Klaipėdos krašto oikonimija (leksinės ir struktūrinės ypatybės)

LITHUANIAN LINGUISTICS QUESTIONS, XXXI (1994) QUESTIONS OF LANGUAGE NORMALIZATION MARYTĖ RA ZMUKAITE KLAIPĖDOS KRANTO OIKONIMIJA! Recently, with the increased attention to Lesser Lithuania, its problems, its history and culture, attention should also be paid to the names of places in this region, whose majority of inhabitants (about 90 94) have always been Lithuanians. We are talking here about a particular territory, which has been separated from Lithuania by administrative boundaries for a long time and has formed in the course of history — the Klaipėda region. It was a part of Lithuania Lesser until the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 (from 1525 it belonged to the Duchy of Prussia, later to the Kingdom of Prussia), which was annexed to Lithuania in 1923. This territory in some respects forms a separate geographical unit: in the west — the sea, in the east — the Žemaičių aukštuma, in the south — the Nemunas. As R. Valsonokas states in his book “The Problem of Klaipėda”*, this was a region that had endured a long period of isolation, and the Prussian authorities themselves were little interested in its affairs. The words of the famous archivist and historian of Klaipėda region J. Zembrickis bear witness to this: “[...] in fact, the city of Klaipėda had almost no connection with the Prussian province to which it belonged. For a long period from autumn to spring, when rain or snow made the roads even more inaccessible than usual, [...] he was left to himself and his fate. The prosperity of the city always came from the English and Russians, namely from the good purchase of linen in Russia [...]”*. Until the beginning of the last century, there was no more suitable road from Prussia to Klaipėda, so for a long time the old route used by the Semites and Žemaites in their fights against the Crusaders was used – from Klaipėda to Karaliaučiai via the Curonian Spit*. On the other hand, perhaps this is why this region has experienced a lower degree of Germanization and German colonization than the southern part of Lesser Lithuania. Historical sources testify that the Order, intending to separate the Sembs from the Žemaites, who had supported each other in the fights against the Crusaders, founded Memelburg in 1252 in the mentioned Baltic coastal inhabited territory. King Mindaugas of Lithuania in 1253! A few years ago (1973), in preparation for the conference dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the annexation of Klaipėda region to the Republic of Lithuania (1923-1973), a report was prepared on the oikonymia of this region, or the names of places of residence. After the conference did not take place — it was not sanctioned by the authorities — the report material remained in the drawer. So this article is an attempt to pay back the debt to Siam. 2 See. Valsonokas R. Klaipėdos problema. K., 1932. P. 35-42. 3 See. Sembritzki J. History of the Royal Prussian Sea and Trading City of Memel. 2nd edition, Memel, 1926. 2, pp. 54–55. 4 See. Valsonokas R. Min. veik. P. 38. 152 by a treaty with the Crusaders this territory was ceded to the Livonian Order. The German administration used the local inhabitants, the Curzons and the Zemgales, to colonize this sparsely inhabited territory. A. Salys in his dissertation on Žemaičių dialektai states that in the vicinity of Klaipėda, before the arrival of the Order (13th century), the Curonians lived, and only later aliens appeared in this territory: about the 14th century — from Livonia and about the 16th century — colonists from Lithuania- ”. K. Būga assumes that the old Curonians lived in the mentioned territory as early as the 7th century: “On the coasts of Klaipėda and Palanga the Lithuanians no longer find the Finns, because they will have been driven out by the Curonians before the arrival of the Lithuanians in Ziemius, who will hardly have reached the Baltic coast before the 7th century. Scandinavian sources only begin to mention the Curonians from the 9th century.