Номенклатура versus терминология (три подхода к выделению номенклатурных наименований)

HOMEHKIJIATYPA VERSUS TEPMHHOJIOTHZA (pu riogxoia K BBIZIC/TEHIIO HOMEHKJIATYPHBIX HAHMEHOBaAHHH) CEPTEK WENOB Hucmumym sazvikos u Kyžiomyp umenu /Ivsa Toscmoezo AHOW M3 XapaKTePHBIX IIPUMET Hallero BpeMeHM SB/LSeTCHA OYpPHbIN pocT 0OMeHa SKOHOMHUYECKOH, aIMUHICTPATHBHON HH KOMMEPUIECKOU uH(pOpMaIzei O TOBapax H yCIyTraxX, OKA3bIBAEMbIX Ha MEK TyHAPO/THOM H HAllMOHATBHOM YPOBHAX. B 3TOU CBA3M 3aCHyXxHBaeT HpHCTA/IbHOTO BHHMAaHHA Ta 4acTh 0DO3HAUeHMM, HCIIO/Ib3Yye Ma B COOTBETCTBYIONHIHX JOKYMEHTAX, KOTOPasl Ha3bIiBaeT OGbeKThI MHpa TOBAPOB, YCIIYT, TOKAIBHBIX H HalHLHOHAa/IbHbIX peanuž. YacTo nojgjoOHbie OG603HaUeEHHS5 TPAKTYIOTCS KaK HOMEHK/IaTYpHbIE HAHMEHOBAHHH, OJTHAKO CTATYC MOO0HBIX 0DO3HAYCHUH B HAYYHBIX TYO/IMKAIIMAX H B TEDMHHOJIOTHUECKHX MCC/IEJJOBAHHAX JJANIEKO He ompejiesieH. B oro CB53H HacTOsIIAs pabOTA CTABUT CBOEH HEJIbIO HAMETUTD OCHOBHBIE, Hanboee paCIIpoOCTpaHeHHbIe JIMHTBHCTHUEeCKHe TOUKH 3PEeHUA Ha TOHSATHe 'HOMEHK/IATYPHbIX HAHMEHOBAaHHH“, “HOMEHKIATYphl H BBIICHUTH OOlilee H pa3/IMUHOE(B HUX. Bo-11epBbIX, MbI IIOI1IbITae MCS IPEJCTABUTD Ype3BBIYAHO KpatKHUŪ 0030p OCHOBHBIX HCTODHUECKH CJIOKHUBIIUXCS TOUEK 3PEHUA IO ITOMY BOIIPOCY. Bo-BTOpBIX, MBI IPE JJIOKUM, KaK IIPe/ICTABILETCH, TOCTATOYHO aK TYAIBHOE 71 A3BIKO3HAHUS COOCTBeHHOE pelleHHe BOMPOCa O COCTaBe HOMEHKJIaTYPHBIX HAUMEHOBAHUU. Pemenue aro pactpocTpaHsieTcss Ha COTHH TBHICSY H MWITHOHBI BeChbMa PasHOOOPA3HBIX HOMEHK/IATYPHBIX e/IMHUI] (B YACTHOCTH, OUOIOTUYECKUE U TEXHHUECKHE noMmenni). - Non è vero. HIOIO I[€/IBHOCTh HOMEHK/IATYPhl KaK TEOpETHUECKOTO NOHATHSA H Ha TOM OCHOBE YCTAHOBUTH MCCTO HOMEHKJ/IATYPHI B CHCTEME CIIeIIHAIBHON HAaYUHOTEXIIHUECKOH /IEKCHKH H NPEeIJIOXKUTD OOIIesSI3bIKOBbIe KPUTEPUHN BbLICICHUSI “HOMEHK/IATYPhl Kak 0cODOro Kj1acca CrelnanbHbiX HauMEeHOBAHUN (OpHueM KDHTEDHH OCTAIOTCH eMHBIMH JŲISI CAMBIX PA3/IMYHBIX HAYUHBIX TUCTIUTUINH H TEMaTHUeCKHX obmacreit). Hakohen, OHO COXpaHseT CBA3U C HEKOTOPhIMU TPpajĮMHIUKOHHbIMH ITIOJĮXOJĖAMH K HOMECHK/IATYPHBIM HAMMEHOBAHH SIM. Terminologia | 2006 | 13 33 1707-1778) u A. Jlasya3be (1743-1794), npocyuiecTBOBaNIO HECKOJIbKO BEKOB H B 3TOM 3HaUeHHH JOIIJIO 0 HAILIMX JHE (IIO CBUIETEIbCTBY A. JI. XaioTuHa, cJI0BO HOMEHKIAMYPa NOABAACTCH B €BPOTIEUCKUX A3bIKAX yxe B XVI—XVII ss. [Xarorun 1972: 6--7]), Ho aurnuūšckuū dunocod H HCTODHK HayKu V. Yoens (1794-1866), no-Bujiumomy, Gb 1iepBbIM, KTO ITIOMBITA/- CH TEODETHUECKH OCO3HATh HAYUHOM /EKCHKH B ero HpOTHKBONOCTAB/IEHHH TEepMHHO/OTHH. Y. YoBejb, H3BECTHbIŪ CBOHMM paboraMH B 0baCTH METOJOJIOTHHU HU MCTODHH ECTECTBEHHbIX HayK (B riepByro ouepejįb —OHoO/IOTHH, XHMHH, MAHEPANOTHH), HEOJHOKPATHO