Типы вариантов в терминологической лексике

MOKSLO KALBOS KULTUROS IR TERMINOLOGIJOS PROBLEMOS LIETUVIU KALBOTYROS KLAUSIMAI, XXIV(1985) TAJIMHA SEJIAKCOBHA BEINTOPT THMbI BAPHAHTOB B TEPMHHOJIO HYECKOM JIEKCHKE OgHuM H3 BaXKHBIX BHZOB paOo TH B OO1acTH TepMHHOJIOFHH ABJIACTCA NOD- poOHoe wekcuko paduyeckoe ONMcaHHe OTebHBIX TePMHHOJO H4eCKHX CH- c em. Ho uw B mpouecce oO les3bIKOBO O MeKCHKO paduyecko o ONHCaHMA B KaKOH-TO CTeNeHH yMOpAMOYMBaeTCA TEPMHHONOFHA, YTO 3aKMIOUAeTCA B KOT- Gope H BEIeneHuH Npexse Bce o HanGo ee ycTOH4HBLIX H yNOTPeOHTEMbHEIX (OpM TepMHHOB>. O a 3ajaya BHINOMHANACh COCTABUTeAMH TomKoso o ci10- papa GenopyccKo o asbika1, Pyccko-GesopyccKo o cloBapA”, XOTA B HCTOY- HHKH CIOBapeli He BKMOUaaCb Y3KOCHeWHabHad MTepa ypa. OcnosHol NpHHIHN TepMHHOJO HH, 3aKMOUAIOUHiicA BO B3aHMHO OHO- 3HAYHOM COOTBETCTBHH MCKAY TePMHHAMH H OOO3HAYaeMBIMH HMH NOHATHA- MH, Ha mpakTHKe He BCe a BbIep2KMBAcTCA, H HaJIMuHe NONMCCEMHH H OMO- HHMHH B TePMHHOO MyeCKON MeKCHKe IIpH3HaeTCA MHOTHMH HCCeOBaTeA- MH, C O OBOpKOM, 4TO CHHOHHMH, Hallp., 31eCb HMeIOT <HHY1O MIPpHpOy H HHBIS (yHKUHH> *. B noHsa THe BapHaHTHOCTH TepMHHONOTHYeCKOH JCKCHKH MbI BKIIOYAeM Ha- aMune (bOHETHYeCKHX, CNOBOOOpPAasOBaTeMbHBIX H JICKCHYCCKHX Ay6neTos 214 o Ho o cnenuanbHo o noHATHA (TepMuH OyO2ze npeqnowKeH O. C. AxmaHo- Bol ). Han6omee pacnpocTpaHeHHBIMH BHaMH BapHaHTOB B 6enopyccKo TEPMHHOOTHH ABAIOTCA JeKCHYeCKHe H CMOBOOOpasOBaTeMbHBIE. B cope cky 910xy HHTeHCHBHOTO pasBATHA OesOpyccKo o JIHTepaTyPpHO- TO A3bIKa B INHPOKOM KPYy y ASHIKOBIX MpOOJleM IWeHTPaJIbHOe MeCTO OTBO- TMno0cb POpMUpPOBaHHIO HaywHOH TepMHHOJOTHE. Me ogono nmueckHi IpHH- wun BbIpa6oTKH GSenopyccKoH Hay4HOl TepMHHOJIO HH B Haale 20-x . 3aKslouasIca B TOM, YTO B OCHOBY ee LOMXKHBI ObIIM ObITh MONOKeHI COBA _3KMBOTO HapogHo o A3bIKa. Ecam 2Ke HeOOXOAHMBIX TePMHHOB B HapOAHOM A3bIKe He ObIO, TO Ha COOCTBEHHOM ASBIKOBOM MaTepHade CO3AaBaNHCh HEO- JOTH3MbI WIM 3AHMCTBOBAJIMCb TOTOBLI€ HHOCTPaHHble C10Ba B Hy2KHOM Tep- MHHomo M4ecko sHa eHun. JlonycKasocb H NapasmembHoe ynoTpeOenne 6e- wOpyccko o H HHOCTpaHHo O c0Ba HIM AByX Genopycckux4, T. e, ye B 4 Taymayanbun c oyuix Benapyckai mospi.— Mixcx, 1977—1980, 7. 1—4. 2 PyccKo-Geslopycckuii cnopapb.— Muuck, 1982, . 1—2. 3 Jlanuaeuxo B. Il. Pyccxaa epmunono ua/Onsi aMH BHCTHYeCKO o onHcaHHA.— M,, 1977, c. 73. 4 Benapyckan wapykosaa TopMinano ia. Saemen apHax Ma oMaTHKa.— Minck, 1922, Bim. 1, c. 3—4. 