Keletas hidrologijos terminų mikrosistemų (vandens tekėjimas)

LITHUANIAN LEXICON IR TERMINOLOGY PROBLEMS LITHUANIAN KALBOTYROS QUESTIONS, XXIX (1991) JONAS KLIMAVIČIUS KELETAS HYDROLOGY DEADLINES MICROSYSTEM (WATER This specific examination of ir theoretical assumptions, ne be problems and methodology, which may be useful for ir the practical use of terms, is related to the previous article „Melioracija, ir drenažas, irrigacija: su vertiniai, sinonimai hyponymai (Istorijos, sistemos vartojimo bruožai)“. ir The analysis goes slightly beyond the ir boundaries of hydrology thermals, systemic interfaces with other iš thermals are not excluded su (although part of the jų teaching had to be abandoned for consistency reasons). Hydrology here is very much related to su land improvement, in one other case ir į geography terminology. The article examines both ne scientific concepts and linguistic semantic microsystems of terms, not only terminologicallbe y, but ne lexicologically: not satisfied with the ir existing realization, but looking at the o į ją as one of the į options, broader semantic, ir nominative powers are eaten. Not satisfied only with the timing, viewed o ir jų functioning. We do not avoid even the phenomena of determination, it is believed that these related semantics of the scientific su language stylistics even affect it. ir ir Since the science and jo the conceptual apparatus are international, it is correct not to forget ir the differences in the borrowing value and — equivalents of ir the phenomena of ir the dialinguistic situation. The system of “water flow” is useful to begin to examine from the verb tekėti as the — basis of the formation of various terms as meaning ir “flow” of the field core. Because it is ji very branched, each subsection is based on the meaning needed for that thing to flow, as well as synonyms (run, flow,...), hyperonym (move), causative (flow), antonyms (to let, to lead, to draw water) with some non-thermal ir jų derivatives, revealing more broadly the powers of lexical semantics. 1. In common ir language, water both flows and runs, and in dialects even running has the meaning of running. me ‘inflow (river)’: Šunija po Lesser Iberian) į Sea Skdv (LKŽ I). In hydrology, water just flows. Adjective paths, meaning "tracks" in common language in (o physics — ‘neklampus, Texyumii, fluid’), not used here. However, in the general physical sense, water can ir move. Water flow from movement is different (in addition to the self-evident characteristic of flow) — at least two things: is, simply speaking, 1) current, vaginal, therefore sea ir ne runs (some lakes are streams), more or less even. 2) The movement of water is supported by dialects even in ir ancient scripts * Special vocabulary of Lithuanian language // Lithuanian Linguistics. V., 1983. T. 22. P. 26— 68. T= 99 data: this Ir is a big stir in the Ticos lakes DP 78. The movement of the mares SD 171. The seas are greatly moved K 11272. Sea pain (t. y. strongly) agitated, agitated K 11 336. Mary's moved, ir comes a su three-headed smag BsP 11 51 (Nm). Plakas eternally moving waves of the lake V. Piet. The passengir er was distracted and frightened by the moving ocean P. Cvir. The second difference is perhaps only illustrated by the non-verbal water names t. y. of flowing water Judis, Judinys, Judra, Judrė, Judreika, Judriukė, Judrinas. These two differences are realized in ir hydrology terminology. There seem to be even more than necessary concrete realizations of movement. This is determined ne by linguistic factors of ir the concept, o the classification itself: since there is a vortex "the motion of liquid particles where each particle ne only moves forward but rotates ir around itself" MelZ ir turbulent movement "the movement of a fluid in which particles change their positions in a disorderly manner" MelZ, it's laminar movement for the ir sake of the system "the movement of a fluid where the particles do not mix with each other, the movement — jų takes place along parallel straight curved ar lines" MelZ, o ne flow; similarly