Lietuvių kalbos švarko pavadinimai

LITHUANIAN LINGUISTICAL QUESTIONS XXXVII (1997) Danutė SABALIAUSKAITĖ —LIUTKEVIČIENĖ LITHUANIAN NAME OF A JACKET A jacket is a part of a suit that covers the waist with sewing edges. In Lithuania, as in the Baltic States in general, it became part of the national clothing complex relatively recently. Women's jackets were worn from the end of the 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century, when vests began to go out of fashion. From the outer garment they became more of an undergarment, and their functions were taken over by jackets. They spread throughout Lithuania (Mastonytė 1961: 173; Kulikauskienė 1990: 263). The jacket became a part of the men's costume around the middle of the 19th century (in some places of Lithuania a little later). Until then, the most popular garment for this purpose was the sermage (Acts 109). Sometimes it is quite difficult to distinguish between the functions of a jacket and a coat or coat-type clothing: after all, in summer the jacket becomes an outer garment, and in autumn or winter it is worn with warmer clothes and then it is only a "room" garment. In addition, at the beginning and in their cut, jackets resembled sermegs or coats: they were often long, sewn from the same material as the outer clothing. This confusion of functions is also reflected in the names. In most cases, they are transferred from outerwear, such as sermégéle, to jackets. Therefore, many words of this type have multiple meanings, e.g. binZokas "short jacket; milu apvilktieji vilnai’; pa/eton ‘jacket; paltas’; Zippo "jacket; puspaltis’. The same is true not only in Lithuanian, but also in the two-meaning est. pihtsark, lat. svarki, fr. paletot. At the end of the 19th century, the European costume spread. Then there appears a slightly different type of jackets, which have come to the countryside from the cities. They came in all kinds of shapes, for all kinds of purposes, and most often they came to Lithuania with their own names. Therefore, there are so many borrowings in this lexical—semantic subgroup. The main name is now the common language word jacket. It is stylistically and semantically neutral. In the dialects of Vilnius and Utena, the form švarka (LKZ XV 452) occurs. The Žemaičiai also use the form Šarkas „t.p.“, šarkai, Sarkar „sermėga; clothing; kamža’ (LKŽ XIV 517). Sarkus is recorded in several dictionaries (N; KZ; LKZ XIV 519). In the opinion of K. Būga, the earlier forms are without -v-Forms with -v may have arisen due to the word svarūs influence, cf. svarūs sarkas (Būga II 314). Such doublets with and without -as are quite common in Lithuanian dialects, e.g. svogūnas /sogūnas, kvotas „budelis“ /kotas, kvuėlas / kuolas, etc. The word jacket, like its Latvian equivalent svars "t.p.", is associated with the church. Slavic cpaxa "shirt; drabužis- “, rus. copoxxa, brus. 152 copouka „t.p.“ It is very possible that this is a separate word, common to Baltic and Slavic languages. Some linguists associate it with ide. The root *serk-‘- weaving’. The relationship would be as follows: weaving> weaving> garment (Karulis II 331). In the opinion of other linguists, the name could have entered the Baltic and Slavic languages from the medieval Latin, cf. Latin serica: sarica "silk" (Būga II 314; Fraenkel 1955-1965: 964, 1039; ME III 1144). However, this assumption seems to be contradicted by a fairly clear mismatch of meaning: the word in Baltic and Slavic languages has nothing to do with silk (Fasmer III 724-5). In the Lithuanian written language the form Šarkai first appears in the 17th century in the meaning of sermeéga (C I 812). The meaning of this word as a coat and a covering against dust is recorded in the so-called Krauze dictionary (O 110, 413) from the beginning of the 18th century. The form jacket is mentioned in 19th century writings (Mit I 235; J). Of course, it must have existed much earlier; lat. svarki is already found in Latvian dictionaries of the 17th century (Laumane 1986: 151). Other names of this lexical-semantic subgroup are more rare, used in individual dialects or scripts. There are both own words and borrowed ones. All of them are already connoted: