Mss. Mad id
9605,
Munich
6364,
and he e olu ion o wo plinian as onomical
diag ams in he en h cen u y
(")
I
BRUCE
STANSFIELD EASTWOOD""
In 1955
A.
Co doliani desc ibed in g ea de ail he con en s o he
compu is ical manusc ip Mad id
BN
9605 (1). W i en in 1026 o
la e (2), he manusc ip shows signs o a Spanish hand
(3),
bu i is no
know i wha ma e ials he sc ibe had be o e him when he w o e his
composi e ex . While Co doliani's desc ip ion is a he ull, he ex and
diag ams on olio 12 a e men ioned in only hc b ie es manne and no
wi h su icien p ecision. Folio 12 . has
an
abb e ia ed o m o he
as onomical exce p om Pliny's
Na u al
His o y,
desc ibing plane a y
apsides, ollowed by a peculia e sion o a medie al diag am (Figu e 1)
de eloped o accompany he Plinian exce p
(4).
Folio
12 .
(uppe pa )
con ains
an
unusual o m o a medie al diag am in en ed o show he
la i udes o he plane s acco ding o Pliny (Figu e 2), al hough he e is no
ex o accompany he diag am he e o elsewhe e in he manusc ip (5).
The lowe pa o olio 12 . con ains a deco a i e and symme ical
design o ca e ully in e laced ci cles, which a e ec angula ly angen
(")
The Na ional Science Founda ion, g an no. SES-8
107613,
p o ided unds du ing
1981-
82
o he pu chase o mic o ilms in suppo o esea ch o his pape and ela ed
s udies. 1 am mos g a e ul o ha suppo . In addi ion he Ge man Academic Exchange
Se ice (DAAD) gene ously suppo ed summe esea ch
(1982)
which dowed me o
s udy CLM
6364
and o he MSS. wi h plane a y diag ams.
(1)
CORDOLIANI, A
(1955),
Un au e nianusc i de conipu ecclesias ique nial connu de la
Biblio heque Na ionale de Mad id,
Re is a de A chi os, Biblzo ecas
y
Museos,
61,
435-481.
(2)
Ibid.,
436-7;
his yea may ha e been inse ed by he sc ibe o his ms., o he yea may
lla e exis ed as a modi ica ion in his sou ce.
(3)
Ibid.,
p.
441.
(4)
Ibzd.,
p.
439,
n.
11,
desc ibes his diag am as «une oue des ajec oi es plané ai es)).
(5)
Ibzd.,
p.
439,
desc ibes his as «un ableau en plan des ajec oi es des plane es)).
**
Depanmen o His o y. Uni e si y o Ken ucky. Lexing on, Ken ucky
40506
DYNAMIS
Ac a Hispanica ad Medicinae Scien ia umque His o iam Illus andam.
Vol.
3, 1983,
pp
265-280.
ISSN:
021 1-9536
266
BRUCE
STANSFXELD EASTWOOD
and diagonally o e lapping; he a eas o o e lap ha e he zodiacal
names in p ope sequence diagonally om uppe le o lowe igh . The
only pu pose o his design is o lis in o de and in a a ac i e o m he
wel e signs o he zodiac (6). This las design is o no ele ance o he
Plinian diag ams. The wo Plinian as onomical designs a e e y close o
he apsidal (Figu e 3) and la i ude (Figu e 4) diag ams in he Munich ms.
CLM 6364, and he Mad id and Munich manusc ip s oge he show an
essen ial s age in he e olu ion o each o hese wo ypes o Plinian
as onomical diag am. In addi ion, he Mad id diag ams de i e om
sou h Ge man (andlo Swiss) inno a ions and we e e y p obably
copied om a Sou h Ge man o Swiss manusc ip such as he Munich
manusc ip .
CLM 6364, a manusc ip o 24 olia, has had al1 bu i s las lea es
da ed o he en h cen u y, while he e is some di e ence o opinion
abou
.
23-24, which ha e been da ed o he ele en h cen u y
(7).
This
la e da ing does no s and examina ion, since he hand o . 23-24,
wi h he Plinian exce p s and diag a ns, has
al1
he cha ac e is ics o he
hand o he p e ious olia. Aside oni he ge ie al simila i ies o hcse
egula , up igh minuscule pages,
1
ind ha he symbol o he gene i e
plu al ending « um», he supe sc ip symbol o hi d pe son singula
passi e «u », he abb e ia ion o «p o», and he o ma ion o «g» a e
a nong he signi ican iden i ies ac oss
.
