Номенклатура versus терминология (три подхода к выделению номенклатурных наименований)

HOMEHKIIATYPA TEPMI4HOIO I,I l VERSUS ( p ilo4xo a K Bb Ae e H 4 o H oMe HK a X) Hb x Ha 4MeH o eaHz ) (EP EI UlE l0B 4ucmumynT l3b Ko6 u Kynbnl)'p uMe l Jlaaa To cmozo AHol , 3 xapaKTepHb x p 4Me Hau e o BpeMeHl lBi le c bypHb 4 p oc o6 n eHa o Ko oMu {ec o , aAM 4H zc p a eHo ii 4 KoMMep ec noi.l au op u aqze i o oeapax 4 ycny ax, oKa3bIBaeMbIX Ha MelKAyHapoAHoM { Ha l . oHai bHoM ypoB lx. IJ s o i cB 3u 3acny)K {Rae np c anbHo o B 4MaH - l Ta ac b o6o:na- enu i, uc onb3yeMa l R coo Re c By o lu4x AoKyMeHTax, Ko opa-a Ha3b Bae o6 -e <' , M 4pa ToBapoB, yc y , oKa/ bHb x 4 Haq oHa b b x peanuil. 9ac o no4o6Hn e o6o:na. eH .{ l TpaKTy o c KaK HoMeHK a yp Hb e Ha {MeHoBaH 4. , oAHaKo c a yc no go6H x o6osua. e u ii n HayqHb x ny6 l aquqx { B TepM zHo/ o 4 {ecK x acc, e71oBa n- lx AaleKo He onpeAe/ eH. B g oi cB [.s 4 Hac o- ula- l pa6o a c aB {T ceoei qenb o HaMe . , ocHoBHb e, na ,16onee pac poc paHeH b e il B c qecKl e o K 4 3pe 4 l Ha oH lTp e "sol eu la' ypHb x Ha {MeHoBaH:ai ", " ol.eHxaa ypb " { nbl- ic 4Tb o6 qee pa3I l4 oe B H 4x. Bo-uepn , x, Mb o b aeMc peAc aB {Tb qpe3B ' qa iHo <pa <u o6:op OCHOBIILIX LIC' OpZqeCKH cIIO)KIIRIIII4XCq TO {eK 3peIII4 l IIO 3TOMy BOnpOCy. Bo-n op , x, Mb npeA/Io)K 4M, KaK peACTaB - le c , Aoc a o {Ho aKTyanbHoe A/ - l - l3 ) Ko3Ha { cooc eeHHoe peueH e Bonpoca o cocTaBe HoMeHK a- TypHb x ual uenosanl i. Pe ueH ae 3' o pacnpoc paH- le c- l Ha co :I b ceg { M} n oHb RecbMa pa: oo6pas ' x HoMeHK a' ypHb x eAVH aq (n ac uoc u,6uono uqecK e u TexHn {ecK e oMeHb ). Kpol e o o, oHo no3Bonae coxpaH 4Tb BHy peH- H o o qe/ b oc b oM€HK/ a' ypb KaK Teope 4 ecKo o o u u- l u Ha a oli ocHoBe ycTaHoB 4Tb MecTo HoMeHK./ a ypb B cI,IcTeMe c le l 4a/ Hoi uayuHo- Tex uqecKo .i aexcunl u npeAno)K a n o6 qea:b Konb e Kp ep 4 Bb Ae eH 4 l " olae <aa ypb " xax oco6o o Knacca cnequanbHb x Ha 4MeHosanu (npuueu KpxTepuu OC'IaIOTCJ{ eALIIILIMI,I /III l CaMLIx pa3nI{lIIIbIX HaylII{bIX I LICI I.jIIIII4II eMa { ec ux o6nac e .i). HanoHe , oHo coxpaH- lL cgs3L c eKo opb M ,{ Tpalp quoH b M { oAxol{aMl.I K oMeHKJ aTypHb M HaIIMe oB2lH lM. 'Ie n inologija | 2006 | 1,3 33 Yuo pe6neH 4e c/ oBa HoMeHK amypa l:Bec Ho 3aAo o Ao K. .Il anHeq (1707-1778) u A., laeyaa e (I743-1794), npocyu{ec BoBa lo HecKo lb- Ko BeKoB { s 3ToM 3Ha eH 4 Ao / o Ao Ha uux 71He i (no cBuAe enbc By A. [. Xa o 4Ha, c oBo HoMeHKnamypo o lRn le c- B enpone ic ux - l3 ,IKax y)Ke B XVI-XVII nn. [Xa o us 1972: 1-ZD, uo au nu cx a i < a oco$ 14 {c opuK HayK Y. Yesenb (1794-1866), no-B 4Al Mo y, 6mn nepBb M, KTO o b anc eope 4qecK { oco3Ha b 3ToT K acc Hayuuo i eKc {K { B e o po 4Bo oc aB eHl l4' epMI4Ho Io I4I,I. Y. Ygeenb, I4:eec b l; cBo l- un pa6o auu n o6nac Me oAono 4ll L c opl ec ec BeH lblx HayK (n nepny o oqepeAb - 6 aoao au., x 4ML7k , M 4Hepano nu), eogHoKpa Ho Kacae c l HeKo opb x npo6ae l3b Ka HayK { {, B {ac Hoc , TepM {Ho/ o- uu. Cogep)KaHne Haz6onee qac o -I lT 4pyeMo o paKTa a " OznocoQ aa 4HAyKTI4BHb x HayK, ocHoBaHHa . Ha x c op u" no3Bo l. e c Aoc a o - Ho 4oc oBepHoc b o y Bep)KAa b, q o B HoMeHK a ypy xI4MI, LIecK . x 14 6nono u. ecKl x HayK Y. Yeee b BK oqae Ha3BaHl - l c {c eMa l4 u (pa- 3yMee c- l, coBpeMeHHo i e ' y, Y. Yeeen c) pac . enbHo o )KzBo Ho o M 4pa. Y ec no e e o i cB 3 np 4Bec 4 HeKo opb e Bb cKa3bIBaH . { aBTopa. "Iloneu <na ypa xnaccu( u aquonuo i HayKH - s o co6pauue uuen Bu- ,qon, Pogon l Apy x oApa3Ae. 'elaw " [Whewell 1967: 462] (n ge- / eHo HaM l - C. u)."HanounuM, o epMuHono 4 l, - 3To 3b K A , l o 4ca l .a o6 'ex oa, HoMeHK a ypa - co6paune 4MeH caM x o6beK os" [Whewell 1967:535). K noueunna ype Y. Yseeab o Hoc He o bKo 4Me- Ha Bl AoB, Ho MHo le Apy ue Ha3BaH 4- l npeAc aBu enei pac e bHo o 1 x( 4BoTHO o MUpa. Xn u . ecxy o HoMeHK a ypy np 4 TaKoM noAxoAe coc aBn { o pa3Ho- o6pasHue Ha 4MeHoBaH 4- l Belqec B coeAlaueuui ( a : <e coReplxeHHo He3aBuc Mo o l x o/ oxeH { i e axconol, u a). C s oi TolIKL 3peHz l xl MnqecKue uampuil, Q-op, xnop, )uasoMemaH, auemamd, cmeapuHola Kuc.iloma, o euHo1au Kuciloma, 0un emunznuoKcl M - HoMeHbI, a, cKa)KeM, amomuo il HoMep, cma6unouo c Lsomonb , Q nomaqu { u . A. - TepM IHbI. B o x<e BpeM l np 4 ipo xBo oc aB eH l "TepMla ,o o u - HoMeHKJ a- Typa" o3 l - l Y. Yaeens geo ic eeulaa l., a iHo .qa 14 npo l4Bope { 4Ba . B callol Ae e, c oguo c opoHb , e e o pa6o ax {Me o c l KaK 6y4 o lp. lMb e Bb cKa3b BaH 4 o ToM, To HoMeHK IaTypa o paHH {I, Rae cs Ha3Ra- H:z M l B lAoB. C gpy o i c opoHb , npu / o Ko-ceMaHT {qecKoM o6cy>x4e- H 4 4 npo Bo oc aB euua " epn {Ho o l4- l - HoMeHKna ypa" Y. Yseen l a qe BCelo Bo3Bpaulae c q K TpaKToBKe HoMe K a ypb , co acHo o opo i 34 Cep ei [lenon I Homeux amypaue sus mepMuno] ozu ... B Hee BK oi alo c aK)Ke Ha3BaH , Apy lx 6uono u. ecK x aKCoHoB - poAoB, ce.n e ic e, o p AoB 4 T. . l) a pax oBKa cB 3aHa c pa3 uq 4eM Me>l<Ay - lsb KoM o ca: . .A oSnex a (cau Y. Yseenb uHo Aa 4c o/ b3ye TepMuH desc ip iue lc nguage, o ca e bu i xs x) 14 - l3b KoM, o opu i Mo)KHo 6n no 6l Ha3Ba b - l3b KoM Hasb BaH {- l o6 ,e a. llepel i n o6pa- 3ye epMnHo o ulo HayK l, n opo i - ee HoMeHKna ypy. "C e6nu, nuc- Tbq, IIBe bI 14 n IoAbI pac euu u o Hoc- l q {ec K H M ac " o y 6 , ' c o/ b pasHoo6pa3Hb M 4, o o6 qu i - l3b K coBep eHHo HeAoc a oqeH An l Bb palKeHua o6 qe o 4 pa3n 4qHo o B 4x, - [ e Y. Ygee . Eo an z a no3ToMy Hy)KAae c.a HC To bKo R onpeAene no cnc eMe Ha3RaHI, pac e- Hnii, Ho { B Bb pa} (eHuax (ph ases).qna o 4caH l Hx. ac e i: He o , (o B oMe {Kl a ype, Ho l B Tep d o/ o un (a , 4eneuo aBTopoM - C. ilI .)" [Ysne 1869: 495]. lIpH e o u , oBop- l o HoMeHK a ype, Y. Y:eea HeoAHoKpa Ho noA ep- K ' Rae ee 6onee np-aMylo coo HeceHHoc b c ,qe ic' au enbHoc bK). Henoc- peAcTBe ' Hy o AaHHoc b 3Ha eH { l I oMeHoB B no3HaH { 4. B coo se c B { c g , M HoMeHb 14 TepM 4Hb o-pa3HoMy BBoAq c{ B Hay Hu o6nxo,q. 3ua. enue HoMeHoB, co acHo Y. Yseen c, He c o lbKo Quxc pye cx AeQu- uzqueii, Ko opa-a yc aHaBn {Bae e o paH , qbl, cKo bKo 4 l oc p pye c" l xaxuu-nu60 4 . qHb M peACTaB 4Te eM. Oso He c o bKo o epa 4Bae c cHapy)K {, cKo/ bKo npeAbsB le cq ceoei qeHTpalbHoil o. o ; oHo on 4- cblBae cq He eM, q' o ueu:6e)KHo plcK lloqae c. l, a eM, {To He . 3MeHHo BK oqae c- l B He o. B npo neo o/Io)KHoc b o oMy epM Hono u-a 6onee opuel 4poBaHa Ha,qeQuuu lu o, Ha Ao oBopeHHoc b. l4 ax, c o4uoi c opoHb - HoMeHK a ypa KaK BCe Ha3 ,alaLl c c eMa l - KZ pacT e/ bHo o I/I )Kp BoTHo o M {pa, Bce Ha3BaHu l pupoAHb x op aH . 3- on, oco6ei ux coBoKy Hoc e , c 4py o i - "Ha3BaHu , o6naga olll e HenocpeAc seuHoi AaHHoc b o {x 3Ha eH {- B o3HaHuu". 3aueu4M, {To 3T 4 ABa TTOAXOAa BHyTpeHHe, B paMKaX eAT4HOIO TeOpeT {qecKOIO B3 / _ ,Aa Ha l3b K HayK 4 noo6 qe, ec ec BeHHb x HayK u 6nono u l, B ac Hoc a. l loxo coBMec l4M . I4u epecHo, o np 3ToM geo ic eenHa{ no3nll} - l Y. Yoeens o6yc onuaa pa3l { Hb e noH MaH { HoMeHKna ypb B Aanb- He il eM. Tax, cy qec BeHHo uoR e an B c aHoB IeHuI4 Hay {Hn 6uoao . e- cK 4x a3Bas a i 6n n cB- l3aH c /Ieq'I'enbHoc b o K. IIuHHeq. C. u ae c l, o B e o K/ accz. ec <o pa6o e "Species Plan a um" (I753 .) 6ul a 3a o) (eHb ocHoRb aK Ha3b Baeno i 6uuapHo (uua.{e - 6 {HoM {a/ bHo i, 6 aHouu- Te minologiia | 2006 | 13 35 anbHoii) HoMe K a yp ' - o6o: e qeu le B /(ol] pacle uil (no4uepnueu: To (o nu4on) qepe3 poAoBOe Ha3uaH 4e 14 HeKoTop i l n B 4AoBo o o' ilL q . Eeccnop ' M pegc aB e c o ax , q o n coBpeMe Hoi 6o aH . . ecno i u 3oo/ ol . qec oii uol eHK/ a ype, ocuoBaHHo i ua pa6o- ax K. J1zuues, {a3BaHH B {AoB, KaK lpaB , lo, BJ J o c oco6b M B 4AoM HoM , aq {u. Hayuuoe Ha3BaH 4e po4a o6osHaqae c oA} ,IM J a 4 {cK M c/ oBoM, a a3naH e o Hocaule icq K HeMy ocnosHo i c: c eMa 4 {ecKo i KaTeIOpI4[I - BI'IAa - yTo I _ leTc l BTOpbIM CITOBOM, CI'IHTaKCI4 IeCKII OT- Hoc- ul Mc K epeoMy: Ha p Mep, mononb 6enaii (Populus alba), 6epec- cnem 6opo)aa,lama i (Euonymus ue ucos( ), cnb'u xanuclopuuilc cuil (Ae:e n egundo), Kunapuc Ka uM upcKuii ( Cup essus co neyano), casap ca aua)c caq (B an a cc nadensis), canaMaHApa 0peaecuan (Aneides lugub is), xa ca}y udp- ua i (P oboscige a e imus), U nnx )Ke moK { oeax (Eg e a eulopho es) u . u. (a 3oo/ o l 4 pacnpoc paHe b aK)Ke a3BaH l a: pdx c/ oll - TpzHo- M 4a/ bHb e, ,qe nocnL'A L'e 4:l pex - Ha: BaH 4e ollB 4/Ia: HanpnMep, Kpb M- c cuil 6nazopo0uo il o eHb (Ce uus elaphus b aune i)). B opo i KoM oHeH B Ha3BaHZ a4a o6 uuo Ha3blBae c e o B 4lIoBbIM 3 4Te oM. lpa e ou eu- goso 3 4Te ', Aaxe ecnn oH Bb palKeH TepM {HoM, o H oAb He {cqep , Bae B 4AoBb x o nus i pac eHl4 l; B lyq ueM c yqae o epeAae l b oAI4H . 