either semantically or stylistically. The name is derived from the French word "jaquette" meaning "jacket". It is used in the Eržvilkas area (Kulikauskienė 1970: 144). The usual meaning is "a light, thin summer coat; clothing’. raincoat "Raincoat": fetus + jacket. It appears in the 20th-century writings (Sig; J. Balt; LKZ VII 447). blouse, blouse-like „skirt, jacket“: pallid. The West Highland White Terrier (WHT) 29. In common language, its meaning is somewhat different — "long and wide robe of doctors, salesmen, etc." (DZ, 486). half jacket “short jacket”: half + jacket. The word of common language (DŽ, 635; LKŽ X 1067). The name of such a work is also in Latvian, cf. lat. pussvarks, pussvarcis “such a jacket; puskailiniai’ (EH II 335; At Pr 335). šarkinikė „Švarkelis“: sarkas. Rare word (Kin; LKŽ XVI 518). šimtaklostis, simtakloste „pleated women’s garment (e.g. skirt or jacket)“: širntaklėstis, -€ „having many folds“ < širntas + kloste. It appears in the 20th-century writings (S.Ciurl; NdŻ; LKŻ XIV 815). It is a common hybrid. trinyčiai, frinyčia, trinytis "jacket of poor canvas": trinytis "canvas woven with fir", trinytas, -a "woven with fir"< trys + nytys. It should be said that the main meaning of this word is "white thicker cloth cloak (e.g. without lining), worn on outer clothing to protect against dust or wetness; pakulinis sėjos drabužis’. The word is used in both Lithuanian and Latvian as the meaning of cloth (singular form), cf. lietuviškas frinytis "wooden fabric woven in a fir tree", lat. 153 "Trinity" "ruffled cloth", lat. frinite “such a canvas”. Liet. trinytis, as can be ir deduced from the iš name, is woven over three nytis, but lat. trinity can be woven over four ir (ME IV 237; Rekėna 1975: 391). Similarly happened ir su let. trinyciais. „Trinyčiai were sewn of iš thick, unbleached, over four knits woven woven, padded, less often linen fabric“ (LEB 373). It is an old word, recorded (as a meaning of garment, later also of jacket) in Lithuanian writing monuments from the end of the 16th century (BB 1 Gen 3,21; BB Ez 26,16; BP II 104, 105). 194; B 5; O 202; K. Donel; R I 98; MŽ I 186; N; KB II 72; K I 307). It is used in Suvalkia, occurs in some other places in Lithuania, was known in Lesser Lithuania (Kulikauskienė 1990: 256; LKŽ XVI 848, 853). In the meaning of a robe, it was used almost throughout Lithuania until the beginning of the 20th century, less frequently in Žemaitija (LKŽ XVI 848, 853; Kulikauskienė 1990: 255; Kulikauskienė 1970: 144; At Pr 128). In some places, the word could still mean fur coats, shirts or clothing in general. The name is now rarely used in the living language. The word has been borrowed from some Slavic languages, e.g. brus. 7psrHIina "light, blouse-like cloak, worn by villagers over coats or fur coats in damp weather", 7psIHITSI "trinyčiai", TDLIHITHEI "sewed from trinyčiai, trinytinis (about clothes)", Polish. dial. frynica “thick home-made cloth; a coat of thick cloth, worn by peasants over other outer clothing”, frynitny “from thick domestic cloth”, trynit “such cloth (to rub)”, fr(z)ynitny “rubed (about a heeled, shirt-like fabric)”. Some of these lituanisms have been recorded in Slavic languages since the 17th century (Urbutis 1969: 154-5; Grinaveckienė 1995: 491; Zinkevičius I 265, II 129, III 119, 126; Laučiūtė 1982: 50). „short women’s jacket“: frurūpas. 1970, pp. 1022, 1024). It may also refer to a short women's blouse and (shorts-like) short pants. Stylistically connoted names usually mean some kind of poor, worn, torn jacket. These words may also have an additional semantic character. Nothing. "short jacket". Probably related to other words of this root, e.g. bizdė „no part; mergiotė“, bizdas „užpakalis“, bizdailis „kas laksto .basas, pusplikis, be kelnių“, bizdelioti niek. "unnecessarily fast running" and so on. "Rare word (Krt; LKŽ I, 862)". plurpon "such a feminine jacket". Related to other words of this root, e.g. pluurpūoti “to go strangely, unusually dressed; to dress ugly, ugly," whispers "what is messy, sloppy; whose behaviour is frivolous; kvaiša’. But plg. : As a plump and plump (Jrb); Su pliurponu pasirėdžius pliurpuoja, t. J. eina (J). The name is found in some dictionaries (LKŽ X 274). shilling “short men’s garment, jacket”. It is probably related to the shike "back". Plg. Behind the shike there is a palitokas (J) and Šikelis lig nambos pasiūtas, i.e. a men's garment (J). Rare name (LKZ XIV 757). 