KacaeTcs HEKOTODpbIX TIIpOD/1EM A3bIKa HayKH H, B YaCTHOCTH, TEDMHHOJIOrun. CojtepxaHune uan6oree 4acTo nuTupyeMoro tpakrata “@unocodus MHIYKTUBHBIX HAayK, OCHOBaHHas Ha UX UCTOPHUU IO3BOJSIET C HOCTATOUHOU JOCTOBEPHOCTHIO YTBEPXKJATh, UTO B HOMEHKIATYPY XUMUUECKUX H buonorudeckux Hayk V. Y9Benb BKJIOYAeT Ha3BaHHS CHUCTeMAaTHKH (pa3YMEeTCs, COBpEMEHHON eMy, V YaBe/o) pacTUTEIBHOIO H XUBOTHOTO Mupa. - E' una cosa che mi piacerebbe sapere. “Homenxknartypa xraccuQpuKallMOHHON HayKH —3TO cobpaHue nmeH Bunos, Poo H gpyrux nogpaspenenuit” [Whewell 1967: 462] (srigeneno Hamu —C. Il). “ HanoMHHM, 94TO TEDMHHO/- IOTHA —JTO S3bIK IA OHHCaHHSA OOBEKTOB, HOMEHK/IATypa —COOpaHUe UMEH CAMHX 00beKTOB” [Whewell 1967: 535]. K noMexnxzarype VY. E' un'idea fantastica. 1) KUBOTHOTOTO Mupa. XMMHUYECKYIO0 HOMEHK/IATYPYy NpH TAKOM TOAXOJle COCTABISAIOT pa3HO06pa3Hbie HAHMEHOBAHHSA BENIECTB H COeJMHEHUHN (TaKKe COBEpINeHHO He3AaBHCHMO OT UX IOJIOXeHMH B TaKCOHOMHHK). C 3TOH TOUKH 3peHHSs XUMUUYECKHe Hampull, (dmop, x10p, duazomeman, ayemamboi, CmeapuHosas KUCTIOMQ, O/teunosas KUCTOMA, OUMEMUZIIUOKCUM —HOMEHBI, a, CKaXkeM, amomHylll HOMep, cmabusbHble u3zomonbi, GO0Mayus K T. A. —TEPMUHBL. B To xe Bpems pu OHpOTHMBOTNMOCTAB/IEHHH “TEDMHHO/IOTHSH —HOMEHK/1aTypa” nosunua Y. YoBe/ns ABOMCTBEHHAS, a HOTA H HDOTHBOpeuHBas. B caMoM pene, ¢ oqHON CTOPOHBI, B ero paborax MMEIOTCS Kak 0yaro IpsiMble BbICKA3bIBAHHA O TOM, UTO HOMEHK/IATYpa OrpaHUYMBAECTC SI Ha3BaHHAMH BUIOB. C Opyroi CTOPOHBL, IIDH IOTUKO-CEMAaHTHYECKOM 00CYK/1eHHH MPOTUBOIIOCTAB/ICHUA "TEDMHHO/IOTHSA —HoMeHKatypa Y. Yopens yale BCero BO3BpaniaeTcs K TPAKTOBKE HOMEHKIIATYPBhI, COTIaCHO KOTOPOU 34 Cepreit leno | Homenkiamypa versus mepmMuHOIo2us... B Hee BK/IIOYAIOTCA TaKXe Ha3BAHHS JIPYTHUX OHO/IOTHUECKHX TAKCOHOB — POIOB, CEMEKCTB, OTPAHOB H T. II. JTa TPAKTOBKA CBA3aHa C pa3/IMUuKMEM MEXIy S3bIKOM OIMcaHusi obbekTa (cam Y. VYaBernb MHOT/IA HCIfO/Ib3yeT TepmuH descriptive language, onucarenbHbIū S3BIK) U SI3BIKOM, KOTOPBIN MOXHO ObIZIO OBI Ha3BaTh A3BIKOM Ha3BIBAHUA OOBekTa. 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. - 1000 a.C. “Crebnu, nucTbA, IĮBETBI YU IVIOJIbI PACTEHUN HH OTHOCSHIOHMECA K HUM UaCTH MOTYT ObITb CTOJIb pa3HOOOpa3HbIMH, UTO OOM S3bIK COBEpINEHHO HEJfOCTATOUEH Is BbIpaxKEHHS OOIIĮeTO H pa3/IMUHOTO B HHX, —nuuter V. VaBenb. boranuka HODTOMY HYXKJĮAaE TCS He TO/IBKO B OTIpe/Ie/IeHHONM CUCTeMe Ha3BaHH0 pacTeHUI, HO H B BbIpaxeHusx (phrases) /yist OMMCaHUS UX YUaCTEHM: He TO/IbKO B HOMEHKJ/IaType, HO H B TEDMHHO/IOTHH (Bblieneno apropom —C. 111)” [Yosens 1869: 495]. Ilpu aTOM, roBopa o HoMeHKNIaType, V. YoBenb HEOJHOKPATHO MO YepKUBaeT ee bomee NPAMYIO COOTHECEHHOCTD C AeNCTBUTEIPHOCTHIO, HETIOCPeICTBEHHYIO JAaHHOCTb 3HAUeHUS HOMEHOB B MO3HAHUU. B COOTBETCTBHH C 3TUM HOMEHbI H TEDMHHBI [IO-PAa3HOMY BBOJITCS B HaVUHbIH OOHXOLL. 