Gyvenamojo namo ir pagrindinių jo dalių rūšiniai liaudies terminai

142 R. Stunžinas | Residential house and its main parts | rūšiniailiaudiesterminai Specific folk terms of the residential house and its main parts Robertas Stunžinas Lithuanian Language Institute esMInIAI žodžiaI: common construction folk terms, residential house, Lithuanian terms, borrowed, hybrids One of the basic requirements of scientific terms – systematicity – is related to the requirements of logic. When creating terms, it is very important to understand the logical relationships of concepts; concepts and terms that name them must form a coherent system based on hierarchical (hyperonymic – hyponymic (generic – species), parthonomy, econymy and non-hierarchical relationships. The basis of the scientific terminology system is the classifications reflecting the development of concepts and their relationships (Jakaitienė 2010: 186). The distribution of concepts according to certain relationships is not only characteristic of the terminology of science. In popular terminology, which is the source of scientific terminology, special terms are divided and classified1 according to various relationships2. This article examines how the relationship of the concepts of genus and species is revealed in the terminology denoting the residential house and its main parts. It continues the author’s cycle of articles examining the folk terminology of construction. The aim of this article is to examine the generic terms of the residential house and its main parts according to the designated concepts, origin and interrelationships. In total, the article analyzes 248 different related and specific construction folk terms3 from the Lithuanian language dictionary (elektro1 It should be noted that the classification of folk terminology concepts is conditional. In ordinary language (and partly in popular terminology) the categorization of the world is revealed – a person, knowing the world and acting in it, arranges it according to his mind: he combines objects and phenomena into groups, establishes certain relationships between them. Scientific grouping of phenomena in the world is based on a classification, which is oriented towards grouping phenomena according to certain defined characteristics (see Gudavičius 2009: 49). Since folk terminology is considered the source of scientific terminology, the arrangement of special concepts can be considered a kind of classification. 2 The distribution of folk terms according to the relationships of genus and species of concepts is discussed in the author’s dissertation Statybos liaudies terminai (Vilnius, 2011). 3 In the sources examined, it is possible to detect a number of variants of terms that are not considered separate terms in this article (for more on the concept of variant see Stunžinas 2008: 111–112). 143Terminologija | 2011 | 18 ninio leidimo), Lithuanian Language Atlas (I t.), Druskininkai Dialect Dictionary, Kaltanėnai Snakes Dictionary, Kazlų Rūda Snakes Dictionary (I t.), Kupiškėn and Zanavykų Snakes Dictionary (I–III t.). žodyno (I t.), Lazūnųtarmėsžodyno, Šiaurėsrytųdūnininkųšnektųžodyno The basis for distinguishing species and relative terms is their place in the hierarchy of concepts (Гринев 1993: 66). Species terms form private oppositions4 with relatives and are hyponyms in relation to them. There are hyponymous and hyperonymous relations between related and specific terms. Species terms are analyzed according to the hierarchy of concepts of construction folk terminology. Relatives are considered to be terms expressing the most important characteristics of the genus, and species – terms indicating the most important and secondary characteristics of the genus (Татаринов 2006: 81). When distinguishing between genus and species terms, the main consideration is given to the interpretations of the terms in the sources5, as well as to the logical connections of the mentioned