154 šikšarkis "such a short men's ar women's jacket", cf. Fucking + dragons. It occurs in some Samogitian dialects (LKŽ 19th 764). century, "Sweatshirts" and "Sweatpantar s". The origin is not entirely clear. Perhaps the name originated iš from Š/iūrpa "flap, flap". There is also a possible connectijo on with su other words in the Sliurka language with a negative connotation, e.g. šliūrpa "sweat, slurp", šlirpsėti "slurping" (e.g., slippery shoes), sliurnoti "walking, slipping, in poor, messy clothing", s/iurna "slippery", Š/iūrti "being dirty, unclean". Rare name (Tl; LKŽ XV 6,7). švarkiūkštis „prastas švarkas“ : švarkas (LKŽ XV 453). jacket "bad, torn jacket" jacket support : + (LKŽ XV 453). SLAVIZMS POLONIZMS gunčia, gunčėlė "men's jacket", cf. left. gunia, gurika, gunieczka “warm outer garment of iš rough material” (LKA I 145). Very rare in the meaning of a coat (Kulikauskienė 1971: 167, 168). More commonly used variants of this word have other meanings: gūnia "rain coat, woven from straw, worn by shepherds, night owls", gūnčė "milling travel coat", gufnčiai ‘long-coated furs’. The name is found in many Slavic languages, e.g. brus. ryra is a ‘marska’ for covering a carriage seat or horse; šilta didelė skara“, rus. ryxg „prastas drabužis- “, ukr. RYHa "pleasure", bulg. ryHz ‘goat wool coat’, etc. The etymology of the name is unclear, but there are several hypotheses, such as the Latin gunna, "fury". gwn "dress", avest. gadna-"hair, colour", n. pers. gun "colour" (Trubačev 7, 175-177; Fasmer I 475; ĒSBM III 114; "Slawski I 378). In Polish, the word was first used in the 15th-16th centuries (Borejszo 141). It reached the Lithuanian language quite quickly: the realja itself is mentioned as early as in Lithuanian inventories of the 16th century (LI 551[23]), and the word gūnia appears in the 17th century written language, where it means a cloth to cover the seat of a carriage or a horse (SD (1) 40, 57). The latter meaning and "a straw blanket placed on a window or door in winter to keep it cold" are much more common than the meaning of clothing. jūpkis, jupkéle „striukė, moteriškas švarkas“, plg. lenk. jupka < jupa "antique women's clothing, jacket". The name comes from the German language, pgl. Joppe, Juppe "jacket, vest". The Germans borrowed this name of the garment from the Italian language about 1200 years ago, cf. it. gruppa „jacket; undergarment", having received it from the Arabs, cf. arab. gubba "outer garment with long sleeves"; Cotton underwear’ (Brūckner 1927: 209; Stawski I 591; Fasmer IV 525; Kluge 1957: 333; Pfeifer 1993: 599-600). It occurs in the Šiaulių $nekta (LKZ IV 430). See also other names of clothing derived from this root, obtained through Slavic languages, cf. jupa „such an outer garment; dress“, jupik, jupikis „skirt“, and through the German language, cf. jope, jopke, jopa from the 155 "short women's jacket; vest”, jiiopa “short jacket; blouse’. Iš to same source originatir ed through the Slavs to get ŠūbA ‘long lined furs’ and Zippo "jacket; puspaltis’. German origin is lat. jupkins, jupks "women's jacket" (EH I 567). captanyl ‘švarkas’, cf. left. kaftanik ‘blouse’. Left. kaftanik appeared XVI a. iš kaftan “such an outer garment” (Borejszo 1990: 145). The name is common ir in other Slavic languages, e.g. brush. xagran, KarITaH, russian. KaddTan, ukr. xagran, Karrra - Wait. kaftan ir kt. This is a fairly old loan (Polish recorded k. a., Belarusian XV k. — XVI a. ). Į Slavic languages it entered through the Turkish language, cf. Turkish. kaftan “such a long light garment”, Persian, iš cf. pers. gaftan ‘such a garment’. Į some Western European languages may have entered ir through Arabic, cf. Arab. gaftan (Stawski II 20; Boreysho 1990: 145; ESBM IV 314; Fasmer II 212; Machek 1968: 235; Dauzat 1954: 126; Kluge 1957: 338; Pfeifer 1993: 607-8; Klein 1966-1967: 81; Webster 1976: 155). The name is a common name in the southern part of Lithuania (LKŽ V 252). Significantly