DYNAM I S
Ac a Hispanica ad Medicinae Scien ia umque
His o iam Illus andam
Vol. 11
1991
C on en s
HISTORY OF DISEASE
NEW TOPICS AND APPROACHES
(Edi ed by Jon A izabalaga)
In oduc ion
(Spanish)
JON ARRIZABALAGA
17
T ans o ming plague: The labo a o y and he iden i y o in ec ious
disease
(Spanish)
ANDREW CUNNINGHAM
27
Summa y
1.— In oduc ion. 2.—Iden i ying diseases. 3.—The old plague. 4.—T ans o -
ming plague. 5.—The plague ans o mend.
Abs ac
In ec ious disease can be, and a e, iden i ied in many ways: by clinical p esen a-
ion (signs, symp oms, pos mo ems), by epidemiological c i e ia (mode and na u e
o sp ead), by labo a o y echniques which isola e he causal agen . I claim he e
ha he p ac ice o iden i ying in ec ious diseases by using he labo a o y and la-
bo a o y p ocedu es gi es o hose diseases iden i ies which a e di e en om
he iden i ies ha hey ha e by using o he p ocedu es. The labo a o y gi es in-
ec ious disease iden i ies in which he
causal agen
is he essen ial and undamen-
al pa . His o ically, he e o e, when he «causal agen » o each in ec ious disease
was disco e ed by using labo a o y echniques, he iden i y o ha disease was
ans o med. I show how his happened in he case o plague, when i was gi en
i s labo a o y iden i y in Hong Kong in 1894 by Ki asa o and Ye sin. I also a gue
ha because o his ans o ma ion o he iden i y o in ec ious diseases by he la-
bo a o y, i is no possible o his o ians o medicine o equa e p e-lab plague
and mode n plague, o o assume ha he iden i y o pos -lab plague can be ap-
plied o p e-lab plague.
The Black Dea h o 1348: The O igins o he Cons uc ion o a Social Cala-
mi y as a Disease-en i y
(Spanish)
JON ARRIZABALAGA
73
Summa y
1.—In oduc ion. 2.—The ue name and na u e o a new
.
calami y. 3.—Causes
o he Black Dea h. 3.1.—The Black Dea h, God's punishmen ? 3.2.—Na u al
causes: celes ial and e es ial. 3.3.—A i icial causes. 4.—The immedia e cause
and sp ead o he plague. 5.—Signs o he plague. 6.—E ec s. 7.—Conclusions
Abs ac
This a icle explo es how La in Medi e anean uni e si y p ac i ione s pe cei ed
he so-called Black Dea h o 1348, and o wha ex en he cons uc ion o his so-
cial calami y as a disease-en i y hen began. Fo his pu pose six o he mos ele-
an medical wo ks on he plague, w i en a he ime o his epidemic, we e s u-
died: Jacme d'Ag amon , Gen ile da Foligno, Gio anni da Penna, Al onso de
Có doba, an anonymous «p ac i ione o Mon pellien>, and he College o Mas-
e s o he Medical Facul y o Pa is.
The
mal de simen
in 16 h cen u y Valencia: Images o he
mo bo gallico
in a Me-
di e anean Eu opean Ci y.
(Spanish)
MARÍA Luz LÓPEZ TERRADA
119
Summa y
.—In oduc ion. 2.—The
ea lies epo s o he p esence o he
mal de simen
in
he ci y o Valencia. 3.—Inco po a ion by socie y.
4.—Mal de simen
as a public
heal h p oblem.
Abs ac
This a icle examines he iew o Valencian socie y a he end o he 15 h cen u y,
and du ing he 16 h, o he
mo bo gallico
.
o
mal de simen .
The i s epo s o he
exis ence o he disease, and o i s inco po a ion in socie y, a e analyzed on he
basis o he knowledge o di e en medical and nonmedical sec o s, hospi aliza-
ion and ea men o a s eadily ising numbe o pacien s. Finally, he way in
which
mal de simen
became a public heal h p oblem a he end o he 16 h cen-
u y, h ough he measu es aken by ci y au ho i ies o hal he sp ead o he di-
sease, is analyzed.