23-24 and he p eceding
lea es. The e a e, in ac , no signi ican di e ences excep o a shi ,
which is g adual, in he numbe o lines pe page om olio 22 . o 24.
The whole manusc ip is by he same hand and is om he la e en h
cen u y.
Folio
23;., 3-22,
con ains
a
co iple & ex
o
he i s o ou
common Plinian as onomical exce p s, «De posi ione e cu su sep em
plane a umn, un i led in CLM 6364
(8).
Following he exce p appea s
one o wo s anda d o ms o diag am illus a ing his cex , a ho izon al
se ies o se en sepa a e and equal ci cles, each wi h he name o a plane
(in PlinianIP olemaic o de ) (9). Folio 23 ., 23-29, con ains a comple e
(6) This design can be ound in compu is ical ac s as a simple calend ical schema,
in e nlia
i s inse ion in o Bede's
De empo um a ione
in Ca nb idge Uni ., S . John's ms. 1, 15 (2211,
. 55 . (s. XII).
(7)
RÜCK,
K.
(1888),
Ausziige aus de Na u geschich e des
C.
Plinius Secundus in eine n as onomisch-
kompu is ischen Sammelwe ke des ach en Jah humie s, P og amm des K~7'iglichen Luduigs-Gym-
nasiums
1887/1888.
Munich,
F.
S aub, pp. 13-14, da es
.
23-24 o
s.
XI and he es o s.
X, ci ing his ag eemen in hese da es wi h he edi ion o Ludwig on Jan (1848),
Mac obii
.
A nb osii Theodosii Com nen a ii in Cice onis Somnium Scipionis.
Quedlinbu g,
G.
Bassius, pp.
L i
sqq.
(8) RÜCK,
K.
(1888),
op. ci .,
pp. 34-36, gi es he ex
(9) The o he s anda d o m o diag a n o his exce p is a se o se en concen ic plane a y
ci cles a ound he ea h.
Mss. Mad id
9605,
Munich
6364
...
267
ex , also un i led, o he second common exce p , ((De in e allis
ea um)), p esen ing he ha monic in e als om ea h o he ixed
s a s (10). He e again he e ollows one o wo s anda d illus a ions o
hc exce p , which uns o he bo om o he page in andem wi h he
ex o he hi d exce p . The illus a ion o in e als is simply a e ical
lis o . plane a y names wi h he app op- ia e ha monic in e als w i en
in be ween (1 1). A he bo om o olio 23 ., line 29, begins he hi d o
he commonly linked Plinian exce p s, which is he only one ound in
Mad id 9605. ((De absidibus ea um)) is so i led in CLM 6364 and akes
he inal 16 lines o . 23 . and all 19 lines gi en o ex on . 24 . (12).
The sa ne exce p in Mad id 9605, . 12 ., has he i le gi en, omi s he
i s 31 lines acco ding o Rück's edi ion, and begins wi h ((Absida
g ecum es quod es la ine ci culus)) ins ead o ((Absides au em dicun u
ci culi ea um g eco ocabulo)), gi en in CLM 6364 and Rück's edi-
ion (13). Mad id 9605 and CLM 6364 ha e much he same ex
he ea e o he end o he exce p
(
14).
Below he exce p o plane a y apsides he e appea s in each o he
wo manusc ip s an apsidal diag am occupying he emaining wo-
hi ds o he page. The basic pu pose o hese and all o he Plinian
apsidal diag ams is o iden i y he zodiacal sign unde which each plane
has i s apogee, o a poin om he ea h
(1
5). The ex e y simply and
di ec ly lis s six plane s and he signs o
absis,
o apogee; he moon is
conside ed concen ic o he ea h and he e o e wi hou an apogee.
The e a e wo basic app oaches o diag amming his ex . One, which
appea ed ea lie , is a mo e widesp ead, and is no used in ou wo
manusc ip s, is o show all wel e zodiacal signs in na u al o de and o
show (and label) an eccen ic ci cle wi h p ope ly placed apogee o each
o he six plane s (16). The o he app oach s a s wi h he na u al zodiac.
