Ca bon Managemen
ISSN: 1758-3004 (P in ) 1758-3012 (Online) Jou nal homepage: h p://www. and online.com/loi/ cm 20
MAGGne : An in e na ional ne wo k o os e
mi iga ion o ag icul u al g eenhouse gases
M.A. Liebig, A.J. F anzluebbe s, C. Al a ez, T.D. Chiesa, N. Lewczuk, G. Piñei o,
G. Posse, L. Yahdjian, P. G ace, O. Machado Rod igues Cab al, L. Ma in-Ne o,
R. de A agão Ribei o Rod igues, B. Ami o, D. Ange s, X. Hao, M. Oelbe mann,
M. Tenu a, L.J. Munkholm, K. Regina, P. Cellie , F. Eh ha d , G. Richa d, R.
Dechow, F. Agus, N. Widia a, J. Spink, A. Be i, C. G ignani, M. Mazzoncini, R.
O sini, P.P. Rogge o, G. Seddaiu, F. Tei, D. Ven ella, G. Vi ali, A. Kishimo o-Mo,
Y. Shi a o, S. Sudo, J. Shin, L. Schippe , R. Sa é, J. Lei eld, L. Spada ecchia, J.
Yelu ipa i, S. Del G osso, C. Rice & J. Sawchik
To ci e his a icle: M.A. Liebig, A.J. F anzluebbe s, C. Al a ez, T.D. Chiesa, N. Lewczuk, G.
Piñei o, G. Posse, L. Yahdjian, P. G ace, O. Machado Rod igues Cab al, L. Ma in-Ne o, R.
de A agão Ribei o Rod igues, B. Ami o, D. Ange s, X. Hao, M. Oelbe mann, M. Tenu a, L.J.
Munkholm, K. Regina, P. Cellie , F. Eh ha d , G. Richa d, R. Dechow, F. Agus, N. Widia a,
J. Spink, A. Be i, C. G ignani, M. Mazzoncini, R. O sini, P.P. Rogge o, G. Seddaiu, F. Tei, D.
Ven ella, G. Vi ali, A. Kishimo o-Mo, Y. Shi a o, S. Sudo, J. Shin, L. Schippe , R. Sa é, J. Lei eld, L.
Spada ecchia, J. Yelu ipa i, S. Del G osso, C. Rice & J. Sawchik (2016) MAGGne : An in e na ional
ne wo k o os e mi iga ion o ag icul u al g eenhouse gases, Ca bon Managemen , 7:3-4,
243-248, DOI: 10.1080/17583004.2016.1180586
To link o his a icle: h p://dx.doi.o g/10.1080/17583004.2016.1180586
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Published online: 31 May 2016.
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MAGGne : An in e na ional ne wo k o os e mi iga ion o ag icul u al
g eenhouse gases
M.A. Liebig
1
, A.J. F anzluebbe s
2
, C. Al a ez
3
, T.D. Chiesa
4
, N. Lewczuk
5
,G.Pi
~
nei o
6
, G. Posse
7
, L. Yahdjian
8
,
P. G ace
9
, O. Machado Rod igues Cab al
10
, L. Ma in-Ne o
11
, R. de A ag~
ao Ribei o Rod igues
12
, B. Ami o
13
,
D. Ange s
14
, X. Hao
15
, M. Oelbe mann
16
, M. Tenu a
17
, L.J. Munkholm
18
, K. Regina
19
, P. Cellie
20
, F. Eh ha d
21
,
G. Richa d
22
, R. Dechow
23
, F. Agus
24
, N. Widia a
25
, J. Spink
26
, A. Be i
27
, C. G ignani
28
, M. Mazzoncini
29
,
R. O sini
30
, P.P. Rogge o
31
, G. Seddaiu
32
, F. Tei
33
, D. Ven ella
34
, G. Vi ali
35
, A. Kishimo o-Mo
36
, Y. Shi a o
37
,
S. Sudo
38
, J. Shin
39
, L. Schippe
40
, R. Sa 
e
41
, J. Lei eld
42
, L. Spada ecchia
43
, J. Yelu ipa i
44
, S. Del G osso
45
,
C. Rice
46
and J. Sawchik
47
1
USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, ND, USA, C1-701-667-3079;
2
USDA-ARS, NCSU Campus Box 7620, Raleigh, NC, USA, C1-919-208-9344;
3
Na ional Ins i u e o Ag icul u al Technology, Man edi, C
o doba, A gen ina, C54-03572-493053;
4
IFEVA, Facul ad de Ag onom
ıa,