more common is the kapton "wadding, half-wadding; sermage, coat; winter jacket’. This garment is mentioned in Lithuanian inventories of the 16th century (LI 251[43]). It was first recorded in writings around 1620 (SD (1)50). It is used by the Southern Highlanders, but also occurs in other Lithuanian dialects (DrskZ 138; Kulikauskiené 1990: 256; LzZ 107; Stravinskiené 1968: 157; LKZ V 253; At Pr 51 zemel.). ir The loan is in Latvian, plg. lat. kaftans "long antique jacket" (LLV V IV 81). Kuzjakas, kuzijokas, kuziokas, kuzjakė "trampa jacket or cloak", cf. kozyjaka, kazyjaka, sisyaka "a men's outer garment resembling a vest". It is not clear through which language it came into Polish, cf. medieval Latin casaca "such a garment- ", French casague "cloak, blouse", Italian casacca "cloak, dagger", Spanish. casaca ‘jacket’, mid-German kasugele, kasuckel “arnoted” (from Romance languages) (Stawski III 26-7, 36; Borejszo 1990: 147-8, 153). According to some linguists, this name could have entered into Lithuanian from German, cf. lietuv. kūzas (< German dialect kus "bad clothing- ", East Prussian German kuz "short, small") and lietuv. jakas (< German Jacke "short jacket"), cf. t.p. dial. koz jake „travelling cloak“ (Alminauskis I 77; Janavičienė 1992: 83). The name is found in the writings of D. Poška, in 19th century dictionaries (N; K; K II 336; J). It is used by the western Zemgalians and the northern Zemgalians of Kretinga, and occurs in the dialects of the southern Zemgalians of Varna (LKŽ VI 1017, 1018). It may also mean a vest, a blouse. "Panzerkampfwagen IV Ausf. pancerz „armor“ (Skardžius 1931: 155). The word came into Polish from the German language, cf. vid.vok.a panzi(e)r, vok. Pancer "t.p.", could mediate in Czech, cf. s. ček. armour, t.p. armour (Brickner 156 1927: 393; Borejszo 1990: 166). Švarko meaning of the word rare (Dr; LKŽ IX 328). Anyway, ir in Lithuanian it means armor ir found already In the a. XVI-XVIII writings (DP) 553; ChB 304; O 379). Spancėrka, spancierka "švarkas" “, plg. left. spencer, spencerka "jacket" (Fraenkel 1955-1965: 859; LKŽ IX 327, 328, XIII 317). There is this name in Russian, e.g. ir crrexcep "such a jacket". He has translated from English, German, and French, and has published in German, French, and English. Spencer, French spencer "a certain short coat or jacket". The name comes from the last name of the English politician Lord George John Spencer (1758-1834), who liked to wear such clothing. In the above-mentioned languages, the name spread in the late 18th – mid-19th centuries (Fasmer III 733; Brūckner 1927: 508; Webster 1976: 1118; Klein 1966-1967: 1485; Kluge 1957: 724; Dauzat 1954: 680). The word is rarely used in the English language, and is used in the southern dialect of the Highlands. More often it means a vest. The name is also used in Latvian, see lat. spenceris "vest; jacket’. It was introduced here from German (Sehwers 1953: 115, 207, 232; ME III 989; EH II 549). šaračkinė, sarackinukas (hibr.) „Šaračkinis švarkelis“, plg. liet. Šaračkinis,- -ė „iš šaračkos pasiūtas“, Šaračka „prastas pakulinis audeklas kelnėms, švarkams, rainis“, iš lenk. szaraczek “a kind of chard; a bad dress of that material." 119 It appears in Lithuanian writings of the 20th century (V.Krėv; NdŽ; LKŽ XIV 513). "Short-sleeved shirts, short-sleeved jackets". The origin of the word is unclear, but it is probably borrowed from the Greek word ῥόδος (ródos). xyzéx ‘coat of domestic material’ (SBG II 564). It occurs in the northern part of the Vilnius schneck (LKZ VI 831). "Spider-Man: Homecoming" "Spider-Man: Homecoming" "Spider-Man: Homecoming" "Spider-Man: Homecoming" kuliks "bag, bag". There is also a Swedish-language version of the song, "Glödande handskar". sermėga „švarkas“, plg. s. brus. cepms is a “national outer garment of coarse fabric” (Fraenkel 1955-1965: 777; Skardžius 1931: 196; LKA I 145). The name is also used in some other Slavic languages, such as Polish. Sermigga, rus. cepmara, ukr. cepMara “e.g.” Word of unclear origin. Some linguists try to link it to Lit. Shirmas, others —with medieval Latin scaramangum or Greek oKOpoauL dnov “such a garment”, there are other hypotheses (Fasmer III 