concepts. The article analyzes only those generic terms, whose hyperonyms, i.e. related terms, were found in the investigated sources. Pagrindinė tiriamos mikrosistemos sąvoka – gyvenamasis namas – statybos liaudies terminijoje įvardijama dvidešimt septyniais įvairios kilmės sinoniminiais terminais6 – penkiolika lietuviškų, penkiais slaviškais, penkiais germaniškais ir dviem hibridiniais, pvz.: butas „gyvenamasis namas, troba, pirkia“ LKŽe, LKA I 34, gyvenamoji „gyvenamasis namas“ LKA I 34, namas „gyvenamasis trobesys“ LKŽe, LKA I 34, pirkia „gyvenamas (ppr. valstiečio) namas, troba, gryčia“ LKŽe, DrskŽ 265, LKA I 34, troba „gyvenamasis namas, pirkia“ LKŽe, DrskŽ 419, LKA I 34, gryčia (brus. грыднiца) „pirkia, troba“ LKA I 34, LKŽe, KpŽ I 733, rūmas(germ. Sabaliauskas 1990: 265) „gyvenamasis namas“ LKŽe, ˣ7bakūžė(vok. dial. backhus) „pirkia“ LKŽe, ZanavŽ1 100, ˣstuba (vok. dial. stuba) „gyvenamasis (ppr. valstiečio) namas, pirkia, troba“ LKŽe, ZanavŽ3 198, ˣšeimynstubė (hibr., vok. dial. stubaLKŽe) „gyvenamasis 4 Privatyvinė opozicija yra toks dvinaris santykis, kurio vieną narį charakterizuoja tam tikro požymio buvimas, o kitą – to požymio nebuvimas (Jakaitienė 1988: 77). 5 In some cases, it is difficult to identify precisely all the distinctive features of the concepts referred to. Therefore, the interpretations of meanings given in dictionaries and the general and distinctive features of objects described therein are mainly taken into account. 6 All related terms denoting a residential house and its extension are mentioned in the article Synonymy of the folk terminology of a residential house and its main parts (Stunžinas 2010: 130–142). 7 The article is based on notes from the Lithuanian language dictionary – cross-marked foreign words. 144 R. Stunžinas | House of a residential house and its main parts“ LKA I | rūšiniailiaudiesterminai 34. The diversity of the expression of house can be explained by the development of the concept and regional differences8. Hyponymous relations are related species terms that record various characteristics of a residential building. Most generic terms denote distinctive features of value and quality. Twenty-one terms of different origins refer to poor, old houses: eight Lithuanian, six Slavic, one Latvian, one Germanic and five hybrids, e.g.: numpalaikiai "poor house" DūnŽ 224, pirtis "poor, poor dwelling house, hut" LKŽe, trobapalaikė "poor, poor troba" DūnŽ 406, LKŽe, trobesikė "poor, poor hut" ZanavŽ3 481, trobukas "poor house, buy, find" LKŽe, ZanavŽ3 481, balaganas (Russian: балаган Frenkelis 1962: 31) "poor house, troba" KpŽ 138, gryčia (Brus. грыднiца) "poor dwelling house" LKA I 34, ėkamurka (L. komórka, Russian: кaмopкa) "poor troba" LKŽe, ėmakūza (compare with German dial. backhus) "poor supported hut" LKŽe 735, ėkiaurinyčia (Hebrew) "poor hut" ZanavŽ1 673, pašiūrė (Hebrew, Sabaliauskas 1990: 265) "menka trobelė" LKŽe, DrskŽ 250, ėstubelka (Hebrew, German dial. stuba) "poor hut, buy, hut" LKŽe. Some generic terms, in addition to value and quality, also indicate additional – time, construction characteristics: laužas „old, crooked hut, hut” in LKŽe, laužynas „crooked, old or abandoned cottages” LzŽ 141, lūšna „small, crumbling hut” KzRŽ I 468, ėkalupka (l. chałupa) „hut, hut” in LKŽe, ėkūtė (German Kote Sabaliauskas 1970: 38) „old, poor hut; pirkelė“ LKŽe, ˣbakūžė(vok. dial. backhus) „sena prasta pirkia, lūšna“ LKŽe, grytelė (hibr., brus. грыднiцаLKA I 34) „maža, menka gryčia, gryčelė, pirkelė“ KpŽ 745. All the terms referring to a bad house have a similar meaning and are considered synonyms. Four synonymous non-Lithuanian terms – two Slavisms and two Germanisms (some of these terms also record additional characteristics – construction and size) – are used as the names of beautiful, high-quality houses: ąkamenyčia (l. kamienica) “brick, beautiful houses” LKŽe, KltŽ 98, ąpakajai (l. pokój LKŽe) “large, beautiful houses” ZanavŽ2 311, rūmas (German Sabaliauskas 1990: 265) “beautiful houses” LKA I 34, ųstubos (German dial. stuba LKŽe) “large, beautiful residential house” ZanavŽ3 199. 