Типы вариантов в терминологической лексике

MOKSLO KALBOS KULTUROS IR TERMINOLOGIJOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVIU KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XXIV(1985) TAJIMHA SEJIAKCOBHA BEINTOMBHO THI BHAHTOB B TEPHO HYECKOM JIEKCHKE OgHUM H3 BaJIXKHBIX BHZOB paOORTH B B OOOO1ACTH OJHOFH ABJIOCTCAODH NOHPO wekcukoo pad Tepuyeckoe ONMcaHHe OTebHBIX TePMHHOJO H4eCKHX CHc em. Ho uw B mpouecce oO les3bIKOBO O MeKCHKO paduyecko o ONHCaHMA B KaKOH-TO CTeNeHH yMOpAMOYMBaeTCA TEPMHHONOFHA, YTO 3aKMIOUAeTCA B KOT- Gope H BEIeneHuH Npexse Bce o HanGo ee ycTOH4HBLIX H yNOTPeOHTEMbHEIX (OpM TepMHHOB>. O a 3ajaya BHINOMHANACh COCTABUTeAMH TomKoso o ci10papa GenopyccKo o asbika1, Pyccko-GesopyccKo o cloBapA, XOTA B HCTOY- HHKH CIOBapeli He BKMOUaaCb Y3KOCHeWHabHad MTepa ypa. OcnosHol NpHHIHN TepMHHOJO HH, 3aKMOUAIOUHiicA BO B3aHMHO OHO- 3HAYHOM COOTBETCTBHH MCKAY TePMHHAMH H OOO3HAYaeMBIMH HMH NOHATHA- MH, Ha mpakTHKe He BCe a BbIep2KMBAcTCA, H HaJIMuHe NONMCCEMHH H OMO- HHMHH B TePMHHOO MyeCKON MeKCHKe IIpH3HaeTCA MHOTHMH HCCeOBaTeA- MH, C O OBOpKOM, 4TO CHHOHHMH, Hallp., 31eCb HMeIOT <HY1O MIPpHpOy H HHBIS (yHKUHH> *. B noHsa THe BapHaHTHOCTH TepMHHONOTHYeCKOH JCKCHKH MbI BKIIOYAeM HaaMune (bOHETHYeCKHX, CNOBOOOpPAasOBaTeMbHBIX H JICKCHYCCKHX Ay6neTos 214 o Ho o cnenuanbHo o noHATHA (TepMuH OyO2ze npeqnowKeH O. C. AxmaHo- Bol ). Han6omee pacnpocTpaHeHHBIMH BHaMH BapHaHTOB B 6enopyccKo TEPMHHOOTH ABAIOTCA JeCHYeCKHe H CMOBOOOpasOBaTeMbHBIE. B cope cky 910xy HHTeHCHBHOTO pasBATHA OesOpyccKo o JIHTepaTyPpHO- TO A3bIKa B INHPOKOM KPYy y ASHIKOBIX MpOOJleM IWeHTPaJIbHOe MeCTO OTBO- TMno0cb POpMUpPOBaHHIO HaywHOH TepMHHOJOTHE. Me ogono nmueckHi IpHwun BbIpa6oTKH GSenopyccKoH Hay4HOl TepMHHOJIO HH B Haale 20-x . 3aKslouasIca B TOM, YTO B OCHOBY ee LOMXKHBI ObIIM ObITh MONOKeHI COBA _3KMBOTO HapogHo o A3bIKa. Ecam 2Ke HeOOXOAHMBIX TePMHHOB B HapOAHOM A3bIKe He ObIO, TO Ha COOCTBEHHOM ASBIKOBOM MaTepHade CO3ABaNHCh HEO- JOTH3MbI WIM 3AHMCTBOBAJIMCb TOTOBLI€ HHOCTPaHHble C10Ba B Hy2KHOM Tep- MHHomo M4ecko sHa eHun. JlonycKasocb H NapasmembHoe ynoTpeOenne 6ewOpyccko o H HHOCTpaHHo O c0Ba HIM AByX Genopycckux4, T. e, ye B 4 Taymaya- nbun c oyuix Benapyck- ai mospi.Mi- xcx, 19771980, 7. 1—4. 2 PyccKo-G- eslopycc- kuii cnopapb.- Muuck, 1982, . 12. 3 Jlanuaeu- xo B. Il. Pyccxaa epmuno- no ua/On- si aMH BHCTHYeCKO o onHcaHHA. M., 1977, c. 73. 