39 CaMOH MeTOZOWIO HH cosqanH” TePMHHONO HYeCcKO eKCHKH mpelnona anach BOSMOXKHOCTb JeKCHYeCKOH BapHanTHocTH. B Take o6lacTH TepMuHoso un, kak OoTaHuyeckag, SOOMO HYeCKAaA, CeIbCKOXO3AIicTBeHHaA, ye HapowHan TEPMHHOJO HA Gouee Bce o 6bINa PasBHTa, BOLIO NOBOAbHO 3HayHTeABHOe KOJH4ECTBO COB H3 HapoAHOl neKcuKu. Bei0 CO3aHO H 3HAYHTebHOe YHC- 10 HOBOOOpasoBaHHi Ha cOOcTBeEHHO Oenopycckom Ma epuaue. B Aambuen- WeM <lpakTHKa HCnOb30BaHHA TePPHTOPHaNbHO O paHMyeHHOH eKCHKH B SHa eHHH TEpMHHOB y2Ke K Kony 20-x . noKa3ana CBOIO He2KM3HEcnOCob- Hoc b. Haynnae cs o6pa unii Mpowecc — 8aMeHa HapOHO-AHaNeKTHEIX COB H HCKYCCTBeHHEIX OOpasoBanHli TepmMaHamu HHT€PHAHOHAaIbHOTO HAH pyc- CKo o MIpoHcxoxeHHa>*®. Ho MHo ue o6meu3Bec uBe Hu axe TeppuTopn- aIbHO O paHHyeHHble HapOAHble TepMHHBI OCTaJHCD Hapayy C 3aHMCTBOBAaH- HBIMH B CllelHaJIbHBIX TepMHHOMO HAX, oOpasya AyOneTHBIe pane. Jlekcnueckaa BapuaHTHocTh COBpeMeHHOH OenopyccKol TepmHHomo Hu HM€€T HECKOIbKO pasHOBHHOCTeli, ye AyOueTaMu BEICTyNAaIoT cobcTBeHHO OenopycckHi (un no zaBHocTH SaHMCTBOBAHHA BOCNPHHHMaeMbIli Kak co6- CTBeHHBIH) H 3AHMCTBOBAaRHEI, Ya e Bce o NOABHBIUMHCA H3 PyCcKO o, NOMb- CKO O HJM Yepes MOcpeAcTBO pyccKo o A3HIKa, Ba u Gome coOcTBeHHO 6e- NOPYCCKHX CiOBa, COGCTBeHHLIi TepMHH KaJIbKHPOBaHHBIii, 06a TepmuHa, MpulleluIHe HS PyCCKO O A3bIKa H OTpaxa ollne BapHaHTHOCTb pyccKoi Tep- MHHOJO HH. Ilupoxue Hayyu ie KOHTAaKTH co BCeMH COIOSHBIMH pecny6iHuKaMH Ha oc- HOBe PYCCKO O ASbIKa COs{alOT OoNbIIMe BOSMOXHOCTH aA IIpPOHHKHOBeHUA B Oenopycckuii a3bIK MaccBI HaydHbIX TepMHHOB H3 pyccKo o. CoOcTBeHHO Genopycckue npodeccnonanpunie TEPMHHBI, BOWeAMHe B CHelHabHyio Tep- MHHOJO HI0, O6pasoBanu AyOneTHEIE appl c NpHUleIUHMH NO31Hee u3 pyc- CKO O A3bIKa TepMHHaMH, Hanp.: acapodax — e peincane, acada— py4xa, PaMKa, 6AA OUL— cyKHasanka, oKeip —epasi , KacaK — packoc, KowaT — YkAlO4oLHA, KAAMAp — cKaba, wapou — pocceln. JleKcu4ecKHe BapuaHTH, 110- AOOUbIe IPHBeACHHEIM BHIe, Mo yT HMETS pas iM4Hble cheps yno pe6.1enna. B cneyuambuoli an epa ype ya je 6yayT yno pe6aTbca o6mHe c pycckumu cmoBa (c peicane, cyxnaeanka, epasiil, cKa6a, poccein), a ux coOcTBeHHO OeopycckHe Zy6seTsI, BBe_eHHEIE COBapAMH B cibepy TepMHHOsO HH, HMe- JoT OOBIMHO GoubUIMii CemanTuYecKHi O6beM H Oosee IHpoKy1o ccbepy yno- TpeOleHuA, B TOM 4NCHe 4 B Pas oBopHok pew (acapodaK, saa ow, axeip, Kacak, Kanmap). Hexo opbie us AyOneTOB OcTaIOTCA H3BECTHLIMH Ha o paHH- “eHHOW TeppuTopun (Ko aT, xaamap). B noxo6unx oTHomeHuax (co6cTBeH- Ho Oen0pycckuii—pyccknii) Haxona ca meKcuyeckue AyOue TH Apy ux TepMu- HOMO HYeCKHX OONacTeli, Hanp.: 6apaxox — cmywak, Kaney — 6yp , KaTax — nawa aKk, mayéaka — cyaTan, naannosiya — dine, napa mu pas .