3 MHo x p 43HaKoB, coBep xeHHo oc au,T l l B TeH Bce oc ai bH e. Hey4u- Bu e b o o3ToMy, q o Oco ca Ma oulemKoaan (Ca ex pauci lo a) lox<e po 4Bonoc aB/ lT 'c- coBceM se Oco ce MHozoulem coeoil(Ca ex plu i lo a), a Oco ce xa c co)c o i (Ca ex hakkodensis); Oco ca MHozousemKola l (Ca ex plu i lo a), B cBolo oqepeAb, Mo) (e po zBonoc aB - bc- l Ocoxe monsuoil (Ca ex limosa) . . B pa4e ci y aeB nu4oaoii 3 ulTe pon3BeAeH o 4MeH n L eo pa< u ecKp x na:saul ii: cp. Oco ca l qenuua (Ca ex gmelini) nu Keuuzus ucnau)c cas (Koenigia islandica) (no He <o opb M AaHHbIM {c o TaK x c yqaeB coc aB/ue 4o 20oh B 4/loBb x 3 eloB s 6o a ane). B"- 4onoil 3 e , TaK M o6pa:on, B Ha3BaH 4 BI4Aa He coo Hoc 4Tc- l c e o 6nono zqec o cy quoc b o, A l Hee oH B 3Haq a eanno i Mepe ycnoBeH, a xapaKTep 4c uxoi, l geHlz( zq zpy o qeii Bl AoBb e oco6eu oc pac eHl l {/ 4 x(l BoT {o o, He Mox(eT cJ y)K {Tb e o HoMeHKlaTypHoe Ha MeHoBaH {e: e 3 oii < yul q z Mo)Ke R , c yna b zil b c equanbHoe e o o[ucaH . e, Ha3b BaeMoe B coBpeMeguo i ayKe e o nua Ho:ou. 3 o o ucaH 4e 14 3a- Kpenn eT cooTReTcTBy oilIee :1]{a eH 4e 3a B l AoBb M Ha3BaH eu. Tax . u o6pa;ou, s 6uoao zz oM 4Haql J "ec ec Be llb x Bl IoB" olx/ a no [y 4 Be/II4aIeHIl l CuHKpel' 4:lMa HaUMeHOBaHI4 3a C eT IIOTep14 e IO aHa, UTll:l_N, a, 36 Ce.p c i llle on Ho u ' xnumlpa c su.s mepMuHo) o? 1 . I,Ibo Kpa Koe I ay lHqs FIa3BaH {e l} {Aa He o pa)Kae e o o J q i n uy> Hl, cIIeLlz nbHb e cpeACTBa, q' 'o6b ux ycTaHoB lTb. B 4aalHeii xeM oH e BuAa - KaK oc {oBHa ell H la B c {c eMe )K BbIX Op aHI43MOB H KaTIeCTRL'HHbIIi 3Ta I I'IX 3ROIIOII14I4. KaK OC oIlHa'I TaKCOTTOMT{qecKa l Ka Te op 4 l e 6 4ollo Hqec Ko c {c L MaT ,lKe - l aHq]Io leHTpal h oe MecTo Ro Bceli 6uono u. ecKo i TaKcoHoM Ll, a Ha3BaH { l B {- AoB 3aH l l { 66n ' y o u o/IaBn l o qy c L ac , Ha3Ba 4i npeAcTaB 4Te/ e i )K u BoT o o I4 pacT {Te bHo o Ml pa B 6uono p u. 3 o no:eonJ eT peA- IO IOX 4Tb, qTO R OCle[ {HeeBCKOe BpeM TepMUH oMeH ( aT).1)a, He Tep - cBoe o [pe)K ]e o ilHaqe ,l l, npuo6pe ae exle oAHo. On Ha. unae yno p e6laTbc J{ np e MyII{ecTBeHH o il 4c K. o l TenbHo K Ha3Ba { qM BI AoB, o6p a sy o q lx 6uuap y. o oMe K a yq1y . 3 o np e4n o / o )K e H 4 e qac 4 {Ho Mo)Ke 6 , ' nol BepxAeHo B3 'n laM , A. C. Mnnas (1806- IB73), coBpeMeHI Ka coo eqec Bel Ka Y. Y:eeaq. !. C. Mzn/ , 3Ha Y. Yeeen l 14 F eolHoKpa o ccb / a cb Ha Hux, a "CIac el4e o l K 4 c l o- uqec o 4 HnyKl nno i" pa36e pae eKo opb e 4: e o noaoxenn . B lac ocTll, Kaca cb Bol poca o HoMc K/ a1', pe, oH l 4 xeT: "cloea HoMeH- Knamy p( mep MuHo oz u 6onnu uuc BoM aBTopoe yno pe6n o c- l o 'lu 6espasll uHo, 4 /{-p K) n , iepBb i, HacKo/ bKo l 3Ha o, np 4Aan s M AByM TepM 4 aM pa3i ul b e : Haqe 4 l. Bnu4y o o, q o yc a oBJ eHHoe 4M pa3- nilql e Me)I(Ay 3TLIM14 