3HaueHue HOMEHOB, CORnacHO V. Yaseio, He CTO/IbKO Gpukcupyercs neduHHLIMEeH, KOTOpas YCTaHABIMBAET ETO TpaHHIĮbI, CKOJIBKO HUTIOCTPHPYETCS KaKMM-M0O THIIMYHBIM npeicraBuTeneM. OHO He CTOIBKO OMEPUUBAETCH CHapyxH, CKO/IbKO MPeAbIBAASTCA CBOCH IeHTPAIbHOU TOUKOK; OHO OITHCBIBACTCSH HE TeM, YTO HeU3DEeXKHO HCKIIIOYAeTCs, a TeM, UTO HEH3MEHHO BKJIFOUaeTCsl B Hero. B NpoTuBOIONOXHOCTD 3TOMY TEpMHHOOTHHA Gonee OpHEeHTHPOBAHA Ha AepUHHUIIHIO, Ha JJOTOBOPEHHOC Tb. Wrak, c o1HOM CTOPOHBI —HOMEHK/IATyPa Kak BCe Ha3BAHHSI CHCTEMATHKH paCTHTe/IbHOTO H JKMBOTHOI'O MUPA, BCE HA3BAHMSI ITPUPOIHBIX OpraHH3MOB, 0cODeM HU UX COBOKYITHOCTEH, C APyrou —“HasBanus, obmajaronjue HEIOCPEeICTBe HHO JIAaHHOCTBIO UX 3HAYEHHS B [TO3HAHUM. 3aMeTUM, 4TO DTM Ba I10JIX0/la BHYTPEHHE, B paMKaX €IMHOTO TEOpeTHYEeCKOTO B3IVIAIJa Ha SI3pIK HayKH BOOOINHE, ECTECTBEHHBIX HAYK H OHO/OTHH, B YACTHOCTH, IVIOXO COBMECTHMBI. MHTepecHO, TO npu 3TOM HBOKCTBEHHAaS MO3UIIUS V. VoBens o0ycmoBuna pasnauduHble IIOHHMAHHS HOMEHKIIATYPhI B ĮĮa/IbHeZInmeM. Grazie, CymecTBeHHO HOBbIŪ Tall B CTAHOB/IEHHH HAyUHBIX GHO/IOTHYECKHX Ha3BAHHH Ob CBS3aH ¢ jesrenbHocTbio K. /lnnunes. Cuuraerca, cerchio (EN) Species Plantarum TM (1753 r.) 6butH 3anOxeHbI OCHOBBI TaK Ha3bIiBaeMOM OmmapHOW (MHa4Ye —OUMHOMMANBHOU, GHHOMHTerminologia | 2006 | 13 t tn Ha/IbHOZ) HoMeHKJNaTYphI —0003HAUEHHe BIJIOB pacTenui (NnOJ/9epKHeM: TO/IbKO BH/4ĮOB) uepe3 POJIOBOe HA3BAHUE H HEKOTOPHIA THII BHHOBOTMO ornuumsa. BeccnopHbIM HpejiCTaB- /ISeTCS Tot (paKT, UTO B COBPEMEHHOU OoraHHuueCcKOH H 300/IO0TMUECKON HOMEHK/IAType, OCHOBAHHOU Ha pa60Tax K. Jlunnes, Ha3BaHHS BUJIOB, KAK IIDaBH/IO, SBJISIIOTCSI OCOObIM BUIOM HoMHuranunu. Hayunoe nazBanne poja 0003HAYAETCS OJHUM JIaTUHHCKHM CHIOBOM, a Ha3BaHHMe OTHOCSMICHUCS K HEMY OCHOBHOH CUCTEMATUYECKOU KaTEeTOpHH —BHA —YTOUHSIETCS BTODbIM C/IOBOM, CHHTAKCHYECKH OTHOCAIIHMCSA K ITepBOMY: Haupumep, monojJtb Oeimmi (Populus alba), 6epeckjrem OopodJasuamnbiū (Euonymus verrucosa), kien kanugoprutickuti (Acer negundo), kunapuc kawmupckuii (Cupressus corneyana), kazapka kanadckas (Branta canadensis), caramandpa Opesecnast (Aneides lugubris), kakady úpnotli (Probosciger aterrimus- ), yanus xeamokmiosast (Egretta eulophotes) u T. II. (B 300/IOTVH PaCIIPOCTPAHEHDI TAKXKE HA3BAHUS U3 TPEX COB —TPUHOMHa/IbHbIE, Te IOC/Ie/IHee U3 TPEX —Ha3BaHUE IO/BUIA: HATIPUMED, KpbIMckutl OJrazopoJnbiū oJreno (Cervus elaphus brauneri)). Bropoii KOMIIOHEHT B Ha3BaHWH BUJ]a OOBIYHO HA3BIBAETCSI €I'0 BU/IOBBIM onuTeToM. I [pH 510M BUJIOBOM SIIMTET, JlaXKe eC/IM OH BBIPAXKEH TEPMUHOM, OTHIO Ib HE UCUEPIIbIBACT BH/ĮOBbIX OT/IMUMM PACTEHUS; B