609; Borejszo 1990: 178). It is used in the 12th century in the 12th-century texts (1231–1232). But much more often this word means a kind of fleece outerwear; a milky sheath. This meaning of the name is recorded in Lithuanian writings since the 16th century (BB 1 Mos x 21; BB Ez 26,16; BP II 194; SD(3) 402; Lex 71a; K. Donel; H; R 235, 241; MZ; N; J). Simtakvold, simtakvolde, simtakvaldé (Hebrew), a pleated women's garment, ppr. skirt or $skirt, Simtaklostis’. Rare word, found in 20th century writings 157 (LKŽ 14th 815). quarter ‘pusšvarkis’, cf. s. brush. xyrrars ‘jacket; puspaltis“ (Grinaveckienė 1993: 176). The phonetic changes may have already occurred in dirvoLithuanian je, plg. sekšmė < sekmė (Zinkevičius 1966: 196). This is rare in the English language. The most common is the suspon "canvas coat, usually worn on fur coats". See also Zippo. "Russian-speaking "Zigzag"". It is a word of unclear origin. Possible object, came through the Russian language, plg. Russian. dial. what, was "such a country-like outer garment" (Dal' IV 582, 589). The word came into Russian from the Turkish languages (Fasmer IV 315). The name is commonly used in the eastern Russian dialects. Another possibility — perhaps the name should be associated with a completely different origin Rus. vžrraz, brus. xyrrax, left. In Lithuanian it is recorded only in 19th-century collections of songs (JR 58; JV 718; JV 719; JV 720; JV 721; JV 722; JV 723; JV 724; JV 725; JV 726; JV 727; JV 728). 69 (2nd ed.). frefifius, prencius "coat with a military cut", cf. gpenv "etc."; some other Slavic languages also have the word, cf. brus. Whoa; left. frencz „t.p.“ This name originated in the 1st world war. the name of the English field marshal John Denton French (French, 1852-1925) (Fasmer IV 207, note by O. Trubachev); TrpŽ (3) 169). In Lithuania, this type of jacket, which came along with its name, was especially popular in the 1920s and 1930s. The word is used in many places in Lithuania, especially in Suvalkia and Dzūkija (Kulikauskienė 1970: 147; Kulikauskienė 1990: 256; Grinaveckienė 1993: 164; LKŽ II, 1184; Zinkevičius 1966: 151). The name has also been used in the Latin language, including in Latin Latin. frencis, lat. dial. prencis, prencs ‘t.p.’ (1975, pp. 465). kupšika "short wool jacket, blouse", cf. rus. šnek. "KyDaikka, dydaiika "vatinikka"". The name is also in Belarusian, pgl. xygasika "t.p." A word of unclear origin (Fasmer IV 212; ĒSBM V 174). Rare in Lithuanian (1989, pp. 109). It also has a loanword in Latvian, cf. lat. pupaika "t.p." (1975: 466). livréja, livréja, livreja, "a certain uniform coat of Swiss or Liocas", cf. Russian /rHBpes "etc.". The word entered the Russian language from French, cf. French livreé "etc.", s. French livree "a garment that the masters gave (feik) to their servants" < French /rvrer "to give, to deliver". It is a doublet of the verb /rbėrer "to set free". It is further derived from the Latin /rberare "t.p.", liber "free" (Fasmer II 492; Klein 1966-1967: 899; Dauzat 1954: 440). It occurs in written language (NdZ; LKZ VII 632; TrpZ (3) 293). The word is common in some other languages, besides those already mentioned, such as Latin /vreja, English livery, German. Livree „t.p.“ mundiera, mundiera, mundiérius, mandiera, mandera, mundyras, mundyrius „uniform jacket of a soldier or other servant“, cf. rus. MYH/IHp, rus. dial. Myryrep ‘t.p.’ (Fraenkel 1955-1965: 405). In the Russian language the word came in the XVIII century. 158 at the beginning, possible object, mediated by the German language, cf. vok. Mounting, vok. dial mundierung "military jacket", iš French, cf. French. monture ‘(military) clothing’ (Dauzat 1954: 484; Fasmer III 9-10; Kiparsky 1975: 134). Name is locked XVIII — XX a. in Lithuanian written language, in dialects now rare (R 258; MŽ 345; K; LB 125; JD 621, 1160, 1120; JV 338; BsO 82, 292; KlpD 30; NS 500, 507; LKZ VIII 406, 407) Probably already in Lithuanian language soil appeared and form maridaras „švarkas; line’ (LKZ VII 820-1). "Mandiira, Munduras". The common Latvian also has a borrowing, cf. the Latin mundier "t.p." (ME II 667; LLVV V 290). saraponas "a torn jacket or coat", cf. capagdarr "such a sleeveless garment of Russian women, similar to a dress". The name came to the Russian language quite long ago, cf. s. rus. capagars, through the Turkish. sarap(i) from Persian, cf. pers. serapa "honourable clothing- ", also cf. gr. O oparig (Fasmer III 561). In the Lithuanian language, it is rarely used in the meaning of jacket (Ds; LKŽ XII 150). "Sarafan, a sleeveless garment similar to a dress, is more common- ". It is also used in this sense in some Latvian dialects, e.g. sarapanc(Rekéna 1975: sertūkas, 457). sartūkas "two-piece jacket, surdutas" e.g. rus. dial. CepryK, rus. ciopryk (Dal' IV 178) „t.p.