A Medical Tes imony o he Li ing and Wo king Condi ions o he Almaden
Mine s Du ing he Second Hal o he 18 h cen u y: P ologue o José
Pa és y F anqués's
Mo bi ic Ca as ophe
o
he Quicksil e Mines o he Village o
Almaden (1778) (Spanish)
ALFREDO MENÉNDEZ NAVARRO
147
Summa y
1.—Medical es imonies . o occupa ional heal h in his o iog aphy. 2.—
Biog aphical no e on José Pa és y F anqués (+1798). 3.—Pa és y F anqués's i-
logy on he Almaden Mines (1772-1785). 4.—P ologue o
Ca ds o e mo boso de las
Minas Me cu iales de la Villa de Almadén del Azogue.
5.—Appendix: Anno a ed ans-
c ip ion o he p ologue o
Ca ds o e mo boso de las Minas Me cu iales de la Villa de Al-
madén del Azogue.
Abs ac
Since ancien imes, me cu y mining and i s associa ed heal h p oblems ha e e-
cei ed conside able a en ion om heal h wo ke s. The ma ked ha m ulness o
he p ocess o ob aining quicksil e , and economic impo ance his me al has a -
ained since he second hal o he 16 h cen u y, accoun o his a en ion. We
p esen he es imony o one o he mos highly quali ied obse e s o he ac ual
condi ions in he Almaden Mines —which had he wo ld's highes ou pu o
me cu y— du ing he second hal o he 18 h cen u y: Doc o José Pa és y F an-
qués. His ex ended ac i i y as a heal h ca e p o ide o Almaden mine s ga e
him a close-up iew o he occupa ional isks o mine wo k, and he diseases cau-
sed by me cu y. This knowledge ook shape in his unpublished wo k,
Ca ds o e
mo boso,
he p ologue o which is ep oduced in his a icle.
On he
Mal de la Rosa
and he
En e medad de la Mise ia:
The Social E iology o
Pellag a in 18 h and 19 h cen u y As u ian Medical Repo s.
(Spanish)
DELFÍN GARCÍA GUERRA; VÍCTOR ÁLVAREZ ANTUIZIA
197
Summa y
1.—In oduc ion. 2.—Social e iology o pellag a. 2.1.—Pellag a and die . 2.2.-
The ole o po e y. 2.3.—The he edi a y ac o . 3.—The igh agains pellag a
and social medicine. 3.1.—The ins i u ional posi ion. 3.2.—Pellag a and social
medicine.
Abs ac
Taking Gaspa Casal's desc ip ion o
mal de la osa
as a s a ing poin , his a icle
examines di e en con ibu ions by As u ian doc o s who, du ing he 19 h cen-
u y, conce ned hemsel es wi h he o igins o pellag a, pa icula ly hose aspec s
which classi y i as a social disease. A emp s o e adica e pellag a ga e ise o wo
ypes o esponses: agains hose who belie ed in he edi a y ansmission and
,
ad-
oca ed eugenic measu es, he e a ose a g oup ha conside ed he disease a
mal
de la mise ia,
he 'elimina ion o which would equi e imp o ed li ing condi ions
o he u al popula ion.
Vene eal Diseases in Spain du ing he las hi d o he 19 h cen u y. An
App oach o he Mo al Bases o Public Heal h.
(Spanish)
RAM óN CASTEJ ó N
Bo
LEA
239
Summa y
1.—In oduc ion. 2.—Mo al
na u e o he disease. 3.—
Impac
o ene eal disea-
ses. 4.—Vene eal diseases and p os i u ion: hygienic supe ision. 5.—
O ganiza ion o con ol. 5.1.— Hygienic inspec ions. 5.2.—Social wel a e ins i u-
ions,
Abs ac
Vene eal disease was a pa o he conce ns and p ac ices o Public Heal h in
Spain in he las hi d o he 19 h cen u y. I s social na u e was associa ed wi h a
speci ic mo al iew o p e ailing sexual mo es, which inc eased i s impac . Hy-
gienis s assumed ha he epidemiologic pa e n was ocused on p os i u ion, and
di ided hemsel es in o p ohibi ionis s and egula ionis s. The egula ions which
came in o e ec included mo al, police and sani a y su eillance. Social wel a e
ins i u ions and hei pa onage by women also e lec ed he mo al iew.
Alcoholism as a Social Disease in Res o a ion Spain: P oblems o
De ini ion
(Spanish)
RICARDO CAMPOS MARÍN; RAFAEL HUERTAS GARCÍA-ALEJO
263
Summa y
1.—In oduc ion. 2.—Alcoholism: ice o disease? 2.1.—Alcoholism as a ice.