8 This article does not analyse terms by region of consumption. Folk terminology can be studied as a whole set of folk language terms, which is characterized by polysemancy and synonymy. Folk terms can also be examined in terms of dialect as a certain system of terms (see Klepikova 1974: 31). The analysis of the spread of terms is the objective of further research. 145Terminology | 2011 | 18 There are somewhat fewer groups of general terms denoting residential houses. The mill house is referred to by five konstrukcijos požymius. Pagal statomąją medžiagą skirtinos dvi rūšinių synonymous terms – four Lithuanian and one Slavic: krėstinė „clay-clad hut“ in LKŽ, lipinė „slipdyta iš ko pirkelė“ in LKŽ, molinalė „clay-drawn meager hut, millhouse“ in LKŽ, plūktinis „clay-clad building“ in LKŽ, aulepenka (l. lepianka) „clay-clad cottage“ in LKŽ. The brick house is called by two Slavisms and two hybrids: mūras (l. mur, german dial. mûr) "brick building" in LKŽe, DrskŽ 217, KzRŽ I 523, LzŽ 169, ZanavŽ2 221, akkaminyčia (l. kamienica) "brick, otherwise beautiful houses" in LKŽe, DrskŽ 135, mūrinė (l. mur, german dial. mûr) "brick building" in LKŽe, DrskŽ 218, ėakmenyčia (l., suffix -yčia from sl. 2000. pp. 66. "Stone, Brick Houses" in LKŽ. The house is also named according to other structural characteristics. Smoky house is referred to by four synonymous Lithuanian terms: dūminė "residential house without chimney" in LKŽ, pakurtrobė "dūminė pirkia" in LKŽ, pirtikė "dūminė pirkia" in LKŽ, rūkynė "dūminė pirkia" in LKŽ. According to the available premises, the house is named by three terms – one Lithuanian, one Germanic and one hybrid: ilgnamis “house with two ends” ZanavŽ1 541, āsstuba (German dialect stuba LKŽe) “living house with one room and kitchen” LKA I 34, ūdilgastubė (Hybrid, German dialect stuba LKŽe) “two-end troba” ZanavŽ1 541. The two-sided house is called the Lithuanian term dvisienis "two-sided hut" in LKŽ. Several species terms record the characteristics of size. A small house is named by three synonyms – one Lithuanian, one Slavic and one hybrid: trobelė "small dwelling house" LKA I 34, gryčia (Brus. грыднiца) "small meager dwelling house" LKA I 34, grintelė (Brus., grыднiца) "small grinčia (gryčia), pirkelė, trobelė, grytelė" LKŽe. Large house is called by two synonyms – one Lithuanian and one Slavic: šlajus "large dwelling house" LKA I 34, ėsstadala (Brus. cтaдoлa, L. stodoła < German dialect Statoll, Stodoll) "large troba" LKŽe. A medium-sized house is called a hybrid grichitsa (hib., brus. грыднiца) "medium-sized house". Two generic terms denote the characteristics of time – old house and newly built house are named in Lithuanian terms: centrobė „old troba“ in LKŽe, novatrobė „newly built house“ in ZanavŽ2 249. 146 R. Stunžinas | Residential house and its main parts | rūšiniailiaudiesterminai Terms denoting the premises of a residential house are related to the terms that designate it by parthonymic links. There are three synonymous terms naming any room in a house – two Lithuanian and one Slavic: patalpa “the inside of any cottage” in LKŽ, troba “a room in a building” in LKŽ, achtstuba (German dialect stuba) “a room fitted out inside a house” in LKŽ. These terms are associated by hyponymous links with terms that record various characteristics of the concept: purpose, construction, size, quality, location, etc. Most of these generic terms refer to the distinctive features of the intended use. Eleven species synonyms denote the living space, according to the origin these are six Lithuanian, two Slavic, two Germanic and one hybrid term: buta "room" in LKŽ, kampas "room" in LKŽ, KzRŽ I 315, LzŽ 105, patalpa "room" in LKŽ, pirkia "opened, equipped room in the house for people to live" in LKŽ, LKA I 34, troba "room" in LKŽ, LKA I 34, DūnŽ 