4 Benapyckan wapykosaa TopMinano ia. Saemen apHax Ma oMaTHKa. Minck, 1922, Bim. 1, c. 3—4. 39 CaMOH MeTOZOWIO HH cosqanH TePMHHONO HYeCcKO eKCHKH mpelnona anach BOSMOXKHOCTb JeCHYeCKOH BapHanTHocTH. B Take o6lacTH TepHoso un, kakMu OoTaHuyeckag, SOOMO HYeCKAaA, CeIbCKOXO3AIicTBeHHaA, ye HapowHan TEPMHHOJORHA Gouee Bce o 6bINa PasBHTa, BOLIO NOBOAbHO 3HTeABHOeHay KOJH4ECTBO COB H3 HapoAHOl neKcuKu. Bei0 CO3aHO H 3HAYHTebHOe YHC- 10 HOBOOOpasoBaHHi Ha cOOcTBeEHHO Oenopycckom Ma epuaue. B Aambuen- WeM <ipakTHKa HCnOb30BaHHA TePPHTOPHaNbHO O paHMyeHHOH eKCHKH B SHa eHHH TEpMHHOB y2Ke K Kony 20-x . noKa3ana CBOIO He2KM3HEcnOCob- Hoc b. Haynnae cs o6pa unii Mpowecc — 8aMeHa HapOHO-AHaNeKTHEIX COB H HCKYCCTBeHHEIX OOpasoBanHli TepmMaHamu H€HTPHAHOHAaIbho o HAH pyc- CKo o MIpoHcxoxeHHa>*®. Ho MHo ue o6meu3Bec uBe Hu axe TeppuTopn- aIbHO O paHHyeHHble HapOAHble TepMHHBI OCTaJHCD Hapayy C 3aHMCTBOBAaH- HBIMH B CllelHaJIbHBIX TepMHHOMO HAX, oOpasya AyOneTHBIe pane. Jlekcnueckaa BapuaHTHocTh COBpeMeHHOH OenopyccKol TepmHHomo Hu HM€T HECKOIbKO pasHOBHHOCTeli, ye AyOueTaMu BEICTyNAaIoT cobcTBeHHO OenopycckHi (un no zaBHocTH SaHMCTBOBAHHA BOCHNPHHMaeMbIli Kak co6- CTBeHHBIH) H 3AHMCTBOBAaRHEI, Ya e Bce o NOABHBIUMHCA H3 PyCcKO o, NOMb- CKO O HJM Yepes MOcpeAcTBO pyccKo o A3HIKa, Ba u Gome coOcTBeHHO 6e- NOPYCCKHX CiOBa, COGCTBeHHLIi TepMHH KaJIbKHPOBaHHBIii, 06a TepmuHa, MpulleluIHe HS PyCCKO O A3bIKa H OTpaxa ollne BapHaHTHOCTb pyccKoi Tep- MHHOJO HH. Ilupoxue Hayyu ie KOHTAaKTH co BCeMH COIOSHBIMH pecny6iHuKaMH Ha oc- HObe PYCCKO O ASbIKa COs{alOT OoNbIIMe BOSMOXHOCTH aA IIpPOHHKHOBeHUA B Oenopycckuii a3bIK MaccBI HaydHbIX TepMHHOB H3 pyccKo o. CoOcTBeHHO Genopycckue npodeccnonanpunie TEPMHHBI, BOWeAMHe B CHelHabHyio Tep- MHHOJO HI0, O6pasoBanu AyOneTHEIE appl c NpHUleIUHMH NO31Hee u3 pyc- CKO O A3bIKa TepMHHaMH, Hanp. : acapodax — e peincane, acada py4xa, PaMKa, 6AA OUL cyKHasanka, oKeip epasi , KacaK — packoc, KowaT — YkAlO4oLHA, KAAMAp — cKaba, wapou — pocceln. JleKcu4ecKHe BapuaHTH, 110- AOOUbIe IPHBeACHHEIM BHIe, Mo yT HMETS iM4Hb- le cheps yno pe6.1enna. B cneyuambuoli an epa ype ya je 6T ynyayo pe6a- Tbca o6mHe c pycckumu cmoBa (c peicane, cyxnaeanka, epasiil, cKa6a, poccein), a ux coOcTBeHHO OeopycckHe Zy6seTsI, BBe_eHHEIE COBapAMH B cibepy TepMHHOsO HH, HMe- JoT OOBIMHO GoubUIMii CemanTuYecKHi O6beM H Oosee IHpoKy1o ccbepy yno- TpeOleHuA, B TOM 