2.2.—Alcoholism as a social disease. 2.3.—Rela ionship be ween alcoholism and
ube culosis. 3.—P ophylac ic measu es. 4.—Conclusion.
Abs ac
This a icle examines he complexi ies in ol ed in de ining alcoholism du ing
he Spanish Res o a ion. The peculia manne o coming down wi h he illness,
by he olun a y consump ion o alcoholic be e ages, con ibu ed owa d a con-
cep ualiza ion o alcoholism domina ed by he no ion o ice and olun a iness
on he pa o he d inke . Mo aliza ion as a ype o igh agains alcohol was he
no mal consequence o his discou se. Ne e heless, alcoholism was also de i-
ned, albei implici ly, as a social disease. The nexus es ablished by Spanish w i-
e s be ween alcoholism and he p ole a ia , oge he wi h ce ain social causes
such as he ype o dwelling o poo die , e lec ed some awa eness o he ela-
ionship be ween alcoholism and he o ganiza ion o capi alis socie y a he la e
19 h and ea ly 20 h cen u y.
Lep osy and Spanish Socie y in he i s hal o he 20 h cen u y: The Fon i-
lles Sana o ium (1908-1932) and i s Admiiiis a i e Takeo e by he Se-
cond Republic
(Spanish)
JOSEP BERNABEU MESTRE; TERESA BALLESTER ARTIGUES
287
Summa y
1.—In oduc ion. 2.—Lep osy in Eu ope a he end o he 19 h cen u y and he
ea ly decades o he 20 h cen u y: A new ou look on an old p oblem. 3.—The
San F ancisco de Bo ja Lep osy Sana o ium, 1908-1932. 3.1.—Physical plan .
3.2.—Ins i u ional s uc u e. 3.3.—Aspec s o ca e and o ganiza ion a he Sana-
o ium. 3.4.—Economic and adminis a i e aspec s o he ins i u ion. 4.—
Adminis a i e akeo e o he Fon illes Sana o ium by he New S a e. 4.1.—
B eakdown in ela ionships wi h heal h au ho i ies. 4.2.—Disbandmen
o he
Company o Jesus.
4.3.—Measu es o akeo e . 4.4.—Reac ions o he akeo e .
4.5.—Lep osy a he ime o he akeo e . 5.—Recapi ula ion.
Abs ac
This esea ch analyzes he p ocess o he adminis a i e akeo e o he Fon illes
Lep osy Sana o ium in 1932, du ing he Second Republic. The i s pa desc i-
bes he ea u es o ins i u ional o ganiza ion and heal h ca e ha cha ac e ized
he Fon illes Sana o ium du ing i s i s s age o ope a ion (1908-1932), and exa-
mines he easons ha led heal h o icials o he New S a e o ake o e he ins i-
u ion. The scien i ic, social and poli ical consequences o and eac ions o his
akeo e a e discussed.
Examina ion o he
Whi e Plague:
New T ends in he His o iog aphy o Tu-
be culosis. Essay e iew.
(Spanish)
JORGE MOLERO MESA
345
Bu Wha Was he Disease? The P esen S a e o Heal h and Healing in A i-
can s udies.
(Spanish)
GWYN PRINS
361
Abs ac
This a icle o e s an app oach o he his o y o medicine and he apeu ic p ac i-
ce in mode n A ica. I a gues ha he adi ional bio-mcdical his o ies o he co-
lonial e a a e necessa y bu no su icien o ul il his ask. Nei he a e he e hno-
g aphic s udies o indigenous he apeu ic p ac ice. The mos impo an ecen
de elopmen s in analysis a e espec i ely, mac o-epidemiological his o ies, o
example on he Tse se ly, and he s udy o plu alis ic he apeu ic con ex s. They
illus a e a cen al a gumen o he a icle which is ha he s udy o he apy is
one o he mos e icien and eliable ways o in es iga e he cul u al complexi ies
o a pos -colonial si ua ion. Such s udies also help o pie ce he cu ain o s e-
eo ype and p ejudice which, since ea ly Eu opean con ac , has hung o e he
A ican con inen iewed om he Eu opean pe spec i e.