406, ėkamara (l. komora < German Kammer) "room" in LKŽ, LzŽ 104, eststancija (l. stancja) "room" in LKŽ, kambarys (German Sabaliauskas 1990: 264) in LKŽ, ruimas (German dialect ruim) "room" in LKŽ, ėsstuba (German dialect stuba) "room" in LKŽ, ėšeimynstubė (Hebrew, German dialect stuba LKŽ) "room" in ZanavŽ3 258. Guest room is called by nine synonymous terms – four Lithuanian, four Slavic and one hybrid: didžeinė „big room“ in LKŽ, menė „living room, living room“ in LKŽ, pirkaitė „room for guests, living room“ in LKŽ, priešinė „at one end of the living room there is a better room, living room“ in LKŽ, DrskŽ 283, alkierius (l. alkierz) „room of a country house, ppr. LKŽe, įkamara (l. komora < german. Kammer) "guest room of a country house" LKŽe, ąpakajus (l. pokój ) "well-furnished room" LKŽe, KltŽ 197, LzŽ 181, ąseklyčia (brus. cвятлiцa, l. świetlica) "guest room, living room" LKŽe, DrskŽ 361, ųstubelė (hebr., german. dial. stuba) "good room, living room" LKŽe, ZanavŽ3 199. The bedroom is called the Slavic äkkamara (l. komora < German Kammer) "bedroom" in LKŽ. Three other terms – one Lithuanian and two Slavic – can be assigned to this group: pirkia “opened, furnished room in a house for people to live in” in LKŽe, alkierius (l. alkierz) “room in a country house, ppr. "The 34th Annual National Conference of the National Association of Rural and Urban Health Care Professionals (NARAS)" (PDF). www.naras.org.uk. The dormient character of these terms can be found in ethnographer's data- 147Terminologija | 2011 | 18 barys nimis: alkierius yra žemaičių, pirkia ir gryčia – aukštaičių miegamasis kam- (Butkevičius 1958: 159–161). The dining room is referred to by two synonymous terms – Lithuanian and hybrid: kantykla „valgomasis kambarys“ in LKŽ, eststalavinė (hibr., l. stołowy) „valgomasis kambarys“ in LKŽ. One Lithuanian and one Slavic term refers to a separate room for cooking: kuchnia „room with special equipment (oven, stove, etc.) for cooking food“ in LKŽ, ąkuknė (Brus. кyxня, l. kuchnia) „kitchen“ in LKŽ. Two hybrids have been found, naming unheated rooms: ėlaukinyčia (hibr., suffix -yčia from sl. -(ь)nica, Ambrazas 2000: 66) "cold room" in LKŽe, įšaltinyčia (Hebrew) "cold room" in LKŽe. Here you can see the distinctive features of the design. The characteristics of the size of the rooms are recorded by two synonymous species terms – one Slavic and one hybrid: įkkatukas (Brus. кoтyx, l. kotuch) “small room” in LKŽe, ųstubelė (Hybr., German dialect stuba) “smaller room” in LKŽe, ZanavŽ3 199. Hyponyms of these terms are terms with additional characteristics. Four synonymous terms – one Slavism and three hybrids – indicate the characteristics of size and location: ėpečkamarė (Sl., russian: пeч, lt. komora < German: Kammer) "room at the back of the house" in LKŽ, ėužkakalė (Hebrew, German: Kachel) "room behind the kachel" in LKŽ, ėužpečinė (Hebrew, russian: пeч) "small room behind the old-fashioned stove" in LKŽ, ėužpečkis (Hebrew, russian: пeч) "room at the back of the house" in LKŽ. The size and construction features are indicated by the Slavic word ňkamurka (Lt. komórka, Russian кaмopкa) "small dark room" in LKŽ. It is characterized by its small size and low density (about 100 kg/m3) and its low density (about 100 kg/m3). The size of the rooms is related to the purpose – usually small rooms are used for storing things, sleeping. There are many terms for such premises in popular terminology. These general terms record the characteristics of purpose and size. First of all, seven synonymous names of storage rooms are mentioned – four Lithuanian, two Slavic and one hybrid: langinė „not a large room at the other end of the house, opposite” in LKŽe, pirtikė „room for storing various food products and objects, chamber, counterpart, mill” in LKŽe, priešakinė „front of the peasant’s house, chamber” in LKŽe, opposite „room for storing, chamber” in LKŽe, ėkamara (l. komora < German Kammer) „room