4NCHe 4 B Pas oBopHok pew (acapodaK, saa ow, axeip, Kacak, Kanmap). Hexo opbie us AyOneTOB OcTaIOTCA H3BECTHLIMH Ha o paHH- eHHOW TeppuTopun (Ko aT, xaamap). B noxo6unx oTHomeHuax (co6cTBeH- Ho Oen0pycckuiipyccknii) Haxona ca meKcuyeckue AyOue TH Apy ux TepMu- HOMO HYeCKHX OONacTeli, Hanp. : 6xoxapa — cmywak, Kaney — 6yp , KaTax — nawa aKk, mayéaka — cyaTan, naannosiya — dine, napa mu pas . napa- Ai , cadasina — @pyx oi, cnapoyeanne — 3ayuka, CA4KAPHA — canamapasKa, 5 Baxaupxoy A. §. Passinyé nexcixi Gencapykai ai apa ypuai MoBp y capeuxi nepsian. Mincx, 1982, c. 46, 40 460A — CacHa, xYTKACKs — cKopacys, wH4anene — Kab pol. Bosmoxuo, KpH- TEPHEM MpHaHexKHOCTH K TEPMHHOJO HYeCKOH B COOCTBEHHOM CMBICMIe CiO- Ba JI@KCHKe MO sa Obl CIYKUTb CNOCOOHOCTH K O6pasoBaHHi0 HOBLIX npoH3- BOAHEIX TepMHHOB. JIo M4yHO npeAnoOxUT, YTO Gynymee 3a Temu TepMH- HaMH, KOTOpble yuacTByioT B OOpasoBaHuH Apy Hx TepMMHOMOTM4eCKHX Ha- 3BaHHh, Halip. : 6yp aeanne, 6yp aeanouuex, 6yp ayK adueK; cKope noesd, KapoOxa ckapacuyei; napaai e , napani ounel; Ppyx ose , ppyk aanpayog- ue , Tlos omy coppemMeHHOM s Tane Ha c anoBmenna TePMHHONOTHYeCKOL N€KCHKH B OOMLEASHIKOBLIX CHOBAPAX CTONO Obl NOMOCHEIE TePMHHBI OTMe- aTb NOM€TAMH, YKa3bIBalOWHMH Ha HX MpHasNexHOCTR K c enHambHOl TEPMHHOJNOFHYeCKOH JeKCHKe (Halp. : Kya. diae ine — Pyccko-6e opycckni CNOBapb), OCTaBIA 3a UX LyOneTaMu (Hanp. : Kaney, naa andsiya, cadaeina, XYTKACH, YAeHIK, wH9AeNoL) KNKBapUKaluIO OOULeH3BeCTHLIX cHoB, cepa yHoTpeO1eHHA KOTOPBIX Gonee WIMpoKad uTepaTypHBIii LIK, HapO HbIe opopsi. Tak, K mpuMepy, Bo 2-m u3qaHuu Pyccko-Gesopyccko o cnopaps H3 TePMHHONOTHYeCKOH JeKCHKM HCKMOYeHA eKceMa x6inina YacTb Yaca, XOelle Ta Je 20—25 Tomy Hasaq ei0 NO3O0BanHCh KaK TepMHHOM. B pax ekcu4eckux 2y6neTos BxOAAT ycTapeBuine 6eopycckue (unu maB- HO SaHMCTBOBAaHHEIe) TepMHHbI H TEpMHHEI, OOUIMe C pycCKUMH, Hanp. :molT- HA, MOLTHbL YCT. TAMODCHA, TAMOMEHHOLU, AiTAaBaHHe ycT. nasHue, naiika, WITINAPUL4OLK — 3d2ATOYWU4OLK, KOXALK PasT. KOKAIOUL. Alpy yio pasHoBuAHOCTh eKCHYecKUX BapHaHToOB obpa3yloT TePMHHBI, 43 KOTOpEIX 06a BOCIIPHHUMalOTCA KaK GenOpycckue, NpuleAMINe B TepHOWIO-Mu THIO H3 HaPOAHOTO ASbIKa, ¥ACTO H3 PasHBIX e o AHaseKTOB. TaKo o poma AyTHOne BCTpeyalo cA B GoTAaHHYECKO!, s0on0 MuecKOl, cemDcKOXO3aiicT- BeHHOH TepMuHONO uH. C TOUKH 3peHua ceMaHTHYeCKHX OTHOWeHHI OHH MO- TyT ObITh aOOCOMIOTHLIMH