— napa- Ai , cadasina — @pyx oi, cnapoyeanne — 3ayuka, CA4KAPHA — canamapasKa, 5 Baxaupxoy A. §. Passinyé nexcixi Genapyckai ai apa ypuai MoBp y capeuxi nepsian.— Mincx, 1982, c. 46, 40 460A — CacHa, xYTKACKs — cKopacys, wH4anene — Kab pol. Bosmoxuo, KpH- TEPHEM MpHHaexKHOCTH K TEPMHHOJO HYeCKOH B COOCTBEHHOM CMBICMIe CiO- Ba JI@KCHKe MO sa Obl CIYKUTb CNOCOOHOCTH K O6pasoBaHHi0 HOBLIX npoH3- BOAHEIX TepMHHOB. JIo M4yHO npeAnoOxUT, YTO Gynymee 3a Temu TepMH- HaMH, KOTOpble yuacTByioT B OOpasoBaHuH Apy Hx TepMMHOMOTM4eCKHX Ha- 3BaHHh, Halip.: 6yp aeanne, 6yp aeanouuex, 6yp ayK adueK; cKope noesd, KapoOxa ckapacuyei; napaai e , napani ounel; Ppyx ose , ppyk aanpa- yogue , Tlos omy Ha coppemMeHHOM s Tane c anoBmenna TePMHHONOTHYeCKOL N€KCHKH B OOMLEASHIKOBLIX CHOBAPAX CTONO Obl NOMOCHEIE TePMHHBI OTMe- “aTb NOM€TAMH, YKa3bIBalOWHMH Ha HX MpHHasNexHOCTR K c enHambHOl TEPMHHOJNOFHYeCKOH JeKCHKe (Halp.: Kya. diae ine — Pyccko-6e opycckni CNOBapb), OCTaBIA 3a UX LyOneTaMu (Hanp.: Kaney, naa andsiya, cadaeina, XYTKACH, YAeHIK, wH9AeNoL) KBaNKpUKaluIO OOULeH3BeCTHLIX cHoB, cepa yHoTpeO1eHHA KOTOPBIX Gonee WIMpoKad — uTepaTypHBIii «LIK, HapO HbIe opopsi. Tak, K mpuMepy, Bo 2-m u3qaHuu Pyccko-Gesopyccko o cnopaps H3 TePMHHONOTHYeCKOH JeKCHKM HCKMOYeHA eKceMa x6inina «YacTb Yaca», XO- Ta elle Je 20—25 Tomy Hasaq ei0 NO3O0BanHCh KaK TepMHHOM. B pax ekcu4eckux 2y6neTos BxOAAT ycTapeBuine 6eopycckue (unu maB- HO SaHMCTBOBAaHHEIe) TepMHHbI H TEpMHHEI, OOUIMe C pycCKUMH, Hanp.: molT- HA, MOLTHbL YCT.— TAMODCHA, TAMOMEHHOLU, AiTAaBaHHe ycT.— nasHue, naiika, WITINAPUL4OLK — 3d2ATOYWU4OLK, KOXALK PasT.— KOKAIOUL. Alpy yio pasHoBuAHOCTh eKCHYecKUX BapHaHToOB obpa3yloT TePMHHBI, 43 KOTOpEIX 06a BOCIIPHHUMalOTCA KaK GenOpycckue, NpuleAMINe B TepMuHOWIO- THIO H3 HaPOAHOTO ASbIKa, ¥ACTO H3 PasHBIX e o AHaseKTOB. TaKo o poma AyOneTH BCTpeyalo cA B GoTAaHHYECKO!, s0on0 MuecKOl, cemDcKOXO3aiicT- BeHHOH TepMuHONO uH. C TOUKH 3peHua ceMaHTHYeCKHX OTHOWeHHI OHH MO- TyT ObITh aOcOMIOTHLIMH CHHOHMMaMH, XOTH, HMes OGllee npeaMeTHoe sHa- ueHHEe, He Bce la PaBHOSHAYHE NO ynoTpebsennio. B nape acaeix—nadaci- Hasik NepBoe HasBaHHe O paHHYeHO TeppHTOpHaNbHO H He JOKHO OLITb BBeJeHO B OOTAHHYECKyIO TePMHHOJOFHIO, paBHO KaK H Apy ue HapomHHIE Ha3BaHua 9TO O pHoa. HasBanne 6yski aBaae ca Gonee ynoTpeOuTenbHBM, 4€M NIpHBOJHMOe