ARTICLES
An h opological Iden i ica ion and Paleopa hological S udy o a Skele on,
P obably Pe aining o he Roman Doc o om he I-II Cen u y B.C. Ti-
be ius Claudius Apollina is (Ta agona, Spain)
(English)
DOMINGO CAMPILLO; FRANCESC TARRATS
387
Summa y
Aim o he s udy. His o ical in o ma ion. S udy o he emains in omb no. 2,
Robe d'Aguilo S ee , Ta agona. An h opological s udy. An h opological sum-
ma y. Pa hologic s udy. Pa hologic conclusions. Compa a i e s udy o he C a-
nium and he head o he bus . Simila s udies. Re e ences.
Abs ac
The an h opological s udy o a skele on om a 1s -2nd cen u y B.C. Roman
omb was ca ied ou o e i y whe he he mo phology o he c anium ma ched
ha o à bus ound nea he omb. A numbe o a cheological indings sugges-
ed ha he emains we e hose o a doc o o he Roman e a. An h opome ic,
c aniog aphic and pa hological s udies led us o conclude ha he exhumed e-
mains we e compa ible wi h he mo phological cha ac e is ics o he bus , in
suppo o he assump ion, based on a cheological c i e ia, ha hey we e p o-
bably hose o Tibe ius Claudius Appolina is, a Ta agonian doc o who li ed
du ing he Roman e a.
On Lea ing he Mine: His o iog aphic Resou ce Exhaus ion in An ibio ics
His o y (English)
DONALD J. MCGRAW
415
Summa y
I.—Fi s Sugges ions o he Mining Ou Phenomenon. II.—La e Day Lessons:
The Vancomycin His o y Redi i us. III.— On Lea ing he Mine. IV.—Beyond
Penicillin. V.—Inspec ing he Mine.
Abs ac
The seconda y li e a u e on he his o y o an ibio ics has o e ed e y li le new
conce ning penicillin o any o he majo an ibio ic o he pas wo decades. The
a gumen is made ha he p ima y esou ces may ha e been «mined ou » o new
in o ma ion. This may ac ually e lec he na u e o an ibio ics his o y i sel
—one o sameness wi h ega d o bo h disco e y and de elopmen om one
agen o he nex — wi h consequen lack o he possibili y o new his o iog ap-
hic insigh s.
DOCUMENTS
Th ee Unpublished Manusc ip s by Ignacio Ma ia Ruiz de Luzu iaga (1763-
1822) on Na al Hygiene
(Spanish)
MIKEL ASTRAIN GALLART
437
Summa y
1.—In oduc ion. 2.—Na al hygiene in he w i ings o Ignacio Ma ia Ruiz de Lu-
zu iaga. 3.—T ansla ion o he
T a ado ace ca del esco bu o
(T ea ise on scu y).
3.1.—The Royal Na ional Academy o Medicine manusc ip (15-4 Bib. 4). 3.2.-
The Na al Museum manusc ip (Ms. 781). 4.—The w i ings on he conse a ion
o he heal h o sea a ing people. 4.1.—The Royal Na ional Academy o Medici-
ne manusc ip (1-5 S. Gobie no 6). Appendix I.—Ou line o he w i ings on he
conse a ion o he heal h o sea a ing people. Appendix II.—Th ee le e s by I.
M. Ruiz de Luzu iaga.
Abs ac
Many a icles on he eigh een h cen u y Basque physician Ignacio Ma ía Ruiz de
Luzu iaga ha e been published by Spanish medical his o ians. Howe e , some
gaps in his li e and wo k s ill need illing in. As a con ibu ion o his u u e en-
e p ise, his no e p o ides in o ma ion on a ela i ely unknown ield o Luzu ia-
ga's wo k: na al hygiene, a p io i a y conce n o he majo na al powe s du ing
he Illus a ion. We desc ibe h ee unpublished manusc ip s and h ee le e s, in
which Luzu iaga ga e accoun s o his wo k in his ield. The ac s ha Luzu ia-
ga's au ho ship is no e iden a i s glance, and ha hese pape s we e ne e pu-
blished, explain why hey ha e emained unknown o so long.
ANNOUNCEMENTS
XXXIII In e na ional Cong ess o he His o y o Medicine (G anada-
Se ille, Spain, 7-11 sep emb e 1992)
465
35.
0
Cong ess o he I alian Socie y o he His o y o Medicine (Fe a a, 10-13
oc obe 1991)
467
Simposium on he eaching o he His o y o Medicine in Eu ope (Siena, 22-
24 oc obe 1991)
468
4.
0
In e na ional Symposium
Ancien Medical Tex s.