Uni e sidad de Buenos Ai es, CONICET, San Ma in 4453, Buenos Ai es, A gen ina, C54-11-45248070;
5
Na ional Ins i u e o Ag icul u al
Technology, Buenos Ai es, A gen ina, C54-11-46211684;
6
IFEVA, Facul ad de Ag onom

ıa, Uni e sidad de Buenos Ai es, CONICET, San
Ma in 4453, Bienos Ai es, A gen ina, C54-11-45248070;
7
Na ional Ins i u e o Ag icul u al Technology, Buenos Ai es, A gen ina, C54-11-
46210125;
8
IFEVA, Facul ad de Ag onom
ıa, Uni e sidad de Buenos Ai es, CONICET, San Ma in 4453, Buenos Ai es, A gen ina, C5411-
45248070;
9
Queensland Uni e si y o Technology, B isbane, Queesland, Aus alia, C61-7-3138-9283;
10
Emb apa En i onmen , RODOVIA
SP340 KM 127, 5, S~
ao Paulo, B azil, C55-19- 33112685;
11
Emb apa Headqua e s, Pa que Es a¸c~
ao Biol
ogica - PqEB s/n, B as
ılia, B azil, C55-
61-3448-4347;
12
Emb apa Soils, Rua Ja dim Bo ^
anico, 1024, Rio de Janei o, B azil, C55-21-21794601;
13
Uni e si y o Mani oba, Winnipeg,
Mani oba, Canada, C1-204-474-9876;
14
Ag icul u e and Ag i-Food Canada, Qu
ebec, Qu
ebec, Canada, C1-418-210-5022;
15
Ag icul u e and
Ag i-Food Canada, Le hb idge, Albe a, Canada, C1-403-317-2279;
16
Uni e si y o Wa e loo, Wa e loo, On a io, Canada, C1-519-888-4567;
17
Uni e si y o Mani oba, Depa men o Soil Science, Winnipeg, Mani oba, Canada, C1-204-474-7827;
18
Dep . o Ag oecology, Aa hus
Uni e si y, Bliche s All
e 20, Pos boks 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denma k, C45 8715-7727;
19
Na u al Resou ces Ins i u e Finland, Tie o ie 4, FI-
31600 Jokioinen, Finland, C358-50-3061676;
20
F ench Na ional Ins i u e o Ag icul u al Resea ch (INRA), UMR1402 Ecosys, 78850
Thi e al-G ignon, F ance, C33-0-1-30-81-55-32;
21
F ench Na ional Ins i u e o Ag icul u al Resea ch (INRA), Pa is, F ance, C33-0-1-42-75-
93-68;
22
F ench Na ional Ins i u e o Ag icul u al Resea ch (INRA), O l
eans, F ance, C33-0-2-38-41-78-41;
23
Th€
unen Ins i u e o Clima e-
Sma Ag icul u e, B aunschweig, Ge many, C49-531-5962665;
24
Indonesian Soil Resea ch Ins i u e, Jl. Ten a a Pelaja No. 12, Cimanggu,
Bogo 16114, Indonesia, C62-251-8336757;
25
Indonesian Cen e o Food C op Resea ch and De elopmen , Jalan Me deka 147, Bogo
16111, Indonesia, C62-251-8334089;
26
Oak Pa k C ops Resea ch Cen e, Teagasc, Oak Pa k, Ca low, I eland, C353-0-599170250;
27
Dipa i-
men o di Ag onomia Animali Alimen i iso se Na u ali e Ambien e (DAFNAE), Uni e si 
a di Pado a, Ag ipolis, Viale dell’Uni e si 
a 16, 35020
Legna o, Pado a, I aly, C39-049-8272828;
28
Depa men o Ag icul u al, Fo es and Food Sciences, Uni e si y o Tu in, La go B accini 2,
10095 G ugliasco (TO), I aly, C39-011-6708777;
29
Depa men o Ag onomy and Ag oecosys em Managemen (DAGA), Uni e si y o Pisa,
Via S. Michele degli Scalzi 2, 56100 Pisa, I aly, C39-050-2218936;
30
Dipa imen o di Scienze Ag a ie Alimen a i e Ambien ali, Uni e si 
a
Poli ecnica delle Ma che, ia B ecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, I aly, C39-071-2204157;
31
Nucleo di Rice ca sulla Dese ificazione and Dipa i-