of the peasant’s house for storing various products and objects”, indauja, sandėlis“ in LKŽe, DrskŽ 134, KzRŽ I, ZanavŽ1 604, 148 R. Stunžinas | Residential house and its main parts | rūšiniailiaudiesterminai ˣšpižarnia(l. śpiźarnia) „sandėliukas“ LKŽe, ˣbutkamarė (hibr., l. komora < vok. Kammer) „gyvenamojo namo kamara“ LKŽe. The term shutter also indicates a location. In the investigated sources, more similar storage premises terms were found, which record additional quality or local characteristics. Seven synonymous terms are mentioned – five Lithuanian, one Slavic and one hybrid: dūminė „poor room, pantry for storing food“ in LKŽ, menė „chamber, storeroom opposite“ in LKŽ, pirkaitė „room at the other end of the shop for storing food products, potatoes“ in LKŽ, LzŽ 195, šalinė „chamber, room next to the shop, side“ in LKŽ, šoninė „small room, room at the side of another room“ in LKŽ, ąbakšė (abbreviation of bakūžė, Frenkelis 1962: 30) „worse room for sleeping or for someone to help“ in LKŽ, ėužkuknė (Hebrew, russian кyxня, Lithuanian kuchnia) „small room behind the kitchen“ in LKŽ. One Slavic term captures the characteristics of quality and purpose: ąbakava (l. bokówka Frenkelis 1962: 30) “a worse house room for cooking, sleeping, helping” in LKŽ. The hyponyms for the listed terms are three hybrids, denoting also features of purpose: ųfuterka (Hebrew) "chamber for mercenaries to lie" KzRŽ I 200, ųmėskamarė (Hebrew, l. komora < German Kammer) "room for storing meat" ZanavŽ2 163, ėpienstubė (Hebrew, German dialect stuba) "room for storing milk and dairy products" ZanavŽ2 385. A large group of specific terms refers to the pre-room – a transitional room at the entrance to the living rooms. The group of these generic terms consists of twenty-seven synonyms – eighteen Lithuanian, three Slavic, six hybrid: butas „priemenė“ LKA I 39, butukas9 LKŽe, LKA I 39, namas LKŽe, nameliokas LKA I 39, namelis LKŽe, LKA I 39, pirtikė LKŽe, prieangis LKŽe, LKA I 38, prieangiukas LKA I 38, priebutis LKŽe, LKA I 39, prieduris LKŽe, priekinė LKŽe, priemenė LKŽe, KltŽ 228, ZanavŽ2 471, priemenyna LKŽe, priemnelė LKA I 38, priešinė LKŽe, priešininkis LKŽe, prieškambaris LKA I 39, prynumis LKA I 39, ūdbūda (brus. бyдa, l. buda) LKŽe, koridorius10 LKA I 39, ėprieseklyčė (hibr., brus. cвятлiцa, l. świetlica LKŽe) LKŽe, LZŽ 233, ėpriesienis (hibr., l. sień) LKŽe, LZŽ I 38, ėpriesieniukė (hibr., l. sień) 9 In the Lithuanian language atlases all these terms are presented as synonyms of priemena, so the interpretations of the meanings are not repeated further. 10 Prancūziškos kilmės koridorius(pranc. corridor Interleksis 2003) į lietuvių kalbą veikiausiai pateko per Slavic languages. 149Terminologija | 2011 | 18 LKŽ X 675, ąpriestubis (hebr., german dial. stuba) LKA I 39, prygonkis (hebr., l. ganek, german Gang) LKA I 39, ėssienelis (hebr., l. sień) LKŽe, LKA I 39. Čia reikėtų įžvelgti vietos ir paskirties požymius. Su išvardytais terminais hiponiminiu santykiu yra susijęs hibridinis terminas, fiksuojantis konstrukcijos ir paskirties požymius, kuolešinė (hibr., plg. l. kaloszLKŽe) „nešildoma patalpėlė prietroby svečiams nusirengti“ ZanavŽ1 807. Atskirai minėtinas lietuviškas terminas, pavadinantis koridorių, tarpsienis „perėjimas tarp dviejų sienų, koridorius“ LKŽe. Nemažą grupę sudaro rūšiniai terminai, įvardijantys patalpas pagal vietą. Gyvenamojo namo patalpos po stogu iš viso vadinamos dvidešimt vienu nevienodos kilmės sinoniminiu terminu – keturiolika lietuviškų, trimis slaviškais ir keturiais hibridiniais: antlubė „vieta ant lubų“ LKŽe, aukštas „vieta ant lubų, antlubis“ LKŽe, KpŽ 99, aukštis „aukštas, viršus“ LKŽe, DūnŽ 37, kampas„aukštas“ DrskŽ 135,krautė „patalpos ant lubų, aukštas“ LKŽe, lubos „vieta ant lubų, aukštas“ LKŽe, pakreklys „aukštas, antlubis“ LKŽe, papalėpė „vieta po namo stogu, pastogė“ LKŽe, pariestinis „namo dalis tarp stogo ir lubų, palėpė, papastogė“ LKŽe, pastogė „vieta po stogu, stogu