IVUIIEM C/tytiae OH TIePEaeT JIMILD OKH U3 MHOTHX IMPU3HAKOB, COBEPIIEHHO OCTAB/ISIS! B TEHH BCe ocTanpuble, HeyauBUTE/IBHO MO3TOMY, 4T0 Ocoka manoysemkosast (Carex pauciflora) moxer IPOTHUBOIIOCTABIATHC A coBceM He OcoKe mHozoyeemxosoil (Carex pluriflora), a Ocoke hakkodckotl (Carex hakkodensis), Ocoxa muozoysemxosas (Carex pluriflora), B cBoro odepens, MOXeT IPOTHBONOCTABISI THC coke monsHoll (Carex limosa) vi 1. 11. B psijie cnyuaeB BUJ0OBON S1IUTET IPOM3BEIEH OT MEH nut u reorpadpuyeckux Haspauuu: cp. Il 20% dei casi è dovuto a un'infezione da H. influenzae (H1N1), mentre il 10% è dovuto a un'infezione da H. influenzae B (H1N1). BuIOBOHM SIUTET, TAKUM OOpa3OM, B HA3BAHUM BMA HE COOTHOCHUTCA C ero OHO/IOTHHUECKOH CYIOHOCTBIO, IIS Hee OH B 3HAUUTE/IBHON Mepe YC/IOBEH, a XapaKTepHCTHKOM, UACHTUPUIUPYIOINEH BHUJĮOBbIE OCOOCHHOCTH paCTEHHS WUIH KUBOTHOTO, HE MOXKET CITY XKUTH ETO HOMEHK/IATYPHOe HaHMeHOBAHHĖ: B OTOK QYHKI{HH MOET BBICTYIIATH JAI CITE HA IbHOEe ero OlucaHue, Ha3bIBAEMOE B COBPEMEHHOH HayKe ero JHarHo3oM. JTO OIHUCAHUE H 3aKpensser COOTBETCTBYIONEe 3HAUEHUE 3a BUAOBBIM HasBauueM. Takum 0bpasom, B OMO/IOTHH HOMHUHAIM “ECTECTBEHHbIX BU/IOBTM OIA 110 Ty TH VBEIMYEHNSI CUHKPETH3Ma HAMMEHOBAHMS 3a CYET IIOTEPH ero AHa/IMTH3MA, 36 Ceprent Heston | Homenknamypa versus mepmutoious... 2000 - 2001 - 2002 - 2003 - 2004 - 2005 - 2006 - 2007 - 2008 - 2009 - 2010 - 2011 - 2012 - 2013 - 2014 - 2015 - 2016 - 2017 - 2018 - 2019 - 2020 - 2021 - 2022 - 2023 - 2024 - 2025 - 2026 - 2027 - 2028 - 2029 - 2030 - 2031 - 2032 - 2033 - 2034 - 2035 - 2036 - 2037 - 2038 - 2039 - 2040 - 2041 - 2042 - 2043 - 2044 - 2045 - 2046 - 2047 - 2048 - 2049 - 2050 - 2051 - 2052 - 2053 - 2054 - 2055 - 2056 - 2057 - 2058 - 2059 - 2060 - 2061 - 2062 - 2063 - 2064 - 2065 - 2066 - 2067 - 2067 - 2068 - 2069 - 2069 - 2069 B jansnHežimieM mnOoHHTHe BHAA —KaK OCHOBHas ¢JIMHUILIA B CHCTEME XUMBbIX OPTaHU3MOB H KaueCTREHHbIH DTAII UX DBO/IOHOHH, KAK OCHOBHAS TAKCOHOMHUYECKAST KATeropus B OMONOTHUECKOK CHCTEMATHKE —3aHSIIO [[EHTPA/IBHOE MECTO BO BCEH OHOJIOTHYECKOH TaKCOHOMHH, A Ha3BAHHSHA BUJOB 3aHA/IH OOJIBINYIO H. IO/ĮaB/IAIONIYKO UaCTb Ha3BaHHH [IPe/ICTABUTEICH KHBOTHOTO H PaCTUTEIBHOIO MHpa B OHOMOrHU. JTO MMO3BOSET OpetionMOXKUTD, YTO B HOCHC/INHHEEeBCKOE BPeMs TEDMHH HOMEHK/IATypa, He Tepsis CBOETO NpexnHnero 3Hadenud, npuobperaer enle oquo. OH HaunHaeT VIIOTDEOJIATbCS IMPEUMYILIECTBEHHO WIM UCK/IIOUUTENHHO K Ha3BAHHUAM BH/IOB, 00pasyromux OHHaApHYIO HOMEHK/IATYPY. ITO MPEION0KeHUE JaCTHYHO MOXeT ObITb moTBepxacHo Barasamu JĮ. C. Munna (1806—1873), co-fondatore e co-direttore di V. Yosens. JĮ, C. Mun, 3nas V. YoBeins H HEOHOKPATHO CCHIIAACH HA HUX, B “Cucreme TOruKu CUmmoTHYUECKOH H MHAYKTHRHOM pa3OHpaeT HEKOTOpPble U3 ero nonoxeHnHū. B Macthocth, Kacasdch BOIIpOca O HOMEHK/IaTVYČpe, oH rmuret: “ CjnoBa HOMeHKJramypa 1 MEpMUHOJIO2USI OOJIBIOHHHCTBOM aBTOPOB YIIOTPeOISIOTCS HOUTH Oespasnmuuno, u ji-p KOomb rtepBbIū, HaCKOJIBKO SE 3HAaIO, PUA DTHM JĮBYM TEpMHHaM pas/iuanHbIe 3HauerHs. 