men o di Ag a ia, Uni e si 
a di Sassa i, iale I alia 39, 07100 Sassa i, I aly, C39-079-229226;
32
Nucleo di Rice ca sulla Dese ificazione and
Dipa imen o di Ag a ia, Uni e si 
a di Sassa i, iale I alia 39, 07100 Sassa i, I aly, C39-328-0431585;
33
Dep o Ag icul u al, Food and En i-
onmen al Sciences, Uni e si y o Pe ugia, Bo go XX Giugno, 74, 06121 Pe ugia, I aly, C39-075-5856060;
34
Resea ch Uni o C opping Sys-
ems in D y En i onmen s (CRA-SCA), Via Celso Ulpiani 5, 70125 Ba i, I aly, C39-080-5475011;
35
Dipa imen o di Scienze ag a ie, Alma
Ma e S udio um, Uni e si 
a di Bologna, ia Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, I aly, C39-055-2096644;
36
Na ional Ins i u e o Ag o-En i on-
men al Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan, C81-29-838-8194;
37
Na ional Ins i u e o Ag o-En i onmen al Sciences, 3-1-3
Kannondai, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan, C81-29-838-8235;
38
Na ional Ins i u e o Ag o-En i onmen al Sciences, 3-1-3 Kannondai, Tsukuba
305-8604, Japan, C81-29-838-8330;
39
Na ional Academy o Ag icul u al Science, Seoul, Sou h Ko ea, None a ailable;
40
En i onmen al
Resea ch Ins i u e, Uni e si y o Waika o, P i a e Bag 3105, Hamil on, 3240, New Zealand, C64-7-838-4468;
41
Ins i u e o Ag i ood Resea ch
and Technology (IRTA), Ba celona, Ca alonia, Spain, C34-93-4674040 (ex . 1326);
42
Ag oscope, Reckenholzs asse 191, CH-8046, Z€
u ich,
Swi ze land, C41-58-468-75-10;
43
Depa men o En i onmen , Food & Ru al A ai s, A ea 1B Nobel House, 17 Smi h Squa e, London,
Uni ed Kingdom, SW1P 3JR, C44-2072-384575;
44
The James Hu on Ins i u e, C aigiebuckle , Abe deen AB15 8QH, Sco land, Uni ed King-
dom, C44-1224-395282;
45
USDA Ag icul u al Resea ch Se ice, 2150 Cen e A e., Building D, Sui e 100, Fo Collins, CO, USA, C1-970-492-
7281;
46
Kansas S a e Uni e si y, 2701 Th ockmo on C ., Manha an, KS, USA, C1-785-532-7217;
47
Na ional Ins i u e o Ag icul u al
Resea ch U uguay, Mon e ideo, U uguay, C598-2902-0550
ABSTRACT
Resea ch ne wo ks p o ide a amewo k o e iew, syn hesis and sys ema ic es ing o heo ies
by mul iple scien is s ac oss in e na ional bo de s c i ical o add essing global-scale issues. In
2012, a GHG esea ch ne wo k e e ed o as MAGGne (Managing Ag icul u al G eenhouse
Gases Ne wo k) was es ablished wi hin he C oplands Resea ch G oup o he Global Resea ch
Alliance on Ag icul u al G eenhouse Gases (GRA). Wi h in ol emen om 46 alliance membe
coun ies, MAGGne seeks o p o ide a pla o m o he in en o y and analysis o ag icul u al
GHG mi iga ion esea ch h oughou he wo ld. To da e, me ada a om 315 expe imen al
s udies in 20 coun ies ha e been compiled using a s anda dized sp eadshee . Mos s udies
KEYWORDS
Ca bon seques a ion; Global
Resea ch Alliance; Managing
Ag icul u al G eenhouse
Gases Ne wo k; Ni ous oxide
CONTACT M.A. Liebig [email p o ec ed]
Supplemen al da a o his a icle can be accessed h p://dx.doi.o g/10.1080/17583004.2016.1180586.