ps0M B Pyccko-GenopyccKkoM caoBape B TepMuHOmO Hye- ckOM sHa eHuHu Oypxiyel. Ilo s oi xe MpH4MHe He CueLyeT AaBaTh CHHOHH- MOM K Kaleayka (pyc. 4u6uc) OOnacTHOe Ha3BaHue Kana, TeM Oomee, 4TO OHO H3BeCTHO Kak HasBaHHe [py o NTHILLI; nOWHA ABIAeCTCA OOMACTHOH meK- ceMOH K OOileiHTepa ypHoMy cexascayo. Wno ga neKcwuecKHe BapHaHTHl, nlowanHble B PyccKo-GenopyccKoM cJlOBape KaK OMHOSHAYHEI NepeBog ¢c pyc- CKO O, BOCIPHHHMAIOTCH KaK CHHOHHMBI C OnpesqeneHHOo cemMaHTHyecKoli Aubdepen ua uel (Hanp.: 032001 — Haspan e Aa NONyxXa B CTaqHH WBeTe- HHA H MOMOHOWeHHA, AK B AHTepaTYPHOM ASbIKe — «CeMeOUHBI pacco», a «paccOJl B KBalleHbIX OBOMLaxX» — paco ; cyip a — KNajKa CHONOB HJM Ce- Ha MOM OTKpbITLIM HeOOM, Tapna —B TOMeljeHHH, o HaBecom). CemaHTH- yeckH Aubpepenuupyw es u Apy ue AyOue si, Kak Hanp.: 36ieanne — 36n3- 6axne (pyc. cnao Ka), cK.a od — cakepa, cadocaney — maanc. B pasubix cne- 41 IHaJIbHBIX KOHTeKCTax 6yyT ynoTpeOmeHbI WaHHble B Pyccko-GenopyccKoM cslOBape KaK CHHOHHMbI lopolc acye (BanHAaKy) — Ci asaTacyo (Ap9Ba, p9- ypIBa) —W4blninaeaTacy, (culeH), cnhaexanne —naKkapaxHe, Kapa (pyc. eseicKaxue). B nape eaTyxak—cop nepBbIii TepMHH O6O03HayaeT pasHO- BHAHOCTb TOBapOB, a COPT, KpOMe STOTO,— PaSHOBUAHOCTh KYJIbTYPHHIX pa- cTeHHi. Bowpu y o pynmy meKcHyecKux AyO6eToB, cocTOAMHx u3 GenopyccKHXx (41H aBHO 3aHMCTBOBAHHBIX) JeKCeM, COCTABAAIOT aOCOMIOTHBIe AyOneTHI, Hamp.: 601k — 6yeail, eanpyx — napcwK, dy6ansToyKa — OeyxcTeonKa, cexa- CKAAOAANIK — KaNAKAGO H Ap. TepMHHomO H4ecKOli AeKCHKe, B OTMHYHE OT ObleMHTepaTypHOH, mMeHee _ CBOHCTBEHHBI CTHJHCTHYeCKHe CHHOHHMBI, HO MIpHBeeHHbIe pahee MpHMepbI pa3HbIx cibep ynoTpeO1eHHA TepMHHOB-AyOeTOB, pas OBOPHBIX, ycTapeBLIHX H YCTapeBalollHXx, CBHACTEAbCTBYIOT O HaJIHYHH CTHAMCTHYeCKOH CHHOHHMHH. Emme o HOH pa3HOBHAHOCTHIO AeKCHYeCKOM BapHaHTHOCTH B GemopyccKO TePMHHONOTHH ABIACTCA «<OTPaxenHad> AyONeTHOCTD, T. e. Nepemlemmad B Genopycckyio TepMHHOsO HIO 3 pyccKO O ASbIKa, HaMp.: a zoac— cabyp, inscolp — cmoxea — izasae Opsea; ee paniya — Kypacnen— aHemMONa, 3Q- eico (KanbKa OT pyc. e3eece) —cycnensia, Ki onae—kxi aic , Kaaiimo— Tagjpo, cnopT. pake Ka-—-yc . pake a, BoeH. adcTynaenHe — paToipada, ceius — dic yaa. Hexo oppie oTpaxenuble AyOeTe uMeloT B OemOpyccKoM S3HIKe HCKOJIbKO Apy oe yno pe6seHne. PyccKoe udyc aBineTcA ycTapeB- 1M TepMHHOM, KOTOPbIii B 4-TOMHBIli akKaJleMH4eCKHH COBAPb YKe HE BKJIIO- ue. Benopycekue AyOneTE Tod u Toibyc (3auMcTBOBaHO 6e3 nocpescTBa pyccKo o s3blkKa) HMeIOT