cJ oRaMI I Mee /Ieic R 4TenbHoe LI Ba)K oe 3Ha c'Hue, L HaM HaAo cneAona b e o p . uepy" [M aaa , 1899: 565]. O4ua <o Aa ee o poAoni (ae : "Flouc xaaTypy Mo)(Ho onpeAen 4Tb KaK coBoKynHocTb na:sa uii BCex ex ec eclBe b x pa3pqAoB, c Ko opb M 4 HMee 4eno a I4n 4 [pylag. OTpaCnb 3HaHI4 l, HnH, nyLIlIIe, BCeX HII3TIIIiX eCTeCTBeHHITIX pa3p lAoB (no4uep <uy o aM { - C.ilI .) - Tex "Hu:l 4x B AoB", Ko opue MO yT, paBAa, noApa3Ac/ lTbc , o y)Ke F e Ha ecTecTReHHb e pa3p /{ ) , 4 KOTOpb e COOTBe'ICTRy O nOO6IIIe'IOMy, qTO B C'c:TeCTBO3 aHx 4 Ha3b BaeTC l poc o "Bu4au " lMunn , 1899: 5651. l4 ax. Ha3BaH , , 3u x ec ec - BeHHb x pa3p Aou oT oc_ lTc I< oMe KilaTyp e) a a:JBaH q Bcex 'aK- co oB Bb l e B {AoBb x (uaseauzx poAa, ceMe ic a, o p Aa. K acca u . .) npn'laKoM oAxo,qe He o {oc lTc l ( oMeHK,' a ype u aK 4M o6pa: o , c Kopee Bc e o, qB o c-a qac b o 6 , o; o u. ec o i TepM Hono n . . cp. M eKonu na cLLJue - xL uJHb e - Kou aahu - KoLuKa (Mammalia - Ca niuo a - Felidae I'elis), M eKonumo culue - npuMamil - ye6u0oab e - pe6yH (Mam- malia - P im es - C ebi dae - Alou u), 0 ay)onaua e - canuu0o6b e - K eHo- 6b e - x.aan (Dico y,le l<>nes - Sapindales - Ace uceae - Ace ) . . Te ninologiia | 2006 | 13 37 4u epec uo, l o pa:lB ue x {M qec oi HoMeHK a yp b nou/ o np 4Hu {- n 4a bHo {H ' M, IpaKTua ecK 4 po ulBo o/ o (Hb M, nyTeM. B u ec , geca- b x oAax XVIII B. yc l.M a . 4e Mopeo, A. /la ya '" u Ap. ocylqec - B l e c l p eQopua x 4M 4 ecKoi nouennna ypb , zcxoA. i u as 143 np {H una, COIIaCHO KOTOpOMy Ha3BaHI4e BeqeCTBa AOnXHO OAHO3HaiIHo yKa3LIBaTb Ha e o coc aB. Ha:saHza x MaqecK , x Beqec B { coeAuHeHui , xu uecKa-a HoMeHKJ a ypa, KaK npaB {/ o, 4 B HaL[u AH { coAep)Ka MaKcL Myl au<]-,op " a- u 4 o Be ec Be. coAepxaqe ic s e o x 4M {ecnoil $op " yne, cp. cyna< uO Kanbuu l, MoHooKCuA ),znepoAo, neHmeoKcuE }uasoma, mempa e.uun6opam Hampu l, mempaeonozeHMemeH 4 T. . B xu uq, TaK 4M o6pa:om, HoMuHa- III4 l y)Ke OTKpbIT IX, a TaK)Ke BnepBbIe O'IKpbIBaeMbIx Vn Cl{HTe3I'IpyeMbIX Be {ec B y u coeq HeH 4- ( o opax Mo J a 6u 6n aHa o oM ua eaHu i "ec ec BeHHb x B .{AoB" n 6noao anl) no una coBep xeHHo lo npy oMy, cKopee npo lBo olo)KHoMy, yT 4, - IIo yT 4 yMeHb xeH[_ l c 4HKpe: 3Ma HaI4MeHOBall l l. 3a C eT BbII4IpbII Ia e O aHaII {T I3Ma, KO Aa pOT l)KeHIIOe NO I{I4CNY CBOIIX TL'PMXHO3NCMCI{TOB HAYqHOC HA3BAH}IC B 3HAqUTC[bHOi c e eH 4 o pa)Kae e o c pyK ypny c <popuyny. lo-e 4uuoMy, aHaJ o l4 {F o, He o Hoc lTC K HoMeHKna ype (u e ol. ee oH {Mann a!) { aHa oM 4 ecK 4e o6osua. en 'a uaseaHui Mb uua zpe6euuama l, Mb LuLJa 0 uuuaq npuaolau1a l, Mb u ua 0ayznaaan n eqa, 6eHa 6usanbue , 6eHa cezMeHmepHa 3b uKola HLuKH , seHa LueilHan zny6o an, 0 ay e na eo nyqe 6a cy MKa. B c a ,e "Ho , esxaa ypa" Tpe be o 3qa i Bo; n oi coge cxopi cH- { {KnoneA la lp {BoA. l Tc J ABa 3Ha {L'HI4 3To o c / oBa : "Ho.H. esua ypa (na . nomenclc u a - nepe. eHb, pocn 4cb a u eu), 1) cuc e u a (coeo ynuoc ) uasna:l:.:z L, epM 4 oB, yno pe6 aeMb x B <a <oi-nu6o o paclu HayK {, TexHxKx; 2) cuc e u a a6c pa nux u yc- noBHb x c {MBo/ oB, Ha3 a eH {e xo opo i Aa b MaKC 4Ma bHo yAo6Hoe c paKT 4 ec oil o. z :JpeH { l cpeAc no 4ax o6o:Haqe 4 npeAMe' oB". Cxa:auuoe o3Bo - le c lopuynllpoBa' b, uo <pailueii Mepe, Tp . pa3/ {q- Hb x oHnMa]H] . HoMeHK a ypn : 1) oMeHK a ypa KaK coBoKyn oc ) HayqHb x ua:eaH ai Bcex py ln lpe71cTaB 4 eae i pac l{TenbHo o 14 }I(u- Bo Ho o Mxpa; 2) o 'leu <na ypa KaK coBoKy {oc b o6o:na. eH a onn <o "H l3 uux ec ec BeHHb x pa3p Ao " (e 6 o o u, Ha pl{Mep, B Ka {ec Be TaKOB TX B , CTynaIOT 6 aUOl auanb lb e H33B2Hl1 B {AOB )K lBbIX Op aHU3- uon); 3) Ho u euua' ypa KaK coBoKy Hoc b o6o:Ha. eHni, n e oulz : Ka ec Be csoe i qac x HeKo opb e l{oc a oqHo yc/ oB b e o6o3 , a. eHu l 3 8 Ccplcii Llle on I lTomeux. nm)'pa ue sus mepMuHonozul Tex oH. lTui, KoTopb e' cTo T 3a cooTBeTcTBy oilI lM 4 o6o3Ha. eH M { B IenoM. Tax. e exH , Ke K HoMeHK/ a ype exF qecKux uzgenui o Hoc ', Hanpu- ., ep, < yHnq oHu py cu{ 4e B npoMbl uneHHocT { Top oB/ e Ha MeHoBaH 4. MexaH , 3MoB { Ma {H, {x AeTa/ e i, annapa oB, TexHu ecK 4x yc po ic e 1 x y3 oB { T. ., Ko opb e 4Me o B Ka {ec Be ceoe i n opo i qac Ao- c a o Ho yc oBHb e "q3 xosue 3TuKe K .{", cp. q nQa MT3 80. noAluun- uu c 80301, Hacoc MIII 3A, HacaAKu Kii che 310, co* npeccop BII2-10/9, auemuneHoaa il zeuepamop EAKC- 1, aamoh o1una KamA3-43 1 7 4, camonem "EoL HZ 717" u . n. "K HoMe K la ype Mo)KHo o Hec 4 (u o6 uuo o Ho- c a ) c nuc xl{ Ha} M e H o sanui . u z ge nui a <o o-n 60 oAHo o p eAnp . q 4 l (Hanp a u ep, BCe MoAen { TpaKTopoB ollHo o 3aBoAa " lT3"), ToBapoB Ka- xo o-nu6o Ma a3 ,lHa, cop oB, T. e. ucKycc BeHHo Bb BeAeHHh x pa3HoB {A- oc e i pac euu i (uanp auep, < py on)", - n alue B. M. Ieil. ux [Ilei un I974: 791. Mo; <Ho lo a a b, o ycnoBHue o6oesa. esus. MT3 80, 80301, MI I 3A, Kii che 310, B II2-10/ 9, EAKC-1, KamA3-43114, "Bou uz 747" s np 4BeAeHHb x b e p {Mepax ecTb e "a6c paKTHb e 4 ycloBHb e c {M- Bo/ b . Ha3Ha eHl e Ko opb x Aa b MaKc 4Ma bHo }/Ao6uoe c npa c uuec o ToqK l 3peH 4- l cpeAc Bo gna o6oena eH , - l npeAMe oB", xo op e yno- M Halo c- l B onp e11eneHZ 4 HoMeHKna ypb , co lac Ho Eo ,u o c oBe c Ko i 3HU , K/IOIIe,UI414. B gan 'ueiu eM l 3 o)(eH { MbI 6yge 'l oRopu b o HoMe Kl a ) )el, o- Me K/ aT)ape2 L oMe J aT) pe3, cooTBeTCTBeH o, a ynoM. HyTy o Bb xe Aoc a o {Ho yc noBHy o qac b {oMe K. a )4)Ho o o6osHa. e n , 6yAeu Ha3b BaTb oMeH (/ aTyl H ' M oKa 3aTeneu (Hnu oMe K aTn ' M MapKepoM). llp" 3' oM Bb - lB e nb e {c opuqecKIl c o)K B x14ec l pa3nu! - Hb e paKToBK , lp BCei 4x HecoBMec 4Moc {, RCe xe 4Me o qen i px4 o6qu MoMeHToB, 3-3a Ko opblx 4x {ac o KoHTaM 4H 4py o , Ho Mb F e 6yae nl Ha 3ToM oc aHaB Ba bc- l, a 6oaee noqpo6uo paccMo p {M oqep- Ie H HO e BbIIIIe IOH- l TI4e IOMeIIK IaTyI bI3. Kp u ep uu, R , 4e J a oilI 4e oMe K ila py 1 u: o6qe o p- l .4a c nell 4a b- o . nex.c z <I4 HayqHo-TexHl4 {ecKo o xapaKTepa, / e)Ka aK)Ke B l L Hl lc- l . ec <o nnocKoc !