1899: 565. 1899: 565. ^ "HoMeHKIAaTypy MOXHO OHNpeHe/IHTbh Kak COBOKYTNHOCTb Ha3BaHHH BCEX TEX CCTECTBEHHBIX pa3psĮOB, € KOTODbIMH HMEeT Je/I0 Ta HIM JIPYTas OTpaC71b 3HAHUSA, UH, JIVUNNIE, BCEX HH3ILHX ECTECTBEHHbIX pa3panos (nonueprHyTOo Hamu —C. III.) —rex "Hu3Inmnux BH/JIOB", KOTOPbIE MOTYT, IIpaB/ja, TIOJIpa3JĮO/IATDCS, HO YXKe He Ha eCTeCTBEHHDIE Paspsi/ibl, H KOTODPBIE COOTBETCTBYIOT BOOOIONE TOMY, UTO B ECTECTBO3HaHHH HA3BIBACTC A upocto "BuzamMu" [Munn 1899: 565]. Mrak, HasBaHUS HU3HIUX ecTecTBEHHBIX Pa3psoB OTHOCATCS K HOMEHK/IAaType, a Ha3BAHHHS BCeX TaKCOHOB BbINIe BUIOBBIX (Ha3BaHU POA, CEMEUCTBA, OTPs/Ia, K/laCCa M. T. IL.) [PU TAKOM IIOJIXO/I¢ He OTHOCSTCS K HOMEHK/IAType H Takum obpasom, CKOpee BCETO, ABIAI0TCA YaCThbO OHO/IOTHUECKOH Tep MHHOIIOTHH, CD. miteKonumaroujue —X uuHole —kowauvu —kowka (Mammalia —Carnivora — Felidae —Felis), muirekonumarowue —npumamot —yebudoswvie —pesyn (Mammalia —Primates —Cebidae —Alouatta). déydonbhbie —canundosvie —Kirenosvie —kien (Dicotyledones —Sapindales —Aceraceae —Acer) nt. 1. Terminologia | 2006 | 13 37 E' una cosa che non mi piace, ma non posso farne a meno. (EN) B-Side di X-Men: Apocalypse, su Rotten Tomatoes, Flixster Inc. (EN, ES) B-Side di X-Men: Apocalypse, su Rotten Tomatoes. Ne Mopso, A. Jlašyasbe u jp. OcyrmecTrB/LAETCSA pedhopMa XHMHMYEeCKOH HOMEHKIIATYPbI, HCXOJISIIasi H3 IpHHIJUINA, COTrJIACHO KOTOpOMY Ha3BaHHMe BeMIeCTBA JO/DKHO OJĮHO3HauHO VKABbIBATb Ha ero cocTaB. HaHHsi XHMHYECKHX BEIeCTB H COSAMHEHUN, XHMHUECKAS HOMeHKJIaTypa, KaK IpaBH/IO, H B HaINH [HH COMIEPXKAT MAKCHMYM HHOOpMaIĮUHM O BeUIECTBE, COAEPIKAUIELHCH B ero XHMHUeCKOH OopMyjIe, Cp. cyibdud KaJIbŪUA, MOHOOKCUO yz/repodJa, nenmaokcud Juazoma, mempadenunrbopam Hampus, MenpazajiozeHMeman V T. Tt. B XuMud, Takum OGpa3OM, HOMHHaIIMS YX€ OTKPBITHIX, a TAK)XKe BIIEPBbIE OTKPHIBAEMBIX HH CHHTE3UPYEMBIX BEIIeCTB MIU COeuHeHMs (KoTopas Moria Obl ObITH aHa/OTOM Ha3BAHUU “ecTecTBeHHbIX BUAOB” B buosorum!) noma CoOBepuUIeHHO IO JAPYTrOMY, CKOpee MPOTUBOIOKHOMY, MYTH, —[10 IIyTU YMEHbIIEHUS CUHKPETU3MA HaHMeHOBaHHSA 3a CUET BLIHTDPBINA eTO AaHa/IHTH3MAa, KOT MPOTHKEHHOE IO YUCAY CBOMX TEDMHHOD3JIEMEHTOB HAYYHOE Ha3BAHHe B 3HAUUTE/IBHOU CTEIIEHH OTPaXKAET ero CTPYKTYPHYIO Gpopmyny. IMo-Buaumomy, aHa/IOTHUHO, He OTHOCITCS K HOMEHK/AType (B 9TOM ee noHHMaHHH!) Hi aHATOMHUYUECKUE OGO3HaueHHA THIIa Ha3BAHHŪ MblLUYA epebenuamas, Mvinuiyja OJTUHHAA npucodJsujas, Mbiniųa OsyveJraBas