This wo k was au ho ed as pa o he Con ibu o ’so ficial du ies as an Employee o he Uni ed S a es Go e nmen and is he e o e a wo k o he Uni ed S a es Go e nmen . In
acco dance wi h 17 U.S.C. 105, no copy igh p o ec ion is a ailable o such wo ks unde U.S. Law.
This is an Open Access a icle dis ibu ed unde he e ms o he C ea i e Commons A ibu ion-NonComme cial-NoDe i a i es License (h p://c ea i ecommons.o g/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/),
which pe mi s non-comme cial e-use, dis ibu ion, and ep oduc ion in any medium, p o ided he o iginal wo k is p ope ly ci ed, and is no al e ed, ans o med, o buil upon in any way.
CARBON MANAGEMENT, 2016
VOL. 7, NOS. 34, 243248
h p://dx.doi.o g/10.1080/17583004.2016.1180586
we e comple ed (74%) and conduc ed wi hin a 13-yea du a ion (68%). Soil ca bon and
ni ous oxide emissions we e measu ed in o e 80% o he s udies. Among plan a iables,
g ain yield was assessed ac oss s udies mos equen ly (56%), ollowed by s o e (35%) and
oo (9%) biomass. MAGGne has con ibu ed o modeling e o s and has spu ed o he
esea ch g oups in he GRA o collec expe imen al si e me ada a using an adap ed
sp eadshee . Wi h con inued g ow h and in es men , MAGGne will le e age limi ed- esou ce
in es men s by any one coun y o p oduce an inclusi e, globally sha ed me a-da abase
ocused on he science o GHG mi iga ion.
GRA Global Resea ch Alliance
GRACEne G eenhouse Gas Reduc ion h ough Ag i-
cul u al Ca bon Enhancemen Ne wo k
MAGGne Managing Ag icul u al G eenhouse Gases
Ne wo k
In oduc ion
Concu en e o s o mi iga e ag icul u al g eenhouse
gases (GHGs) while adap ing p oduc ion p ac ices o
p ojec ed ha dships o clima e change will be essen ial
o ensu e long- e m sus ainabili y and ood secu i y
[1,2]. Mi iga ion esea ch in ag icul u e should p o ide
a mechanis ic unde s anding o he unde lying p o-
cesses a ec ing na u al esou ces, be scalable o p o-
ide use ul p edic ions, and be ansla ed in such a
way ha i e ec i ely suppo s bo h adop ion o bes
p ac ices/sys ems and in o med decision making o
policies [3]. Al hough a significan numbe o esea ch
p ojec s ha e been comple ed o a e unde way o
unde s and how ag icul u e can mi iga e GHG emis-
sions, a coo dina ed e o is lacking o ca alogue and
syn hesize dispa a e esea ch e o s a ound he wo ld.
In esponse o hese challenges, he Global Resea ch
Alliance on Ag icul u al G eenhouse Gases (GRA) was
o med in 2009 o de elop ans-na ional s a egies o
educing GHG in ensi y o ag icul u al p oduc ion [4]. To
acili a e ocused e o s, he GRA es ablished h ee
esea ch g oups (C opland, Li es ock, Paddy Rice) and
wo c oss-cu ing eams (Soil Ca bonNi ogen Model-
ing, In en o ies-Moni o ing). Each g oup and eam
de eloped wo k plans o enable success ul collabo a-
ions, as well as o sha e knowledge and bes p ac ices,
build capaci y and capabili y among pa icipan s, and
mo e owa ds ans o ma i e solu ions o educe ag i-
cul u al GHG emissions ([5] GRA, 2016). Membe ship in
he GRA is olun a y, and 46 coun ies ha e al eady
become membe s o one o mo e GRA esea ch g oups
and/o c oss-cu ing eams ( e ified May 10, 2016).