- ”* Both authors confirm their ideas by examples of names of places of origin of the Curonian in this territory, recorded in historical documents. Furthermore, as an independent Baltic tribe living in the coastal region, the Curonians are mentioned until the end of the 16th century. This is evidenced by the fact that in 1544. Duke Albrecht giving order to appoint a Curonian and Lithuanian-speaking duke tį to Rusnė". Despite the peculiarities of this region, formed both due to the isolation of the territory and due to the mixture of ethnic groups, the most abundant layer of Žemaičių place names remained here, which spread and grew significantly in the 16th century with the influx of colonists from Lithuania (about after 1500). These new placenames (most of them of personal noun origin, i.e., oikonimi made from the plural of the personal name (pluralia tantum) or with suffixes) reflect the general situation of oikonymia in Lithuania in later centuries. The origin of the Klaipėda region's oikonymia is not homogeneous. It consists of several layers: 1) Curonian, 2) Lithuanian (Žemaičių) and 3) very small Prussian (only in the Nemunas valley). However, in terms of structure, these oikonymes are quite similar—the same patterns of structure and construction can be found in them. In this article we want to review them, drawing attention to the most characteristic features of the region’s oikonymy. | By the post-war year, about 600 oikonimų had functioned in the Klaipėda region. According to the current administrative division? —these are names from the present Klaipėda district. Agluonény, Dovilū, Gargždai, Kretingalė, Priekulė, Sėndvaris, part of Antkopčio, Lapiū villages. ; Kretingos raj. The Apex. : Šilutės raj. Jonaičių, Juknšičių, Katyčių, Kintų, Natkiškių, Pagėgių, Rambyno, Saūgų, Stoniškių,. The villages of Vilkyškiai, part of Gafdamo, Inkakliai, Švėkšnos and Žemaičiai Naūmiesčio apylinkės. ; Tauragė raj. A part of the crew, including the sailors. and Jūrbarkas raj. The Guesthouse. Some of the land names are made up of adjectives, some of them are made up of real names (personal names or other toponymy). Of common words, or 5 See. Salys A. The Samogitian dialects. Part I: History of the Žemaitian language area: Inaugural dissertation. K., 1930. S. 27 u. a. ¢ Zr. K. Collective Writings. V., 1961. T. 3, P. 745,? See. Salys A. Min. veik. P. 126. 8 See, Lithuanian SSR Administrative-Territorial Division Handbook. V., 1974, D. 1; 1976. Di2., 153 The number of appellatives, derived or derived from them oikonimes in Klaipėda region is not high (~13— 14 94). These are mainly oikonymes derived from physiographic, geobotanical terms, animal names, place names, etc. The largest group of person-named place names (about 67%) are oikonimi derived from other real names, as already mentioned. Another group of oikonymes originating from real names are hydronymous oikonymes, derived from the names of rivers and lakes. And the third, smaller, are the Vedas from other oikonimi. II. 1998-1999 The lexical composition of the Klaipėda region oikonomas becomes clearer when analyzing their composition. The structure of the oikonimai and their production methods partly reflect the state of Lithuania as a whole, especially its western and south-western parts, but also have specific features. In addition to the predominant pluralia tantum forms of oikonymies, which will not be discussed in more detail (they are popular throughout Lithuania), we should mention the prepositional and prepositional vedic (~ 24 94) and enriched derivatives (~ 12 94) of this region. There are very few primary oikonomes here — they make up only about 5 94. 