next to the uneven whose ‘speed in the direction of movement is uneven’ ir means a folding motion MelZ, next to the unsettled, t. y. ‘time-variable’ stationary water — movement MelZ. Such a mechanical alignment of terms according to classification, not based on semantics, is not a strong factor of standardization, because it can be aligned in reverse ir according to flow. — Ir iš actually it is realized: laminar, vortex, turbulent flow MelZ, continuous, uneven water flow MelZ. The English language is je everywhere in motion, this is probably due to its greater preference for common words. In Russian, differentiated meuenue dsuscenue: ir fluid motion meuenue cud0xocmu: — rotational fluid motion suxpesoe meuenue paudkxocmu, turbulent — motion mypbysenmuoe — Osudcenue, laminar motion — aamunaproe O8udICerue, AAMUHAPHOE meuenue Tudp ca. The Lithuanian terms should be regulated similarly: water/liquid flow: laminar flow, vortex flow, turbulent flow, continuous flow, irregular flow, stationary flow, non-stationary flow. 2. Flow, flow, current, current Although the synonyms of flow are not terminated in hydrology and are therefore not used, the synonyms of the verb flow are represented here differently as the basis of the vedic. — Flux, flow, and current are not synonyms in hydrology. But the jų differentiation of meanings in the general dictionaries of ir terms is very unclear: tėkmė nomok, meuenue 1) — — "the ar flow of a river's otherwise flowing fluid" MelZ, 1. "stream of flowing water; srovė’ DZ,; flow 2) nomok — — “a body of water, flowing on the surface ar of the <...>; earth, underground current” MelZ, 1. "flow, flow of liquids" DG,; 3) current — meuenue, nomox — “The mass of a fluid moving in one direction, partially separatar ed from the environment by solid surfaces; srautas, tėkmė’ MelZ, 1. "water flow" DZ,. It is characteristic that in Russian terminology here there are only du names — nomox ir meuenue: nomok — 1. flow, flowing, 2. flowing, o flowing, flowing — 1. current; 100 2. flow, 3. <...“ GeolZ; nomok flow, — meuenue o current, — 1. (atmospheric) flow, 2. <...>, 3. {...) MetZ. Therefore, neither the interpretations of the meanings nor the equivalents of other languages give any clarity. Only the load is clearly visible ‘water flow portion’ DZ, mox — GeolŽ, MetZ: water current —mok 60061 "limited movement of water mass, part of flow" MelZ. But here the current is synonymized with the current: mok — current, current MelŽ: Auns maksa — current line Melž and current line — Auns maksa — Melž, and synonym of current Milk flow, — flow. Gives no clarity ir PolZ,: aunusa moka — 1. hydr. flow line, meteor. 2. stream line, current line, aunus 3. nomoka flow line, nomounaa nunua —current line. Therefore, the — subspecies is not clearly differentiated. Similar undifferentiated marbling occurs in the terminology of other languages. ir In Latvian meuenue There is ir a ir stream, ir flow, tece, mok — ir strava, ir plūsma The hydrometer. It is the largest in English. T 'Upp ci. data, here is the stream pe- — 1. Ka; pyueil; nomok; some; cmpys®; flow — 2. some; mug; nomok; cmpya; streamflow <...>: peunoii — 2. nomok; average current; — nomox; cmpys; torrent nomok; — fluent cmpys — 600v; nomok; flux — nomox; <...>; for — 1. nomok, meuenue; run — 2. some; squirt — cmpysa; jet — 1. cmpya. Only filament is clearly differentiated from its given one-word — equivalent, precise-meaning ne compounds omOenonHorū o mok cmpyu; nebosvuan cmpys. In texts flow, flow, current are used somewhat nė differentlne y. For example, when teaching the theoretical water filtration scheme, it is written: filtracná tékschematizovaná is assumed that filtration <...