noreua, 6ena 6Ga3aJtonas, 6eHa cCezMeHMapHasxI A3bI4UKOBASI HUXKHAS, 6eHa tueiūnas 2ybokas, deyeiasoryuesas cymkKa. B crarse “HomenknarypaTM Tpersero užizanus BojnsnioH COBeTCKOH 58BIHKJIONEJMH HDHBOJISTCS [IBA 3HAUCHUS DTOTO C/IOBA: “Homenknarypa (nomenklatura nazionale —rmnepeuens, pocnnucb UMEH), 1) cucrema (COBOKYIHOCTH) HA3BAHUY, TEPMUHOB, YIIOTPeO/IsIeMbIX B KaKon-1ub0 oTpaciau HayKH, TeXHUKH, 2) cucTeMa abCTPakTHBIX H yCJIOBHBIX CUMBOJIOB, Ha3Ha4ueHHe KOTOPOM JaTh MaKCHMAIbHO Yi0bHOE C HpaKTHUeCKOKH TOYKM 3PeHHUst CpeJCTRO MI ODO3HAUYeHUS NpeZMeTOB- “. COpMYIHPOBATH, [10 KPAMHEH Mepe, TPH pas3/inuHbIX HOHMMAHUS HOMEHKJATypbl: 1) HOMEHK/IaTypa Kak COBOKYITHOCTH HAYUYHBIX Ha3BAHHH BCEX TPYIIT HPECTABUTENEN PACTUTEABHOTO H XHBOTHOTO MHpa; 2) HOMEHK/IATYPa KaK COBOKYITHOCTD 0003HAUEHUH TOMHKO «HH3INHX eCTeCTBEHHBIX paspsaos» (B Owosornu, Halpumep, B KadecTne TAKOBBIX BRICTYIIAIOT OHHOMHHA/IbHbIeE HA3BAHHS BUOB JKMBBHIX OPTaHU3MOB); 3) HOMEHK/IATypa KAK COBOKYNHOCTB ODO3Ha4ueHHH, UMEIOIUX B KaueCTBE CBOEN YacTH HEKOTOPpbI¢ HOCTATOYHO YC/IOBHBIC obo3HaueHus 38 Cepreii Hlenos | Homenxnamypa versus mepmuHono2us.., TeX IIOHATHH, KOTODpbIeE CTOSIT 3a COOTBETCTBYIOIIMMHU 0003HAYEHHAMHU B Hejiom. Tak, B TEXHHKe K HOMEHK/IATYype TEXHHYEeCKHX H3/ĮE/IHŪ OTHOCAT, HaHDpHMep, OYHKIKOHHDYLONHE B IPOMBINIIEHHOCTH H TOProOB/Ie HAHMEHOBAHVMS MEeXAHH3MOB Vi MAINMH, UX [eTa/lel, alllapaToB, TEXHHUECKHX YCTPOUCTB V. MX V3/IOB H T. II., KOTODBIE HMEIOT B KaueCTBE CBOEHM BTODpOHM UaCTH [0CTaTOYHO YC/1OBHbIe “SI3BIKOBBIE 3TUKETKHU, cp. yandda MT3 80, noduwiunnuk 80301, nacoc MIII 3A, nacadku Kdrcher 310, komnpeccop BI12—10/9, ayemuJtenosvtii 2enepamop bAKC-1, nacadku Kdrcher 310, komnpeccop BI12—10/9, ayemuJtenosvtii 2enepamop bAKC-1, camosrem “bounz 747” nr. n. “K HOMeHKIaType MOXKHO OTHeCTH (HU OGbriHO OTHOCST) CIIMCKU HAHMEHOBAHHH H3/ĮE/IMŪ KAKOTO-/IMOO OJJHOTO NpenpusaTus (HarIpHMEP, BCe MO/Įe/IH TPAKTOPOB ojHOro 3asoja “UT3”), roBapos kaKOTO-TM00 MarasuHa, COPTOB, T. €. 1974: "Il bello e il brutto" (B. M. Jleiunk |JTeiiunk 1974: 19]. MoxmHo 1nonaraTs, turo yciaoBHble obosnauenus M13 80, 80301, MIII 3A, Karcher 310, BI12-10/9, BAKC-1, KamA3-43114, “Boune 747” 8 IIpUBEICHHBIX BRINE HpHMepax H eCTh Te “abCTpaKTHBIE H YCIIOBHBIE CHMBOJIBI, HA3HA9EHHE KOTOPBIX AAThb MAKCHMAFIbHO YJIOOHOE C IPAKTUYECKOU TOUYKHM 3peHHA CPeJiCTBO ĮŲIS ODO3HAYEHHUA IPe/IMeTOB’, KOTOpbIe VIIOMHHAIOTC A B OIIpe/le/Ie HUY HOMEHKIIATYPbI, COraacHo bombo copeTckon SHIMKIIOIE INH. B nanpuennem H3/IOXKEHHH MBI Oy1eM rOBOPUTH O HOMEHK/IAType, HOMEHK/IaType, H HOMEHK/IATYPe€,, COOTBETCTBEHHO, a YIIOMAHYTYIO BRIE AIOCTATOUHO YCIIOBHYIO UaCTb HOMEHK/IaTypHOro obo3nauenums, GyjjeM Ha3bIBaTh HOMEHK/IATYPHbBIM IIOKa3areieM (WIH