Словообразовательное калькирование как способ образования современных литовских физико-технических терминов

SOCSLO TALBOS KULTGROS IR TERMINOLOGICHE PROBLEMI LIETUVIY KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XXIV(1985) AEJIE KAYJIAKEHE CJHOOBOOBPA3OBATE- JIBHOE KAJIBKHPOBAHHE KAK CNOCOB OBPAZOBAHHA COBPEMEHHDIX JIMTOBCKUX ®H3HMH-TEXYECKHX TEPHOB 1. Beogup e 3ameyanua 1.1. Co nacho y Bepaxqe- nuam uccaeqoBa- eme pyccKoH meKkcuKoao nH (B. M. Tepu6aca, JI. Tl. Eppemopa, B. B. MUsanopa, K. Oaexenm eiina, H. M. UWlancxo o, j . H. Uimenepa u ap.) KanbKupoBanne 9To He MexaHHyecKOe KOUMPOBaHHe, a WH TBOYCCKMOUec- c, OT MppaxalouiHii B cBOeM pesyubTa B B TOM HHO MepeOOeHHOC- TH Kak CBOE, HM Tak 4yxO KO a3bika. 06umpa30M, B HTO e KabKHPOBaHHA AWTOBCKad JeKcHKa (B TOM 4Je HTOBCKad (bH3HKO-TexHW- 4ecKaaMH TepHONO HA) OOo alllae ca HOBBIMH A@KCHYCCKUMH HMAHTHUCCKH CC CAHHHHUAMH, a B OTACABHEIXYaY- aYAX HHBMHBI COBOOGPA3s0H- ALH HOBI MOBATHHHH. OWHakO CUHTaTh KadbKHpPOBaHH OJHHM H3 OCHOBHBIX CpeCTB OOo allleHua CMOBAaPA MHTOBCKOTO A3bIKAa BCe 2Ke Hemp3aa. CaeqoBaTeAbHO, Mpo ecc KaubKUPOBaHUA H e o pesyubTaT KaJIbKH B AMTOBCKOM ASbIKe WedecooOpa3s- Ho OWeHHBaTb Kak ABH OTHe,JeYacTH aKTH3Hpylollee HEKOTOPble JIeKCH¥eCKHeC- eMa HMTHYeCKHe3M- OXxKHOCBO JMTOBCKO O O- THO A3bIKa. IIpu kambKHpOBaHHA AHTOBCKHX (*H3HKO-TeXHH4- eCKUX TeEPMHHOB 3aHMCTBYeTCA CNOBOOOPAas0- BaTebHaA HIM CeMaHTH¥eCKaH MOTHBUPOBaHH- OC HHOBASBIYHOTO TEPHA, a CTPOHAbBaHBI MaTEPHAD (3BYBYKHH, adduMH KHH,KH HCl0) NOpHBaeKaeTCa 3TO AHBCTO A3bTeKaI 1.2. IloaTOMy WeecoobpasHo C4HTaTb, UTO TEPMHHI-KaIbKH 3aHMAIOT MpOMexKYTOUH- Oe NOMOReMHHHe _HCKOHHO JIHTOBCKOM MH 3aMMCTBOBaHH- OM (U3HKOHU-TeXH- HeCKON TepHOK-We CHKOH. 1.3, CyniHocTh KaqbKHpOBaHHA COCTOHT B TOM, 4YTO OHO TOXTECTBCHHE- IMH WIM ONH3KHMH ASHIKOBBIMH CPeACTBaMH BOCIIPOH3BOAHT MOTHBHPOBaH- HOCTD, CTTypyKTa, a TEM CaMbIM H COJxKHKaHe KalbKHpyemo o O.BeOK C emenb TOYHOCTH H a eKBaTHOCTH Nepeaun KabKUpyeMo o OObeKTa MPH 9TOM 3aBHCHT OT CTPyKTYPbl H C€CMaHTHKA COB OOOHKOX A3BIB. BHTOBCKOH usHKO-TeEXHH4- eCKOH TePMHHOMeKC- HKe BCTPeyaloTca Ciesyiollwe FpyNMbMbl KaseK: CNOBOOOpasoB- aTeHble, CeMaHTHYECK- He, Ppaseomo uye- ckue, cocTaHEBle. CTeMeHH aeKBaTHOCTH H TOUHOCTH K KaIbKHpyeMOMy OObeKTY aHHble pynTIbl KANeCK elle MOXKHO PasqeHTb Ha NOATpPynMBl. 67 1.4. B yannoli c a be Ha G6ase TPeX COBP€MeCHHBIX TepmMuHOmO MuecKHx cuopapei : Rusy-lie u iy kalby poli echninis zodynas (1959) — Pyccxo- JHTOBCKHH MOJHTeXHHYeCKH cuOBaph, Rusy-lie u iy-angly kalby skaié Technikos e my zodynas (1971) — Pyccko-an oscko-an aniicKni TepMHHOO HYeCKHi COBapb 0 BYLIHCAMTeMbHOM TeXHUKe H Fisicos e mini- ny Zodynas (1979) — Cnopapp usnyeckux TEPMHHOB (JHTOBCKO-pyccKo- aHTJO-HeMelKKHe TepMuuHBI) 4 npegma ae ca Gonee TOoApo6uoe ucceqOBaHHe TOMbKO OHO pymmbl KaneK T. e, CNOBOOPasOBaTebHLIX, KOTOPHIe co- CTaBAIOT OKONO 60% Bcex Kazex, NIPHBeACHHBIX B JaHbIX COBapsx. O6b- COMKT HCCJICAOBaHHA ABIAIOTCA KAbKH-CYUCCTBHTebHBIC 1 KaJIbKH-IIpusia- aTebHble. 