1. The primary oikonimes have arisen: a) from the adjectives: Alka k. Šiu" <alka "pond, pond" or alka "place on the mountain, where sacrifices were burned"! *; Apšriūtai k. Jrb< * Apušriūtai —may be a dialectal gender from * Apšriotai < * Apušriotai (here see A. Vanagas- 's explanation of the name Apšriuotis up. name!?!): lit. apusrdtas „apušotas“: Dercekliai*'* k. Klp: darceplis (< lat. darva „smala, resin“ and lat. ceplis „stove“. —A. Sal. 127) „melting fire, furnace burning sharply“; Juniper k. Klp < juniper; Kiokiai* k. Klp: lat. kakis „kuosa“ (A. Sal. 127); "Kūliai k. Klp: liet. žem. hammer, hammer "stone"; Kūlynai in Shu: lit. kiilynas "stoney place"; Medals k. Šlu: demin. Medal "Forest- ", cf. below. mėdė "forest, meadow- "; Naujiena buv. k.“ * Jrb, F 146 < news "newly excavated land, plunder": Satellites Shilininkai k. part Shu: lit. satellite "polaidis- "; 2005. pp. 15. "The Bad and the Good". "Pleinė k. Šlu < pleinė "plynė"". Dirt Nida city part < dirt; Nida city part < Skruzdynas; "Barzdonų k. dalis Šlu: liet. šilas;" (in Lithuanian). Úžbaliai in the village of Šlu: lit. ūžbalis; Ūžkopis Klišių k. dalis Klp: liet. šžkopis „vieta už kopos, kopų“; 2000. pp. 10. "S.A.R.T.- E.L.U.S.E.- ". ; | * Abbreviation of the place name (of the district or district, or former county or village); shortened list —at the end of the article. 10 Common Lithuanian words with explanations in quotation marks are taken from the academic volumes of the Lithuanian Language Dictionary (I—XIV) and from the dictionary’s catalog or from the Contemporary Lithuanian Language Dictionary (V., 1972). 11 See. A Dictionary of Lithuanian Hydronyms. V., 1981. P. 45-46 (hereinafter referred to as A. Van, and page). 12 The names of the places of origin of the Curonians are marked with an asterisk in the right article of the place name — those which K. Būga and A. Salys consider Curonian (cf. K. Collective Writings. V., 1961. T. 3. 231-245 (hereinafter referred to as ‘K. Būga and page’); Salys A. The Samogitian dialects. Teil, I. P., 127 to 129 (hereinafter referred to as ‘A. Part and page’). 13 Non-functioning corrections — "ex. k.’ —to be taken from the Register of Names of the Lithuanian Language Institute and other sources, namely: Fenzlau W, Die deutschen Formen litauischen Ortsund Personennamen des Memelgebiets. Halle /Saale, 1936 (in the text —F and page) and Kalvaitis V. Lietuviškų vardų klėtelė, Tilžė, 1910 (hereinafter in the text —V. Kalv. and page). 154 (b)from hydronyms: Atmata buv. k. I'm going, F 139 < Atmata up. Rsn; Dituva k. Klp < *Dituva (> Ditupé)** up. Prk; Dréverna k. Klp < Drėverna up. Prk; Eketé (|| Ekečiai — K. B.B.C. 234) Tue Klp < He's up. Klp; Minija k. Stu < Minija up. ; "Oplank's k. trg < Oplankys ež. Pgg; Pakalnė b.k. Shiu, F 10, 22, 140 < The hill up. Rsn; The basement mstl. Shiu < The basement up. Rsn; Skirvytė buv. k. Shu < Axe up. Rsn; Smeltė Klaipėdos priem. < Smeltė up. Klp; Shisha k. Shu < Shisha up. Shu; Msgr. Jrb < "Uptown- ". Vš; Vorūsnė buv. k. Shu, F 43, 138 < Spider up. Rsn kt. ir These, apparently, should include ir The name of the church village of Kopų Nida, associated by linguists with the ZodZii meaning "flowing, flowing" from ide. *neid-, *nid- "flow" root; This is confirmed by other non-Lithuanian vtv. of this root: pr. Nyda, Neyde up., lat. Nida village and ponds, Lake Niedin-ęzers (see K. Būga 241, A. Van 230 and others); c) from personal names: Bruzdeilynas k. Klp < Bruzdéilynas- '®; Kūlberkis buv. k. Šlu < Kūlberkis; Klaipėda mst. < *Klaipėda"", cf. *Klaipėdaitis (Klaipédatis, Kleipa, Kleipėdžius —V. Kalv. 12), in addition, Kleipėdžiai b. Gastos parap. k. 2. There are far more derivative names of places of residence in this region than the original oikonimi (~ 25 