“ occurs in the pores of rocks, in mė the entire ir cross-section of the filtracinés flow ne o Hydrogeology 217. Immediately, instead of flow, flow appears: The part of the rock layer in which the water flow filtration takes place is called the filtration area Hydrogeology 218. Then flow is used as a hyponym for flow: In mathematical analysis of the filter flow, smaller flow fractions or flows are used, which correspond to the overall flow trajectory. For this, so-called flow lines can be distinguished. Hydrogeology 218. Next is only the flow of water Hydroge229 ol tt. ir current line Hydroge233 ol tt. O current ir current line is not here at all. By the way, the terms flow flow ir here are not explained, undefined. In other places, current flow is used in the sense of "current flow": Oceanologists have discovered 1200 a mile-wide cold water current. True, the current flow is very slow: <...“ MG 1975 10 36. The non-differentiation of these terms, of course, is not a fatal defect, it may not cause great technical confusion, but it is still correctable. Having (in the future) a microsystem of these terms arranged by hydrology specialists, we could present them more definitely in general bilingual dictionaries, more clearly evaluate all loose usage ir (e. g. : The current returned the flow to the front of the stopped į ship P 1980 9 37). * Iš stream value duplicity — ‘current, flow’ ir "river" — apparently, is Journalistic evaluation: Here the ir greatest is born World Water Day “river” — The Golf Current T 1976 291 2. Gulf "river" water temperature is the same. 101 3. Move to ir flow: sustainability. ir Movement by circulation As already said, the current is interpreted as ‘mass of moving fluid’ MelZ, screw — ‘water mass movement’ Lie. In general terms, the movement of water is also used to describe the dynamics of groundwater: When water fills the pores of rocks it does not move, it then ir applies the laws of hydrostatic equilibrium Hidrogeol 215. When the water, filling all the pores of the rock, moves under the influence of various forces, the hydrostatic equilibrium is violated and the laws of hydrodynamics come into effect. The ir movement of water through rock pores and fissures is called filtration. ir 217. But inconsistently flow ir occurs (even turbulent!): Water flow in rocks can be laminar turbulent ir Hydrogeology 224. <...> in the sand there will be stagnant water flow or stagnant water filtration Hidrogeol 224. However, we do not have a derivative of moving, such as flow is iš flow, heavy flow is load. iš iš — ir Thus, the result of water movement is flow: The surface of groundwater may have a slope to one side or another. į ar Then there is the movement of groundwater van den, which depending on the waterfall slope or the relief of the site forms the flow of groundwater Hidrogeol Of course, there can be a ir vortex turbulent movement of water, filtration 134. movement of water through pore fissures, ar water movement in the soil ir MetZ, although possible here (and really realized) flow ir (but only moisture movement in the soil MetZ, water water vapor movement ir Hydrologists 25). Intersectisu ng values flow flow movement: ar Groundwater flow usually moves towards the lowest elements of the terrain: rivers, streams, ditches, valleys, lakes, ditches, etc. <...> 134. In center flow systems, river flows move radially, as if about a center, <... > Hidrolog 50. Humanly speaking, flow is ne moving, flow is o flowing (and in fact iš next to flow movement Hidrogeol is flow flow Hidrogeol 234 flows move ir radially, flows swirl, swirl. The 233); ne use of water movement is o restricted only by adjective non-potentiality, but by the impossibility ne of jo prepositional forms. ir Ją must only flow, flow: Groundwater inflows consist of the following elements: water flowing 1) from other places in iš the same to aquifer; water flowing from other aquifers; 2) iš <... >. The cost of groundwater aquifer consists of such elements: iš leakage to other places 1) of the į aquifer; drainage other aqueous 2) layers; į ¢... > Hydrogeology 211. First of all, we must know how water fills the pores, where it flows, under what conditions the volume of water entering a certain į portion of the pores is equal to the volume of water flowing out. Hydrogeology 222. Water movement rights use ir is limited by water ir circulation, although the content of this concept of be a river is made up of three other elements — evaporation, precipitation ir jų infiltration Hydrogeology 94 ir circulation cannot therefore be described otherwise than as movement: Water in the atmosphere, biosphere, — hydrosphere and lithosphere ir of all — spheres of the Earth is closely interconnected. Under appropriate conditions, which are created by changes in pressure, ir temperature, transpiration, dehydration, condensation, infiltration, ir water, changing its physical state, passes from one sphere to another. iš į This continuo102 us process of water moving from one sphere to another is called the water cycle. The opposite is true: due to the water cycle in the hydrosphere, water is constantly in motion, some of it evaporates and is restored again Hidrolog 26. Of course, circulation —kpyzoobopom, kpyzoéopom —“flowing around, circulation” has an international synonym circulation —yupkyaayus —“circulation, movement around” in MelZ, but the use of circulation to describe circulation instead of movement, although possible, would not displace movement at all Here. Water cycle is used consistently everywhere, only occasionally occurs water cycle Hidrogeol 166 (also water cycle Hidrogeol 165, 166), groundwater cycle Hidrogeol 136, closed water cycle Armand 62, although the cycle is not defined, not explained. It's just a confusion of terms. Water exchange between the Baltic and the North Sea T 1982 53 4 is of course possible, but it is not “circulation”. Thus, the meaning of the verb flow (inflow, outflow, inflow, outflow, flow, circulation), as well as current, flow, current limits the rights of the term water movement. It can exist only as the most general concept of hydrodynamics and must not obscure the very characteristic use of specific verbs in Lithuanian. For example: : The Bride of the Rivers —1. movement (= flow) of water in the natural circulation process, flowing down the riverbed MelZ. <... “> The velocity of water movement (= flow) varies from zero to certain maximum values Hidrogeol 217. <... “ groundwater moves (= flows) at varying speeds or almost no movement (= no flow, stands) Hidrogeol 135. Synonyms for flow speed are flūsta, srūva, šrotenajalna: salva|sunkiasi wish hard. 4. Marry, let go, marry Having identified the advantage of flow semantics before moving, it is not necessary to assume that flow alone is sufficient in hydrology and land improvement based on it, as well as in hydrotechnics and elsewhere. Not at all. Flow semantic boundaries are beautifully defined by the phrase: —Where do all the waters go? "Down the road. Therefore, some definitions are considered to be pleonasm: River is called a concentrated mass of water flowing in the direction of the slope in the gutter formed in the long depression Hidrolog 48. The riverbed is the lowest part of a valley where water flows in the direction of the slope. When the water is blocked, it must be lowered, and when there is no slope or it cannot be made - it must be removed or stopped. It is not used in hydrology. It is possible to pour juice, tar, beer, gin, must, wine, whey, cottage cheese, milk, blood, saliva, tears, vodka. Tekinti also means "to melt" (in the physical sense — "to melt"): That the bright sun would shine, that it would melt the ice cream pan (red) Ds. Water, if ever, is only from the tap or through a roller. Only the lively J. Baltušis and the stylish Vaižgantas used tekinti with a close, allow* meaning: O lietus pliaupė, pylė, šliurkštė. The earth drank and did not absorb, it covered itself with a black crust, did not allow water, but poured it down into the meadows, mud, raists, <... > J. Balt. In spring, the eastern peaks abound in their moisture 103 that stream flows, flooding wide meadows Vaižg. In hydrology, however, similar use has no prospects. In hydrology, flow and allow, that is, "let flow", and lead, that is, "make flow", are necessary. This is what is done. We will briefly review the usage of the compounds water let, water lead (and their derivatives), while noting its various shortcomings and imperfections. The water is discharged when there is a slope, but there is no draft: water is blocked or blocked, some valve or tap is turned on and can not drain the slope itself, e.g. : Lowering of water —eodononuoxenue —“lowering of the water horizon (e.g., in a lake) by means of water regulation devices” water raising —sodonodsem —‘raising of the water horizon for irrigation and other purposes’ MelZ, cf. water rising —nasodok, nousoeodve —‘the rise of the water horizon in a river when snow melts or rain falls; flooding, flood’ MelŽ. The main purpose of drainage is to drain groundwater, <...’ Page 127. <...)launching device — drainage Kel 129. There is rainwater discharge [discharge] —omeod docdess1x 600 MetZ, discharge lock — esmycknoii was MelZ, discharge lock —cnycknoti wnro3 MelZ (to which the discharge lock —cépocnoii wnro3 is directed), repair discharge MelZ, inlet channel —enycknoii crowds MelZ, ZUZ, discharge MelZ and water discharge channel eodocépocuwiii — Kanas. - Oh, yeah. However, it was unsuccessfully said: "... the lowering of the drainage ditch Kel 123. It could only be the opposite. The faulty prefixes have the sentence: Iš/einamieji grioviai skirti nuleisti vandens perteklių Drėk 151. Water can also be drained in a completely different way — not by slope, but steeply downward: vertical drainage —“such drainage, when drainage is carried out by vertical pipes, by which water is either lowered into conductive deeper layers (Dutch drainage- ), or raised to the surface of the earth (Californian drainage- )” MelŽ. From the term runoff water —cmekaiowas eoda —“part of the precipitation water that runs down the land surface in the direction of the slope” MelZ differs sewage runoff water —cmounvie ranaauzayuonnvie 60061: MelZ. There are two variants of this term: 1) Wastewater — impurities contaminated domestic, industrial, rainwater and underflow water. <... >. Domestic, industrial, atmospheric wastewaters are classified LTE VIII. It also has a single-digit variant drainage PolZ,, M and T 1975 3 43, VN 1983 214 2(nx). Sometimes they are even used together: nuotekų vandenys St 1973 12 26(2x) and nuotekų vanduo there (7x); 2. sewage water — cmounas eoda — ‘water used for domestic or industrial purposes which is discharged into treatment facilities and water collection’ or ‘water discharged from sewage facilities’ MelŽ or sewage waters (they are divided into a) Pipe-farm or farm-fecal); (b) for industrial plants, production waters; 3) atmospheric or rainwater) Vandentiek 207 (although in an interview with the author of this book 20 years later it is said: At your initiative in 1962 a fork Wastewater Treatment Laboratory was established at KPI M and T 1976 7 29). The third variant is synonymous: drainage water —cmounas eoda MetZ. 104 Occasionally, there are real exceptions: <... put into operation new wastewater treatment facilities from the city sewerage Sv 1977 1 25 (from uncorrected letters). It is even confused with (production) waste: More than six million tonnes of waste are discharged into the country- 's major rivers alone, [...] every year. In Marseille and other major cities, [...] production waste is dumpt directly into the sea T 1977 226 3. Consumed and simply enterprise wastewater MG 1973 5 13, enterprise wastewater KV 1971 44 13, discharged water M and T 1975 3 44, discharged water Sv 1973 12 26, sewage output MG 1977 257 Wastewater is more commonly used, perhaps even the singular variant wastewater is more promising. It is worth considering why not drainage or drainage water. The value of the two would be about the same — that water is discharged, therefore drains, cf.: <... “sewage — a system of installations by which wastewater is discharged for consumption Water uk 6. <... > į rivers in the aforemeir ntioned basins discharge significantly less untreated wastewater to other water bodies T 1976 28 1. Only it would be better, more precisely the sewage discharged, lowered. o ne Be to, now the draining water is cmounas, cépocnas eoda ne o PolZ, (MelZ was drained water; for the meaning of goodness see jų ir (see below). When there is no slope, water can