one and he
same job han in any o he sec o . Compe i ion
is such ha mo e han anywhe e else employ-
men hangs upon quali ica ions. On an ex eme-
ly igh labou ma ke he chances o ge ing a
job a e no inc eased by, bu indeed depend on,
quali ica ions.
Quali ica ions a e ob iously an indi idual solu-
ion o he employmen p oblem. They a e alid
only in so a as hey a e pa o
he
o e all solu-
ion ha na ional and local au ho i ies can ind,
no ably h ough cul u al in es men s and he
esul an wide audience.
In he ma e o quali ica ions he cul u al sec o
is no excep ion: cul u al wo ke s, like all o he
wo ke s, ge hei quali ica ions h ough aining
and e aining.
T aining
10. Communi y schola ships o g an s ha e
been ins i u ed. They a e awa ded o young peo-
ple who ha e chosen o ollow one o o he o
he a is ic occupa ions o c a s in ol ed in he
conse a ion o he a chi ec u al he i age and o
a numbe o young people who in end o become
s inged-ins umen make s, ins umen alis s,
dance s, cho eog aphe s o compose s, o name
bu a ew.
11.
Two aining p oblems call o u gen
solu ion.
• The conce n o iabili y some imes p omp s
o ganize s o ee-paying aining cou ses in
s age wo k o accep and keep s uden s whom
hey know o a ac a e no gi ed enough o
ha e ai chance o inding wo k la e . Poo
aining s anda ds no in equen ly comp omise
he u u e employmen o appa en ly p omising
s uden s.
Legisla i e measu es should be aken which spell
ou he mo al and educa ional s anda ds o be
equi ed o o ganize s and eache s gi ing ee-
paying cou ses.
• O all cul u al wo ke s i is dance s, male and
emale, who ha e he sho es ca ee s. The
p oblem o e aining hem he e o e a ises
much ea lie . In some cases he answe could
well be o make hem balle -mas e s o mis es-
ses,
assis ing he cho eog aphe in di ec ing
ehea sals. Bu nowhe e in he Communi y (o ,
o ha ma e , in o he coun ies) does any
such specialized cou se exis .
Ten Communi y g an s a yea should be
awa ded o a dancing school which s a s a
cou se o balle -mas e s o mis esses.
Ad anced aining
12.
Fo ad anced aining Communi y ac ion
in he cul u al sec o makes use o ei he pe -
sonal con ac s (Shee 4) o mul ina ional ac-
i i y:
• a he end o hei aining young cul u al
wo ke s may go on cou ses in a Communi y
coun y o he han hei own, o ganized on he
basis o A icle 50 o he EEC T ea y;
• expe ienced cul u al wo ke s om se e al
Communi y coun ies pu on a ious cul u al
e en s, o which he Communi y makes a inan-
cial con ibu ion.
18 S. 6/82
The combina ion o a leas wo na ional p ac-
ices in moun ing hese p oduc ions adds a new
dimension o cul u al exchanges. They no longe
achie e only hal hei pu pose in g a i ying he
audience. The pe o me s gain om hem oo.
Thei skills a e aised o he highes pi ch by he
aluable expe ience o wo king oge he .
The bes -known example is he Communi y
You h O ches a. I p o ides ull aining and
p ac ice in ensemble playing and igu es
p ominen ly on he labou ma ke o young
musicians, many o whom owe hei subsequen
engagemen by one o o he o ou majo
symphony o ope a o ches as o i .
Ano he p ojec sponso ed by he Commission
is ha o he 'Eu opean Rooms' o ganized by
he No wich Cas le Museum ( he p epa a ion o
which in ol ed he c ea ion o a e i able
ne wo k o museum cu a o s h oughou he
Communi y). Luxembou g has he Wil z Eu o-
pean Fes i al, which owes i s success o he e -
o s o Ge man, F ench, I alian and Luxem-
bou g ac o s, singe s and musicians, who will be
joined nex yea by a oupe o Du ch dance s.
Collec i e ba gaining be ween employe s
and wo ke s
13.
Collec i e nego ia ions should i s
endea ou o pu an end o a p ac ice s ill all oo
equen ly ound. Ce ain con ac ual clauses
ob he economically weake pa y
—
he au ho ,
ansla o , ac o o musician
—
o one o o he
sa egua d ha he law is mean o gi e him.
I employe s and employees in he cul u al sec-
o we e able o ag ee on a angemen s conce n-
ing ansla o s, he Commission would make
s ic compliance wi h hose a angemen s a
condi ion o g an ing inancial assis ance o
publishe s as pa o he s anding ope a ion 'Aid
o li e a y ansla ion'.
Ha moniza ion o axa ion
14. In ha moniza ion di ec i es designed i s
and o emos o es ablish and ope a e he com-
mon ma ke , due conside a ion should be gi en
o o he exigencies, including hose ele an o
he p oduc ion and supply o cul u al goods and
se ices.