2. A anus caoBoo6pasopaTeabHEIx KaseK 2.1. C osoo6pasona embHoe KaJIbKHpOBaHHe — JBycTOpoHHee aABNeHHe: Cc OAHOH CTOpOHEI O6pa lenHoe K cBoemy O6beKTY, 110 OTHOUIeHHIO K KOTOpOMy OHO TipeAcTaBuneT Cobol NepeBog, a c Apy ol c opons — xk cBOeMy pe3ysb- TaTy, NO OTHOIJeHHIO K KOTOpOMy OHO npescTaBaAeT coboi CJIOBOO6pasoBa- Hue. Takum O6pa3som, gua KiaccnukallHH CAOBOOOpas0BaTeMbHBIX KaweK Weecoo6pa3sHo cchlaTEca Ha Ba KaccuukalHOuHEIX mpHununa: oTHO- 1) WmeHHe KaJIbKH K KaJIbKUpyeMoMy OObeKTy u 2) OTHOLMIeHHe KaubKH K CO- OTBETCTBYIOULEMY COBY AHTOBCKO O A3bIKa. 2.1.1. To o Homenuwo x KaJIbKHpyeMOMy OObeKTy cOBOOOpas0BaTeAbHbIe KaIbKH MOXKHO PaseTHTb Ha CylollMe NOATpynnblie : TOUHBIe H HeTOUHEIE (0 ceMaHTuKe), aqeKBaTHbIe H HeKayeBaTHEIe (lo cno0B006pasoBanuio), Koc- BeHBI€ H HeMOCpeACTBeHHbIe (Mo npoHcxomyZeHHIO). Ouenb yacTo nox Tep- MHHAaMU TOWHAA KAAbKa UW HeTOUHAA KAKA NOMpasyMeBalOTCA CTpyKTyPHO aMeKBaTHble HH CTPYKTYPHO HeasleKBaTHble COBOOOpasOBaTeAbHble Ka Ibku*. TepHaMHMH TOWNaA KanbKA UM HETOUNAA KaoKA Ilelecoo6pa3Ho HMeHO- BaTb TOJIbKO CCMaHTHYCCKH TOUHIe H CCMaHTHYECKH HeTOUHBIe KaJbKu. B cBa- 3H C TEM, 4TO B JaHOM C4ae peubily HET 06 UTHYNOCTHACH HH HEHTHIHO-He CTH KaJIbKH KaJIbKUpyeMOMy O'beEKTY cnoco6y TO cnoBoobpasoBaHua, TakHe NOAPPYIlbl Ka lek Wemecoo6pasHee HMCHOBaTb AOeKeaTHOIMU KaAbKaMU H HeadeKGATHOLMU KAAbKAMU. 4 CM. cnucox coxpan - enni . ?Cm. : Baxuna H. HW. Pyccxne xanpxu B KIHPHSCKOM JIHTepaTypHoM s3bIKe. Yu. san. Kup . 2Kenc. neg. nH- a um. B. B, Masxoscxo o, Cep. uson. nayx, 1963, Bem. 7, c. 5; Bapnesusan A. K. @pannysckne sexcuyeckne SaHMCTBOBaHHA HM KalbKH B SallaqHOapMAHCKOM JInTepaTypHOM asbike. (Ha Ma epHasie nepesogos mpouspexenni B. Ti0 o): Ap oped. quc. ... Kany. (puion. Hayx. Epesan, 1975, c. 21; Tepu6ac B. M. O sammc sopannn mM KasbKupoBanHH mpoM3BoO_HEIx cnoB B PYCCKOM s3bIKe (Ha MaTepHase MpHcTaBouno-cypuKkcabunix cyllecTBuTembHEX). B KH: S amono wueckue HCCIeqOBaHus lo pycckomy aspiky. M., pum. 1972, 7, c, 72; Hapkesuy H. @, Kadbkupopanune copa PyCcko o MpoOHCxo*KTeHNA B COBPEMEHHOM HeMeLKOM A3biKe: Ap oped. auc. ... Kany. buson. Hayk. Kues, 1978, c. 17; Ocuops TeOpuM JeCHYeCKO O KabKHpOBaHuA: Yu, nocobue. Anma-A a: Wag-no KasI'Y, 1974, c. 103. 68 HenocAcpeTBeHB- IMH CYHTalOTCA TaKHe KasIbKH, KOTOpPble HelocpescTBeHHO KajibKHPOHbI C Apy o o A3bIKa, Halp., c pyccko o (Hedo2ue[…]nep i- epyla (PJITIC 22 1973), naameysosu ena- es[…]liepsnogaudis (PJITIC 283)), c Hemeuxo o (Neusilbe […]) Ubjadab is (PJITIC 22 274, TCBT 185)), campmuixo o (subsequence[…]p- osekis (BTTC), sky-pe […]Jango - aiz (PJITIC 222)). a Onnaxo yc aHOBJCHHE KOCBCHHBIX KaJIeK ABIACTCA YaCTO 3aTPYAHHTebHBI- M, MOCKOJIbKy MHOPHBOXBY CJAAAX PyCCKHli KaMaBKHMbyePILI OOBEKTJ KaKleK, IPHBeACHHBIX BTO SHBCKHX (PH3KOH-TEXHHH- YCCHKTH COBAPAX, HMECOT COBXCTBHA aHasO H4HOM CTPyTHI HAPHKOMH BaxHHX A3bIKYP (aH MKOMLIC, HeMeKILOM, db Hanpy p), Hanp. : semidlaidininkis (PJINIC 305, COT 238, TCBT 202)<pyc. noaynpoeodxux||a- n a. semiconduc o ||p- panu. semiconduc o , p ieSs ip in u is (TCBT 333)<pyc. npcuaedyu e o||H- em. Vo e s a ke wT. J[anuble KabKH MO yT ObITh KaK HeMOcpescTBeH- HbIe c pyccKo o, aH sHiicKo o, HeMeI[Ko o HM paHMy3cKO O ASbIKOB, TaK H KOCBeHHBIe, 10- 0. MaBlIMe B JMTOBCKY1O (PH3HKO-TeXHHYECKYyIO TEPMHHOJOFHIO Yepes NOCpeAHHK, T. €. pycckHi a3bIkK. CneqoBaTeabHO, B 1aHHOM CJ¥lyae HEMOCpeACTBeHHOCTh HW KOCBCHHOCTb TaKHX KaJI€K ABJIAIOTCA PCATHBHEIMH. 