CHHOHMMaMH, XOTH, HMes OGllee npeaMeTHoe sHaueHHEe, Bce la He PaBHOSHAYHE NO ynoTpebsennio. B nape acaeixnadaci- Hasik NepBoe HasBaHHe O paHHYeHO TeppHTOpHaNbHO H He JOKHO OLITb BBeJeHO B OOTAHHYECKyIO TePMHHOJOFHIO, paBHO KaK H Apy ue HapomHHIE Ha3BaHua 9TO O pHoa. HasBanne 6yski aBaae ca Gonee ynoTpeOuTenbHBM, 4€M NIpHBOJHMOe ps0M B Pyccko-GenopyccKkoM caoBape B TepMuHOmO Hye- ckOM sHa eHuHu Oypxiyel. Ilo s oi xe MpH4MHe He CueLyeT AaBaTh CHHOHH- MOM K Kaleayka (pyc. 4u6uc) OOnacTHOe Ha3BaHue Kana, TeM Oomee, 4TO OHO H3BeCTHO Kak HasBaHHe [py o NTHILLI; nOWHA ABIAeCTCA OOMACTHOH meKceMOH OOileiHTepa ypHo- BapHaHTHl, My cexascayo. neKwuecKHe K nlowanHble Wno ga PyccKo-Genopyc- cM OMHOSHAYHEI CHHOHBIHM C NepeBog B OnpesqeneHHOo cemMaHTHyecKKo- cJlOBape KaK ¢c pycCKO O, KaK li BOC AubHIPHHMAIOTCH- depen ua uel 032001 Haspan e CQHHKoBe WTe- (Hanp. Aa : NONyxXa B HHA H MOMOHO- WeHHA, AK B AHTepaT- YPHOM ASbIKe pacco, a CeMeOUHBI B OBOMLa- KNajKa xX paco ; CHONOB cyip a — paccOJl KBalleHb- IX HJM Ce- Ha MOM OTKpbITLIM HeOOM, Tapna —B TOMeljeHHH, o HaBecom). CemaHTH- yeckH Aubpeuupyw es u Apy ue AyOue si, Kak Hanp. : 36ieanne — 36n3- 6axne (pyc. cnao Ka), cK.a od — cakepa, cadocaney — maanc. B pasubix cne- 41 IHaJIbHBIX KOHTeKCT- ax 6yyT ynoTpeOm- eHbI WaHHble B Pyccko-Ge- nopyccK- oM cslOBape Ka CHKHOHH- MbI lopolc ac- ye (BanHAaK- y) Ci asaTac- yo (Ap9Ba, p9ypIBa) W4blneaTa- cy, (culeH), cnninahae- xanne naKkapax, Kapa (He isc eseicKaxu- e). B nape eaTyxakc- op nepBbIiiMH TepH O6O03Haya- eT pasHOBHA- HOCTb TOBAPOB, a COPT, KpOMe STOTO,PaSHOBUAHOCTh KYJIbTYPHHHIX pacTeHHi. Bowpu y o pynmy meKcHyecKux AyO6eToB, cocTOAMHx u3 GenopyccKHXx (41H aBHO 3aHMCTBOBAHH- BIX) JeKCeM, COCTABAAIOT aOCOMIOTHBIe AyOneTHI, Hamp. :601k 6yeail, eanpyx napcwK, dy6ansToyKa OeyxcTeonKa, cexaCKAAOAAN- IK KaNAKAGO H Ap. TepMHHomO H4- ecKOli AeKCHKe, B OTMHYHE OT ObleMHTepaTyp- HOH, mMeHee _ CBOHCTBEHHBI CTHJHCTHYeCH- eHOHHMBI, MI HOpHBeeHHHbIe paheeHM MpepbI pa3HbIx cibep ynoTpeO1eHHAH TepMHHOB-BalA- yOeTOB, pas OBOBIX, ycTBLIHJI H YCTapeHOLXHK- OHX,HACTEABB- YIOT OTH HaHYHHH CHAAMCTHHHH- HHCHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHHHH- HHHHHHHHHH Emme o HOH pa3HOBHAHOCTHIO AeKCHYeCKOM BapHaHTHOCTH B GemopyccKO TePMHHONOTH ABIACTCA <OTPaxenHad> AyONeTHOCTD, T. e. EmmeHHONOTH ABIACTCA <OTPaxenHad> AyONeTHOCTD, T. e. Nepemlemmad B Genopycckyio TepMHHOsO HIO 3 pyccKO O