94). There are very few derivatives of extremities: a) from appellatives: Išlūžė former k. Šlu: liet. isliZa „kas išlaužta, išlaužyta, vétralaužos- “: Karklė k. Klp: liet. karklas; Manor house* in Shu: lat. manor house "manor house"; 1999. pp. 11. "Prycmai* k. Šlu < Priecimai: lat. prieca "happiness; a happy event, accident” (cf. A. Sal. 128; also cf. Prec-aitis —V. Kalv. 15); Stragnai* k. Klp: lat. stragna, stragnis "clamp" (A. Sal. 129; K. Būga 241); "K.S.K.: 100". ‘Šarka’ (A. Sal. 129); K. Būga also regarded the word Žadis as Curonian (< Sarde —K. Būga 284): lit. žadis "a covered place for livestock", Zdrdas "a shed made of bitters", lat. zards "a shed" (also cf. adv. Zdrd-ininkas from Klp) and others. ; b) from hydronyms: Aukštumalai* k. Shu: Aukštumala up. Sh; Birbintai buv. k. Pgg: Birbintė up. Pgg; Gilandžiai buv. k. Market: Gilded up. Pgg; Grabupiai k. Shu: Grabupė up. Shu; "Lankupė up". Prk; Srébalés buv. k. 10: Up. Klp et al. As for the derivatives of adverbs, it can be said that they reflect, as already mentioned, the constructive patterns of the western part of Lithuania**. ž——— 14 See Vanagas A. Min. veik. P. 88. 15 A. Salys indicates that this vtv. form is newer, originated later from the old pr. Wayswille (see Salys A. Min., p. 121); for the form with Vies-, which is associated with lit. viesmud „upokšnis, upelis“, see A. Van. 378—379. 16 Names for which the source is not indicated are taken from „Lietuvių pavardžių žodynas“ (V., 1985. D. 1; 1989. D. 2). 17 This is how P. Skardžius explains the origin of this vv. Skardžius P. [Rec.:] M. Durys. The Basics of Linguistics //Archivum Philologicum. 1930. T. 1. P. 207-208. There are also other interpretations of the origin of the name: K. Būga vtv. "Klap-ëda" was considered a compound word — from whom. klaips “a piece of bread” and ~éda (from ėsti, ėda “to eat”) (see K. Būga 209); J. Endzelynas also considered vtv. to be a compound: Kila’ “foot”, in connection with Latin klajš “level” and Greek nédor “earth” (see Miilenbacha K. Latviešu valodas vārdnīca. Riga, 1925—1927, Vol. 2. P. 209). 18 Plg, Razmukaitė M. Characteristics of the Lithuanian TSR oikonimų darymo priesagos //Proceedings of the Lithuanian TSR Academy of Sciences. To be. 1989, T, 3(108). P. 139-141, 145. 155 a) With the suffix -ėnai oikonimai here are mainly derived from hydronyms: Agluon-ėnai k. Klp: Agluona up. Prk; 1997: Bdltupis up. Pgg; 2000. pp. 10. "Bitė up". Pgg; 2000. pp. 8. "Kazik-énai k. Jrb < Kasikénai F: Kasikas up". V8; Kreiv-énai k. Trg: Kreivė up. Pgg; "Lump-énai k. Slu: Lumpė up". Pgg; "Pick-up-- enai K. Shu: Piktupé up". Pgg et al. ; another appellative derivative: Sod-énai in Shu: lit. soda „gardens”; Sil-énai k. Klp: lit. šilas; b) with -iškė, -iškiai —mainly from personal names: Berčdit-iškė formerly Klp: Berčaitis; Brūč-iškė buv. k. Prk, F 91: Bračas; Shu + Būblys; Dump- -iškė buv. k. Klp: Dumpys; 2000: Jojo's Bizarre Adventure: Jojo's Bizarre Adventure. Jon-iské bý. k. Klp, F 42, 121: Jonas; "Kelvait-- iské buv. k.". Klp: Kalvaitis; Klėm-iškė k. Klp: Klėmas; Rumip-iské býv. dv. Klp, F 10, 36, 121: Rumpis; J.C.B.C. Klp: Žiobris; Adém-iskhi k. Shu: Adémas; Beinor-iškiai k. Klp: Beinoras; "Efidr-iškiai k. Shu: Andrys;". Gaigal-iškiai buv. k. Klp: Gaigalas; Gail-ish vs. Shu: Gailius; Jėč-iškiai buv. k. Prk, F 91: Jočys; Jon-iSkiai ex-k. Prk, F 12: Jonas; Kaspar-iškiai k. Klp: Kasparas; Méc-iskiai k. Sh: Mocys, Mėcius; Mazūr-iškiai k. Klp: Mazūras; Vover-iskiai, b. 129) ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Squirrels, etc. ; one another from hydronimy: Akmeniškiai k. Shu: Akmena up. Rsn; "Eisrav-iskiai k. Shu: Eisrava up". Pgg; Vilk-yskiai'® mstl. Stu: *Wilkija> Wolf up. Pgg; c) with -ininkai —from apeliatyvy®®: Bérst-ininkai in Slu < *BerZt-ininkai: lit. bėržta “birch-covered land where birches