RUCK,
K.
(1888),
op.
ci .,
pp. 36-37, gi es he ex
The al e na i e s anda d illus a ion is a se o concen ic plane a y ci cles wi h he
ha monic in e als w i en in he in e ening spaces.
Tex in R~CK, K. j1888),
op.
ci .,
pp. 37-40.
Ibid.,
p. 39, line 10, excep o he e oneous spelling cceo um)) ins ead o cceamms in CLM
6364.
The only signi ican a ian s be ween he Mad id (M) ex and he Munich (C) ex he e
a e (a) ((is)) in
M,
c hisn in C, a Rück 39,
11;
(b)
c necesse)) in
M,
((maio es)) in
C,
a Rück 40,
4.
M
a id
C sha e a a ian eading peculia o many mss. o sou h Ge manISwiss
de i a ion, he o nission o (( e aen a Rück 39, 16.
Pliny's
iVa u alis His o ia,
11,
63-65, ed. Jean Beaujeu (Pa is: Les Belles ~e e?, 1950), pp.
27-28, gi es h ee di e en uses o ((absis)), and he sense o apogee is p esen , bu no
simply and exclusi ely, in one o he h ee. The.obscu i y and a nbigui y o Pliny's usage
does no su i e in he exce p cu en in he 9 h-1 l h cen u ies, which sugges s only
apogee.
This ype o apsidal diag a n, using he comple e, na u al zodiac, appea s, o examples,
in Bal imo e Wal e s 10.73, . 5 .; Be n 347, . 24 .; E u Amplon.
Q.
8,
. l .; Flo ence
268
BRUCE STANSFIELD EASTWOOD
and hen elimina es he six signs unde which no plane a y apogee is
supposed o occu . This lea es a ci cula design s ill ha ing wel e
segmen s bu wi h six segmen s lacking zodiacal signs, since he six a e
i ele an o he special conce n o he apsidal ex and diag am.
A his poin an in e es ing p ocess begins, a p ocess a ea anging
he six emaining zodiacal signs solely in he in e es o isual symme y.
This ea angemen o zodiacal signs, which will, o csu se, ca y wi h
hem he labeled apogees o he plane s, occu s in a ious ways bu
wi hin ce ain limi s. F om he ex an apsidal diag ams which 1 ha e
been able o loca e (1 7), some basic ules eme ge, and a ew s ages in he
e olu ion o he ea anged apsidal diag am become clea . The ini ial
s age, a e emo al o six zodiacal signs, is s ill a na u ally o de ed
zodiac, bu he e seems o be no example o his o m any longe in
exis ence. Al1 examples 1 ha e been able o ind p oceed beyond he
ini ial pa e n, beginning he ea angemen by i s shi ing Gemini so
ha i opposes and balances Sco pius. The in e al Vi go -blank
space- Sco pius is ne e changed as eo de ing de elops. I Leo and
Vi go a e sepa a ed (by one space), Sagi a ius and Cap ico n a e always
sepa a ed. Cap ico n and Sagi a ius may be placed in a ious ways, bu
wi hin s ic limi s and always in he in e es o symme y o he
diag am.
Gi en he ules based on he nine disco e ed examples o eo de ed
zodiacs in apsidal diag ams, we can now classie hese designs. They all
in o wo majo g oups wi h a mino hi d g oup. Fi e o he diag ams
a e he same ype. In CLM 14436, Zü ich Ca . C. 122, Bodleian
D70 ille 95 (palimpses ), Va . Pala . 1577, and Be n 265 (18), he e a e
eo de ed zodiacs which dis ibu e he six signs a equal in e als
and
in
he same zodiacal sec ions, assuming a cons an o ien a ion o he pages
on which hey a e d a ed (19). Acco ding o a wel e-hou clock, he
signs come as ollows: Vi go a 1, Leo a
3,
Gemini a
5,
Cap ico n a
7,
Sagi a ius a 9, Sco pius a 1
1.
When hese a e ead in coun e -clockwise
Lau . Plu . 5 1.14, . 73 .; Leiden Voss.
Q:
79,
.
93 . ( he o iginal o which
1
ha e da ed o
A.D.
579); Mad id 3307, . 65 .; Ox o d Bodl. Canon. class. la . 279, . 33 .; Pa is 5239,
.