{. 3 u Kp 4Tepl 4 coo Hoc- lTc l He o/ bKo c Bo pocoM ". o o6o3uaqae cs?" (c npegnonolKn e bHb M o Be oM - ac Hble- oH lT {- l 4auHoi oSnac 3HaHn , o6pa:y oul ae oM Ha 4B b e p- lAb , o Hoc- lnluec- l K oA oMy 6o ee o6qeuy uou u o), Ho { c sonpocoM "xa o6o:naqae - c ?" (c lpeAlo ox( {Te b b M o Be oM - AByxKoM oH€HTHb M o6paso , Te minologija | 2006 | 13 39 Ae nepBbII4 KoM o e ooo3HallaeT c IeIILIa b oc poAoBoe oHg' e, oo- lee Ilq Rce o HoM {HaTVBHo o pq/Ia, a l} opoii AocTaTol Ho ycl oBHoe llJ coo Be c By oqeii 'eMa qecno i o6nac l o6o3 aqeH 4e BHe uHelo np 43 aKa). YcloeHoc b Bb 6opa 3ToIo l p . 3HaKa. no-B {A {MoMy, 4Me/ B u 4Ay . O. Buuo <yp, olMeqal: "lloueny laun , i.i npeAMe a3naH ' 'aK, a He aqe, AJ HoMeH (na ypF b x o6o3HaqeHui. 6oaee l n MeHee 6e:pa:l- / {qHo, To Aa Ka ( I/ J TepM .IIIa, cTpeMaIIIe ocx o6na,4aTb oC Mb C/ eH loi,i BHy pe e Qopno , o o o e b nax , ii B() poc. C s uu cB 3aHo qac o a6l o,4a o leec l c peM/ eHue K :]aMeHe HoMeHK/ el yp pa3Ho o poAa c {c- eMaM 4 no4oe" [Buuoxyp 1939: 8]. Paccl o peHHb e oqKI 3peH .I a : ,IKoeol)i Ma ep lan o3llo/ e' c0op- Myn {poBa b cJ eAy}oulee Ton (oBa }1c oMc'HKnaTyPHo o Ha}lMeHoBaHl s, Ko opoe Moxe 6 ,l ' npu a' o, lo xpa ue i Mepe. KaK oII o i3 lo3Mo)KH Ix BHy pen c nocJ eAoBa p ,H X no, oxe nii. lh lle; oul x o poMHl, i..i na. c n equanbHb x l 3b KoBb x eA 4HnII HayLIHo-' exHuqec Ko o apaK' eP a. HoneHxaa ypHoe Ha lMeHoBa le (uoueH) - 3To epMnHono u- qecKoe o6osHa. eHne qac Ho o c[e {} anbHo o oHq {q xaxo i- ; u6o o6nac u 3Ha u , A cqu nll ' eMa ecxo i o6aac l, (oTopoe cocTOI,IT I.I3 AByx J e (c lKo-cI,I Ta (c ec ( D( (oM oHe ToB, cli laTaKc aqecK l nanHn i l- 3 Ko op D( - lBn e c-lI epM iHoM, c/ oBoM il c no 'o,c oqe a H e u o6 4e o l 3 ' Ka . o6o3 a. ae c e qua,' b oe poAoBoe o q ne gaH o i o6nac a, a c l a (cnqecK oA , HeH- n i xoi noHeHT l p' le c l. ycl oBH ' M, BHe nM (4n 4aH o i o6- ilac w su an. l. A l, o6o:Ha. eHus coo Be c By ou{e o uo x u ) 3 a (oM (ue xo i, "3T lKe Koii") ^ c,Ty) ( lT An l R Ae,Te l l [ 3 poAo- Bo o loH l lMeHHo AaHHo o ac Ho o oH l , QuxcupyeMo o B C equa,' ,H , x olp caH lx, To, (oRaHuxx, g,esn llq { ix . . . C u axc qec K l oAql e Hn il gna x- KoM oHe oMe H (/ a- T)apHo o a MeHoB an 4 l (n e a op lqecKn yuo pe6aeHHoe cnoBo I{,'IIII C/IOBOCOIIETAIIIIC O6UICTO l3T'IKA, AHTPOIIOHIIIM T{ilLI TOIIOTIHI {, a66peeua pa w c eq lai bHan 6yxneuuo-qnQpoRa l o aq s) o6p asye e o oMe (/ a yp H ' i oxa sa e, n ( apKep ) . lo -s n i Hoe coAepxaH , e c lHTa (c qe c K / aBHo o (oM oHe - T a HoMe H (na yp Ho o a . Me oB a , l TaK) (e Mox(e 6n n p e 3yn - Ta oM ue aQopuqe c K {x 3Me He H . i o6 qe nsm o o i ,' eKc K . Ho e x a )ap b e Ha MeHoB a l,, o6osHa. a o q {e c oMo l o MeH co6c BeH ' x - a po oH MoB (a oHuuo ) wnw o oH - +0 Cep eii lle os I IIome x. anlype ue sus mcpMl Ho nzu ... MOB - OTAe/IbH 'Ie IIO/lOX(eHLI l yTBep)I(AeHlI;I, IIIIIOT€3bI, I(OH- qeuql.I l . . cooTBeTcTBy oqe i o6, ac l1 3 aH.k l) oGpasy o ee Me aHoMe l (,ilaTypHb e a Me oBaHl l a lTpo loH {Ml{ {ecKo o p nH TO o I1IMHqecKo o R Aa. C ono y uoc ' B c ex HoMe Kna ) pHb x Ha {Me oB a .} i4 (Houe - Hoa) o i unu z.wo o6aac u coc aR le ee oMeHK a ;4)y. O;1 . H l3 HecKoJ bKo HeoxxAaHHhIX pe3yJIb a oB, K Ko' opbIM MbI npHXo- A {M. coc' o 4T, l'aKI, M o6pa: ol , } ToM, ITo ec: ll4 B Haqa e ga oi pa6o MbI . cxo/J { l 3 To o, q o epM { lono| 4 l 14 HoMeHK/ a' ypa npoT {Bo IOc- Ta l K)' c l Apy llpy y, ' o ] Ko qe ee Heo)K 4AaHHo Bbl. lcHJ{e c l, o Ho- Me ( a ypa (n o4HoM l3 Bo3Mo) ( ' x ee noH Mau l i!) He po- TI'IBOIIOC T AR'I'IETC' TE P MI{HONOTI,II,I, A lB II lET C l EE HEOT'bCMJIEMO i qac b o, oco6e oc b (o opo i - c eqa$nxa 3 ' KoB , x cpeAc B cyx(eH {s oA o o c le { ianb o o [oH Ao euqe 6onee c eq aj - Ho o l qac Ho o lo - lT l. 3alae l' u, q o 3To BHe-[ le "ueo>nn4au oe" pe xeHue. Bo poca o cooTl o eHl 4' epM 4Ho/ o { 4 . HoMeHKilaTypb B 3Ha- . aTea , o i uepe o6 ,xcH le c i ll{c o epM {IIo] o HaIecK?IM { np ql{HaMl4. Ta , e-cnu c { {T'a , o K HoMeIIaM o Hoc:-g cg lol bKo e eA {III4ubI, Ko o- pble BL'Ine Ha3blRa oTc . l HOMeHK/IaTypIIbIMI4 IIoKa3a'IeII- lM I, 'O pe:lynbTaT oKa>(e c-s 6onee " 1 {B , . Hl M": loMeHn (u a ol noHuMaH u!) ul xo ga ue 6yAy epMuHaMl , a l'epMuHb . q o { lpel{Ilona a/]ocb, F I{Ko I{a He 6yly HOMeHaMI{. Iloc ouy lo/ yqe { b : unog e Io/I)Ke { o6ecxypax<I{ }a'- b. ll o npuu- q! 4a/ bHo Rb Ae/ - l eT HoMe K/ aTyp)' B pelle lax TepM {IIo/ o {I4, TaK 3To ee "nl eil Hl l" ", ycaona i, le Mo l B {ponanl -ui I JII{ oLITI4 e Mo ll ] i- pona ' i RHyTp 4l{ 4c l 4 nuHapHbIM oH {Tn inn ^,.n p ,( HaK? Mn cnoco6 Bb AeneHu { qac b x } {llouh x (" a oe x", "cop oR x") noHa u i n: ep- M {I{o lo l {ecKI4 yx(e Ja:lgaqHblx polloBb x, T. e. oHgl' ilg.an ceMa {T Ka 14 zc onb:loBa {ue noMeHKJ a' ypF ol'o o (a3a e a. O4ua o <}yu qnoHa bHa-a o6 quoc , TepM . Ha 4 IloHnMaeMo o laKI4M o6pa:o.u ncelo loMeHKna yp- HOIO Ha 4MeHOBaHU l COXpaH e' c l - Bb pa)Ke {He cneqaa/ b lo o IIoH_ l Tuq. Ta x<e coxpaH- elc, l { Aa) (e yc14 uBae cx Heo6 ogl4Moc l c IeLI] allbHoI'o pa3b. lc eHu I 31'o o o T Tu nocpeAcTBOM c-neIl {anb {o IIpeA Ia3 la e IHb x An 3To o cpeAc B - oil {ca {1, 21c l-, Huql4ll, L J llloc pal uu, xapal(Tepnc- T , :KLl V H l X pa3/ qHb x np {(]MoB, cxoA b x c onpeAe/ e l {eM I opc <ui 1974; e uaHolla 1986; CBuu og 19U7; Ca ' 6ypoea 2000]. Xapa epHo, o ll p /le F opMa l B {b x epM HoJ o uqecK 4- c,, onap 'i peAC' aB c'Hb Ha Teln inologija i 2006 | 13 41