A close s udy should be made o
he
posi ion o
cul u al goods and se ices in he es ablishmen
and ope a ion o he common ma ke , in o de
o de ine mo e p ecisely he qui e subs an ial
ole ha hey play in i .
Ha moniza ion o axa ion could ha e h ee
a ge s: a ax sys em kinde o cul u al ounda-
ions and pa onage; he sp eading o cul u al
wo ke s' incomes o e se e al ax yea s; lowe
VAT a es on cul u al goods and se ices.
A ax sys em kinde o cul u al ounda ions and pa onage
15. Since he scope o cul u al ounda ions
and pa onage hinges closely on hei ax posi-
ion,
he employmen o cul u al wo ke s
likewise depends on i .
A Council ecommenda ion o he Membe
S a es could be conside ed.
Sp eading cul u al wo ke s' incomes o e se e al ax yea s
16. In some Communi y coun ies cul u al
wo ke s a e allowed o sp ead he axable in-
come om an excep ionally good yea o e
se e al ax yea s. This sys em could well be ap-
plied h oughou he Communi y. I does no
cons i u e a p i ilege, bu simply e lec s he
speci ic si ua ion o cul u al wo ke s.
The g ea majo i y o axpaye s enjoy a b oadly
s able income om yea o yea , he only a ia-
ions esul ing om he declining alue o money
and he no mal ad ance o hei ca ee s i hey
a e employees o o hei business i hey a e
no . In con as , cul u al wo ke s a e ewa ded
a highly i egula in e als. Thei wo ks p o ide
an income only a e a long pe iod o ges a ion,
du ing which hey a e educed o li ing on he
p oceeds om p e ious wo k. O an ac o may
ge one season's wo k in be ween a whole se ies
o seasons when, h ough no aul o
his
own bu
simply because he pa s a e no a ailable, he
inds himsel i ually ou o a job. Th ough he
e ec o he ax b acke s a pain e may all in o
a high b acke o he yea o an exhibi ion
which enables him o sell pic u es, and he hen
has a hea y, indeed excessi e, ax bill. The same
hing happens o an ac o in a yea ull o
engagemen s.
Lowe VAT a es on cul u al goods and se ices
17. Compounding he di icul ies o
ma ke ing, high VAT a es es ic openings and
consequen ly employmen o cul u al wo ke s.
S. 6/82 19

Ye ha moniza ion o
VAT
on all goods and se -
ices gene ally s ill co e s only he basis o as-
sessmen .
So we ha e o wai o he second s age be o e
cul u al goods and se ices can be subjec o
ha monized a es which allow o he needs o
cul u al wo ke s, wha cul u al en u es can
con ibu e and he exigencies o he dissemina-
ion o cul u e.
20 S. 6/82
Shee
1
Collec i e au ho s' igh s
1.
The public domain associa ed wi h he dis ibu ion o p oceeds om oyal ies ex ends
he au ho 's igh ( i s o himsel and la e o his hei s) by collec i e au ho s' igh s -
o all li ing au ho s.
In he Communi y his sys em exis s only in I aly and, in a sligh ly di e en o m, in
F ance.
2.
Clea ly, an au ho mus be paid o his wo k h oughou his li e. Likewise, his
emune a ion should no mally go o his hei s du ing he 50 yea s a e his dea h. Wha is
w ong, howe e , is ha he only e ec o he e being no cha ge he ea e is o boos he
dissemina o 's (publishe 's) p o i .
As his ne e esul s in a lowe ing o p ices, eade s and audiences ge no bene i om he
ee public domain. I has no posi i e e ec on he dissemina ion o cul u e.
3.
Gene al applica ion o collec i e au ho s' igh s would o e subs an ial ad an ages.
The sums collec ed would swell he social and cul u al unds se up by mos au ho s' as-
socia ions.
The needs o social unds a e a om being sa is ied.
The lack o esou ces is p e en ing he cul u al unds om playing hei ole in p omo ing
wo ks. This means ha i is he public au ho i ies which, unde hei own cul u al policies,
bea almos he en i e cos . I he au ho s could hemsel es bea a signi ican p opo ion
o he bu den hey would ha e a ai sha e o he esponsibili y o p omo ion and would
hus gain he mo e de ini e independence which he democ a ic coun ies in which we li e
canno g udge hem.
4. Ini ially, collec i e au ho s' igh s will p obably ha e o be con ined o wo ks which
appea a e he in oduc ion o hose igh s and be applied o a speci ic pe iod o , say, 20
yea s.
Bu i he in en ion is o secu e esou ces o eally e ec i e ac ion, hen hese igh s mus
e en ually co e all wo ks and emain in e ec o as long as he e a e dissemina o s o
exploi any one o hem.
The inal objec i e is unlimi ed collec i e igh s.
Shee
2
D oi de sui e in he plas ic a s
1.