125 .; Pa is n.a.1. 1615,
.
160 . Many mo e examples can be ci ed.
(1 7)
1
ha e ound a o al o nine, including he wo ocused on in his s udy. The o he se en
a e. Zu ich ZB
ms.
Ca . C. 122,
.
41 .; Va . Pala . 1577,
.
8l .; S . Callen 250, p. 23;
Ox o d Bodl. D'O ille 95, . 31 . (palimpses ); CLM 14436, . 60 .; CLM 6362, . 74 .;
Be n 265,
.
58 . O he nine, six ha e been shown o be sou h Ge man o Swiss, and only
he Mad id ms. has been shown no o be.
(18) See abo e, n. 17, o exac pages in hese mss.
(19) On he basis o placemen s and sizes o he plane a y ci cles in he designs (and o he
ac o s o he Bodleian palimpses ), hese i e examples subdi ide in o wo lg oups:
1)
CLM 14436, Zü ich
Ca .
C. 122, Bodleian D'o ilie 95; 2) Va . Pala . 1577, Be n
265.
Mss.
Mad id
9605, Munich 6364
...
269
di ec ions, we can see ha he zodiacal signs s ill ha e he na u al
sequence, e en hough he in e als, and he e o e he o de , a e
unna u al. F om he su i ing examples i seems ha he eo de ed
zodiac was supposed o e ain he na u al sequence o he six signs,
which places ano he limi on he possible amoun o eo de ing in such
a design. This g oup o i e diag ams ep esen s he inal s age o
de elopmen o he eo de ed zodiacs.
Ano he , mino g oup o eo de ed zodiacs appea s in CLM 6362
and Sank Gallen 250. He e he abo e ules s ill apply, bu a special
p oblem a ises wi h he in oduc ion o a se en h zodiacal sign and a
se en h eccen ic plane a y ci cle in o de o in oduce an apogee o he
moon. Al hough he his o ical pa h leading o his new elemen is
indi ec , he desi e o gi e an apogee o he moon de i es ul ima ely
om a con usion o wo con iguous ex s in Pliny's
Na u al His o y,
one
o which gi es he
absides
we a e conside ing, he o he o which gi es
as ological
absides
(de ini ely no o be con used wi h apogees), and he
ioon is said o ha e i s as ological
absis
in Tau us
(20).
Because se en
zodiacal signs do no pe mi any easy symme y when dis ibu ed o e
he wel e spaces a ailable, his special e sion o he eo de ed zodiacal
pa e n does no i so clea ly in o one o ano he s age in he e olu ion
o he apsidal diag ams.
Wi h no examples o he p imi i e s age o he diag ams' e olu ion,
we ha e i e examples o he ully e ol ed pa e n and wo examples o
an
o shoo o i egula ype. We a e le wi h only wo mo e examples,
Mad id 9605 and CLM 6364, which show us some hing abou he
in e media e s age(s) o de elopmen and mo e abou hemsel es as
well. Each o hese wo diag ams con ains an unexpec ed peculia i y.
The Mad id example has he wo signs Cap ico n and Sagi a ius in
i np ope , e e sed sequence, bu he a ionale o his appa en ly
unique pa e n seems o be a desi e o dis ibu e he plane s a ound he
diag a n (coun e -clockwise) acco ding o he PlinianIP olemaic ascen-
ding sequence o plane s. This plane a y sequence canno be achie ed
wi h Cap ico n
and
Sagi a ius in hei p ope sequence. The Munich
(20)
Pliny,
N.
H.,
11 65 (ed. Beaujeu, p. 28). The medie al diag ams including a luna apogee
in Tau us do no necessa ily co espond o he ex in he ms. In
CLM
6362, . 74 ., is he
diag am wi h apogee in Tau us; on . 75 . in he ex o «De absidibus ea um» he e is no
men ion o a luna apogee a ail. In S . Gallen 250, p.
23,
is he diag am wi h luna
apogee; he e is no accompanying Plinian ex a ail, bu on p. 129, an ou e ma ginal
gloss a line
5
adds «lune in au o» o he lis o plane a y apsides in Bede's
De
na u a
e um,
c. 15 (De absidibus ea um), which is aken om Pliny's desc ip ion o he same
subjec .