grow”; "Grnd-ininkai || Grénd-ininkai buv. k. Slu:liet. granda "floor", griūdas "bridge floor; „medinė asla“ (see grėnd-ymas, p. vtv. Grindos, lat. vtv. Grynde)*; Kupst-ininkai b.k. TIZ: lit. smoked; Lduž- -ininkai k. Trg: lit. lduZas "old huts, crooked troba"; Pélk-ininkai b.k. 2000: The Shadow; lit. P.P.B.S. Klaipėda m. part: lietuv. pėmpė; Rag-inifikai buv. Kk. "Silver Coast: A small island in the middle of the sea". ; Rūpūž-ininkai b.k. Klp: lit. rapazé; Smal-iniūkai mst. and k. Jrb: lit. smala; Sak-inifikai k. Stu: lit. branch "branch of a river or lake"; 2000. pp. 10. Shu: lit. šilas; k. Trūk-ininkai k. Šlu: lit. trūkas; Versm-inukai in Shu: lit. source "source- "; "Silverfish: A fish with a mouth and a mouthpiece". ; from river surnames: Baūkšt-ininkai k. Klp: Baūkštė up. Klp; "Gég-ininkai k. Shu: Gėgė up". Pgg; 1999: The Shadows: Up. Pgg et al. 1 For this interpretation —Vilk-yskiai: *Vilkija> Vilka up. see Razmukaite M. The name of the villages of the Lithuanian SSR derived from hydronyms //Studies in Lithuanian onomastics: Issues of Lithuanian linguistics. T. 21. P. 203. There is also a different interpretation —Vilk- „Yškiai: Vilkija mstl. —see, Vanagas A. Jotyškiai, Rikpskiai, Vilkyškiai, Zapyškis || Kalbos kultūra. 1967. Sas. 12. P. 52. But plg. Skardžius P. [Rec.:] M. Durys. 1930. || Archivum Philologicum. 1930. T. 1. P. 209. 20 With this suffix (see also -ėnai) oikonimai here are formed first of all by the inhabitants themselves according to occupation, place of residence, namely territorial, physiographical and other characteristics — cf. 1990. The creation of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in the Lithuanian SSR. A. Ser. 1988, T. 3(104). P. 89. But plg. Grinaveckis V. Karklė and Karklininkai || Language culture. 1965. Neighborhood 8. P. 54. *1 Dar Zr. Vanagas A. Min, veik, P. 122, 156 Su other suffixes recorded po one derivative: su -ava (from hydronyms): Jifr- -ava k. Jrb : The sea up. Market; su -substance: Opst-ainf's (|| Opst-ainiai k. < * Apstainys) k. Shu : dpsta up. Pgg?? ; su -I (from personal names): I'm sorry. k. Klp avd. : Lizard: Siepar-ija buv. k. Klp : Sieparjs, plg. Separis (see); -other, -ute (from apeliatyvy): Grailm-iné (|| Griaiim-iné) k. KLP Song. : graumué “deep forest, thicket; in the forest a dark, muddy place”; Smuk-ūrė k. Stu : songs. "Smuklus, vispus", Šil-ūtė mst. ir k. Shu let. : shelter; d) su prefixes -alė, -eliai, -ėliai oikonimai are followed iš by other oikonimai: Kreting -hole k. Kp plg. — Kretinga mst. ; "Szlu PLg. k. — Strazdai k. Shu; Trius- - Well, I was. k. Kp plg. — Triops k. Klp; Thank-you, k. Shlu plg. — Thank you. k. Stu; Gibbs k. Kp plg. — Gibbs, Bob. k. Klp: Opstain-ells k. This plg. — Opstainjs || Optainiai k. You know; 1999–present. k. Shu plg. — Belly was. k. Stu; This is the k. p-value. — Sakūčiai k. Šlu; Bran k. Kp plg. — Bran k. Klp; Zagmant-éliai k. Šlu plg. — Zagmantai k. Shu kt. ir 3. Drawing derivatives here are very few; characterized by the fact that almost all of them are derived iš hydronyms: An-lay (|| Afit-leiciai — F 123) k. Šlu, Pa-lei¢iai k. Shu : Let's go up. Shu ir predd. ant-, pa-; Ant-shishi k. Sh, Pū-šyšiai k. Shu : Shisha up. I'm ir leaving. ant-, pa-; Aūt-švenčiai k. Jrb : Šventėji (> *Sventa) up. Smalininkai ir befored. ant-; Pa-gėgiai mst. ir k. Shlu : Get up. Pgg ir predd. pa-; Pa-geldyniai k. Shu : Gėlytė ež. Pgg ir predd. pa-; Pu-kamoniai k. Šlu, Ūž-kamoniai k. Shu : - Come on up. Pgg ir prieSd. pa-, už-; Pa-lumpiai k. Slu : Lump up. Pgg ir pried. pa-; Pa-Salteikiai Part k. Twelve Klp : Salteiké up. Sv ir 2004-04-01 pa-; Pa-Susciai k. Shu Fuck, : Shut up. Shu; Pa-vilkiai k. Shu : Wolf, Wolf up. Pgg ir predd. pa-; B-Boy. k. Slu: Bee up. Pgg ir prieSd. over-; Uz-kulmeniai buv. k. Slu, F 143 : Angle up. Pgg ir prieSd. uz-; 2012-2013 season k. Slu : Ass up. Pgg ir before d. closed ir each other. 