Uni e si y o San iago de
Compos ela (Galicia, Spain), 17-19 sep emb e 1992
468
XIX h In e na ional Cong ess o His o y o Science. XIXème. Cong és In e -
na ional d'His oi e des Sciences. XIX Cong eso In e nacional de His o-
ia de la Ciencia. Za agoza, 22-29 Augus /Aóu /Agos o 1993
469
The Eu opean Associa ion o he His o y o Psychia y. Call o membe ship
471
NEWS
P ime Cong eso Eu opeo de His o ia de la Psiquia ía y la Asis encia Psi-
quià ica, oc ub e 1990.
RAQUEL ALVAREZ PELAEZ
473
Semina io in e disciplina sob e iloso ia y ciencia en la ob a de Ped o Laín
En algo. Mad id, 10 y 11 de diciemb e de 1990.
Lu s
MONTIEL
474
New Di ec ions o he His o y o Medicine and Heal h. Repo om a Con e-
ence in S ockholm and he Founda ion o he Eu opean Associa ion o
he His o y o Medicine and Heal h in S asbou g (sep embe 1991)
JAN SUNDIN
476
La Con é ence de S ockholm su l'His oi e de la Saiúé Publique
,
e de
la P é en ion.
CLAUDE DEBRU
477
Medicina Social y Mo imien o Ob e o
ENRIQUE PERDIGUERO
482
BOOK REVIEWS
PRIMERAS Jo nadas de His o ia de la Medicina Hispanoame icana (Cddiz, 1980.
(1989). Excma. Dipu ación P o incial de
MIKEL ASTRAIN GALLART
487
Josep Lluís Ba ona (1990).
In oducció a la Medicina.
Uni e si a de València.
GUILLERMO OLAGÜE DE
Ros
488
Juan Val e de de Hamusco.
His o ia de la composición del cue po humano;
Ped o
Benedic o Ma eo.
Examen apo heca io um.
(1991). Fundación de Ciencias
de la Salud-Sociedad Es a al del Quin o Cen ena io.
GUILLERMO OLAGÜE DE
Ros
490
Ignacio González Tascón y Joaquín Fe nández Pé ez (eds.) (1990).
Memo ias
de las Reales Minas de Almadén (1783) de Agus i'n de Be ancou y Molina.
Co-
misión In e minis e ial de Ciencia y Tecnología.
ALFREDO MENÉNDEZ NAVARRO
492
A naldo Che ubini (1990).
Medici Sc i o i d'Eu opa e d'Ame ica.
An onio Dél i-
no Edi o e.
GUILLERMO OLAGÜE DE
Ros
494
Felipe Hause (1990).
Memo ias au obiog d icas.
In oducción y no as po Juan
L. Ca illo, Enca nación Be nal e Inés Bonilla. Uni e sidad de Se illa
ESTEBAN RODRÍGUEZ OCAÑA
497
Jo ge Na a o (1990).
La imagen de Ul ama en la Medicina Valenciana del siglo
XIX.
Gene ali a Valenciana-Commisiò pe al Ve. Cen ena i del Desco-
b imen d'Ame ica.
GUILERMO OLAGÜE DE
Ros
498
An onio Rey Gonzalez (1990).
Es udios médico-sociales sob e ma ginados en la Es-
pana del siglo XIX.
Minis e io de Sanidad y Consumo (Tex os Clasicos es-
pailoles de Salud Pública).
MARIANO PESET
500
Fe nando Salmón; Jon A izabalaga; Luis Ga cía Balles e (1990). El Hospi al
Ma qués de Valdecilla.
Uni e sidad de Can ab ia.
TERESA ORTIZ GÓMEZ
502
An oni Roca i Rosell (Coo dinado ) (1991).
1891-1991. Cen anys de Salu Pú-
blica a Ba celona. Ins i u Municipal de la Salu .
Ajun amen de Ba celona
JOSEP BERNABEU I MESTRE
504
Sydney Ann Halpe n (1988).
Ame ican Pedia ics. The Social Dynamics o P o essio-
nalism, 1880-1980.
Uni e si y o Cali o nia P ess.
ROSA MARIA MEDINA DOMÉNECH
508
Mi ko D. G mek (1990).
His oi e du SIDA. Débu e o igine d'une epidemie ac uelle
Édi ions Payo .
ILDEFONSO HERNANDEZ
511
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
513