2.1.2. Tlo o HomenH o K COOTBeETCTBYIONLE- MY COBY JHTOBCKOTO A3bI HIKaI0BOOOpasOBaTeVi- BHble KaJIbKH Pa3eJeHbl Ha PeaJBHble H Pe/JATHBHBIC, CJ wHLyKTH. IHLMH TepHOM UNOYKT TlOApa3syMeBaIOTCA TaKHe HEOJIO H3MBI, KOTOpble 10 OTHOMIeCHHIO K KasIbKUpyeMOMY OObEKTY MOXKHO CUNTATb KabKa, a M10 OTHOWICTHIO K€ COBY COOTBETIOINEMY COBY JHTOBCKOTO S3bKAI lIpoHs3BOAHMMBI COMHBa. B pynlly TakKHX HHAYKTOB BKIOeHHI: 1) TepMHHBI, c10BOOOpasoBaTeAbHb- le MOATHII KOTOPHIX cOBNaLaloT co cMOBOOOpasoBaTesbH- BI MOATHMAMH TepMHHOB Apy ux AsHIKOB (Hamp. : iSk au u as (PJITIC 344) <pye. pasepysa enel|nem. Auslade ||au n. discha ge , inia aukis (PJITIC 65)<-pyc. eeosdodép); 2) HeonO H3MBI, He HMEIOMIHe IPAMBIX COOT- BETCTBHM COBOOOpas0BaTeMbHBIX NOATHNOB B APYFHX A3bIKAaX, HO c10B000- PasOBaTeAbHbI aHaJIH3 KOTOPBIX KOCBeHHO yKa3bIBaeT Ha 9TH NOATAMbI (Hanp. : cuoBoo6pasoBa embHBIi HHAyKT a puma is wwyn, cp. CHO*KHYIO coBoobpasoBaTe bHy!0 KasbKy bangoma is<pyc. soaxomep|lau a. wa eme e |jue- m. Wellenmesse u 1. 0. ). 2.2. Ha ocuope cnoco6a o6pa30BaH- HaA COBOOOpas- 0BaTebHble KasbKH pas eneHbl Ha peuKcambH- ble, cyPuKcabH- ble, PAeCKTHB- HBIe H COXKHBIe. 2.2.1. Tipebuxcan- buble cnoBpoo6p- a3s0BaTeb- Hble KaJIbKH B JIHTOBCK- OM cu3HKO-Te- XHHYeECK- OH TEPMHHOM- eKCHKe Yalllee o yno BCTpesioO- sTCA co cemyloWH- MH mpedukca- mu: an -, cp. pyc. na0-, ceepx-, HeM. iibe -, aH a. supe -, o e -(an sl- égis (PJITIC 371)<pyc. ceepxdaea- zenuellan a. supe p es- su e, an s o is (PJITIC 372, COT 15, TCBT 260)<pyc. ceepx ox||- an a. o e cu e- n ||luem. Ube s om- ); non-, cp. pyc. He-, Hem. nich -, au a. non-, un-(nelaidini- nkas (PJITIC 224, COT 197)<pyc. nenposodu- ux||nem. Nich lei e , nesa aeigé [ba za] (PJIIIC 23)<-pyc. necamoxod- xnan [6apxa]); pa-, po-, cp. pyc. nod-, non. un e -, au a. sub-(papak- opé (PJIIIC 297)<pyc. nodeTynex- oK, pojuos is 69 (COT 224) pye. nodnoaocal| au a. subband||uem. Unle ban- d); po-, cp. pyc, nocae-, au a. aj e - (picaigdis (COT pyc. 229) noc eu306 paoenuellau n. aj e image, po eiksmis (PJITIC 309, COT 229) — pyc. nocaede ic eue||au n. aj e -ej ec ); p ies.-, cp. pyc. npo ueo-, nped-, HeM. gegen-, o -, au a. coun e - (Sp ies o é (PJITIC 331, TCBT 219) <pyc. npo ueo ox ||Hem. Gegens émung, p iess ip in u is (TCBT 333) pyc. npcuaedyu e ol|uem. Vo e s a ke ). Ilpepuxcanpusie KanpKu COCTaBJIAIOT 9% o Bcex ClOBOOOpasoBaTeNbHLIX KaseK, MPHBCACHHBIX B JMTOBCKUX (pu- SHKO-TexXHMYeCKHX cOBapax. Yc anosu eno, 4To Ipe@ukcabube cOB006PasOBaT- eIbHble KaJIbKH Yale Bce o oOpasobanel o cyduKcanpunix nepu- BaTos (Hanp., nelaidininkas, po eiksmis, p ieSs ip in u is) . Cnejopa enp- HO, KaJIbKHpoOBaHue ykpenaseT cKNOHHOCTD JMTOBCKHX m1peHKcabHBIx HCOMOPH3MOB ONMpaTbea Ha cyulecTBUTeABHBIE ¢ MPOH3BOHOH OCHOBO:. Kaapku c npuc asKo p ie§-, cp. pyc. NpoTuéo-, HeM. gegen-, nponyK- THBHEe MpouHX npeduKcapanx cloBoo6pasoBaTenbHBIx KaneK. Ax moxuo OOHapyXuTb TakxKe HB APyTHX TepMHHONO H4ecKHX cucTeMax, KaK Hamp. : p iesménulis (me eoposo us) <pyc. npoTusoazyxal|Hem. Gegenmond, p iessu emis (me eopono us) pyc. npoT usocymepxu u T. 1. TIpeduxcanpu ie CHOBOOOpasoBaTeIbHbIe