Apy oe pacipe enenne: Kak MeQMUMHCKHA TepMHH yno pe6seTca Tol; Toupyc WMpoKO mpe cTaBeH B COBpeMeHHOH xyMoxe- cTBeHHOM Mpose KaK pas OBOPHHIii TepMHH MapammembHO c ToD. Jlekcuyeckue AyOieTHbIe Mapbl TEPMHHOB B GeOpyCCKOM A3bIKe MOTYT CO- CTOATh H3 TOJHBIX H KpaTKUX HasBaHHli (saeaTO#4o nyHKT — 3a2oTNYNKT, npaeciiina- axniunaa adyKxayon —npad axadykayoela), HO ‘alle BCe o B GeNOpyccKOM s3bIKe OHM MpescTaBAIOT coOoi TakxKe OTpaxkeHHylo AyOue T- HOCTB. Cnopoo6pasoBaTeibuble BapHaHTB TepMHHOB — c10Ba, OOpasoBaHHble OT OXHOTO CJOBa MPH NOMOULH pa3HUHbIX COBOOOPasOBaTebHEIX CPpeACTB. Co3zanHbie 10 O HO MOZeMH TePMHHBI MO yT OTAMYAaTbCA cyduKcaMu, Hamp.: é6binajsak — eoinogsixel, moBasHagely— MOBasHAayYya, napaeolmep- Hix — napasoimapanonix, camagaadc ea — camayaaddse, ca asiya — caxoly- xa, cenanadbipanoxik — cenanadbopuuelk, Tpolcnée —Tpelcye, lasiya — AajKa, CAOBOObpasoBaTeAbHble BaPHaHTHI TAKKe MOFyT OTMMYATbCA OTCYT- CTBHeEM HJIH Hamuquem cycuKca, Hanmp.: anad—anadki, eyda — eydauka, 3anan—s3ananonik, maTblLAb— maToLAéK, cCHeeauolcT -— cHeEeaauolULanonixK. O6pasopaHua THNa 6yOa4Ka, MaTOLAEK BBEeHLI B Pan TePMHHONOFHYeCKHX HagBaHui OA BAMAHHeM pyccKUx yOo4uKa, babouKa, H B CieluadbHOM Hay4- 42 HOM OGOpoTe, KaK HB XKUBOIi pew, B LAHHBIX cnydanx MpeuMy lec TBo ocTa- e e 3a GeccyuKcubimn cdbopMamu (ue o Hemb3a CKa3aTb O BCex Apy Hx napax Geccydukcublx u cyppukcanbuyx nap). Uuble c1oBoobpasopa esb- Hbl€ BAPHaHTbI OTMHYAIOTCA H MOMeNAMU H CpeAcCTBaMH COBOOOpa3z0BaHHA, Hanp.: 60poleéa— yseopeaHHe, ys0peaKHe — pas6opeanne, cHeeayoopKa — cueeanpolOipanne, cyy AoHaniTo: — cyyanoHaadazieaxe . Ocobyio pa3HOBHs- HOCTh CNOBOOOpas0BaTeAbHOH BapHaHTHOCTH COCTABAAIOT CO*KHbIe OOpaso- BaHHa, B KOTOPbIX BapbupyeTcA OMHa W3 COCTAaBHBIX YacTeH, Hamp.: KaK#2600- c ea — Koxeeadoyan, npoyiyick —cynpayoyick, npouipaxe ne:— cynpayo- pakeTHol, camadsapocaye — uc . camayaadc ea. CnoBoobpasoBaTebuble Ba- PHAHTHI MO YT OTMHYATbCA OTCYTCTBHeEM—HAaJHYHEM MPHCTABOK HH CaMUMH IpHcTaBKaMH, Halp.: w4ana —npoluu4anaK, 3amep— abmep. Kaxkan pasHOBHAHOCTb CNOBOOOpasoBaTebHOH BapHaHTHOCTH HMeeT CBO oco6eHHOcTH, CBOi OGbeM, CBOIO THNOMO HW. 37eCcb MBI OCTAHOBUMCA Ha OJ- Holi pynne cy@ukcaNbHoli BapHaHTHOCTH — OTIa OAbHBIX CyMeCTBUTe/b- HbIX. Bo3MoxHOCTD OOpascBaHHA HasBaHHl MeicTBHA, Mpolecca, COCTOAHHA, T. €, OTTMa OAbHLIX CYILeCTBUTEbHBIX, IPH MOMOMI MpOAYKTUBHLIX cyppuK- cop -HA(a), -K(a) u O-cyuKca cosqaeT Gasy cnoBOOOpasoBaTebHOH Ba- puan uoc u. Ecnu yuec b, To cyduxc -H4(e) MOxeT