ASbIKa, HaMp. : a zoac cabyp, inscolp cmoxea izasae Opsea; ee pani- ya Kypacne- naHemM- ONa, 3Qeico (KanbKa OT pyc. e3eece) cycnensi- a, Ki onaek- xi aic , Kaaiimo Tagjpo, cnopT. pake -Ka- -yc . pake a, BoeH. adcTyna- enHe paToipad- a, ceius dic yaa. Hexo op- pie oTpaxen- uble AyOeTe uMeloT B OemOpyc- cKoM S3HIKe HCKOJIb- KO Apy oe yno pe6- seHne. PyccKoe udyc aBineTcA ycTapeB- 1M TepMHH- OM, KOTOPbIii B 4-TOMHBI- li akKaJle- MH4eCK- HH COBAPb YKe HE BKJIIOue. Benopyc- ekue AyOneT- E Tod u Toibyc (3auMcTBOBaHO 6e3 nocpescTBa pyccKo o s3blkKa) HMeIOT Apy oe pacipe enenne: Kak MeQMUMHCKHA TepMHH yno pe6seTca Tol; Toupyc WMpoKO mpe cTaBeH B COBpeMeHHOH xyMoxecTBeH- HOM Mpose KaK pas OBOHIPHii TepMHH Mapammemb- HO c ToD. Jlekcuyeckue AyOieTHbIe Mapbl TEPMHHOB B GeOpyCCKOM A3bIKe MOTYT CO- CTOATh H3 TOJHBIX H KpaTKUX HasBaHHli (saeaTO#4o nyHKT — 3a2oTNYNKT, npaeciiina- axniunaa adyKxayon npad axadykayoela), HO ‘alle BCe o B GeNOpyccKOM s3bIKe OHM MpescTaBAIOT coOoi TakxKe OTpaxkeHHylo AyOue T- HOCTB. Cnopoo6pasoBaT- eibuble BapHaHTB TepMHHOB c10Ba, OOpasoBaHHble OT OXHOTO CJOBa MPH NOMOULH pa3HUHbIX COBOOOPasOBaT- ebIX CPHEpeACTB. Co3zanHbie 10 O HO MOZeMH TePMHHBI MO yT OTAMYAaTbCA cyduKcaMu, Hamp. :é6binajsak eoinogsixel, moBasHagely MOBasHAayYya, napaeolmepHix napasoimapanoni- x, camagaadc ea camayaaddse, ca asiya — caxolyxa, cenanadbipanoxik cenanadbopuuelk, Tpolcnée — Tpelcye, lasiya — AajKa, CAOBOObpa- soBaTeAbHb- le BaPHaHTHI TAKKe MOFyT OTMMYATb- CA OTCYTCTBH- eEM HJIH Hamuquem cycuKca, Hanmp. : anadanadki, eyda eydauka, 3anans3ana- nonik, maTblLAbm- aToLAéK, cCHeeauolcT -cHeEeaauol- ULanonixK. O6pasopaHua THNa 6yOa4Ka, MaTOLAEK BBEeHLI B Pan TePMHHONO- FHYeCKHX HagBaHui OA BAMAHHeM pyccKUx yOo4uKa, babouKa, H B CieluadbHOM Hay4- 42 HOM OGOpoTe, KaK HB XKUBOIi pew, B LAHHBIX cnydanx MpeuMy lec- TBo ocTae e 3a GeccyuKcubi- mn cdbopMamu (ue o Hemb3a CKa3aTb O BCex Apy Hx napax Geccydukcub- lx u cyppukcanbu- yx nap). Uuble c1oBoobpaso- pa esbHbl€ BAPHaHTbI OTMHYAIOT- CA H MOMeNAMU H CpeAcCTBa- MH COBOOOpa3z- 0BaHHA, Hanp. :60poleéayse- opeaHHe, ys0peaKHe pas6opeanne, cHeeayoopKa cueeanpolOip- anne, cyy AoHaniT- o: cyyanoHaada- zieaxe . Ocobyio pa3HOBHsHO- CTh CNOBOOOpas- 0BaTeAbHOH BapHaHTHOC- TH COCTABAAIOT CO*KHbIe OOpasoBaHH- a, B KOTOPbIX BapbupyeTcA OMHa W3 COCTAaBHBIX YacTeH, Hamp. :Ka#2600c ea Koxeeadoyan, npoyiyick cynpayoyick, npouipaxe