4. Characteristic of this territory is the junction way (from two sandy, trunks) formed oikonimai. There are two different types of bridges: the common ir bridges and the special 1) bridges. — k. Klp, F 145 < *Cork-wolves, which is iš *Cork-pavilions (plg. vok. Kamspowilken), t. y. iš oikonimų Corks ir Pavilkiai (plg. F 145); 2) one component is the real name (personname, toponym), the other is an adjective (usually a — place name): the first component is a personal a) name or the name of a — person : Bidel-kiemis k. Klp : *Bodelis (plg. Budel- -skis), Biidelis avd. (but plg. let. executioner "devil, kippa; scarecrow, ir kaliausé®) lit: yard; Tree villages k. Slu : * Medišius ar * Medisis (plg. Medis-duskas) avd. ir kiemas; Svardit-kiemis k. Shu : Svarditis avd. ir courtyard; Zemait-kiemis k. Shu : Žemaitis avd. or etnon. žemaitis ir kiémas; Kirkut-vieciai k. Shu : Kirkūtis avd. ir let. location; Metric (|| Meétrik-vieciai) k. Slu : Metrics, Metrics avd. #2 For this reason, plg. Vanagas A. Min. I'm sick. P. 44, 157 ir location; Skefs-vietis k. Shu : Skersys, Skérsis®® division. ir location; "Kuišš-laukis buv. k. Klp : Kufšis, Kuršys avd. or etnon. kufšis, kuršys liet. ir fields; Meiš-laukiai k. Šlu : Meišis avd. ir time; Shereit-Laki < Shereit-Laki** (plg. Szereiklaukis — V. Calf. 59) k. Shlu : Sherchik, Shereik's ir grandson; Nimir-seta* k. Klp : Nemyra district. ir lat. hours "farm, manor, farmhouse" (A. Sal. 128), let. Nemira avd. — plg. Nemirai k. Sk, Némer-kiemis k. Tuber; Broken-ends k. Klp : The ir broken end; Daūž- - I've been. k. Pgg : Daužas, Daužis ir praises; Ridel Mountain k. Jrb : Ridelis, Rydelis ir kalnas, etc. ; ir first b) component hydronym: — Leit-giri k. Shu : Let's go up. In this ir praise; Shish-giri k. Shu : Shisha up. Shlu girid; ir Bit-bears were. k. Tlž, F 28 < * Bit-forests (plg. Bitmischkei — V. Calf. 28): Bee up. Pgg ir forest; Wilk- - trees were. k. Shlu : Wolf, Wolf up. Pgg ir pitch, pitch “forest, meadow- ”; Meldiklaukiai k. Trg : * The alarm is up. > Meldik-river? * Trg fields; ir Shish-krantė Shish- || -shore of (| Šiša) formerly k. Shu, F 146; Shisha up. Shu ir kraitas, zem. krdnta ‘shore’; Gildnd-tops k. Shlu || Gilandvir-ži F 85 : Gildndé up. Pgg Tops ir ‘top part’ or ‘tops’ (plg. F 85); 3) first component — adjective, second — pronoun: High wolves k. 100 mg : ir Wolf, Wolf up. Pgg; Auž-kykiai k. Šlu < *High-altitude (plg. Auksztykei — V. Calf. 26) : Duck ir *Kykai (plg. Kykuchei k. — V. Calf. 42), avd. Kikas, Kikūtis; Kykutis (V. Calf. 13); Neu-Stremen k. Schlu < *Naujstremeni nails : ir Stremeniai k. Šlu; Naii-sturri k. Shlu < *New-stallion : naias ir Stubriai k. Shu kt. ; both ir components 4) adjectives: first — component a) adjective, second — component general noun: — Aukšt-kiemiai k. Klp dusty : yard; ir High -a-end*® Part of Smalininkai Jrb flat : end; ir Auš-giriai k. Shu < *High- -giriai (plg. Auszgirei || Auksztgirei — V. Calf. 26): the ir daughter praises; Did-Siliai k. Shu : great hill; ir Drui-Siliai k. Shu : drunken "dull, dull" shill; ir Gas -chile Part of k. the thighs Klp: gas heating; ir Wet-chill k. Klp wet : shelter; ir Jews. -shore k. Shlu : jitodas ir litter, ground. the shore; "Black-and-white: The Black Panther ir Party's New Flag". (plg. Saw up. NmZ); Meln-rdgé* buv. k., now Klaipėdos priem. (< Mel(n)raga): lat. black ‘black’ ir lat. rags ‘horn’ (A. Sal. 128); Nauj-a-dvaris buv. k. ir Tue Klp, Naii-dvaris k. Jrb : naūjas ir manor; Naii-malinis vs. Jrb < *Nauj-malinis: new-malines ir ; Nauja-pieviai k. Slu naija : yard; ir Raudon-dvaris k. Shu red : manor; ir Zal22 But plg. Skersvietaitis (< *Skersvietis) avd. ; it would indicate a possible origin of oikonimo avd. iš Cross. Here's another plg. other names of places in the region: Places of residence k. Kp plg. — Būda avd., but ir Building site avd. ; Din-places k. Kp plg. — Dinius avd., but ir Dinvietis avd. ; Straw-places || Sidu-vyciai k. Šlu plg. — Siaud-aitis avd., but ir Sidudvytis avd., which would suggest that the latter oikonimai got li ir ne compound, o pluralia tartum forms of iš the plural of the corresponding surnames (although it could be assumed that these ir two-stemmed compound surnames are secondary, arising later in oikonimo). iš 24 Sen. fixed form Sarecka (13th century), Schreygklauc (1540 m.), Sareibe m.) (1344 — “is natural Sareike zu reading” (A. Sal.) 121. 