MpucoeAMHATLCA K OCHOBaM COBepIieHHO O H HECOBepIIeHHOFO BULA, TO KOJMYECTBO BOSMOXHBIX BapHaHToB yBe mynBaeTca. He Bce BOSMOXKHbIe MOAEMH PeaHSYIOTCA B ASHI- Ke, HO HaslH¥He TpeX-YeTbIpeX CYILECTBHTCIbHBIX, OOPasOBaHHLIx OT OAHOTO ila owa,— AOBObHO YacTOe ABIeHHE, Halip.: absasa — abaoy — absoyai- ganne, ad6op — ad6ipanne — ad6opka, packaad — packaadanne — packaao- eanne — packaadka. [Ipouecc o6pas0BaHus MOAOOHEIX HasBaHHi 2%KHBOH H 0- cTaTOUHO AKTHBHBI, NpOMomKaeTcCA NpakTHYecKu Bce Bpema (HamIp.: eol6 pa- Kojeanne — eolOpakoyKa, sanipaganke — sanasaHne, TAYUMAGAKHe — TAYWU- uanxe), a TEHACHUNM K O paHw eHHio KaKO O-1HOO ONpeneseHHO O THMAa 06- pasOBaHHA OTTMaTObHbIX CyULeCTBUTeIbHBIX MOKA He HaOsmlogxae ca. Bapu- AHTBI OTTIa OMbHBIX CYUCCTBUTCIbHBIX BCTYMAI0T B CIOAHbIe COMAHTHYCCKHE OTHOWICHHA, KOTOpbie MO yT ObITb B OOWLEM OXapaKTePHSOBaHbl Kak CeMaH- THYecKoe TOXMecTBO u HeTORecTBO. JIA HOpManH3allMu ynoTpeOeHHA Ba- PHAaHTOB OTTaTOMbULIX CyILeCTBUTENbHBIX HEOOXOAHMO JIA KaxkoH BapH- aHTHOM PasHOBHAHOCTH yCTaHaBHBaTb CeMaHTHYeCKOe TOAKAECTBO HH He- TOXKAECTBO ee BAPHAHTOB. TlomHoe ceMaHTH4ecKoe H CTHIMCTHYeCKOe TOR AeCTBO HaGOAaeTCA B LY6- NeTax CYWECTBATeIbHBIX, OOpasOBaHHBIX OT ONHOBHAOBBIX GecIpHCcTaBOUHBIX T1a oNOB Ip NOMOLH cypuKcos -An(e) u -K(a), HaNp.: eapcasanne — Bap- coyka, eepOasanne — enpbogxKa, 2aasypaeanne — e asypoijKa, epadsipaean- He — epadsipojka, KanandpasaxHe — KananOpogKa, Kanibpasanne — Kxanib- poyxa. B nepeyucueHHbIX H HM MOAOOHKIX CyllecTBHTeNbHBIX TOmKOBBII c0- Bapb OemopycckKo o A3bIKa HE BEIeMAeT NPeAMETHEIX 3HaYeHHli, HO B A3bIKO- Boli MpakTHKe B OONDIIMHCTBe Cy4aeB CYILECTBHTebHbIe Ha -K(@) OTMeeHBI OTTEHKOM 3aKOHYeHHOCTH, UMeIOT MpH cee ONpeme enua (npolexays na BxAp- 43 6oyye , maconnan é6apcoyjKa, yOanan epolmipoyKa) u, Kak TipaBHulo, OTMHYa- 1OTCA HEKOTOPbIM MIpeHMylecTBOM M10 YacToTe yno pe61enua. Tlonnoe ceman uyeckoe u CTHJIMCTHYCCKOe COOTBETCTBHE HMeIOT cyuec - BHTCJIbHbIe, OOPasOBaHHble OT BUOBEIX Nap MpHCTaBOYHEIX la ogos, Hanp.: a6T046aKHe — ab ouKa, admy eanne — admy xa, adnaileanne — adna ixa; Oaeap oijeanHe — Oaeap ogka, nepa axanseanne — nepa akanka; aganodax- He — asanodeanne, ab. MepKasanne — abmapKoyeanne, adcaaenne — adcaoii- Sanne; anpamanenne — anpamexoeanne, aTaAcamAenHe — aTancamaisanne. B o aa ompubix CYILCCTBHTeIbHBIX, OOpasoBaHHbIx oT TapHBIX ia osoB co- BepileHHO O H HeCOBeplleHHO O BHAOB, He CoxpaHsAeTcaA MpoTHBONOcTaBaeHHe CoBep leHHOCTH—HecoBeplleHHocTH jelic Bua. VKasa