“ The name is also common in some other languages, cf. Deaf, brush. cypzyT, alb. surtukė, rum. surtuc, angl. surdout. The word is borrowed from the French, cf. French surtout "cloak, outer garment" (Brūckner 1927: 526; Buck 1949: 420; Fasmer III 823). It is a word of French origin, literally surtout "above everything" < sur "on, above" + fout "everything, everything" (Dauzat 1954: 693; Klein 1966-1967: 1548). In the Lithuanian language, these variants are rarely used (Auk, Rš; LKŽ XII 168, 433). Sartūkas was recorded at the end of the 19th century (LB 215). It is often described as "a long, long-sleeved, double-breasted, men's upper clothing- ". It is widespread or at least occurs in many dialects (LKŽ XIV 210; LzŽP 179; Mastonytė 1970: 121; At Pr 113). NEAPIBREŽTIEJI SLAVIZMAI kapota „švarkas, palaidinis“, plg. lenk. kapota “such an outer garment”, brus. karrora ‘Outer garment; jacket’. The Belarusian language originated from the Polish language. The Polish name is XVIa. borrowed from the French, cf. s.franc. capot, French capote "coat with a hood; female headdress”: cape “cloak”, derived from Latin, cf. lat. cappa “cloak” (Stawski II 58-9; Borejszo 1990: 147; ŐSBM IV 253; Fasmer II 187; Dauzat 1954: 139; Kluge 1957: 349). It is used by the people of Širvintos and Utena (LKŽ V 242). The better known meaning is "warm outer clothing- ". created "short jacket; "Women- 's Jacket". kurta, s. brus. Xylocopa xylocopa. 159 „short outer garment“ (Skardžius 1931: 116). The word has some ir other Slavic languages, cf. Russian. xypra ‘t.p.’. It is believed į that the East Slavic languages came through the Polish language iš from the medieval Latin, cf. lot. curtus ‘short’. In Polish, the word was given to In the 16th century, it is possible that the mediator was Hungarian, cf. Hungarian. kurta ‘short’ (Brūckner 1927: 284; Stawski III 413-4; Boreysho 1990: 155; ĒSBM V 170; Fasmer II 429-430). However, į the word may have entered the Russian language ir through other paths, e.g. Lezg. kurt ‘short furs’, oset. kurzet ‘bešmetas (such men's ir women's clothing)" ir etc. (Abaev I 609-610; Fasmer II 430, O. Trubachev's note). The word was first recorded in Lithuanian scripts 1642 m. K. In the Sirvydo dictionary edition (SD (3) 144). The very reality mentioned already XVI a. Inventory of Lithuania se (510[2]). This is a rather rare name (Užv; N; [K]; LKŽ VI 973, 979). More commonly jacket ‘jacket; Furs; blouse’. liberija,livréja’, plg. left. /Iberian, Russian. smmbepra ‘t.p.’. Į in these Slavic languages the name probably came through the n. Germanic highland language, cf. vok. "Lib(e)rei iš de la Lengua Española" (in Spanish). isp. /ibrea ‘t.p.’ (Fasmer II 429; Brūckner 1927: 298). Occurs In the a. language of 19th-20th century writings (LKZ VII 398). See also /Ivréja. marinarka, malindrka, maninarka, mananarka "men's jacket; long men’s jacket”, cf. left. Jacket “jacket”, brus. MapsiHapka "jacket; puspaltis’. Į Belarusian language name came from the iš Polish language (ESBM VI 242; SBG III 38-9). Left. marynarka made from marynarz "sailor", derived from Latin marinus "sea, seafarer" (Kartowicz II 890; Doroszewski IV 481). In Lithuanian dialects disassimilation is quite common, when the first of two r is replaced by I. This is especially typical of foreign words, e.g. almideris „noukšmas“ < armideris, kalikatūra < karikatūra, levolveris < revolveris (Zinkevičius 1966: 172). In this way, the form malindrka appeared. In some cases, the first r is replaced by n, e.g. antilerija < artilerija, dezentyras < dezertyras (Zinkevičius 1966: 172). So it