dengto pastato vidus“ LKŽe, pastoginė „vieta po stogu, stogu dengto pastato vidus“ LKŽe, pašelmenė „vieta po šelmeniu, kraigu, pakraigė“ LKŽe, užlos „pirkios aukštas“ LKŽe, viršus „vieta ant lubų, antlubis, aukštas“ LKŽe, DūnŽ 443, ˣetažas (rus. этаж RLKŽ 2003: 909) „aukštas“ LzŽ 73, ˣsalka (l. salka) „kambarys po stogu“ LKŽe, DrskŽ 315, ˣviškos (brus. вышкi) „patalpa ant trobos lubų, aukštas“ LKŽe, antgrytis (hibr., brus. грыднiца) „vieta ant gryčios, aukštas“ LKŽe, priegrytis (hibr., brus. грыднiца) „tokia kamarėlė ant gryčios aukšto“ LKŽe, ˣstogstubė (hibr., vok. dial. stuba) „kambarys pastogėje“ LKŽe, viršugrytis (hibr., brus. грыднiца) „gryčios aukštas, pastogė, viršus“ LKŽe. The room under the house is referred to by three synonymous terms – two Lithuanian and one Slavic: pogrindis „kerys“ in LKŽ, kerys „patalpa po namu“ in LKŽ, ųsklepas (l. sklep) „kerys“ in LKŽ, DrskŽ 331, KltŽ 277, LzŽ237, ZanavŽ3 85. Terms that refer to parts of a house – outbuildings and structures – are also related to terms that refer to a residential house through parthonymic links. The largest group of terms is the one denoting residential premises, which consists of twenty-six synonymous terms: twelve Lithuanian, four Slavic, one Latvian, one English and eight hybrid terms, e.g. : 150 R. Stunžinas | The apartment of the residential house and its main | rūšiniailiaudiesterminai parts „priebutis“ LKA I 39, annex LKA I 39, porch LKŽe, LKA I 39, porch LKA I 40, gonkas (l. ganek, german Gang) LKŽe, KpŽ I 703, LzŽ 83, LKA I 39, ąsienius (l. sień) LKŽe, LKA I 40, porūzis (la. puōrūzis) LKA I 40, veranda (angl. hind Interleksis 2003) LKŽe, LKA I 40, ZanavŽ3 627, gonkelė (hebr., l. ganek, german Gang) LKA I 39, ėpriesienis (hibr., l. sień) LKA I 40, ėprisieniukas (hibr., l. sień) LKA I 40. All of these terms are related, and five Slavisms and three hybrids indicating the characteristics of the construction or location of the annex are considered to be species: gonkos (l. ganek, German Gang LKŽe) "annex with glass walls" LKA I 39, gonkos (sl.) "closed with windows annex" LKA I 39, gonkos (sl.) "without windows, open annex" LKA I 40, gonkai (sl.) "more ornate, glazed annex" LKA I 39, ėsienius (l. sień) "annex from the bad side of the house" LKŽe, LKA I 40, gonkelės (hebr.) "without windows, open annex" LKA I 39, gonkelis (hebr.) "without windows, open annex" LKA I 39, ąprisiednis (hebr.) "beautiful, large-windowed annex" LKA I 40. In the group of names of residential building structures, three related synonymous terms referring to the lower part of the building are first mentioned, according to origin – one Lithuanian, one Slavic and one hybrid: pamatas „the lower part of the building“ in LKŽe, LKA I 35, fundamentas (cf. kundamentas from russian хундамент, Frenkelis 1962: 305) „fundament“ in LKA I 35, KzRŽ I 200, pamūra (hebr., l. mur) „fundament“ in LKŽe, LKA I 35. All these terms are also used to designate the general concept of a masonry foundation (LKA I 1977: 35–36). Wooden floors11 are represented by six synonymous terms – three Lithuanian, two Slavic and one Latvian: asla „floor“ LKA I 36, KpŽ 73, grindys „plankų klojinys“ LKA I 37, KzRŽ 1 255, KpŽ 742, ZanavŽ1 507, paklotė „floor“ LKA I 38, ėpadlaga (l. podłoga, brus. пaдлoгa) „floor“ LKŽe, LKA I 37, ZanavŽ2 302, ėpamastas (l. pomost) „floor“ LKŽe, LKA I 38, ėparlagas (la. pārlags, plg. rus. пepeлoг) „floor“ LKŽe, LKA I 38. In the genus name there are two synonymous Lithuanian terms, fixing quality and locality characteristics: juodgrindės „poor, lower floors“ ZanavŽ1 576, pagrindas „poor, lower floors, juodgrindės“ LKŽe. The opening of the wall for light entry is called the Lithuanian term langas LKŽe, DrskŽ 184, KltŽ 136, KzRŽ I 426, LzŽ 139. The 11 terms referring to wooden floors or plywood floors can be considered hyponyms of the flooring term. mais. Tiriamuose šaltiniuose nepavyko aptikti bendro grindinio pavadinimo, todėl apie šių terminų rūšį