The o ganiza ional pla o m o he GRA acili a es
he de elopmen o esea ch ne wo ks. As e iewed
by Baldocchi e al. [6], ne wo ks occupy a cen al
ole in GHG esea ch. B oadly, GHG ne wo ks p o-
ide a o um o gene a ing c ea i e solu ions o
c i ical mi iga ion challenges using di e se pe spec-
i es. Mo e specifically, da a a chi es and manage-
men ac i i ies o en se e as a key ocus o GHG
ne wo ks, gi en he complexi y o he subjec and
he need o p o ide da a o he de elopmen and
es ing o models. Modeling e o s and me a-analy-
ses ha use high-quali y da a a chi es om GHG
ne wo ks p o ide c i ical in o ma ion o p edic
GHG emissions om ag icul u al ac i i ies and
in o m policy decisions ocused on mi iga ing emis-
sions [7].
He e, a GHG esea ch ne wo k o med unde he
auspices o he GRA C oplands Resea ch G oup is in o-
duced. Re e ed o as he Managing Ag icul u al G een-
house Gases Ne wo k (MAGGne ), he ne wo k
ep esen s a coo dina ed, mul i-na ional e o ha
se es as a ounda ion o in en o y and analysis o
GHG mi iga ion esea ch. Th ough his b ie epo ,
MAGGne ’s de elopmen , me ada a collec ion me hod,
cu en s a us and ecen applica ions a e desc ibed.
De elopmen and desc ip ion
MAGGne a ose om membe discussions du ing he
GRA C oplands Resea ch G oup annual mee ing in
San An onio, Texas, USA, Oc obe 20, 2011. A key
ac ion i em iden ified du ing he mee ing was he
“de elopmen o an in en o y da abase on long- e m
measu emen expe imen s,”which was dis illed om a
b oade goal o c ea e a global ne wo k o epu able
GHG emission and soil C seques a ion da a om spe-
cific managemen p ac ices o syn hesis e alua ions
and model es ing/ alida ion ac oss a di e si y o en i-
onmen s [4]. Following discussions wi h C oplands
Resea ch G oup co-chai s in la e 2011, he ac ion i em
was ocused o compile key me ada a om c opland
expe imen al si es h oughou he wo ld whe e bio-
mass yields, GHG flux and soil C dynamics we e moni-
o ed. Expe imen al si es wi h a eco d o documen ed
ou comes in pee - e iewed publica ions we e a -
ge ed, a limi a ion in en ionally imposed o inc ease
he likelihood o compiling high-quali y me ada a.
Me ada a om expe imen al si es we e compiled
using a Mic oso Excel sp eadshee (Mic oso Co p.,
Redmond, Washing on, USA). Loosely pa e ned a e a
da a en y empla e used by he G eenhouse Gas
Reduc ion h ough Ag icul u al Ca bon Enhancemen
Ne wo k (GRACEne ) [8], 11 wo kshee abs we e
es ablished o collec backg ound in o ma ion and
expe imen me ada a. Wi hin he sp eadshee , a
244 M.A. LIEBIG ET AL.
Use Guide/Di ec ions wo kshee se ed as he le -
mos ab, and was ollowed by Expe imen Desc ip-
ion, Expe imen Loca ion, Expe imen Du a ion,
Clima e A ibu es, Soil and D ainage A ibu es,
Da a Type, T ea men s, Key Findings, Jou nal Ci a-
ions and P ima y Con ac wo kshee abs (Table 1).
To acili a e e ficien me ada a en y, gene al
ins uc ions p o ided wi hin he Use Guide/Di ec-
ions wo kshee ab we e supplemen ed by s a e-
gically placed commen boxes h oughou he
sp eadshee o addi ional guidance. Inpu a ia-
bles equi ing Yes/No esponses used d op-down
menus, as did nume ous a iables wi hin he Soil
and D ainage A ibu es and T ea men s wo kshee
abs.
A be a e sion o he MAGGne sp eadshee was
de eloped, p e- es ed and e ised in Feb ua y 2012.