happened with the form maninarka. The name occurs in many places in eastern and southern Lithuania (LKZ VII 797, LzZ 155; LzZP 193; Kulikauskiené 1971: 168; Stravinskiené 1968: 155; Miliuviené 1989: 155; Grinaveckienė 1993: 168). nazutka "short women's jacket or watinuke®, cf. pol. narzutka,berankovis apsiaustas, pelerina“ (Fraenkel 1955-1965: 488), brus. Haxyrka,- ,short outerwear; Weight, jacket; blouse’. It is a word of Polish origin, cf. narzucač,uzsimiet, ob(si)straszyć” (Kartowicz III 156). The more common meaning of the word is "blouse". In one sense or another, it is used in almost all Lithuanian dialects, perhaps only with the exception of the western Highlands (LKŽ VIII 595; Stravinskienė 1968: 154; Mastonytė 1964: 146; Miliuvienė 1970: 146). 1989: 153; "Bdr 157). paletélis (hebr.)" "women- 's jacket", cf. lit. paletas, paltas "long outer garment of thicker material, covered" from pol. pa/to, pallet coat or brus. Mamro. (Fraenkel 1955-1965: 534; Sabaliauskas 1990: 249). In Slavic languages a.pr., except 160 a. pab. — XX for frinyčiai, which was ir later used with the meaning of jacket (XVI pab.) a. ir Shark (XVII a.) 6 iš jų presentation In the dictionary of contempor- (1993), ary Lithuanian language, however, in common language, ne jacket means far from all: apsiaustas, blouse, pūsšvarkis, švarkas, trinyciai, trumpikės. The borrowers are divided iš according to what languages they came from. Some are frequently used in dialects, others are rare. — Slavisms 30 found (including ir hybrids), 10 Germanisms, borrowings, 3 close to international words. The latter į came to Lithuanian language relatively recently and it would be difficult to determine from which specific language. The origin of the name is unclear. In the writings, borrowed words were used rather early: panciérius, sermėga —late 16th c., kaptonas, Ziponas, kurta —17th c., kedelys — XVIII a. pr. 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Borejszo M. 1990: Names of clothing in Polish until 1600, Poznan: Wydawnictwo Scientific UAM. BP —Postilla tatai esti Trumpas ir Prastas Ischguldimas Euangeliu.- .Per Jana Bretkuna- ...Karaliaucziuie...1591. Parts I and II. Brand J. A. 1702: Raysen durch die Marck Brandenburg, Preussen, Churland, Liefland, Plesscovien, Gross-Naugardien, Tweerien un Moscovien, Wesel. Brickner A.1927: Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language, Krakow: Wiedza Powszechna. BsO —Ozkabaliy dainos. Collected by J. Basanavic¢ius. Shenandoah, Pa. 1902 T 1-2. Buck C. D. 1949: A Dictionary of (Skaitmenys rodo dainos numerį.) 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Guzevičiūtė R. 1991: Lithuanian Bavarian costume in the context of common European culture (1830-1863). —Lituanistica, 3(7), 3-22. H —Vocabviarivm Litthvanico-Germanicum et Germanico-Litthavian. In which all the words in the New Testament and Psalter are contained according to the alphabet.- .. prepared by Friederich Wilhelm Ha ack... at the time Docente in the Lithuanian Seminary in Halle. I-Laurynas Ivinskis (1811-1881), his writings. J —JIHTOBCKHĖ croBaps A. FO IK e BM Ya Cb TOJIKOBAHICEMb CJIOBb Ha PYCCKOMb H IIOJIbCKOMb s135IKAXb. Toms I, Bein. 1, CII6, 1897; Bsrr1.2, CII6, 1904, Bem. 3 (Toma II-ro, Bein. 1), Ilerporpaxs, 1922. 1992: The Lithuanians of Žemaičių Naumiestis, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidykla. JD -—Lithuanian songs recorded by Antanas Juškėvičė 1-3, Kazan, 1880-1882. JR (Skaitmenys rodo dainos numerį.) -—Svotbinė rėda Velunyčiu Lietuviu surašyta par Antaną Juškėvičę, Kazan, 1870. JV -Lithuanian folk songs written by Antanas Juškevičius and printed by Jėnas Juškevičius, Petropylė, 1883. K, [K] -Kurschat E Littauisch-deutsches Worterbuch, Halle, 1883 ([] is added to words whose authenticity Kuršaitis doubts). KI-II-Kurschat E German-- Lithuanian Dictionary 1, 2, Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, 1870, 1874. Kagaine I-III: Kagaine E.,Raše S. Ērgemes izloksnes vardnica 1-3, Riga: Zinatne, Kapeleris K. 1970: Kā 1977-1983. vecie lietuvieši dzīvoja. —Lietuvininkai, Vilnius: Vaga, 339— 168 436. Kartowicz I-VIII: Kartowicz J, Krynsky A, Nedzwiedżki W. The Polish language 1-8, Warsaw, 1900-1927. Karulis