only be drained or brought in by mechanical means. — There is mechanical drainage MelZ, mechanical irrigation MelŽ (plg. English. pumping irrigation), irrigation by mechanically lifting water MelZ, ZUZ, even drying by mechanical lifting MelZ. But the lead is often questionable even clearly unmotivated ar used where it should be — (nu) release. For example: drainage water — cépocnas sooa — ‘water that is not used by agricultural crops runs off the irrigated area’ MelŽ (PolŽ, ir run-off water is also not sufficiently precise and clear); transfer omeo0 — — ‘removal (water)’ MelZ, water drainage — 0me00 60051 — ‘water removal iš from the area to be drained’ MelŽ: drainage part of the melioration system nposodswasn — uacmb menuopamusnoti cucimembi — ‘all drainage ma system drainage channels through which the water [!] collected by the drains is discharged į to the water receiver’ MelŽ drainage ir system drainage part nposodawas uacmb ocyumumenonoit — cucmemor — ‘part of a drainage system consisting of main drainage trenches’ ir MelŽ: draining irrigation network c6pocnan opocumeavnas — cems — ‘a canal system designed to remove excess iš water from an irrigation field, resulting from the discharge of water from irrigation iš channels, accidents, etc.’ ir MelŽ: leading irrigation network nposodawasn — opocumenbnan cems — ‘part of an irrigation system designed to supply water to the irrigation fields of an irrigation iš source’ į MelŽ water ir drainage (drainage) network sodoomeodnas — (npoeodaujas) cems— “drainage channels, which drain the water iš from the drained area to the water į receiver” MelŽ; drainage trench jy network e0000meodnasn — ( 6000cO0pnaAn) cems kKananos MelŽ and lead irrigation channel network cems npoeo0dsityux opocumenbnusix — kanasos — ‘irrigation channels that feed the irrigated iš area of a body of į water’ MelZ. 105 Whether it is suitable to marry is not very clear in other cases. E.g.: lead canal —npoe0dfiujuii Kanan —“the channel through which water is conveyed to the irrigation area or to another place of use” MelZ, drainage channel —6o0oomeodnviii Kamas —“the channel through which excess water is discharged” (to which the downstream and downstream channels are directed) MelZ, drainage channel —ewieodsnuyuii xanax (and the water drainage channel —eodoomeoonwiii Kanas) ŽŪŽ, main drainage channel —“the main channel through which water is discharged from the secondary channels to the water receiver” MelŽ; lead ditch —npoeodaujan Kanasa —“ditch through which water flows into the irrigated area” MelZ, drainage (drainage) ditch —6odoomeoonas Kanaesa —“ditch through which water is collected from the drainer [!] and discharged into a higher-order drainage channel or water receiver” MelŽ, drainage ditch —evigoonas KanūsKa —“ditch through which water is discharged from a higher-order irrigation ditch” MelŽ, supply ditch —ebieodnas 60po30a “ditch from which water is discharged into the irrigation ditch” MelŽ, drainage ditch —c6pocnas 60po30a —“ditch collecting water from several side ditch” MelŽ; lead pipe —nposodawas mpyba, nodaowas mpyba —MelZ, drain pipe —omeodswas mpyba — “pipe for draining water” MelZ. Sometimes the word is used completely unnecessarily, e.g.: Dutch drainage — (... Y water is drained deep MelZ. Much better put: vertical drainage —<... “water <...> is lowered into conductive deeper layers (Dutch drainage- ), <... > MelZ. Only the bypass canal —o6soonwiit Kanan —“a canal by which part of the river’s water flow is diverted for flood reduction purposes and returned to the river below the protected area” MelZ and the colmatating channel —sodonposoousiii Koavbmamayuonnsiii kanaa —“a canal by which water is brought into the colmatated area” MelZ are not in question. The bypass channel —obxoonoii kanas —“a channel that bypasses a device (e.g. a dam) MelŽ. Although there are specific doubts and ambiguities, even obvious and, unfortunately, abundant errors, but in general, to bring water is not only possible, but also necessary. This is also supported by the usual expressions jvesti/atvesti