Ve sion 1.1 o he MAGGne sp eadshee was
eleased o GRA C oplands Resea ch G oup mem-
be s in Ma ch 2012. Following he fi s ound o
me ada a collec ion and commen s om GRA mem-
be s h oughou 2012, e sion 1.2 o he MAGGne
sp eadshee was eleased in Decembe 2012. Ve -
sion 1.2 inco po a ed addi ional esponse ca ego ies
and imp o ed di ec ions/guidance wi hin mos
wo kshee abs. To add ess po en ial conce ns deal-
ing wi h in ellec ual p ope y igh s associa ed wi h
sha ing and using me ada a om mul iple coun ies,
a me ada a sha ing ag eemen was de eloped in
2014 and pos ed on he GRA websi e (see Supple-
men a y ma e ial).
Me ada a synopsis
As o Augus 2015, he e we e 315 expe imen al s ud-
ies included in MAGGne (Table 2). S udies we e dis-
ibu ed ac oss 20 coun ies, wi h o e 50% loca ed
in F ance, he Uni ed Kingdom and he Uni ed S a es
(Figu e 1). S udies we e sp ead ac oss 14 K€
oppen-Gei-
ge clima e subdi isions [9] on 11 su ace soil ex u es
(da a no shown). Se en y- ou pe cen o he s udies
we e comple ed, wi h he balance ongoing. Mos s ud-
ies we e 13 y in du a ion (68%), while 17 and 15% o
he s udies we e conduc ed o e 310 y and >10 y ,
espec i ely (Table 2). O e 55% o he ongoing long-
e m s udies we e loca ed in I aly, Swi ze land and he
Uni ed S a es.
Table 1. Me ada a inpu a iables wi hin wo kshee abs
included in he Managing Ag icul u al G eenhouse Gases
Ne wo k (MAGGne ) sp eadshee .
Wo kshee ab Inpu a iables
Expe imen desc ip ion Expe imen keywo ds; b ie desc ip ion
Expe imen loca ion Coun y; p o ince/s a e; nea es ci y;
la i ude (decimal deg ees); longi ude
(decimal deg ees)
Expe imen du a ion Yea expe imen began; yea expe imen
ended
Clima e a ibu es Mean annual p ecipi a ion (mm); mean
annual empe a u e (C)
Soil and d ainage
a ibu es
Soil axonomic desc ip ion; soil
axonomy sys em; su ace soil ex u e;
minimum wa e able dep h (m)
Da a ype Soil ca bon; soil p ope ies; CO
2
flux; CH
4
flux, N
2
Oflux; g ain; s o e ; oo s; o he
T ea men s T ea men desc ip ion; illage ype;
e ilize ea men ; ni ogen a e (kg N
ha
¡1
); syn he ic N e ilize ype;
manu e/amendmen ype; c op
o a ion; co e c op; esidue emo al;
bu ning; i iga ion; o he
Key findings Key findings
Jou nal ci a ions Co esponding au ho las name;
co esponding au ho fi s name;
manusc ip e e ence
P ima y con ac Las name; fi s name; email add ess
Table 2. Numbe , cu en s a us and du a ion o s udies included in he Managing Ag icul u al G eenhouse Gases Ne wo k
(MAGGne ), Decembe 2015.
S a us Du a ion
Coun y No. o s udies Comple ed Ongoing 13y 310 y >10 y
A gen ina 10 4 6 8 1 1
Aus alia 16 16 0 16 0 0
B azil 8 8 0 8 0 0
Canada 12 11 1 11 0 1
Cos a Rica 1 1 0 1 0 0
Denma k 5 2 3 0 0 5
Finland 12 12 0 8 4 0
F ance 104 90 14 95 8 1
Ge many 15 15 0 14 1 0
Indonesia 2 2 0 2 0 0
I eland 7 7 0 2 5 0
I aly 19 0 19 1 4 14
Japan 9 4 5 2 2 5
Ko ea 1 0 1 0 1 0
New Zealand 2 1 1 1 1 0
Spain 12 3 9 3 9 0
Swi ze land 10 6 4 0 3 7
Uni ed Kingdom 36 36 0 35 0 1
Uni ed S a es 30 15 15 6 15 9
U uguay 4 0 4 1 0 3
To al 315 233 82 214 54 47
CARBON MANAGEMENT 245

Soil ca bon, an impo an me ic o quan i ying
c opland GHG mi iga ion po en ial [1], was moni o ed
in 83% o s udies included in MAGGne (Table 3).