KaJIbKH, IIPHBeeHHbIe B HTOB- CKHX (H3HKO-TexHHyecKHx CHOBAPAX, ABAAIOTCA YaYHbIMH H HOPMATHBHLI- MH. 2.2.2. B coppemenuo i JMTOBCKOH dH3HKO-TexHHYecKOl TePMHHONeKCHKe cypouxkcanbusie CIOBOOOpas0BaTeAbHble KaMbKU COCTABIAIOT 37,4% o pcex CAOBOOOpasoBaTeNbHBIX Kas eK. IIpH KONMpOBaHH CydpuKcambHBIx cNO0B006PasOBA- TeIbULIX KaleK Yallke Bce o ynoTpebsoTCH c eny oulue cyuxcsi: -imas, cp. PYC. enue, -aHue, HeM. -ung, au a. -ing, -ion (appiudicazione (PJITIC 229) <pyc. o6e00xenuell non. Bewdsse ung, janglinimas (PJITIC 222) pyc. Haye eponcueanuel|Hem, Du chkohlung); -inis, CP. -€, pyc. -xouii, -060 (bangolaidinis { esona o eus] (CT® 254, TCBT 254) pyc. eoano- 600ne1% [pesona op], i sga sinis [ elocis] (COT 104, TCBT 260) pyc. C6epx3eyxo6aa [cKopoc s]); - u as, CP. PyC. -Te1b, -HUK, -4UK, HeM. -e , au . -e , -o (iSk au u as (PJITIC 344) pyc. pasepysa eno|uem. Auslade - ||au a. discha ge , p un ua io (PJHIC 418, TCBT 3<10)pyc. coémxuk- llxem. Abnehme ); -ik is, Cp. Pyc. -Te26, -4uK, aHTa. -e , -o , Hem. -e (a sky iklis (TCBT 162) pyc. o deau eap, pe jungiklis (PJINC 271, COT 218, TCBT 182)<pyc. nepekA oua eno||uem. Umschal e ); -éjas, - ojas, cp. PYC. -TeN6, -4uK, AHI. -e , -O , HeM. -e ( u ilizza o e (TCBT 202) pyc. nos0¢a e o|lau- n, use , neséjas (TCBT 154) <pye. xocu easllau a. ca ie ||Hem, T age ); -umas, cp. pyc. -oc o, au n. -bili y, non. -kei , -hei (apdi bamu- mas (PJITIC pyc, 234) paba eieaemoc o||nem. 06 Bea bei ba kei , (p i) aikomum (TCBT 218)<pyc. npumensemoc ollau a. adap abili y). 2.2.2.1. CnoBoo6pasosa eanunie KaJIbKu C cyuKcom -imas yame pce o oOpasyio es npedbuKcanbuix oT Ta ooB. B nocneqHee spema p T exHuyue- cKOli TepMuHOeKCHKe nosBHOCh MHOFO COBOOOpasoBaTenbHBIX KaleK c 70 cyuKcom -imas, o6pas0MHBabIx OT ia ouoB, HMeIOULAX MPHCTaBKy NUu-, nanp. : nuplaucimen o (PJIIIC 230)<pyc. o6eseozawmueanue, nu iebinimas (PJITIC 230) <pye. o6esscupusanuel|nem. En e ung. Januble kanbKu ABIAjOTCH HeHOpMaTHBHLIMH. HeMaTHBHOCThHop TaKHX KaleK OOyCOBIMBaeTCA no60poM HeyZauHo o c0Ba Taa ojga c mpucTaBKol nu-. B pyccKoM a3bl- Ke ClOKHAA NpUcTaBKka O6e3-, CBOMCTBEHHaA TOMbKO MpedbuKcambHO-cyppuK- CaJlbHbIM Tla ouwaM, OOpasyeT ua oubl CO 3HaYeHHeM <JIMUIMTb 4e o-s., OCBOGOMUTb e o-J.2; OT OOesd0AUTb, O6esmUpUTo. DTO 3HaueHHE MIUNeHHE ye o-TO BHECeHO B Hee IpHCTaBKOi 6e3-, KOTOpad OOIMHO He CUMTAeTCA la-, TOJbHOH MpHcTaBKOM: OHa CyKHT [In OpasOBaHHA MpHMa aTe/bHbIxX H cyMleCTBHTeIbHLIX CO 3Ha eHHeM <HINeHHDI Ye o-TO>*. B HTOBCKOM A3bI- Ke C MPHCTaBKOl Nu- OpasoBaHbi a o/bl, a TaK%Ke OTIa oubHuble aOcTpak- Tb ¢ cyd@uKcom -imas, KoTopbie JaHO O 3Ha¥eHHA He uMeloT. Kak ia- TON, TAK WH OTTMa OMbHbIe aGcTpakTbl C MPHCTAaBKOH nuykKa3bIBal- oT oTmeneHue Ha (BbIeneHue) Ye o-To OT COBOKYNHOCTH, HanpaBeHHe AelicTBHA BH3 HJM Buladib C NOLepKUBAHHeM OKOHYaHHA STO O ATelicBuA HT. A+. Kpo- Me TO O, HEHOPMAaTHBHOCTb JIaHHBbIX KaJieK CBA3aHa Take CO CMbJeIM KaJIbKHp- oBaHHeM 9sTO O po a OTTMa oNbHbIX aOcTpakToB, Halip. : s uo amen o<- pyc. obeseoaueanue|luem. En wdsse ung u T. 0. CeqoBaTeabHo, mp ynOps o¥eHuu *USHKO-TeXHHYeCKOM TePMHHONOTH AaHble KaJbKH C cyuKcom -imas wenecoobpasHo 3aMeHUTb Oolee/ MpHeMAeMBIMA COOTBETCT- BHAMH. 