vodu, (v)viesti vodovod, the semantic correlation bégti/tekéti <> vesti (similar to traukti —leisti). There is no shortage of international and foreign parallels of this semantics. E.g.: derivation channel —“a channel that leads water to hydroturbines” MelŽ; aqueduct, duke < Latin ducere "to lead", cf. also English duct —npoxoo; Kanaji, npomoxa; mpyba I'unp cn, water conduct — 6000600; 600onpoeod Tunp cn, conduit —sodoomeodnasn «anasa Tunp ci, eduction —ucmeuenue; 6vinyck; 661x00; ydasenue (kuupkoctu) I'map cu, eduction pipe —exhaust or discharge pipe, lead(er) —1. chicken; npoxood (cpenn mpeiidyromiero baa); 3. eodocmounsiii Hcéaob I'map ci., rus. 6000600, 6odonpo600, 60000me00, vok. Water drainage etc. Water is also supplied, distributed, collected, drawn, taken and given. For example: <... > irrigation system with mechanical water supply Drék 21; All larger irrigation systems are equipped with supply, distribution and drainage ditches Drék 150; supply 106 pipe MelZ; water collector MelŽ; water distributor Melz; the collecting drain MelZ; A complex of devices for the extraction, supply and distribution of water in the intended area is called an irrigation system Irrigation 19. However, the element of the irrigation system from which water is drawn is called a water source (river, lake, pond) (see Drék 19), and the element of the drainage system into which water is discharged is called a water receiver or a water receiver (see MelZ), see also drawing of water MelZ. Different is the situation in the water supply —water collectors (600o3abop) are water collection devices in sampling plants (Zr. Vandentiek 33, 35). 5. Although the flow in nature is the opposite of letting, leading (and pulling), but in all cases there is a certain flow of water, a certain flow. Thus, the necessity and self-flow of the term is understood —camoméx —“The phenomenon when water (liquid) flows under the influence of its weight through channels or pipes, with a corresponding slope; spontaneous flow’ MelŽ. Without understanding this, the relationship of self-flowing elements would seem pleonastic. But from this formal point of view, self-drive, self-drive, self-drive should also be condemned. That would not be wise. Self-flow is also used as an adverb (and the variant self-flowing): the manure flows into the manure tank T 1977 70 1, the water <...> flows back into the aquariums M and G 1978 7 9, the fuel flows out self-flowing VV I 31, 32, the milk runs out self-flowing VV *T205. However, water, although slightly different, but of a similar nature, is not self-flowing (or self-flowing), but gravitational: Gravitational water is such a type of free water that moves freely in rock pores and fissures |! ), under gravity (= under gravity) and pressure difference Hidrogeol 102 (similar to MelŽ). In other languages, there are also gravitational flow, current, stream, even water pipe, e.g.: gravity flow —1. 6e3nanopHot nomok, chamomile; 2. zpaseumayuortnoe meuenue (siejmuka) map cn, gravity current —2pasumayuonnoe meuenue <...> Tunp ci, gravity drain —cmok camomékom T'unpcJi, rus. camoméuHoe opouieHue — lenk. Stow tech gravity irrigation, epasumayuonnwiii sooonposod —wodociqg Stow tech gravity irrigation. In Lithuanian, both self-flowing (savitakinis, savitekis) and gravitational water pipes are used: laisvo tėkimo (savitakis) vandentiekis — camomeynoe éodocnabrcenue PolZ,, savitakis vandentiekis —camomeunviii 6000npoeod PolZ,, savitakis vandentiekis L ir M 1983 47 8, savitekis vandentiekis Vandentiek 7, gravitational (self-flowing) water pipes Vandentiek 16, gravitational water pipes Vandentiek 16, gravitational water pipes —epasumayuonnuiii 60donpo600 PolZ,. The opposite of gravity water supply is mechanical pressure water supply: M echanical pressure water supply is called those in which the water is fed into the water supply network by pumps; whereas in gravity aqueducts the water enters the water supply network by its own flow, <...> Aqueduct 16. However, these terms are not established, other — pressurized and non-pressurized water supply: 107