270
BRUCE STANSFIELD EASTWOOD
example e ains he p ope zodiacal sequence bu has he wo plane s
Me cu y and Venus in he same sequence as he Mad id design. Tha is,
he apsidal labels o Me cu y and Venus in he Munich manusc ip
ha e been e oneously e e sed. Howe e , his e o a ouses some
suspicions, because i coincides wi h he placing o plane a y labels in
he Mad id manusc ip , whe e zodiacal signs ha e been e e sed
ins ead. The Mad id diag am b eaks he appa en ules o eo de ing
he zodiac bu assigns he plane a y apsides co ec ly o hei signs. The
Munich diag am s ays wi hin he limi s o eo de ing he zodiac bu
assigns he plane a y apsides inco ec ly. The wo a e clea ly ela ed
-by a leas one common and unusual omission in he ex on apsides,
by he cu ious in e se ela ionship o he e o imp op ie y in he apsidal
diag am, and, as we shall see, e en mo e by he s iking simila i ies in
hei unusual e sion o he Plinian la i ude diag am. We can close he
gap be ween he wo manusc ip s u he and a gue ha he e is good
eason o assume he Mad id manusc ip diag a n was copied ei he
om he Munich manusc ip o om one wi h
an
iden ical diag am.
The likely eason o he Cap ico n-Sagi a ius e e sal is ou clue o his
con iec ion o he diag ams. I he eo de ed zodiac is a sou h Ge ma i
in en ion, i s a ionale is no likely o ha e been anspa en o a sc ibe
wo king andlo ained elsewhe e. When
a
design like lie Munich
apsidal diag am ca ne be o e he sc ibe o he Mad id manusc ip , he
would ha e been con on ed wi h wo appa en ly i econcilable choices.
As d awn, he Munich diag am p esen s
bo h
he zodiacal names and he
plane a y names in hei na u al sequences when ead coun e -clockwi-
se. Howe e , he sc ibe knew, i he had conside ed he ex , ha one and
only one o he sequences could be co ec , o Me cu y should ollow
Venus in o de o show hose apogees co ec ly,
o
Sagi a ius should
ollow Cap ico n in o de o connec hose zodiacal signs p ope ly wi h
hei plane a y apogees. I he sc ibe, appa en ly a Spanish (Spanish-
ained?) sc ibe, did no know he ules ollowed in c ea ing he
eo de ed zodiac, he would ha e seen mo e diso de in he zodiacal
sequence be o e him han in he plane a y sequence. Tha is, he zodiac
in CLM
6364
has ema kably unna u al in e als, while he in e als in
he plane a y sequence a e s ic ly dependen and o no conce n in an
apsidal diag am. The ques ion which p obably occu ed in he mind o
he Spanish sc ibe, much mo e conscious o co ec de ail han his
model, was, ((Since he zodiac mus be diso de ed o achie e symme y,
can
1
no e ain he na u al plane a y sequence and e e se he posi ions
o Cap ico n and Sagi a ius?))
1
sugges ha he sc ibe o he Mad id
diag am asked himsel such a ques ion, answe ed i a i ma i ely, and
p oceeded o p oduce a much mo e sa is ac o y design symme y han
his model o e ed. He also happened o con a ene one o he limi s o
Mss. Mad id
9605,
Munich
6364
...
27
1
he sou h Ge man in en ion, because he was unins uc ed in hose
in ended limi s.
..
The common ea u es, al1 signi ican , in he Mad id and Munich
apsidal diag ams a e hese:
1)
iden ical placeinen o he ou zodiacal
signs Gemini, Leo, Vi go, Sco pius;
2)
a cen al ci cle o he ea h no
cu by he adial lines o he design;
3)
a concen ic ci cle cu ing he
adial lines and ep esen ing he moon;
4)
use o apsidal, eccen ic
ci cles al1 ha ing he same adius h oughou he diag ams;
5)
place-
men o he pe igee (poin nea es he cen e ) o each plane a y ci cle
be ween he wo concen ic ci cles o ea h and moon;
6)
placemen o
he geome ical apogees o he plane s on he adial lines o he signs
a he han in he cen e s o he signs, as was a mo e commonly done.