This consis s o paymen o he a is o his hei s o
a
pe cen age o
he
p ice ob ained
on successi e sales o he wo k ollowing he ini ial cession.
In his way he a is ob ains a inancial sha e in he success ob ained by his wo ks
h oughou hei li e, and no jus when hey i s appea .
Fo c ea i e a is s in he plas ic a s he ime-limi applying o he d oi de sui e is o g ea
impo ance, since i is e y a e o hei alen o be app ecia ed immedia ely: his
gene ally demands a conside able lapse o ime.
In he absence o a d oi de sui e any app ecia ion in alue b ings no e u n o he c ea o
o his hei s; howe e g ea he p o i s on each esale (a pic u e, o example, is o en esold
se e al imes), hey go exclusi ely o he successi e owne s and deale s.
2.
Al hough he Membe S a es a e all signa o ies o he Be ne Con en ion on he
P o ec ion o Li e a y and A is ic Wo ks o 9 Decembe 1886, in o which he d oi de
sui e was in oduced by he e ision o 26 June 1948, such igh s exis deju e and de ac o
in only six o hem: Belgium, Denma k, F ance, I aly, Luxembou g and he Fede al
Republic o Ge many.
Gene al applica ion o he d oi de sui e would no only elimina e he socially unaccep-
able inequali y be ween a is s in he a ious coun ies o he Communi y bu also a si ua-
ion which, in so a as i dis o s compe i ion on he a ma ke , is inadmissible as ega ds
he unc ioning o he common ma ke .
Since majo sales (high alue) end o be held in coun ies whe e cos s a e lowe , hose
coun ies whe e he e is no d oi de sui e bene i om a dis o ion o compe i ion wi hin
he meaning o A icle 101 o he EEC T ea y.
3.
The In e go e nmen al Con e ence on Cul u al Policies in Eu ope o ganized by
Unesco in Helsinki in 1972 ecommended ha membe coun ies should ecognize he
copy igh o he a is s conce ned on all public sales o hei wo ks.
The d oi de sui e comes up again in he Recommenda ion on he Condi ion o he A is ,
adop ed by Unesco in 1980.
Shee
3
The exhibi ion o 150 young Communi y pain e s
7. In 1983 and 1984 a a elling exhibi ion will ou nine capi als and, o Ge many, he
ci y o Cologne. I will display wo can asses by each o 150 pain e s.
2.
'Young pain e ' means someone who has no achie ed ame bu whose alen is
ecognized by his pee s, he c i ics and he enligh ened public.
3.
These a e p ecisely he pain e s who
• can o e he public he mos s iking iew o pain e s in he Communi y oday, and who
• need o ha e hei wo k exhibi ed mo e widely in o de o make a decisi e s ide in hei
ca ee s.
The Commission has al eady been conce ned wi h hei si ua ion. In he middle o 1981,
a e a su ey and p epa a ion which ook almos wo yea s, i published he Handbook
o Plas ic A is s. I s pu pose is o amilia ize pain e s, as well as eng a e s and sculp-
o s,
wi h acili ies o help hem in hei own coun ies and in o he Communi y coun ies
in which hey wish o wo k. These include schola ships, p izes, help wi h hei i s exhibi-
ion,
g an s o pu chasing equipmen and s udio space.
I had been ound ha , knowing li le o hese acili ies, a is s we e no making much use
o hem. So he Handbook se ed a pu pose — and a social one.
3.
The selec ion o pain e s o be hung in he exhibi ion will no be on a compe i i e
basis be ween he Membe S a es. They will be selec ed in each coun y by a na ional
commi ee.
4. The o iginali y o his exhibi ion is wo hy o no e.
The Council o Eu ope, o example, om ime o ime sponso s widely admi ed exhibi-
ions o ou s anding easu es. Would he Commission, in u n, y o ie wi h i in e ms
o he p es ige and ma ke alue o he wo ks exhibi ed? I decided o aim o some hing
comple ely di e en . The exhibi ion o 150 young Communi y pain e s will no be a
glamo ous collec ion o enowned pic u es. I s g ea ascina ion is ha i will display he
wo k o a is s who will he omo ow's mas e s
—
hose who will be pain ing o he 21s
cen u y.

Eu opean Communi ies-Commission
S onge Communi y ac ion in he cul u al sec o
Supplemen 6/82 -
Bull.
EC
Luxembou g: O ice o O icial Publica ions o he Eu opean Communi ies
1983-28 pp.-17.6x25.0 cm
DA, DE,GR, EN, FR, IT, NL
ISBN 92-825-3529-0
Ca alogue numbe : CB-NF-82-006-EN-C
P ice (excluding VAT) in Luxembou g:
ECU 2 BFR90 IRL1.40 UKL1.20 USD 2
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cul-
u al goods, imp o ing he li ing and wo king condi ions o cul u al wo ke s, enla ging he audience, and
conse a ion o he a chi ec u al he i age.
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