23 Plg, Vanagas A. Min. I'm sick. P. 209. 2*€ There are several methods of binding — su conjunction ir be No. 158 -id-meadows in the village of Šlu: green and meadow, etc. ; b) both components are common nouns: Griež-pėlkiai in Trg: griežė “griežlė” and pélké; Kov-giriai village of Šlu: marv "bird of the crow family" and giria; Miš-galiai (|| Mišk-u-galiai) || Mež-galiai buv. k. Šiu, F 140: lit. miškas, lat. mežs „forest“ and galas: Pur-maliai* k. Klp (< * Pury- -maliai): lat. purys „bala, klampynė, liūnas“ and lat. mala „shore, edge, outskirts“ (A. Sal. 128, but cf. lit. avd. Puimalis); Stumbr-- a-giriai in Shu: stumb and grove; Strazd-a- -baliai f.k. TIZ, F 146: straw and bale; Vaid-baliai buv. k. Rg, F 146:(?) vaidas „ghost, ghost, ghost“ and bala (cf. Vaid-balė b. near Svėdasy —A. Van. 358); Taur-a-laukis || Taūr-laukis k. Klp: taūras (also cf. avd. Taūras) and laūkas; Vilk-daubis k. Jb: a wolf and a ditch; Z agat-murviai* in Sh: lat. žagata “snake” and lat. purys “slough, swamp” (A. Sal. 129); Smal-a-dafžis vs. Jrb: smala (but pg. smalis, smalys „devil, bad guy“, lit. avd. Smalj's, Smalis, Smalius < smalius,- degutininkas®) and daržas; Zdrd-vieciai k. Shu: lit. Zdrdas "a treasure made of bitters", lat. zards "a treasure" (also compare Zdrd-ininkas from Klp) and place, etc. There are also several oikonimes with the second component var-: Leit-variai buv. k. 2000) (in French). 1995) 2000 – Pil-variai (|| Pil-variai) buv. k. Shu (plg. abdomen „pelkė, algynė“, but see also avd. Pilwarys — V. Calf. 15); Plaus-variai k. Stu (formerly Plauszware —V. Kalv. 52) (cf. plausa, plaūšos „viksva, viksvos®- ). Perhaps these are oikonimai related to the names of meadows; for the second component, see Varés pv. Pgg and many other microtoponyms from all over Lithuania, most likely related to lit. varas „kartis tvorai tverti“ (also cf. A. Van. 362). 5.Among the aforementioned oikonimes made from the plural of the personal noun, the so-called pluralia tantum forms, one could draw attention to those that are derived from personal names fixed only in this region: la) with the suffix -aitis? ": Endrikdičiai k. Shu: Endrikditis; Kalvaičiai k. Slu: Kalvaitis; Mantvildiciai k. Šla: Mantvilaitis; Maldiciai k. Shu : * The wicked, cf. Piktatis (V. Calf. 15); Sokdiciai k. Shu : Socketitis; Seputdiciai k. Sl: Seputaitis; Vėlaičiai k. Shu: Vėlaitis and others. ; 1b) with various other less characteristic suffixes of personal names (-ūnas, -ėnas, -elis, -ulis, -utis (-ūtisY?") : Barzdiinai k. Shu : Bearded; Kuršėliai k. Klp : Kuršėlis (or etnon. demin. kuršėlis); Anduliai buv. k. "Andulys, lat. Andulis: Endruliai buv. k. Shu: Andrew; Klaipėda, Klaipėdos apskritis; Jogučiai buv. k. Klp, F 129 : Yoghurt; Raukūčiai buv. k. Shu : Snoring; Sakūčiai k. Shu (|| Sakuééiai — F 45): *Sakūtis, cf. Sakuotis, Sakūtis et ir al. ; old 2) double-headed personal names: Dovilai k. Klp : Do-villas; Domantas buv. k. Klp, F 41 : Demonstrations; Minyotai in Shu: Min-yotas; Sudmantai k. Klp: Sūd-mantas; 3) other compound personal names: Question marks k. Klp : *Klaus-miles < Klaus ir Mylius F 149, plg. Milius, Milis; Goodbye, Mr. Bean. k. Klp, F 134 : Right-eyed; Laukžemiai k. Klp : Laik- -Land, Field-land; MacMozies were. k. Klp, F 43, 132 : * Mac-moss < Mdcas, Macj's ir Moziiras (or ethnon. mozzarella); Macviéliai k. Klp (old Name of k. herb): * Mac-wielius < Mothers, Macys ir Viėlius (plg. F 132), plg. Mac-vilas; Mouse... ?7 For more information on this topic, see Maslow's personality disorder. V. Distribution of Lithuanian personal name suffixes XVII a, || Lithuanian Area Linguistics Issues: Issues of Lithuanian Linguistics. 