ue B CHOBapaAX Ha CBASb €T1a ouOM TOTO HAH HHOTO BHsa cKOpee Bee o oc aeTca ykKa3aHnem B n iane BHIPaKeHMA, T. €. YKasaHHeM Ha e o OOpagoBanne. Cp.: aeaaodanne cymenc- Holmi npaeciami c ana ma aii monadsi H Mol id3ém Oa asanodeaHHa noBEI- Mi Kpoini4ami axepeii; c Apy oi CTOPOHbI — pabo a na aeanodanu o ma ic ap- CTé6am WH NaukWAi YADKIN 2adH aBanodeanHa Mma c apc eam. B o uom enusx ceman uyecko o TOMACCTBA MOFYT ObITb H OTTAa obHBIE CyIecTBHTeIbHBIe Cc 0-cydduKcom u cyuxcom -xx(e), nanp.: ab20y — ab- Aoganieanne, a0kopm — a6Kkopmaieanne, a6mep — abmepeanne, adc p3a — adc paaseanne, 6olAay — eo.aoyj iganne, Hexo opoe npeumymec so no ua- cToTe ynoTpeOleHua uMelo GeccydpuKcuule cylecTBuTebHbIe. B TakKom xe OTHOMICHHH CeMaHTHYeCKOTO TO*KAecTBa HAaXOMATCH CyULeCTBHTeJIbHbIe OT SaHMCTBOBAHHBIX Ta O.10B, OHO H3 KOTOpEIX (Ha -4ol2) 3auMcTBOBaHo, a Apy oe o6pas0BaHo m0 mMoyzenu pogHo o AsblKa, Hallp.: anpabayoia — anpa- 6asa nne — anpabojeaune, apblexTau ola — apolenTasaKHne — apolenyipoyKa, KamnpameTayola — Kamnpame aeanue, KacTpayoln — Kac polpaeanne, Cy- ILECTBUTeJIbHbIe Ha -4ola B TOAKOBOM cjlOBape OGEIUHO HECYT OCHOBHY10 HH- opMaluonHyio Ha pysKy u aBasioTCA C€MaHTHYECKHM IeHTpOM Bce o cyIO- BoOOpasoBaTebHO O Hessa. Mexay o aa oabHbimn cymec suTembHbiMH c Pa3sHbIMu cyddukcamu mo- TYT ObITh H Gomee cO*KHbIe OTHOMeHNA, KO Za B OJHOM U3 BapHaHToB — uallle ¢ cypuKcom -x(a) u 0-cydbduxkcom — nomumo 3Hayenns AelicTBua, PasBuBaeTCH 3HaYeHHe KOHKpeTHOCTH: a) pesybTaT Aelic aus, Hanp.: adap- Oogka «Be , OTTeHOK>, BolcoinKka «ChIIb>, Bab4OHKa «MYKa», epynoiKa «oObequHeHHe, pynna», epyx oyKa «cnoi», epadyipogjKa « eeHHe», 2ap- polpojka «pak cknaloK», aOnaa <o6omxeHHBIi KHpnHy», adeod «oTBeTB.Ie- HHE>, GNAdTa, 6biNAaTa, OanaaTa «jeHb H>, adceij «To, 470 oTceanocb», 4cMOA «CMONHCTad ApeBecnHa»; 6) MaTepHad HIM OpyaHe, IpH noMOImH KOTOPOTO OcyllecTBAAETCA HASbIBAeMOe B TepBOM 3HayeHuu Helic aue, Hanp.: abanmoyKa «Ma epunan», sanoyoyKa «Malina», Opanipoyjka « o, uem 3alpa- MMHPOBaHO»; B) cnocob, XapakTep 93To o AelicTBus, Hamp.: KzadKa, Ainéjxa, waipoyka. Uac o mo yT ume b TIpeAM€THOe 3HaYeHHe CyIeCTBUTeIbHbIe Ha “Hola: epanyAnyola, OaKymeHTayoln, Kamniaayown 1 Ap. 3Haun enbHO pexe 44 mpHoOpe aio suayenue B BapHaHTHoM Pay cyllecTBuTenbubie Ha -HH(e), Hamp.: aOmyxOsipasanne, aOnpayaenne, a0nnMasaHHe, BAsaHHe, Bapnan s na -4x(e) u -eann( e) MO yT pasM4aTECA TeM, UTO OHH O60- SHaualoT COCTOMHHe, Apy ue — elicTBue, Hanp.: aOacysHeNHe u abacuane- SaHHe, GHAMCHANHE