2.2.2.2. Cybbuxcanbubie cOBooOpasoBaTeMbHble KaJIbKH-lIpHa aTedb- HbIe c cyduKcom -inis, -é o6pasyioTcA B OCHOBHOM OT CJIOXKHBIX KaJIeK-Cy- IeCTBHTeIbHBIX. J[aHHble MpHa aTeAbHble COOTBETCTBYIOT cOBOOOpasoBaT- CAbHHIM IpaBHsaM JIMTOBCKOTO S3bIKa, OHH ABAIOTCH HOPMATHBHBIMH H npuemaempimMa. B AHTOBCKOM (bH3HKO-TexHHYeCKOM TepMHHOMeKCHKe MWIMpO- Koe paciipoc paHeHHe NosyyHnH B TocweqHee BpeMA THMOCTasHble HMeHAa mpHsa a esbuble c cydduKcom -inis, -é. Takue umoc asuble o6pa30BaHua — KasIbKu-lipusia aTesbHble c cyduKcom -inis, -éua le Bce o o6paso0BaHbl copocoueTaHHi oT cyllecTBHTeMbHEIX c Mpedo amu be, po, p ies, i s, Hanp. : bep o a pinis [kabinimas] (PJIIIC 113)<pyc. 6essasopxoe [sanenaeu- nne], poislankiné [len a] (PJIIIC 95)<pyc. nodxpysicanonan [aocxka], p essoSske diminis [ga das] (PJITIC 105)<pyc. npOedyo inei [sa on], i sga s- inis [ elocis] (CT® 104,. TCBT 26<-pyc.0) ceepxseyxosaa [cKopoc - s] lau a. hype sonic||nem.. ibe schall u . 1. ORHaKO YaCTb AaHBIX Ka- Wek ABIAIOTCA HEHOpMaTHBHLIMH. HenopMaTHBHOCTh TaKHX KaJieK 3akJIIO¥ae - es B calegyiomem. Bo-nepBbix, HMeHa mpuua a enbuble, OOpasoBaHHble npea io a OT be HW UMeHM CyYlecTBUTeNbHOTO, OOpMaAIOTCA He MPH MOMONIH cydduxca -inis, -€, a pH NOMOWLM OKOHYAHHA -is. J,aHub ii c10B006pa30Ba- ? Poganosa T. C. K o6pasosanmw OTHMeHHEIX Tia odoB c mpHucTaBKol 063-e. xu. : B Bonpoce pamma uxn pyccKo o aspiKa. Tya a, 1974, c. 21. 4 Li uiy lingu g ama ikaV. : Min is, 1971, . 2, p. 279; Consigli di p a ica di lingua. V.: Scienza, 1976, p. 159. 71 TCJIbHBI NOATAN uMeH MPHa aTeIbHBX ABAseTCA NPOAYKTHBHEIM TakKxKe y B TepMHHOJo un, Hamp. : bebégis, Oespembcospiii, -é bekibi ks is, 6e3- -é HCKpoBoli (PJITIC 24—25), bega sin u is [ga siakalbis] Oespynopupii [ Ko pomopopu esns] » (PJITIC 76) u . 2. Caexosa eanuo, BBIleYNOMAHYTHIe CIOBOO6pasoBaTenbuLie KaJIbKH-IpHJla aTebHBIe, oOpasoBanubie npucoenune- HHeM lpeduo a be K uMeHn CYIL€CTBHTeBHOMY H OcbopMseHHEIE Opa nomMomu cypduxca -inis, -é, HYKaloTca B KOPpekTupoBanuu: bep o a pinis (=bep o a pis) [kabinimas] 0e33a30pHoe [sanennenue], a BMecTO beslégiminis (=beslégis) [ anden akis] OesHanopHE i [BoqoB0g] », NOCKOJIbKy B (pusH- KO-TeXHHYeCKOi TepHOMeKcuKeMu Coulee npuemaemEn ABIAeTCH TepH sléMUMHHOJI€KCHKe mpeoOnazaio CHOBOOOpasoBaTeNbHBIe KanbKu (yame uuayK- TH) ¢ cyhpukcamu - u as, -iklis, Cp. pyc. -Tene, -xuK, 4UK, JI. aH -e , -o , HEM. -€ , KOTOpbIe OOpazoBaHEI oT upeduxcanbunix aa onos. Taxaa TeHeH- WHA BO3HHK.a, TO-BHAMMOMY, BCJeACTBHe BAHHAHA TepMHHONO H Apy ux (oco6eHHO PYccKo o) s3bIkoB, Tax KaK B JIHTOBCKOM JHTepa ypHoOM s3BIKe MpeoOzazaio npoussogun e cnoBa C AaHbIMU cypduKcamu, na KOTOpbIX MOTHBUpyiollHe cioBa — HenpeduKca bHBe aa ouu , Boabumuc so cx opoOOpasoBaT- enbHEIX KaneK c cypuxcamu - u as, -iklis annso ea HOpMaTuB- HBIMH H MIpHeMJeMbIMH, 3a HCKJNOYCHHEM HEKOTOPHIX, TaKHX Kak: p aplau - u us ( = lau u as), CP. pyc. npomoea e c, a sky iklis (=sky iklis), cp. Pyc. in eceu e- u no mp. 2.2.2.4. B auToscKol (PHSHKO-TexHHUecKoy TEPMHHOJEKCHKe C10B006pa- SOTCIbaHbIC KaIbKH Cc cybuKcamu ~€jas, - ojas (cp. pyc. - ens, -4UK, au a. ~€ , -OF, HEM. -e ) 110 cBoemy sHaueHHio Gonee 61M3KH K HOCHTeIAM aa o b- Ho