HOMEHK/IaTYPHBIM Mapkepom). [Tpy TOM BbIsiB/IeHHbIE HCTODHUECKH C/IOKUBIITUECS Pa3/INyHble TPAKTOBKH, TIPU BCeH UX HECOBMECTUMOCTH, BCE Ke UMEIOT HOEe/IbIH Psi OOINHX MOMEHTOB, M3-3a KOTOPHIX UX YaCTO KOHTAMHHUPYIOT, HO MbI HE GyjnjeM Ha TOM OCTAaHABIUBATLCA, a Dojlee MOAPOOHO paccMOTPpUM OUepUEHHOR BBINIE OHATHE HOMEHK/IATYDPI,. KpurepHH, BBIJe/ISIIOTIKe HOMEHKAATYPY, U3 0011ero paja crienuaisHOH JIEKCHKH Hay UHO-TEXHHUeCKOTro XapaKTepa, eKaT TakKe H B JIMHI BUC TUYECKOU IVIOCKOCTH. ITU KPUTEPUU COOTHOCATCSHSI He TO/IBKO C BOIIPOCOM “yro obo3HavaeTcH?” (C IPEIIOIOKHUTEIPHBIM OTBETOM —YaCTHbIE IIOHATHS TaHHOH 0071aCTH 3HAHMS, OOpa3yIONIIHe HOMUHATUBHBIE PSII, OTHOCAIAECS K OJJHOMY Ooilee 00mmeMy IMOHATHIO), HO H C BOnpocoM “Kak O603HauaeTcA?" (¢ MpeIIoNOXUTENbHBIM OTBETOM —JIBYXKOMIIOHEHTHBIE 00pa3zoM, Terminologija | 2006 | 13 39 rie NIEpBbIH KOMIJOHEeHT OD03HaJaeT CIeIHalbHOE POJOBOE nOH4;ATHEe, 00IIĮ6e JĄIA BCETO HOMHHATHBHOTO Psijid, a BIrOpOH —JIOCTATOYHO VC/IOBHOE JĄ1A COOTBETCTBYIOIEH TEeMATHYUECKOH OOacTH OBO3HaueHHe BHEINIHETO IpU3HaKa). VCJIOBHOCTb BBIGOpa DTOIO IIpH3HaKa, TO-BUIUMOMY, H UME B sy I'. O. Bunoxryp, ormoMeuas: “lloueMy JįtaHnbiū npeamer Ha3BaH Tak, a He MHade, JŪIS HOMEHKJIATYPHBIX 0003HadeHUH Ooee HAH meHee OespasJAUYHO, TOIJAa Kak JŪISI TEDMHHa, CTpeMATerocs obsasarh OCMBICAEHHON BHYTpeHIeH OOpMONK, 9TO OUEHh BaXHBIKŪ BONpoc. C 5THUM CBSI3aHO 4aCTO HabroAaroNeecs CTpeM/eHue K 3aMeHe HOMEHK/IATYDP PAa3sHOro figlio CucTemamu KOjJOB» [Bunoxyp 1939: 8]. PaccMoTpeHHble TOUKM 3peHHS H A3BIKOBOH MaTepHai 110380/seT chopMY/IMpOBaTb Clleylollee TOJIKOBAIIMC HOMEHK/IATYPHOrO HAMMEHOBAHUS, KOTOPOE MOXXET OBITh IIPUHATO, [10 KPAaHHEN Mepe, Kak OJ[HO U3 BO3MOKHBIX BHYTPEHIIC MOCJIEJĮOBATEJIbLHbIX MOMOX CHIH, BbIIEISTIONINY OTPOMHbBIN TUTACT CTIEIMAIbHBIX A3BIKORBIX €UHUIL HAYYHO-TeXHHUECKOrO Xapakrepa. HoMmeHknaTrypHoe HauMeHOBaHHe (HOMEH) —TO TEPMHHO/IOTHyeckoe 0603HaueHHe YACTHOrO CIIELHA/IbHOTO TOHATHA KaKOMbo obracTn 3HaHH3, AHCHOHMIVIHHbI HIM TEMATHUeCKOH OGO/IaC TH, KOTODOE€ COCTOHT H3 JBYX /IEKCUKO-CHHTAKCHYECKHUX KOMOOHEHKTOB, CHHTAKCHUECKH IVIABHbIH H3 KOTODPBIX SB/IS€TCH TEPMHHOM, C/IOBOM HIN C/IOBOCO4eTaHHeM OOInETO s3bIKAa H 00o3HavaeT CNIenLHa/IbHO€ POJOBOE IMOHATHE JAHHOH OO/IaCTH, a CHHTAKCHUYECKH NOJŪUHHEHHbIH KOMITOHEHT SIB/IS€TCH YCIOBHBbIM, BHEILIHHM (UIS JaHHOM 00ACTH 3HAHUA HU JŪLA OOO3HAUEHHA COOTBETCTBYIOLIErO IOHSITHS) H CITy>KHT 4/1 BBI/LC/IE HH U3 PO10BOTO NOHATHA HMEHHO JaHHOr0 YaCTHOrO NOoHATH, PHKCHPYeMOro B Cre Haj IbHbIX OMMHCAHHAX, TOJIKOBAHHAX, JePHHHUHIAX H T. II. CuHTaKCcH4YeCKH HOLUYHHEHHBIH 3HAK-KOMIIOHEHT HOMEHK/IaTypHOro HanmeHosaHus (Meradpopuuecku ynorpebirennoe C/IOBO H/IH CIOBOCOYETaHUe 0bIero A3pIka, aHTPOIOHHUM H/IH