Among GHG flux measu emen s, ni ous oxide (N
2
O)
was measu ed mos equen ly ac oss s udies (82%),
ollowed by ca bon dioxide (CO
2
; 45%) and me hane
(CH
4
; 29%). G ain, s o e and oo s we e assessed in 56,
35 and 9% o he s udies. T ea men s mos commonly
measu ed in MAGGne included e ilize a e, manu e/
soil amendmen and illage ype, included in 68, 52
and 43 s udies, espec i ely (Table 4). Emphasis on
such managemen p ac ices was unsu p ising, as hey
co esponded o an o e a ching goal o gene a ing
ecommenda ions o mi iga e ag icul u al GHG
emissions.
Despi e he explici c opland ocus wi hin MAGGne ,
29 si es included a pas u e/g azing sys em (Table 4).
Da a submissions om his land use we e encou aged
gi en he clea engagemen by esea che s ocused on
g azed sys ems and he s ong linkages be ween
g azed lands and impo ed eed om c opland.
Insigh s ha eme ge om concu en analysis
o c opland and g azing land managemen a e likely
o con ibu e o new in eg a ed app oaches o
inc eased ood p oduc ion wi h lowe ed en i on-
men al impac [10].
Recen applica ions
Despi e i s ecen eme gence as a GHG ne wo k,
MAGGne has se ed o le e age limi ed esou ce
in es men s wi hin indi idual coun ies o p oduce an
inclusi e, sha ed me a-da abase o use by all GRA-
membe coun ies. While i s po en ial as a unc ioning
ne wo k has ye o be ully ealized, MAGGne occupies
a unique niche among GHG ne wo ks gi en i s geo-
g aphical domain (global) and in ended ocus (c op-
land) [7]. Wi h ime and con inued e o , MAGGne
can se e o u he GHG mi iga ion science h ough
new collabo a ions among con ibu ing membe s.
Figu e 1. Global dis ibu ion o s udy si es included in Managing Ag icul u al G eenhouse Gases Ne wo k (MAGGne ), Decem-
be 2015.
Table 3. Pe cen age o s udies included in he Managing
Ag icul u al G eenhouse Gases Ne wo k (MAGGne ) mea-
su ing soil, gas flux and plan a iables, Decembe 2015.
Ca ego y/ a iable
Pe cen age o s udies
measu ing a iable (%)
Soil
Soil ca bon 83
Soil p ope ies 82
Gas flux
N
2
O82
CO
2
45
CH
4
29
Plan
G ain 56
S o e 35
Roo s 9
Table 4. Ten mos common ea men componen s included
in he Managing Ag icul u al G eenhouse Gases Ne wo k
(MAGGne ), Decembe 2015.
T ea men componen
Numbe o s udies assessing
ea men componen
Fe ilize a e 68
Manu e/soil amendmen 52
Tillage ype 43
Fe ilize ype 41
C op o a ion 38
Residue managemen / emo al 36
C op ype 29
Pas u e/g azing sys em 29
Ag oecosys em moni o ing 24
Co e c op 20
246 M.A. LIEBIG ET AL.
MAGGne has con ibu ed o modeling e o s since
i s incep ion, and has spu ed o he esea ch g oups in
he GRA o collec expe imen al si e me ada a. MAGG-
ne was used in Janua y 2014 o help iden i y expe i-
men al si es o po en ial inclusion in an in e na ional
model in e compa ison exe cise coo dina ed by he
GRA Soil Ca bonNi ogen Modeling c oss-cu ing
eam [11]. This ambi ious exe cise, in ol ing 28 models
used in 11 coun ies, seeks o quan i y p edic ion accu-
acy among models o es ima es o c op yield, g ass-
land d y-ma e p oduc ion, N
2
O emission, ne CO
2
exchange and soil C s ocks. In o he wo k, he Global
Resea ch Alliance Modeling Pla o m (GRAMP) was c e-
a ed o acili a e de elopmen , e alua ion and adap a-
ion o ecosys em models o es ima ing GHG
emissions om ag oecosys ems [12]. GRAMP cu en ly
includes selec ed me ada a de i ed om MAGGne
h ough an in e ac i e map ([13] GRAMP, 2016).