This las simila i y is, howe e , no pe ec ly obse ed, o he Munich
diag am' does so wi h only i e o he six plane s, placing Jupi e 's
apogee in he cen e o i s sign.
The di e ences be ween he wo apsidal diag ams, aside om he
placing o Cap ico n, Sagi a ius, and hei plane a y apsides, which we
ha e al eady conside ed, a e appa en ly nino , ye in e es ing and
cha ac e is ic. The Mad id design is so close o a ully symme ical
layou ha we may wonde why he copyis o designe did no mo e
«Leo» and ((absis ma is)) one sign owa ds Gemini, o such a mo e
would ha e comple ed he symme y. As i is, he e is ull symme y o
he apsidal ci cles hemsel es, dis ega ding he posi ions o he names.
The six apsidal ci cles a e a anged so ha he apogee o each alls
di ec ly on a adial line, wi h he cen e s o hese equal apsidal ci cles
being equidis an om he cen e o he whole diag am. Thus
e e y
in e sec ion o each apsidal ci cle wi h e e y o he apsidal ci cle akes
place (o is mean o) on one o he equally spaced adii making up he
basic diag am. Ac ually, o he hi y such in e sec ions, i e occu jus
a enough away om a adius o p oduce an uninked space be ween he
adius and he in e sec ion o he wo ci cles. The concen ic luna ci cle
also akes pa in his symme y o in e sec ion poin s, o he luna
ci cle is made he igh size o in e sec wi h he in e media e o he
h ee in e sec ion poin s occu ing on e e y al e na e adius. The o e all
e ec o his design is o p oduce egula lp spaced se s o bo h cen al
and eccen ic almonds, o lea es, o med by he in e sec ions o he
plane a y ci cles. While his e ec sugges s a decline o in e es in simple
and s aigh on a d p esen a ion o as onomical in o ma ion, he de-
sign co esponds wi h an inc easing in e es in geome ical symme y as
ound in chu ch a chi ec u e and windows. Such wel h-cen u y c ea-
ions as he ose window in he omanesque ca hed al a T oia in Apulia
show a simila sense o design symme y.
272
BRUCE
STANSFIELD EASTWOOD
Unlike he Mad id pa e n, he Munich diag am, which does con ain
some o he same elemen s o cons uc ion, makes no se ious a emp o
p esen an imp ession o comple e symme y. While he pla ie a y
ci cles a e equal in size, hei cen e s a e no equidis an om he cen e
o he diag am and hey a e no al1 a anged so ha apogees (and
pe igees) all on he adii. The gene al imp ession is no one o
geome ical symme y o any hing app oaching ha , bu a he a
gene al and inexac sense o balance. The six zodiacal signs wi h absides
a e spaced some hing like he ou line o a bi d in ligh o a c oss. The
designe (o he copyis ) o he Munich pa e n shows a less de eloped
sense o he possibili ies o symme y in his design. One inal di e cnce
should be no ed, he p esence o a se en h, unlabeled eccen ic ci cle in
he Munich diag am. We migh suppose ha i is he esul o
a i
e a
-a misplaced ci cle which was le a he han e adica ed, since he
diag am shows o he signs o e o and ca elessness. Howe e , we may
suspec mo e, because he ex a ci cle is placed so ha i s apogee comes
jus be o e Gemini and on he adius a six o'clock. Such a ci cle is well
placed o be labeled as he
absis
o he moon, o Tau us is he zodiacal
sign jus be o e Gemini. This sugges s, pe haps, an addi ional close-
ness be ween CLM
6364
and he wo p e iously discussed diag ams
wi h a labeled luna apogee, in CLM
6362
and S . Gallen
250.
Howe e ,
he diag am done is inconclusi e in he absence o labels in CLM
6364;
he ex a ci cle may indeed be an abandoned i s a e np o he sun's
apsidal ci cle, which is nex o i .
The apsidal diag ams in Mad id
9605
and CLM
6364
a e alane in
showing an in e media e s age in de elopmen o such diag ams wi h
eo de ed zodiacs. Va ious simila i ies ein o ce he conclusion ha
hey a e bo h om he same adi ion and ha he Mad id diag am was
mos likely de eloped om he pa e n o he Munich diag am. How
many manusc ip s, i any, may ha e in e ened is unknown. The
backg ound adi ion, he sou h Ge man de elopmen o he eo de ed
zodiac o diag amming apsides, is clea ly as much a pa o he Mad id
igu e as o he Munich igu e.