TOINIOHHM, abbpesnarypa mim crienna/ibHas 6ykBeHHO-uudpoBas HoTau HH) obpasyeT ero HOMeHK/IATYpPHbIH IIoOKazaTe/1b (Mapkep). - E' un'idea fantastica. Ta HOMEHK/IaTYPHOrO HAHMeHOBAHHA TAK)Ke MOXeT ObITh pe3yibTaTOM METadOOopHueCcKHX H3MEHeEHHH 00UIEA3BIKOBOM IE KCHKMH. HoMenknarypHbie HAaHMeHOBaHHsI, OO0O3HaHaIOIOHE C NOMOLUBIO MHMEH COOCTBEHHBIX —AHTPOIOHUMOB (3MIOHMMOB) H/IH TOIIOHH40 Cepren Ulenos | Homenknamypa versus mepmuHoa02 us... MOB —OTJIE/IbHBIE IHO/IOHKEHHA, YTBEDXJEHHA, CHOUOTE3bI, KOHHETIOŪHH H T. JI. - E' una cosa che mi piacerebbe sapere. CORBOKYIIHOCTP BCEX HOMEHKJIATYPHbIX HaHMeHOEBaHnHnH (HOoMeHOB) TOU HIM HHOM 06/IaCTH COCTABIAET ee HOMEHK/IATypYy. O/H H3 HECKOJIBKO HeOXUIAHHBIX Pe3y/IhTaTOB, K KOTOPBIM MbI IIPUXOAMM, COCTOMT, TaKHM OOPa3OM, B TOM, YTO €C/I¥ B Havale JIAHHOU pa6OTBI MBI HCXOJIHTA U3 TOTO, UTO TEDMHHO/IOTHA KH HOMEHK/IATypa [IPOTHBOITOCTaBISAIOTCA JAPYT APYTrY, TO B KOHIIE ¢e HEOXUIAHHO BbIACHACTCHS, YTO HOMeHK/IaTypa (B OJHOM H3 BO3MOXKHBIX ee NOHHUMauMit!) He npoTHUBOIIOCTAB/IAETCSI TEDMHHO/IOTHH, a AB/ISETCH €€ HEOTheM/IEMOH 4acThIO, 0COOEHHOCTDh KOTOpoH —cirenudnKa A3pIKOBBIX CPeACTB Cy>KeHHUd OJHOTO CIleliHa/IbHOTO NOHATHY AO ele bo/ree CIenHa/ILHOTO H 4aCTHOTO HOHATHHS. 3aMEeTHM, YTO DTO BHEIIe “HeOXXHUJaHHoe pemeHHe BONpoCa O COOTHODIEHHH TEDMHHOJIOTHH V HOMEHK/IATYPhI B 3HaYUTABHON Mepe OObsCH5ETCS YUCTO TEDMHHOJIOTHUECKHMH IP UUMHAMMU. Tak, ecg cunrars, UTO K HOMEHAM OTHOCATCS TOJBKO Te eIUHUIbI, KOTOprie BRIE Ha3bIBAIOTCHA HOMEHKIATYPHBIMH IIOKA3aTEJ/IAMH, TO Pe3yabTar OKaXkeTcs bonee “IPUBBIUHBIM: HOMEHBI (B TaKOM IMOHUMaHuu!) HUKOT 1a He OyjįyT TepMUHAMM, a TEpMHHbI, YTO H [PeIIOIaranoch, HUKOra He OyAyT HOMEHaMU. - E' un pazzo. ŪTO npuHHIUITHATBHO BhIICACT HOMCHKAATYPY B IpefelaX TEDMHHOJIOTHHK, TAK JTO ee "BHenIHHŪ | YC/IOBHBIA, He MOTUBMPOBAHHBIA WIM HOUTH He MOTHBHpOBAaHHbIK BHYTPHAUCTIATUIMHAPHBIMI HOHHTHAHbIMH [IPU3HAKAMHU CITOCOG BBIZI€TICHU HA UACTHbIX BUOBBIX (" THIIOBHIX, “"COPTOBBIX ") HOHSTHH U3 TEPMHHOJIOTHYECKH VXC HA3BAHHbIX POJOBBIX, T. €. IOHATUHHa1 CeMAHTHKA H HCII0/1b30BaHUe HOMEHKIIATYPHOI'O IIOKa3aTeJis. OHaKo OdyHKuHOHAa/bHas OOIHOCTD TEpMHHa H IHOHHMaeMOTro Takum OOpa3OM BCETO HOMEHKIIATYPHoto Hahmehobahhs Coxdahsetcsa - Bdidaxkehe CihceohanbHoto Ihoatha. Tarxe coxpaHgeTcss HK Hake VCH/IMBaeTCH HEODXOJHHMOCTh CHer[įHa/IbHOTO pa3baCHeHHHI TOTO NOHATUHHA IOCPpeJICTBOM CIEIHATbHO IPE HA3HAUEHHBIX HIS OTOTO CPEACTB —OINHCAHHA, JĮIEOHHHOUHH, HJUHOCTDaLHH, XapaKTEpHcCTMKH UIA HHBIX Dpa3/IMHUHBbIX IIPUEMOB, CXOHBIX ¢ Onpege/reHneM [| opeknū 1974; I'ermanosa 1986; Csunrnos 1987; Cambyposa 2000]. Xaparrepuo, TO B pile HOPMATHBHDBIX TEDpMHAHOJIOTHYUeCKHX C/IORapen HpeJCTaB/- JICHDbI Ha Terminologija | 2006 | 13 41