o mpu3Haka. Cuegosa eapuo, HeOAyIeBeHHBIM nmpeqmMeTam npHzae cs MepeHOCHoe sHayeHHe HocHTeng Ta ONbHO O MpHsHaka, cp. TaKxKe TexHH- 4Heeck TepMHHE abb ica amin oja, pyc. 3a600-npousgodu ens, abb ica e séja, pyc. 30600-saepasHuTeny y . A. O HakO H3-3a CemanTu4ecKoii ABOHCTBeEHHOCTH caOB cybpuxcom ¢ - e 65 B nu oscKoii (pusuko- Texunye- CKOH TepMHHOJeKcuKe pane B cayyaes oOHapyxuBaw cs HeHOpMaTHBHbIe cNOBOOOpasoBaTebHBe KaIbKH c cyppuxcamu -éjas, - ojas. Hexopma up- HOCTb NaHBIX KaJleK 3aKmOuae cH RB cmeRy ouyem. Bo-nepsbix, Henopma Tup- Kadec CONPAXKeHHOCTH KaJbKH y cooTBeTcTBy olle o eli cnoBa. Janne KAJIbKH ABISOTCA CTPyKTYpHO aneKBaTHMy cBOeMy KabKupyemomy o6b- °*Copoxun 10. Cc. Paspu ue CHOBapHOo o coc aBa Pyccko o HTepa ypHo o saasiKka B 3090-e co no XIX nexa. exTy, CeMaHTHYeCKN M.---JI. : Hayxa, 1965, c. 229. 72 HO HeTOUHLIMH, Hanp. : neséjas, cp. pyc. wocu eno, au a. ca ie , Hem. T age : iso opo neséjas® (COT 198)<pyc. wocu eas uso onall- an a. iso opic ca ie |Hem. Iso open ige , k ii io neséjas (COT 198)<pyc. xocu ens sapsdallau a. cha ge ca ie ||Hem, Ladungs ige . B TEPMHHOOTHYECKOM CIOBape NO BEIHCAHTeAbHOM TeXHUKe TIpHBeLeH WebIi PAN MaHbIx HOCUTesel: libe o neséjas (TCBT 154) <pyc. ceo6odnoiii nocu eno|lau- n. ee ca ie , p incipale neséjas (TCBT 154) <pyc. ocnoenoii Hocu TeAo||au a. majo i y ca ie , s o és neséjas (TCBT 154)<pyc. nocu- Te e Tokal|au n. cu en ca ie u . 1. Be3 comuenna, Lannp e TepMHHOMIO- THYCCKHE CJIOBOCOYETAHHA BOSHHKJH NOL BAMAHMeM aHanO HYHIx cmoBoCcoO- eTaHuii Apy ux s3bIKOB, cp. TaK%xKe pyc. 2a3-NoOCUTeAd U HeM. T age gas, pyc. pacop-xocu eas u nem é. T dge losung (HPC 738) u ap. Ceman uka aa ona nes i nec u w ceman uxa KaJIbku neséjas Hocu- TeIb>, KOTOPaH HMeHYeTCA TepMHHOMO HYeCKHM JecH HaToM, MIpOTHBOpeyaT Apy? Apy y, MOckoNbKy Nox AaHHo KasbKoi noApasymepae ca sHauenue <HanHune, Nepezaya>. C eqoBaTeibHo, 1a UMeHOBaHuA WaHHEIX nOHATHI WemecoobpasHo noxoOpaTh uHoe c0BO, uMeIOMee Ci colo Kopexb, noqo6Hoe TepmuHy k i ininkas, yno pe6semomy B usnyeckoii TEPMHHOJORTHH BMe- CTO HeTOYHOTO TepMuHa k i io neséjas HocuTe b 3>apaa. Bo-BToppix, He- HOPMATHBHOCTh COBOOOpasoBaTebHBIX KaeK C cydb@uKcamun -éjas, - ojas O6ycOBMBaeTCA HETOGHEIM yio peOeHHem camux cydduKcos-éjas, - ojas, Hanp. : pe eikéjas (TCBT 154)<pyc. nocu ene, au a. ca ie , b aizy ojas [au oma ico] (TCBT 371) <pyc. 4ep exHux [aBTOMaTHYeckuii], au a. designe u . 4. Jlawuble KanbKu npoTHBopeya CMOBOOOpasoBaTeAbHBIM 3aKO- HOMEPHOCTAM MPOHSBOAHEIX c cydduKcom -éjas, - ojas nuToBcKo o A3bIKa. B TepMHHOsO HH 2A HaMMEHOBaHHA NOMOGHEIX TipH6opos, MexaHu3MoB, a - TapaToB HT. 1. yno peOaioTca NepuBaTbI c Apy uMu cydduKcamu, KoTO- PbIe MOXKHO cheluHanHsHpoBaTh 7. 2.2.2.5. BoMHabiic Bo cnoBoo6pas0BaTeIbHBIX KaseK (a TakxKe HHZyKTOB) ¢ cyuKcom - o6umasopasopa- o no c paga enbHbIx npH acTu HacTosue o Benupem. OOpasopanue nepusa os c cydhuKcom - o numaspuyac ui Bo- OOIe B HTOBCKOM A3bIKe ABATCAKe HEOOHYHLIM sB eHHeM. Bce aOcTpakTbl AaHHOl pynnbl, Kak yKasbiBae ca paMMaTHUKe B <P wHTOBCKOTO ASbIKa, AB- MHOTCA HEONOTHSMAMH JIHTOBCKOTO MHTepaTypHOTO A3bIKa, KOTOpbIe alle Bce o ynoTpeOsloTcA B Tep®,HOsO HHMu CnenoBaTembHO, Takad TeHeHIHA