The Plinian diag ams o plane a y la i udes exis in
nyo
gene al
ypes, wi h each o hese ypes ha ing many a ian s. The ea lie o m o
la i ude diag am is he ci cula pa e n, in which he wel e deg ees o
zodiacal la i ude a e ep esen ed by hi een concen ic ci cles. The
plane s a e shown on his zodiacal band by eccen i ci cles, which
p esen he maximal la i udes o he plane s
(21).
Be o e he end
o
he
(21)
This ci cula pa e n o plane a y la i udes can
be
ound in Pa is n.a.1. 1615,
.
161 .
(s.
IX1); Mad id
3307,
.
66 .
(s.
IX
m.);
and Be n
347,
.
25 .
(s.
IX2).
Mss. Mad id 9605, Munich 6364
...
273
nin h cen u y he e appea s he second ype (22), a ec angula g id on
which he la i udes o he plane s a e shown by he e ical numbe o
spaces abo e and below he cen al line o hi een ho izon als. The
wel e e ical spaces, o deg ees, a e se agains hi y ho izon al spaces,
gi ing a o al o 360 squa es in he g id. Howe e , he ho izon al axis o
his g id seems o mean only ime o space in gene al. The 30 spaces
may indica e ei he a mon h o a sign o he zodiac, bu he ho izon al
di isions a e ne e labeled. Labels appea on his axis only in he la e
pa e n, whe e wel e ho izon al di isions eplace he hi y and a e
labeled o he zodiacal signs (23).
The ec angula g id diag ams ound in Mad id 9605,
.
12 . (Fig. 2)
and CLM 6364,
.
24 . (Fig.
4)
a e he only wo 1 ha e ound which
canno be classi ied wi h ei he he ea ly o he la e , zodiacally labeled,
la i ude g ids. These wo manusc ip diag ams clea ly es ablish and, a
p esen , cons i u e an in e media e class o g id pa e ns. They use a g id
o 12 x 24 and se down plane a y zig-zag pa hs in ended o be ully
symme ical wi h each o he ac oss he g id. While he plane s a e
named a he le side, a commonplace o la i ude diag ams, he
ho izon al di isions ecei e no label.
Mad id 9605 ca ies no ex o he plane a y la i udes, while CLM
6364 does. Nei he o hese wo manusc ip diag ams ollows he Plinian
ex in any case. CLM 6364 p esen s an incomple e ex o he la i ude
diag am, onii ing he
20
ound in Pliny's ex o he sun and making no
nen ion o Sa u n a al1 (24). The diag am below includes a,pa h o
Sa u n, he hi d plane a y line down om he op in his as in many
Plinian la i ude diag ams, hough he plane 's name has been wo n away
by use. The sun's name is en e ed a he le , bu no pa h is d awn. This
does no i wi h he ex p esen ed, o i men ioned a csinuous
se pen ine pa h)), despi e he omission o he ampli ude o his pa h. In
ac , o he pa hs, gi en canonically in he Munich manusc ip ex , a e
also ep esen ed di e gen ly in he zig-zag diag am. Venus is supposed
o exceed he g id by one deg ee abo e and below, bu he e is no
a emp o show his in he igu e. Me cu y has
80
in he ex ,
7O
in he
(22) The ea lies known examples appea in: Be n 347,
.
24 ., immedia ely be o e a e sion o
he ci cula la i ude diag am
(I
is no common o ind bo h o ms in he same ms.); Va .
Regin.
1573,
. 52 .
(23) Known by he
1
l h
cen u y, examples a e Camb idge T in. R. 15.32, .' 4 ., and Ox o d,
S . John's
17,
. 38 .
The
S . John's diag am appea s o de i e immedia ely om he
T ini y College ms.
(24) CLM 6364, . 24 ., 6-7, eads
(c..
Sol deinde medio e u lexuoso doconum mea u
inequalis
...
Io is media e sup a eam duabus. T es supe io es...))
C :
ed.
RUCK,
K.
(1888),
np.
cz .,
p.
41,
4-7.
280
BRUCE
STANSFIELD EASTWOOD
Figu e
4.-Munich
CLM
6364,
.
24 .