1977, T. 17. P. 159—168, See also Fenzlau W. Up. cit. S. 112, 114—120. 159 petriai buv. k. I'm going, F 125 : * Miš-Petris, plg. Miszpeter V. Calf. 14 < Misa ir Peter (ar Peter). Oksliūdžiai k. Shu : *Oxl tape < *Ox-lizards < Oksas ir Lifidžius, Lindė; Piktožiai k. Klp : * Pikt-oZis < Anger ir OZjs, dar plg. PiktuiZis; Rupkalviai k. Shu : Rap-blacksmith, Rup-blacksmith; Dryheads k. Shu : *Saus-galvis, * Saus-galvys < saiisas galva, ir cf. avd. Sausjs, Sauskdjus; Sunpetriai buv. k. Klp : *Sun-petris, plg. Szunpetris V. Calf. 18; Heaters k. Shu : * Shil-meizis, cf. Szilmeižis V. Calf. 17; Trakséd%iai®® k. Šlu : *Trak-seat, * Trak-seats, cf. Traxedy V. Calf. 18, Trakys; Walking on Water. k. Shu, F 125 (|| WaidZentschei — V. Calf. 63) : *Vaid-Zentis < Vaidas ir Zentys (or wife) etc. ; various other ir here 4) fiksuovienakamieniy personnames: Anūžiai tų k. Shu : Anuzys, Anužis; Colors k. Shu: Bdrva; Blušiai buv. k. Klp, F 134 : Flea, flea; Bobby B. k. Klp, F 42: Bobys, Bobby; Birbinčiai k. Klp : Birbiiicius; Thank you. k. Klp, F 126 : Déckys; Three%i k. Klp : DreiZius; Dvyliai k. Klp : Twins; Bye Bye. k. Klp : Gibbs; Gibisze V. Calf. 10: Grobstai k. Klp : Grobsta; The Harmful Wasp. k. Slu, F 134 : KenkIys; Kirlikai k. Shu : Kirlikas; KiuoSiai buv. k. Klp, F 69 : Chives; Kuupeliai k. Shu : in a chip game; Klumbiai buv. k. Slu : Klumbjs; KrauleidZiai k: Shu : Bloodhound; Lamsoties* k. Shu : * Lamsotis, plg. Lamsatis V. Calf. 13; Lapynai k. Shu : Foliage: Mdrtinai k. Klp: Martin; Pakamoriai k. Klp : Pakamoré, Pakamoris; Reizgiai k. Shu : Reizgys; Rubėokai k. Shu : Rubokas; Ruble k. Krtn : Rubulis, Rubulys; Rigaliai k. Shu : Riigalis; Rusliai k. Klp : Rusliis; Saiigos k. Sha : Safety; Shadows vs. Shu : Scroll: Slang* k. Klp : Slengys (< lat. slepgis ‘laziness’ — A. Sal. 128); Pounds Rice part k. of Shlu : Weights; Šakiniai k. Klp : Šakinis; Šatriai k. Klp : Šatrys; Sepotai buv. k. Klp, F 136 : Sepotas; Šnaukštai k. Klp : *Snauksta, plg. Snaugsta V. Calf. 18, Snoring; Timsriai k. Shu : Timsrys; Triops k. Klp : Trichocephalus; Zéigiai* k. Klp: Zeigis; Hibiscus k. Klp : Ziobrjs ir kt. III. 1. Returning to the Curonian origins Of the Klaipėda region's oikonimai, which are still functioning to this day, it should be noted that some are ethnicized, i.e. jų acquired Lithuanian skills, ir etc. characteristics. Some iš jų A. Salys is associated with Curonian su personal names or names of persons (cf. A. Sal. 127—129): Armalénai k. Shu < Ermalénai (Voice. Hermanlihlen) : Hermann Lell Avd. : lat. large ‘high’; Blyjmaciai (|| MacblyZiai)* k. Slu : *Blymacis < *BlyZmacis, plg. let. avd. Blyža (lat. Pale, light. Blinda — A. Sal. 128) ir avd. Macas, Macy's; Labrenc- -ish vs. KLP Song. : avd. Labrencas, lat. Labrencis A. Sal. 127; Letikai k. Klp < Let's go. : leitis ‘Jietuvis’; Liaunai k. Klp. < "Lat. New “the evil one; evil spirit, evil one*; Lyveriai k. 10 years. : delivered "baston, walking stick" (plg. let. avd. Lyveris, Lyverys); Priekulė k. Klp : Lucas Prekoll avd. (plg. dar lat. vtv. Priekule mst. Duvzarés srity); Sovernai k. Slu < Suwehnen : Szuwens avd. : lat. 28 K, VV. šį time sum of: Trak-seats, on the second component -sédei, known only to ne Žemaitija, but to Latvian ir Part of Curonian, — Curonian (see section 4.4). K. Būga 418). For other uses of the name, + see Seneca (disambiguation). Vanagas A. For some Etymologies of Lithuanian Place Names || Lithuanian Linguistics. 1963. T. 6. P. 331. 160