n- e:cynpayopa- keTHol, camadsapoc- aye uc . camayaadc - ea. CnoBoobpas- oBaTebuble Ba- PHAHTHI MO YT OTMHYATbCA OTCYTCTBHeEMHAaJHYHEM MPHCTABOK HH CaMUMH IpHcTaB- KaMH, Halp. : w4ana npoluu4a- naK, 3amepabmep. Kaxkan pasHOBHAHOCTb CNOBOOOpasoBaTebHOH BapHaHTHOCTH HMeeT CBO oco6eHHOcTH, CBOi OGbeM, CBOIO THNOMO HW. 37eCcb MBI OCTAHOBUMCA Ha OJ- Holi pynne cy@ukcaNbHoli BapHaHTHOCTH — OTIa OAbHBIX CyMeCTBUTe/b- HbIX. Bo3MoxHOCTD OOpascBaHHA HasBaHHl MeicTBHA, Mpolecca, COCTOAHHA, T. €, OTTMa OAbHLIX CYILeCTBUTEbHBIX, IPH MOMI MpOAYKTUBHLIX cyppuKcop -HA(a), -K(a) u O-cyuKca cosqaeT Gasy cnoBOOOpasoBaTebHOH Bapuan uoc u. Ecnu yuec b, To cyduxc -H4(e) MOxeT MpucoeAMHATLCA K OCHOBaM COBepIieHHO O H HECOBepIIeHHOFO BULA, TO KOJMYECTBO BOSMOXHBIX BapHaHToB yBe mynBaeTca. He Bce BOSMOXKHbIe MOAEMH PeaHSYIOTCA B ASHI- Ke, HO HaslH¥He TpeX-YeTbIpeX CYILECTBHTCIbHBIX, OOPasOBaHHLIx OT OAHOTO ila owa, AOBObHO YacTOe ABIeHHE, Halip. : absasa — abaoy — absoyaigann- e, ad6op ad6ipanne — ad6opka, — packaad packaadanne — packaaoean- — ne packaadka. — [Ipouecc o6pas0BaHus MOAOOHEIX HasBaHHi 2%KHBOH H 0- cTaTOUHO AKTHBHBI, NpOMomKaeTcCA NTHYecKupak Bce Bpema (HamIp. : eol6 pa- Kojeanne — eolOpakoyKa, sanipaganke — sanasaHne, TAYUMAGAKHe — TAYWUuanx- e), a TEHACHUNM K O paHw eHHio KaKO O-1HOO ONpeneseHHO O THMAa 06- pasOBaHHA OTTMaTObHbIX CyULeCTBUTeIbHBIX MOKA He HaOsmlogxae ca. Bapu- AHTBI OTTIa OMbHBIX CYUCCTBUTCIbHBIX BCTYMAI0T B CIOAHbIe COMAHTHYCCKHE OTHOWICHHA, KOTOpbie MOT y ObITb B OOWLEM OXapaKTePHSOBaHbl Kak CeMaH- THYecKoe TOXMecTBO u HeTORecTBO. JIA HOpManH3allMu ynoTpeOeHHA Ba- PHAaHTOB OTTOMBULIXTa CyILeCTBUTENbHBIX HEOOXOAHMO JIA KaxkoH BapHaHT- HOM PasHOBHAHOCTH yCTaHaBHBaTb CeMaHTHYeCKOe TOAKAECTBO HH HeXTOKAECT- BO ee BAPHAHTOB. TlomHoe ceMaHTH4ec- Koe H CTHIMCTHYe- CKOe TORCTBO HaGOAaeTCA B LY6NeTax CYWECTBAT- eIbHBIX, OOpasOBaHH- BIX ONOTHOBHAO- BBIX GecIpHCcTaB- OUHBIX T1a oB Ip NOMANNOH cypuK -NOAn(e) u -K(a), HaNp. : eapcasanne Bapcoyka, eepOasanne enpbogxKa, 2aasypaeanne e asypoijKa, epadsipaean- He epadsipojka, Kanandpasax- He KananOpogKa, Kanibpasanne Kxanibpoyxa. B nepeyucueHT- BOHHbIX H HM MOAOOHKIX CyllecHTeNb- HBIX TOMKOBBII c0Bapb OemopycckK- o o A3bI HE BEIeMAeT NPeAMHEETIX 3HaYeHHLI HO, B B A3bIKOBoli MpakTHKe B OONDIIMTBHC- B4B CYILECHT HaebHbIe -K(@) OTMeeHBITE OTOM 3aHKOHHHOC- TH, UMeIOTHee ONpeme en c (Yepnolexays na BxAp) 43 6oyye , maconnan é6apcoyjKa, yOanan epolmipoyKa) u, Kak TipaBHulo, OTMHYa- 1OTCA HEKOTOPbIM MIHMpeylecTBOM M10 YacToTe yno pe61enua. Tlonnoe ceman uyeckoe u CTHJIMCTHYCCKOe COOTBETCTBHE HIOT cyu Meec - BHTCJIbHbIe, OOPasOBaHHble OT BUOBEIX Nap MpHCTaBOYHEIX la ogos, Hanp. :a6T046aKHe ab ouKa, — admy eanne admy xa, — adnaileanne adna ixa; — Oaeap oijeanHe — Oaeap ogka, nepa axanseanne — nepa akanka; aganodaxasanod- He — eanne, ab. MepKasanne — abmapKoyeanne, adcaaenne — adcaoii- Sanne; anpamanenne — anpamexoeanne, aTaAcamAenHe — aTancamaisanne. B o aa ompubix CYILCCTBHTeIbHBIX, OOpasoBaHHbIx oT TapHBIX ia osoB co- BepileHHO O H HeCOBeplleHHO O BHAOB, He CoxpaHsAeTcaA MTHPOBONOcTaBaeHHe CoBep leHHOCTHHecoBeplleHHocTH jelic Bua. Va ueKas B CHOBapaAX Ha CBASb €T1a ouOM TOTO HAH HHOTO BHsa cKOpee Bee o oc aeTca ykKa3aHnem B n iane BHIPaKeHMA, T. €. YKasaHHeM Ha e o OOpagoBanne. Cp. : aeaaodanne cymenc- Holmi npaeciami c ana ma aii monadsi H Mol id3ém asanodeaHHa Oa noBEI- Mi Kpoini4ami axepeii; c Apy oi CTOPOHbI — pabo a na aeanodanu o ma ic ap- CTé6am WH NaukWAi YADKIN 2adH aBanodeanHa Mma c apc eam. B o uom enusx ceman uyecko o TOMACCTBA MOFYT ObITb H OTTAa obHBIE CyIecTBHTeIbHBIe Cc 0-cydduKcom u cyuxcom -xx(e), nanp. : ab20y ab- — Aoganieanne, a0kopm — a6Kkopmaieanne, a6mep — abmepeanne, adc p3a — adc paaseanne, 6olAay — eo.aoyj iganne, Hexo opoe npeumymec so no uacToTe ynoTpeOleHua uMelo GeccydpuKcuule cylecTBuTebHbIe. B TakKom xe OTHOMICHHH CeMaHTHYeCKOTO TO*KAecTBa HAaXOMATCH CyULeCTBHTeJIbHbIe OT SaHMCTBOBAHHBIX Ta OB, OHO.10 H3 KOTOpEIX (Ha -4ol2) 3auMcTBOBaHo, a Apy oe o6pas0BaHo m0 mMoyzenu pogHo o AsblKa, Hallp. : anpabayoia — anpa- 6asa nne — anpabojeaune, apblexTau ola apolenTasaKHne — apolenyipoyKa, — KamnpameTayola — Kamnpame aeanue, KacTpayoln — Kac polpaeanne, Cy- ILECTBUTeJIbHbIe Ha -4ola B TOAKOBOM cjlOBape OGEIUHO HECYT OCHOBHY10 HMaluonHyH- opio Ha pysKy u aBasioTCA C€MaHTHYECKHM IeHTpOM Bce o cyIO- BoOOpasoBaTebHO O Hessa. Mexay o aa oabHbimn cymec suTembHbiMH c Pa3sHbIMu cyddukcamu mo- TYT ObITh H Gomee cO*KHbLe OTHOMeHNA, KO Za B OJHOM U3 BapHaHToB — uallle ¢ cypuKcom -x(a) u 0-cydbduxkcom — nomumo 3Hayenns ATBelicua, PasBuBaeTCH 3HaYeHHe KOHKpeTHOCTH: a) pesybTaT Aelic aus, Hanp. adap :- Oogka Be , OTTeHOK>, BolcoinKka ChIIb>, Bab4OHKa MYKa, epynoiKa oObequHeHHe, pynna, epyx oyKa cnoi, epadyipogjKa eeHHe, 2appolpoj- ka pak cknaloK, aOnaa <o6omxeHHBIi KHpnHy, adeod oTBeTB. Ie- HHE>, GNAdTa, 6biNAaTa, OanaaTa jeHb H>, adceij To, 470 oTceanocb, 4cMOA CMONHCTad ApeBecnHa; 6) MaTepHad HIM OpyaHe, IpH noMOImH KOTOPOTO OcyllecTBAAETCA HASbIBAeMOe B TepBOM 3HayeHuu Helic aue, Hanp. : abanmoyKa Ma epunan, sanoyoyKa Malina, Opanipoyjka o, uem 3alpa- MMHPOBaHO; B) cnocob, XapakTep 93To o ATBelicus, Hamp. : KKazad, Ainéjxa, waipoyka. Uac o mo yT ume b TIAMpe€THOe 3HaYeHHe CyIeCTBUTeIbHbIe Ha Hola: epanyAnyola, OaKymeHTayoln, Kamniaayown 1 Ap. Haun enbHO mp 44 7HoHoOpe ai- o suayenue B BapHaHTHoM Pay cyllecTBuTenbubie Ha -H(e), Hamp. :aOmyxOsipasanne, aOnpayaenne, a0nnMasaHHe, BAsaHHe, Bapnan s na -4x(e) u -eann( e) MOT y pasM4aTECA TeM, UTO OHH O60- SHaualoT COCTOMHHe, Apy ue — elicTBue, Hanp. :aOacysHeN- u He abacuane- SaHHe, GHAMCHANHE H AHAMeYeaHHe, anycTOWAHHe u anycToweanne, abAcKO- Aepanke u abackonepeanue. Cyulec su eabubie o no o BapuaHTHo o pa a, Oyay4yu cooTHeceHHEIMU c PasIMHBIMM SHa eHHAMH Tia ola, UMeloT pasHyio ceman Tuky. Cymec su- TebHBI€ Ha -AH(e) Yale uMeloT GompuMi AuanasoN sHayeHni no cpaBHe- HHIO C CYIM€CTBHTCIbHBIMM Ha -K(a): admoljKa <ouNcTKa OT mpuMeceli mpoMBIBaHH- eM>, AOcaOKa <oTeneHHe NOMe3HbIX HCKOMAeMEIX OT nycToH nopo- Xp, adnac <oTKOpM, oT yn cKOTa, adKoc <oTpaboTKa ocobui o panyye- HbI B SHAYCHHAX MO CpaBHeHHIO c aOmoleaHHe, adcad2ceanHe, adnaceanne, adxoweanne. Hannune cioBoo6pas0BaTesbHblx BapHaHTOB cnoco6cTB TepyeT H36exKaHHIO MHOPOSHAwHOCTHMU- HOB. CHOTaBUTCA BOSMOXKHLIM mpo ecc Auddepen na- MMH TepMHHOB, KOTOpbie OOpasyioTca OT pasNW4HBIX sHayeHni na ona mp TOMOUIM PasHbIX CNOBOOOpasoBaTeNbHEIX CpescTB, HaNp. : abKzad OKpy2Ke- HHE 3BepA BO BPCMA OXOTHI> H AOKAAOAHHE OOA3aTeENBCTBO K BEIMMAaTe Ha- WOPAa>; C.-X. ANbINbEAHHE H OOT. anblAenHe; KaHCcepeaganne ( puGoB, KpoBH) 4H Kancepéayola (KpoBH, Ipexmpusa ua); 3000. zinoka u AinANHe (mpo oKpa- Cky); npolene anne <akcnmya alua> u 6uo.. npbleneueaHHe <y HeTeHHe Ka- KHX-JI. MPOWeccoB>; saxaeanHe coxpaHeHue B IeMOCTH, coOmIOqeHHe> H SaxO0YeanHe <ANUTeIbHOe XxpaHeHue. O genbuyio pynny Bapwan os coc apasio oue uyeckue, ophoannyeckue, opdo paduyeckne BHTslapua, ae HOPMHPOBaHHe MOXKHO H CJenye T mpo- BecTH B MepBy!o o epe b (Hanp. : adziea — adzeza, kKanép — Kanap, kmen — Kmix, npasidaa npaeiaa, Npo olnak — npa olaak, cKp3s62a — cxpa6bao, y aap — by apaa). 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