K. I-II: Etymology Dictionary of Latin 1-2, Riga: Source, 1992. KB — Contribute to Customer of Lithuanian Language, by Friedrich Kurschat.. Erstes Heft. German-Lithuanian Phraseology of Prapositionen, Konigsberg, Germany 1843. — Second Heft. Lautund Tonology of Lithuanian Language, in Konigsberg: Verlag der Hartungschen Court book 1849. printing, Kiparsky V. 1975: Russian historical Grammar. Bd. 3. Development of the Word treasure, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. Klein E. 1966-1967: A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language, Amsterdam; London, New York: Elsevier Publishing Company . KlpD — Klaipėdos dainos. Surinko Jonas Pakalniškis. Issued by A. Bruožis, Vilnius, 1908. (Numbers indicate song number.) Kluge E. 1957: Etymologisces Dictionary of German Language, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter & What? V. Blood Vincas Krévé-Mickevicius (1882-1954), jo writings. Kulikauskienė V. 1970: Fabric ir clothing. — Eržvilkas, Vilnius: Mintis, 138-148. Kulikauskienė V. 1971: Men's Clothing. — Dubičiai, Vilnius: Kulikaus165-173. kienė V. 1990: Men's clothing; Miliuvienė M. Women's clothing. —Kudirkos New town, Vilnius: Thoughts, 254-261, 261-347. KŽ-Kuršaitis A. Lithuanian-German dictionary... 1-4, Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. Ruprecht, 1968-1973. 1982: Jlaywiore IO. CroBaps Oa/ITH3MOB B CJIABAHCKHX A3BIKaX, Jlenuvurpajl: Hey, hey, hey. 1986. pp. 165. "Lexicon of the Low Countries" by J. Langis (1685). —Questions of dialectal vocabulary. S. 2, Riga, LB 139-159. —Lithuanian folk songs and fairy tales from Prussian and Russian Lithuania, collected by A. Leskien and K. Brugm ann, Strasbourg: Verlag von Karl J. Triibner, 1882. LEB —Lietuvių etnologijos bruožai, Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatū1964. ros leidykla, Lex —Lexicon Lithuanicum. Vilnius: Mokslas, 1987. (Manual German-Lithuaa. nian dictionary. LI -History archive 1. Inventories of Lithuania in the 16th century / by K. Jablonskis, Kaunas, LKA 1934. I-Lithuanian Language Atlas 1, Vilnius: Mokslas, 1977. LKŽ L-II,-Lithuanian Language Dictionary 1-2, Vilnius: Mintis, 1968-1969. 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I-VI: History of Lithuanian Language 1—4, Vilnius: Mokslas; 5—6: Science and encyclopedias publishing house, KITOS SANTRUMPOS a. —aukštaitijos air. 1984-1994. — Irish pounds. —Belarusian bulg. —Bulgarian ček. — Czech dial. —tarminis hibr. —hybrid it. —Italian horseman. —kuršininkų lat. — Latvian Polish —Polish lit. —Lithuanian lit. —Latin plg. —compare Russian —Russian Ss. — old sl. —Slavic Ukrainian —Ukrainian Hungarian —Hungarian mid. —Middle German —German map. —map at ground level. —žemaičių Pronouns abbreviations as LKŽ. 171 COAT NAMES IN THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE Summary This article deals with the lexical-semantical subgroup the names coat. of of More than 60 of them may be found in Lithuanian (phonetical variants are more even abundant). A coat as a clothing item appeared only in 19th century, that why is its names were mostly names other of similar clothing items. Because of that names denoting coat may have several meanings. Only one fourth of these of names are of Lithuanian origin. The general name of this article of clothing is svarkas ‘coat’. It is found in Latvian as well (skirt). Perhaps this word is of BaltoSlavic origin. It was first recorded in 17 century (its variant safkas). There are more no neutral names of Lithuanian origin. The others are connotated semantically stylistically. or One them of trinyčiai — „Jinnen overcoat; linnen coat“ appeared — the in written language the end by the of 16th century. Five names are used in Standard Lithuanian. The borrowings are subdivided according to the language they came from. 30 borrowings came from Slavic (kaptonas, Ziponas, kurta etc.), from 8 German (kuzas, kitelis, mantelis etc.). Some of of them were adopted in Lithuanian rather long ago (panciérius, serméga - 16th century, kaptonas, Ziponas, kurta — 17th century), but most them are of known only some in Lithuanian dialects or found in some writings. Only 4 borrowings are used in Standard Lithuanian. 172