Finally, he MAGGne sp eadshee was adap ed by
membe s o he GRA Paddy Rice Resea ch G oup in
Augus 2014 o ga he me ada a om expe imen s
ocused on ice p oduc ion. As o Augus 2015, me a-
da a om 13 si es ac oss fi e coun ies we e included
in he adap ed sp eadshee , which included addi ional
inpu me ada a ela ed o wea he a iables, field ype,
and wa e and ice managemen .
Open in i a ion
MAGGne was ini ia ed in he spi i o ad ancing GHG
mi iga ion science h ough a mul i-na ional esea ch
e o acili a ed by he GRA. The alue o MAGGne o
he scien ific communi y will be di ec ly p opo ional
o i s capaci y o p o ide use ul in o ma ion o he
analysis o GHG mi iga ion da a. As cu en ly o ga-
nized, MAGGne se es as a condui o ha pu pose,
wi h an explici ocus on me ada a. We belie e he
ocus on me ada a was an app op ia e “fi s s ep” o
illus a e po en ial alue. We en ision he olun a y
addi ion o key esponse da a will p o ide e en g ea e
alue o he scien ific communi y as he “nex s ep.”
In o ma ion om addi ional s udies con inues o be
en e ed in o MAGGne . Resea che s in e es ed in con-
ibu ing o accessing me ada a om expe imen al
si es wi h published ou comes a e encou aged o con-
ac he co esponding au ho o he mos ecen e -
sions o he MAGGne sp eadshee and me ada a
sha ing ag eemen . Al e na i ely, he sp eadshee and
sha ing ag eemen may be ob ained h ough he GRA
C oplands Resea ch G oup websi e (h p://global e
sea challiance.o g/maggne ).
Acknowledgmen s
We acknowledge Nicano Saliend a o c ea ing Figu e 1, and
E a Magnuson o compiling au ho con ac in o ma ion.
MAGGne ac i i ies a e pa ially suppo ed by a Join
P og amming Ini ia i e on Ag icul u e, Food Secu i y and Cli-
ma e Change (FACCE-JPI) wi h unding om he I alian Minis-
y o Ag icul u al, Food, and Fo es y Policies, Swiss Na ional
Science Founda ion, and USDA Na ional Ins i u e o Food
and Ag icul u e (awa d numbe s documen ed below).
The US Depa men o Ag icul u e (USDA) p ohibi s dis-
c imina ion in all i s p og ams and ac i i ies on he basis o
ace, colo , na ional o igin, age, disabili y and, whe e applica-
ble, sex, ma i al s a us, amily s a us, pa en al s a us, eligion,
sexual o ien a ion, gene ic in o ma ion, poli ical belie s, ep i-
sal, o because all o pa o an indi idual’s income is de i ed
om any public assis ance p og am (no all p ohibi ed bases
apply o all p og ams). USDA is an equal-oppo uni y p o-
ide and employe . Men ion o comme cial p oduc s and
o ganiza ions in his manusc ip is solely o p o ide specific
in o ma ion. I does no cons i u e endo semen by USDA-
ARS o e o he p oduc s and o ganiza ions no men ioned.
Disclosu e s a emen
No po en ial conflic o in e es was epo ed by he au ho s.
Funding
U.S. Depa men o Ag icul u e Na ional Ins i u e o Food and
Ag icul u e (2014-35615-21934), Swiss Na ional Science
Founda ion (NRP 68, No. 40FA40_154244/1), and I alian Min-
is y o Ag icul u al Food and Fo es y Policies (DM 25659/
7303/2013).
ORCID
M. Oelbe mann h p://o cid.o g/0000-0003-0996-4140
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