NOKA3bIBaeT, YTO PyCCKaA TePMHHONOTHA aKTUBUSHPyeT OOPasOBaHHe AHTOB- CKHX TCPMHHOB — UMCH CYIL€CTBHTEJIbHBIX C CyduKCOM -uma, o6pasoBaH- © Tlog qaHHBIMH coc aBHEIMH TePMHHAMH He MOApasyMeBaloTcA COBOObpas0BaTeMbHHIE kKaabKH. O Hako OZUN WS KOMMOHeHTOB Takux TePMHHOB — neséjas HOCHTeIb> — aBasaeTca CNOBOOG6paszoBaTeAbHOH KaAbKoil, MOSTOMY aHaJIHSHpyeTca ee CeMaHTHKa. *Keinys S . P iesaginé lie u isky e miny da yba. Li u iu e minologija (Lie u iy kalbo y os domande), 1975, . 16, p. 24. ® Li uiy lingu g ammika V.: Min is, 1965, . 1, p. 307. 73 HBIX OT CTpaqaTeIbHbIX MpHYacTHi HacTOsMe o BpeMeHU H MMCIOWHX 3Ha- 4eHHe OTBeYeHHOFO NpH3Haka. 2.2.3. B cbusuKo- exuuyecknx CNOBAPAX (JICKTHBHBIX cOBOO6pa3so0Ba- TebHBIX Ka€JIK NPHBeACHO HemuO oO. IIponeHT aHHBIX KaweK cooTBeTCTByeT MpOueHTy mpeuKca bHBIX CMOBOOOPasOBaTeNbHBIX KaJeK, Tlockompxy u3-3a KpaTKOCTH H CTPyKTypHO NpocToTE leKTHBHBIe AepuBaTH ABIAIOTCA on- HHM H3 OCHOBHBIX H YJOHOBIX CpeAcTB NONOMHeHHA mHTOBCKOT TePMHHOWO- H ®, PeKTHBHBIC KaJIbKH B TePMHHOMOTHA TaKxKe MOFyT 6bITb HCHOWIb30OBa- HbI wupe. B aNTOBCKHX dusuKo-TexHHyecKUuX CNOBAPAX MIPHBOLATCA eK- THBHBI€ COBOOOPas0BaTeIbHbIe KabKU, OOPas0BaHHble co cnelyouluMa buekcuamu: -a (ac auca (PJITIC 236) pyc. o6 x0Ka, assunzione (PJITIC 315, COT 230, TCBT 209)<pyc. npeOnocelaka, nep iepyla (PJITIC 223) <— <pyc. xedoaue, p alaida (PJIMIC 330)<pyc. nponyck), -as (an s a as (PJITIC 212) pyc. xadc po ixalluem. Ube bau, ap epas (PJITIC 231) <pyc. o6masKa), -is (pe lékis (PJITIC 273)<pyc. npoxé , pox y is (PJITIC 310, CT 228, .TCBT 205) <pyc. nocaecese enue|lau a. a e glow, saskambis (PJIIIC 391, COT 268)<pyc. coseyauellau a. acco d||em. Acco d). B usuxko- exuwyeckux cnopapax coscem He IIPHBOAATCA OTBIMeHHBIe @.1eKTHBHBIe cOBOOOpasoBaTe buble KasbKH. Bce aHaJIM3HpyeMble (biek- THBHBI€ CIOBOOOPasoRaTeAbHBe KaJIbKH ABAAIOTCH OTTAa OAbHBIMU, CKMOH- HOCTb OOPasOBLIBATh TOKO OTTa ONbHBIe (bAeKTHBHIE cmoBoo6pa3oBa- TeIbHBIE KAJIbKH OOYCOBIMBAeTCH HECKONLKUMH TipudMHaMu. Bo-nepBLIx, B AHTOBCKOHMH TepHONO HH GOAbINMHCTBO GeKTUBHEIX JepHBaToB o6paso- BaHO OT a om0B*. Bo-BTopbHIx, Taka TeHJeHIMA OHAOpyxMBaeTCA TaKxe B cHOBooOpasoBaTesbHO! cHcTemMe pyccKo o s3bIKa, e HMeHa cymecTBH- TeJbHbIe C HyJeBbIM cypuKcom yale Bce o O6pas0BaHEl oT ma omoB !!. Beaecc sue s To o Oompuiag yacTh AMTOBCKHX OTTAaTOABHEIX (paeKTHBHBIX KaweK O6pasoBana 10 Ipepy pyccKo oHM A3bIKa. 2.2.3.J. Cnosoo6pasona enb ble KaJIbKH c dbileKcueli -a, IIPHBeAeCHHbIe B USHKO-TexHHYecKUX COBAPAX, UMeIOT MpeduKcB, Taka cKOHHOCTD TIpo- ABAACTCA KAK B JIMTOBCKOM JIMTepaTyPHOM S3bIKe, TaK H B PyCCKOM, KOTOpBI‘ B AauHOM Ciys4ae ABIAeTCH KabKUpyeMbIM OOKTOM. CooTBeTcTByiomHe CAOBa — la OJbl — HEKOTOPHIX CMOBOOGPasOBaTebHLIX KasleK c bseKcueli “4 uMeCIOT NO ABa UpeduKca (nep iepyla (PJIIIC 223)<pyc. nedoaue, nep ie a- nka (PJITIC 223)<-pyc. xedo6op), Cnosoobpasopa enbuble KasbKu c pekcneli -a uallle Bce o O6pasoBaH OT la om0B, HMeIOMHX cmeny oulne npe@uken: is-, a -, pe -, p a-, p i-. ‘ 2.2.3.2. CnopooOpasoBaTembHBIX KasleK Cc cbekcunei -as B PH3HKO-TexHH- 4CCKUX COBapAX UPHBEeHO TOpasAO MeHbINe, YeM COBOOGPasOBaTeAbHBIX Kamek ¢ @acKcueli -a. Henposyk upnocTs aHHbIx KaeK o6ycnoBaAuBaeTca, * Keinys S . Galiininé e miny da yba Socialinés ling is ikos p oblemos (Lie u iy kalbo y os ques ioni), 1979, . 