H AHAMeYeaHHe, anycTOWAHHe u anycToweanne, abAcKO- Aepanke u abackonepeanue. Cyulec su eabubie o no o BapuaHTHo o pa a, Oyay4yu cooTHeceHHEIMU c PasIMHBIMM SHa eHHAMH Tia ola, UMeloT pasHyio ceman Tuky. Cymec su- TebHBI€ Ha -AH(e) Yale uMeloT GompuMi AuanasoN sHayeHni no cpaBHe- HHIO C CYIM€CTBHTCIbHBIMM Ha -K(a): admoljKa «<ouNcTKa OT mpuMeceli mpo- MBIBaHHeM>, AOcaOKa «<oTeneHHe NOMe3HbIX HCKOMAeMEIX OT nycToH nopo- Xp, adnac <oTKOpM, oT yn cKOTa», adKoc <oTpaboTKa ocobui » o panyye- HbI B SHAYCHHAX MO CpaBHeHHIO c aOmoleaHHe, adcad2ceanHe, adnaceanne, adxoweanne. Hannune cioBoo6pas0BaTesbHblx BapHaHTOB cnoco6cTByeT H36exKaHHIO MHOPOSHAwHOCTH TepMUHOB. CTaHOBUTCA BOSMOXKHLIM mpo ecc Auddepen na- MMH TepMHHOB, KOTOpbie OOpasyioTca OT pasNW4HBIX sHayeHni na ona mp TOMOUIM PasHbIX CNOBOOOpasoBaTeNbHEIX CpescTB, HaNp.: abKzad «OKpy2Ke- HHE 3BepA BO BPCMA OXOTHI> H AOKAAOAHHE «OOA3aTeENBCTBO K BEIMMAaTe Ha- WOPAa>; C.-X. ANbINbEAHHE H OOT. anblAenHe; KaHCcepeaganne ( puGoB, KpoBH) 4H Kancepéayola (KpoBH, Ipexmpusa ua); 3000. zinoka u AinANHe (mpo oKpa- Cky); npolene anne <akcnmya alua> u 6uo.. npbleneueaHHe «<y HeTeHHe Ka- KHX-JI. MPOWeccoB>; saxaeanHe «coxpaHeHue B IeMOCTH», «coOmIOqeHHe> H SaxO0YeanHe «<ANUTeIbHOe XxpaHeHue. O genbuyio pynny Bapwan os coc apasio oue uyeckue, ophoannye- ckue, opdo paduyeckne BapuaHTsl, ae HOPMHPOBaHHe MOXKHO H CJenye T mpo- BecTH B MepBy!o o epe b (Hanp.: adziea — adzeza, kKanép — Kanap, kmen — Kmix, npasidaa— npaeiaa, Npo olnak — npa olaak, cKp3s62a — cxpa6bao, y aap — by apaa). Vi anech Kaxnaa BapHaHTHad Mapa uMeeT CBOH HCTOU- HHKH, TO JIM pacipOcTpaHeHHOCTb Ha pasH4HOH TeppuTopuu, To TH pa3sany- HO HHOASHIUHOe BUINAHHe. 7laxke RoBo1bHO NoBepxHocTHoe PaccmoTpeH e BuOB HY pasHoBHAHOCTel TEPMHHOJOFMYeCKOH BapHaHTHOCTH HaBOAUT Ha MBICAb O TOM, 4TO, c OZHOL CTOPOHBI, OOpasoBanue TepMuHOB-BapHaHToB 3aKOHOMEPHO Ha cTaquH BO3- HHKHOBeHHA H CTAHOBJCHHA HOBEIX NOWATHI MH UX HasBaHHii, yo XapaKkTepHo ANA TEPMHHONOTHA BOOOUe; c Apy oli c opouBI, OcobeHHOCTHIO 6enopycckoi TEPMHHONOPHH ABIACTCA TO, YTO ee CTaHOBMeHHE H opMupoBaHHe B TenOM eile He 3aKOHYHNOCh, KaK H HOPMHPOBaHHe cpescTB GesopyccKo o auTepa- TYPHO o AsbIKa B WenOM. CuHOHMMHA H MONHCemMua TepMHHOB, UCTOPHA HX BXOKMCHUA B CHCTeMY, CTHIMCTHYeCKHe pasaH4HA, YaCTOTHBIe 1 Upy ue xa- PakTepUCTHKM HE MOTYT GObITb NOMHOCTHIO MpeAcTaBAeHH! B OOMLEASEIKOBLIX (@unono uyeckux) cnosapax. S o—3aqayua TEPMHHONO HYecKOH eKCHKO- Ppadun W cneluabubIX HCcMe_OBaHnni .