19, p. 180. 10 Tam xe. ‘ Pycckas pamma uka. M.: Hayxa, 1980, 7. 1, c. 219. 74 10-BHAHMOMY, TEM, YTO B TEPMUHONOFHN BOOOLe U3 BCeX *pJEKTUBHEIX JepH- BaTOB MpeoONaa wo T AepuBa el ¢ Psekcueii -a. C opoo6pa30BaTebuble Kasib- Ku ¢ cbulekcuei -as umeio mpeduKcel. OOpasopanne AaHHEIX KameK BOOOIIE He MpOTHBOpeunT OOpasoBaHnio AHBaToOB c dleepKcueli -as AUTOBCKOTO JH- Tepa ypHo o ssbika. Tlox omy aHHble KabKH ABIAIOTCA IpHeMAeMBIMH H HOPMATUBHBIMH. 2.2.3.3. M3 Bcex QJKTHBHBIX COBOOOpasOBaTeIbHbIX KaeK, MpuBeeH- WbIX (BUSHKO-T- EXHHYCCKHX COBAX, MeHbIe BceX OOHapy2KeHO c0BO06pasOBaT- eNbHbIx KaneK c cbaeKcu- eli -isux [B Ba pasa MeHBIe, Yem cCzO- Loo6pasoBaTeAbHLIX KaeK c PleKcueli -as. CnopooSpasoBpaTembHble KabKH c buekcneli -is uMeloT Takxe npeduKcHl. Uac o Takada TeHeHUUA BOSHHKa- eT NO BAMAHHEM Apy ux A3bHIKOB. Hanp., cnoBooOpas0BaTebHble KaIbKH C aexcueli -is (pos y ispyc. nocaeceeu enuellan a. a e glow), ume oune mpeuKke po-, O6MaaiwT 3HayeHHeM, KOTOPOe HOLCTBCHHOECB NMOMOOHEIM Je- PHBaTaM JHTOBCKOTO A3bIKa HM ABHO CBAHO C peAMo amMu: pyccKHM Nocae, an aniickum a e — u ux 2KBABaIeHTAaMH BHTOBC- KOM AS3bIKe po, in segui o. : 2.2.4. Cnoxuble CAOBOOOpAas0BaTeMbHbIeJI- bKH-CYCTBTeIbHBIe COCTaBIAIOT JOBOADNO OOWIHPHY!O Noz pynmy Kamek (oKon0 28,6%) H3 Bcex, CHOBOOpaso6BaNbHbIX (Mukca bHbTeIx, cyKMecabHbIx, MUPHTHEIX, KAHDPu) Kasek. JnTO AHBCKOM CH3HKO-TeXHYeCOl TepMHHOMeKCHKH Xapak epuO HaMune JByxX BHAOB JaHHbIX KameK: 1) cnOxKHbIEC KabKH C ONOPHbIM KOMMONCHTOM -HOBO cyHTBecHTebHOTO H 2) COHAKbIe Ka IbKH €OPHE ON KOMMOHCHTOM TJla ouIbHO ocHOBOH. Han6onee npodyKTHBHbIMH ABJINIOTCA CHeyIOlHe CMOBOOOpas0BaTeIbHble CTPYKTYPbI COMKHBIX Ka€K-JICYILCTBHTCJIBHBIX: a) ajleKBaTHbIX KaJieK: HMA CYYILeCTBHTeMbHOe+HMHA cyleCcHTebHOeS+S, uma mpuna a enbHoe+uma cywlec /TebHoeA+SBu, uape4yue+uMa cyllecTTenbHOe+Suw uma cyllecTBenDbHOe+ s Aya oaS+VHT/Bu, uma mpuna a enbHoe+uma cywlec /TebHoeA+SBu, uape4yue+uMa cyllecTTenbHOe+Suw uma cylTBenDBHOe+ s Aya oaS+V. / / Jlanubie c pykTypbl KaweK COOTBeTCTBYIOT CeLyIONIUM cOBOOOpasoBaTeIbHbIM CTpyKTypaM KasbKupyemo o o6bex a:S+S/=/S+S pusbangé (PJITIC 304), cp. pyc. nozyeoaxa|lHem. Halbwelle||an a. hal -wa e, Sa aploks e (PJIIIC 32), cp. pyc. 6poxenau al|Hem. Panze pla e; A+ +S$/=/A+S/aukS ak osné (PJITIC 94), cp. nem. / Hocho en, naujasidab is (PJIMC 223), cp. nem. Neusilbe ; Ay+S/=/A:+S/daugias aklinink- as (PJITIC 199), cp. pyc. / aoeoc anownux; S+V/=/S+V/bangoma is (PJITIC 52, CHT 31, TCBT 29), cp. pyc. sozxomep||uem. Wellenmesse '?|| lan a. wa eme e , smélias aidis (PJIIIC 278), cp. pyc. neckome ; 2 Kaapku co caoBsoo6pasona enbHo cTpyKTypoii (S+V), onopHs ii KoMnoHeHT KoTO- PIXp -ma is, B aHTAHIICK- OM H HeMEIKOM A3bIKaX COOTBETC- TBYIOT C/IOKHBIM CYIeCTBH/- TebHbIM CO ClOBOOOpa- soBaTeIbH- OH cTpyKTypoi (S+S). Oguako B qaHHOM cayuae GOouee yesecooGp- asHo cpaBHuBa- TE cnoBOCOpa- sz0BaTeAb- HIe CTPYKTYP- bl KaJbKH H pyccKO o KaJbKUpye- Mo o OObeKTAa, NOCKOMbKy PYCCyCCK- Hi a3bIK ABAAe MOTCHHpe- AHCPOM HHKH HellocpezCTBeHHLIM o6beKTOM KONHPOBaBaANA KaIbKH. 75